WO2009012653A1 - Disposal method for entirely recycling solid refuse - Google Patents

Disposal method for entirely recycling solid refuse Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009012653A1
WO2009012653A1 PCT/CN2008/001346 CN2008001346W WO2009012653A1 WO 2009012653 A1 WO2009012653 A1 WO 2009012653A1 CN 2008001346 W CN2008001346 W CN 2008001346W WO 2009012653 A1 WO2009012653 A1 WO 2009012653A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
garbage
temperature
pressure
drying
combustible
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2008/001346
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Qihui Lian
Original Assignee
Qihui Lian
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to JP2010517253A priority Critical patent/JP2010534121A/ja
Application filed by Qihui Lian filed Critical Qihui Lian
Priority to MX2010000855A priority patent/MX2010000855A/es
Priority to NZ582990A priority patent/NZ582990A/en
Priority to EA201000246A priority patent/EA018262B1/ru
Priority to AP2010005177A priority patent/AP2010005177A0/xx
Priority to CA2694379A priority patent/CA2694379C/en
Priority to AU2008280722A priority patent/AU2008280722B2/en
Priority to US12/670,403 priority patent/US8936738B2/en
Priority to BRPI0814305-6A2A priority patent/BRPI0814305A2/pt
Priority to EP08783540A priority patent/EP2186578A4/en
Publication of WO2009012653A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009012653A1/zh
Priority to MA32554A priority patent/MA31542B1/fr
Priority to TNP2010000047A priority patent/TN2010000047A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/20—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
    • C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
    • C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
    • C04B33/1328—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues without additional clay
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
    • C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
    • C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
    • C04B33/135—Combustion residues, e.g. fly ash, incineration waste
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
    • C04B35/62645—Thermal treatment of powders or mixtures thereof other than sintering
    • C04B35/6267—Pyrolysis, carbonisation or auto-combustion reactions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/08—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form in the form of briquettes, lumps and the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/34—Other details of the shaped fuels, e.g. briquettes
    • C10L5/36—Shape
    • C10L5/361—Briquettes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/34—Other details of the shaped fuels, e.g. briquettes
    • C10L5/36—Shape
    • C10L5/363—Pellets or granulates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/46—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on sewage, house, or town refuse
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
    • C10L9/08—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by heat treatments, e.g. calcining
    • C10L9/083—Torrefaction
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/60—Production of ceramic materials or ceramic elements, e.g. substitution of clay or shale by alternative raw materials, e.g. ashes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S264/00—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
    • Y10S264/911—Recycling consumer used articles or products
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S264/00—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
    • Y10S264/911—Recycling consumer used articles or products
    • Y10S264/915—From inorganic material containing articles or products, e.g. hydro-set, cement, plaster, wire, cable

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a domestic garbage disposal method, in particular to a treatment method for completely recycling solid waste, which belongs to the technical field of environmental protection.
  • waste was dominated by food and organic waste, but nowadays it has increased the amount of paper and plastic products that are difficult to decompose.
  • landfill methods incineration methods and recycling methods.
  • the shortcoming of the filling method is that the garbage is piled up and crushed, buried and sealed, and it takes up a large amount of land.
  • the proportion of plastic garbage in various urban domestic garbage accounts for a large proportion, it cannot be rotted for many years, and land that has been landfilled with garbage cannot generally It is used as cultivated land; the incineration method takes heat energy and has to deal with the residual waste after combustion; the recycling and reuse method is an ideal waste disposal method, such as generating biogas from domestic waste or fermenting it into fertilizer, but it will still be Residual garbage is generated, and it is easy to cause secondary pollution in a long period of time, which damages the quality of the ecological environment and human health.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a contradiction between protecting human living environment, mediating human life and survival, effectively treating domestic garbage, treating solid waste into useful materials, turning garbage into raw materials, and selling waste to waste.
  • Bao a treatment method that can protect the environment and obtain economic benefits of solid waste that can be completely recycled.
  • the waste is dewatered prior to any of the steps of sorting, comminuting or drying the waste.
  • Another improvement of the present invention is that the domestic waste treatment method performs high-temperature heating while performing high-pressure molding of the garbage.
  • the dry drying time is 0. 5 ⁇ 30 minutes.
  • the high pressure condition is a pressure of 1 cm 2 , a pressure of 1 to 30 kg, and a temperature of 100 to 500 ° C.
  • the high temperature carbonization temperature is 300 to: L300 ° C, and the time is 5 seconds to 18 minutes.
  • the enthalpy temperature is 700 to 1200 ° C and the time is 1 to 10 hours.
  • High-temperature carbonization or firing The high-temperature carbonization of the combustible part of the garbage forms carbon coal, and the non-combustible part of the garbage is fired at a high temperature to form bricks or plates for construction, and the finished product is cooled.
  • the object of the invention can also be achieved in that the main steps are as follows - (1) Classification: separating the garbage into a combustible portion and a non-combustible portion;
  • High-temperature carbonization or firing High-temperature carbonization of combustible parts of waste forms carbon coal, high-temperature burning of non-combustible parts of waste to form bricks or plates for construction, and cooling to obtain finished products.
  • the rolling condition is a pressure of 1 cm 2 and a pressure of 1 to 30 kg; the high temperature carbonization temperature is 300 to 1300 ° C, and the time is 5 seconds to 18 minutes; and the high temperature firing temperature is 700 to 1200 °. C, the time is 1 to 10 hours.
  • the invention has the advantages of: recycling the domestic garbage completely into charcoal or building bricks or plates, realizing the complete recycling of domestic garbage, especially solid materials, solving environmental pollution and simultaneously discharging waste Converted into fuel or building materials with economic value, with fewer processes, simple process, easy equipment manufacturing, and processing costs detailed description
  • the garbage is dried, and the garbage is dried and dried in an oven.
  • the drying temperature is 500 ° C, and the time is 0.5 minutes. It can also be dried by sunlight or other drying equipment. The time decreases as the temperature increases.
  • the pressure is 1 cm 2 (refer to the cross-sectional area), the pressure is 10 kg, and the temperature is 300 ° C. The higher the pressure, the better the quality. Pressing the garbage into pieces of various shapes, such as squares, cakes or strips, by a press, although the temperature is 300 ⁇ and the pressure lcm 2 is 10 kg, which is due to flammability.
  • the viscosity of the garbage is large, and the purpose is to prevent the adhesion between the garbage and the press (for the non-burnable garbage, it can also be treated as described above. Because of its small viscosity, no high temperature conditions are required for molding, and high-temperature firing is also required.) . Finally, the formed block-like garbage is subjected to high-temperature carbonization at a temperature of 450 ° C for 6 minutes to form carbon coal. The higher the carbonization temperature, the shorter the time required, and the composition according to the composition of the garbage. The thickness of the product, the required temperature and the time of carbonization are different, and after cooling, coal, coal cake or coal of different shapes can be obtained for fuel use. The formed coal coal has good flammability, high heat, and low sulfide content, which can greatly reduce air pollution than ordinary coal.
  • the collected domestic garbage is first classified, and the garbage is sorted into a combustible portion and a non-combustible portion by manual or mechanical means.
  • the metal waste having an economic value of ⁇ can be sorted out and sold.
  • the waste is then dehydrated by a dehydrator.
  • the garbage is pulverized by a pulverizer, and the granules are preferably granulated, and then the garbage is dried, and the garbage is further dried and dried in an oven at a drying temperature of 100 ° C for 30 minutes. It can also be dried by sunlight or other drying equipment. The drying time decreases with the increase of temperature.
  • the pressure per lcm 2 (the cross-sectional area) is 1 kg
  • the temperature is ⁇
  • the pressure is used.
  • the machine presses the garbage into blocks of various shapes, such as squares, cakes or strips.
  • the reason for the high temperature heating here is 100'C
  • the pressure per 1 cm 2 is 1 kg, due to combustible garbage.
  • the viscosity is large, and the purpose is to prevent adhesion between the garbage and the press.
  • the formed block waste is subjected to temperature and carbonization at a temperature of 300 ° C for 18 minutes to form carbon coal. The higher the temperature of carbonization, the shorter the time required, and the basis of the composition of the waste.
  • the thickness of the resulting product, the required temperature and the time of carbonization are different, and after cooling, coal, coal cake or coal of different shapes can be obtained for use as a fuel.
  • the formed coal coal has good flammability, high heat, and low sulfide content, which can greatly reduce air pollution than ordinary coal.
  • the garbage disposal method of the present invention first classifies the collected domestic garbage and manually or mechanically disposes the garbage. Sorted into flammable parts and non-combustible parts, at this time, metal waste with high economic value can be sorted out and sold. After the garbage is dehydrated by the dehydrator, the garbage is pulverized by a pulverizer, and the granules are granulated, preferably in the form of powder, and then the garbage is dried, and the garbage is dried and dried and dried in an oven.
  • the drying temperature is 500 ° C for 0.5 min. It can also be dried by sunlight or other drying equipment.
  • the drying time decreases with the increase of temperature. Under high temperature and high pressure conditions, every 1 cm 2 The area pressure is 30 kg and the temperature is 50 CTC.
  • the temperature here is 500 ° C, and the pressure per lcm 2 is 30 kg. Due to the high viscosity of combustible waste, the purpose is to prevent adhesion between the waste and the press.
  • the formed block-like garbage is subjected to high-temperature carbonization at a temperature of 1300 ° C for 5 seconds to form carbon coal.
  • the thickness of the product, the required temperature and the time of carbonization are different, and after cooling, coal briquettes, coal cakes or coals of different shapes can be obtained.
  • the formed coal coal has good flammability, high heat, and low sulfide content, which can greatly reduce air pollution than ordinary coal.
  • the collected domestic garbage is first classified, and the garbage is sorted into a combustible part and a non-combustible part by manual or mechanical means. At this time, the metal waste with high economic value can be sorted out as much as possible for sale.
  • the garbage is dehydrated by a dehydrator, the garbage is pulverized by a pulverizer, and the granules are granulated, preferably in a powder form, and then the garbage is dried, and the garbage is dried and dried in an oven.
  • the pressure per lcm 2 (the cross-sectional area) is 20 kg, and the temperature is 35 CTC. The higher the pressure, the better the quality.
  • the temperature is heated at 350 ° C, and the pressure lcm 2 is 20 kg. Due to the high viscosity of combustible waste, the purpose is to prevent adhesion between the waste and the press.
  • the formed block waste is subjected to temperature and carbonization at a temperature of 650 ° C for 9 minutes to form carbon coal.
  • the higher the temperature of carbonization the shorter the time required, and the basis of the composition and basis of the waste.
  • the thickness of the resulting product, the required temperature and the time of carbonization are different, and after cooling, coal briquettes, coal cakes or coals of different shapes can be obtained.
  • the formed coal coal has good flammability, high heat, and low sulfide content, which can greatly reduce air pollution than ordinary coal.
  • This embodiment is a treatment for the non-combustible portion of the garbage, and the steps of classification, dehydration, pulverization, and drying are the same as those of the second, third, and fourth embodiments, except that the particle size is not necessarily required to be fine when pulverized.
  • the clay is added during the production to increase the viscosity, and the garbage is pressed by the high pressure of the press. Blocks of various shapes, such as square, plate or column, can be molded without high temperature conditions.
  • the formed block waste is heated at a temperature of 700 ° C for 10 hours. In an hour, the block waste is sintered into building materials with sufficient hardness and strength, and after cooling, bricks or plates that can be used for construction can be obtained.
  • This embodiment is a treatment for non-combustible portion of garbage, and the steps of classification, dehydration, pulverization, and drying are the same as those of the second, third, and fourth embodiments, except that the particle size is not necessarily required to be fine when pulverized.
  • the clay is added during the production to increase the viscosity, and the garbage is pressed into a block of various shapes, such as a square shape, a plate shape or a column shape, by press pressing. Etc., it is also possible to mold without high temperature conditions.
  • the formed block waste is fired at a high temperature, the temperature is 1200 ° C, and the time is 1 hour, and the block waste is sintered into a building material having sufficient hardness and strength, and is cooled. Bricks or plates that can be used in construction are available.
  • This embodiment is a treatment for non-combustible portion of garbage, and the steps of classification, dehydration, pulverization, and drying are the same as those of the second, third, and fourth embodiments, except that the particle size is not necessarily required to be fine when pulverized.
  • the clay is added during the production to increase the viscosity, and the garbage is pressed into various shapes by the high pressure of the press.

Description

固体物垃圾可彻底回收利用的处理方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种生活垃圾处理方法，特别是一种将固体物垃圾可彻底回收利用的处 理方法， 属于环境保护技术领域。
背景技术
城镇生活垃圾既是危害社会经济可持续发展的一大公害，也是地球上唯一在增长的 一种潜在资源。 如何科学有效地处理污染土壤、 水体、 大气、 损害环境质量和人体健康 的城镇生活垃圾，合理地利用垃圾中可回收或可再生的资源，实现城镇生活垃圾减量化、 无害化和资源化处理的目标， 是世界各国极为关注并着力研究的重点、 热点环保课题。 为保护人类的生存环境和生态环境， 垃圾的处理愈来愈重要。近年来随着经济的迅速发 展、 人们物质文化生活水平的提高， 生活垃圾在质和量两方面都发生了较大变化。 过去 垃圾是以食物和有机废弃物为主， 而现在则大量增加了纸类和很难分解的塑料制品。 目 前生活垃圾处理方法， 主要有填埋法、 焚烧法和回收再利用法。埋填法的缺点是将垃圾 堆积碾压， 掩埋封盖， 要占用大量的土地， 由于各种城镇生活垃圾中的塑料垃圾占的比 例较大，多年不能腐烂，填埋过垃圾的土地一般不能用作耕地使用；焚烧法则摄取热能， 还得处理燃烧后残余的垃圾； 回收再利用法是较理想的垃圾处理方法， 如将生活垃圾生 成沼气或通过堆积发酵， 制作成肥料等， 但还是会产生残余垃圾， 长时期都得容易造成 二次污染的环境， 损害生态环境质量和人体健康。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种保护人类生存环境， 调解人类生活和生存的矛盾， 能有 效地处理生活垃圾， 将固体垃圾处理成有用的材料， 把垃圾变成原料生产商品出售使垃 圾变废为宝， 既能保护环境， 又能获取经济效益的固体物垃圾可彻底回收利用的处理方 法。
本发明的目的是这样实现的， 其主要的步骤如下-
(1)干燥： 分别将垃圾进行干燥烘干；
(2)高压成型： 分别在高压条件下将垃圾压成各种形状的块状物； (3)高温炭化或烧制： 对可燃部分垃圾进行髙温炭化形成炭煤， 对不可燃部分垃圾 进行高温烧制形成建筑用的砖块或板材， 冷却后得成品。
本发明的进一步改进： 在对垃圾进行分类、粉碎或干燥步骤中的任一步骤前还对垃 圾进行脱水处理。
本发明的另一步改进：该生活垃圾处理方法在对垃圾进行高压成型的同时还进行高 温加热。
所述的干燥烘干温度为 100〜500°C， 干燥时间为 0. 5〜30分钟。
所述的高压条件是压力 lcm2， 压力为 1〜30公斤， 温度是 100〜500°C。
所述的高温炭化温度为 300〜： L300°C， 时间是 5秒至 18分钟。
所述的髙温烧制温度为 700〜1200°C， 时间为 1一 10个小时。
本发明的目的可以这样实现， 其主要的步骤如下-
(1)分类： 将垃圾分成可燃部分和不可燃部分；
(2)粉碎： 分别用粉碎机将垃圾进行粉碎；
(3)干燥： 分别将垃圾进行干燥烘干；
(4)髙压成型： 分别在高压条件下将垃圾压成各种形状的块状物；
(5)高温炭化或烧制： 对可燃部分垃圾进行高温炭化形成炭煤， 对不可燃部分垃圾 进行高温烧制形成建筑用的砖块或板材， 冷却后得成品。
本发明的目的还可以这样实现， 其主要的步骤如下- (1)分类： 将垃圾分成可燃部分和不可燃部分；
(2)粉碎： 将两类废弃物分别置于粉碎机中进行粉碎；
(3)高压成型： 分别在高压条件下将垃圾压成各种形状的块状物；
(4)高温炭化或烧制： 对可燃部分垃圾进行高温炭化形成炭煤， 对不可燃部分垃圾 进行高温烧制形成建筑用的砖块或板材， 冷却后得成品。
所述的髙压条件是压力 lcm2，压力为 1〜30公斤;所述的高温炭化温度为 300〜1300 °C， 时间 5秒至 18分钟； 所述的高温烧制温度为 700〜1200°C， 时间为 1一 10个小时。
本发明的优点是： 通过将生活垃圾完全变成炭煤或建筑用的砖或板材进行再利用， 实现对生活垃圾特别是其固体物的彻底回收利用， 解决了对环境的污染， 同时将废物转 变成具有经济价值的燃料或建材， 且工序少、 工艺过程简单、 设备容易制造， 处理成本 具体实施方式
实施例一
本发明中对垃圾进行干燥， 用烘炉将垃圾再进行干燥烘干， 烘干温度为 500°C， 时 间为 0. 5分钟， 也可以通过阳光、 或其它烘干设备进行干燥， 烘干的时间随温度的增高 而减小。 在高温高压条件下， 压力 lcm2 (指截面积)，压力为 10公斤， 温度是 300°C , 压 力越大质量越好。用压力机将垃圾压成各种形状的块状物，如方块状、饼状或条块状等， 这虽之所以进行高温加热， 温度为 300Ό, 压力 lcm2为 10公斤， 是由于可燃垃圾的粘 性较大， 目的是防止垃圾与压力机之间发生粘连（对于不可燃垃圾也可以按前述方法处 理， 由于其粘性小， 成型时无需高温条件， 只需高温烧制， 也可以实施）。 最后， 对形 成的块状垃圾进行高温炭化， 温度为 450°C， 时间为 6分钟， 形成炭煤， 炭化的温度越 高， 所需的时间越短， 又再根据垃圾的成分及所制成的产品的厚度， 所需的温度和炭化 的时间不同， 经冷却后就可得到可作燃料使用的煤块、 煤饼或做成不同形状的煤炭。 所 形成的炭煤具有可燃性好， 热量高， 且硫化物含量低， 比普通煤可大大减少大气污染。
实施例二
在本发明中首先是将收集的生活垃圾进行分类，通过人工或机械将垃圾分拣成可燃 部分和不可燃部分， 这时可以尽量将经济价值髙的金属垃圾拣开， 作变卖处理。对可燃 部分垃圾， 接着用脱水机对垃圾进行脱水处理。 再接着， 用粉碎机将垃圾进行粉碎， 变 成粒状最好是粉状后，对垃圾进行干燥，用烘炉将垃圾再进行干燥烘干，烘干温度为 100 °C， 时间为 30分钟， 也可以通过阳光、 或其它烘干设备进行干燥， 烘干的时间随温度 的增高而减小， 在高温高压条件下， 每 lcm2 (指截面积)压力为 1公斤， 温度是 ΙΟΟΌ , 用压力机将垃圾压成各种形状的块状物， 如方块状、饼状或条块状等， 这里之所以进行 高温加热， 温度为 100'C， 每 lcm2压力为 1公斤， 由于可燃垃圾的粘性较大， 目的是防 止垃圾与压力机之间发生粘连。最后，对形成的块状垃圾进行髙温炭化，温度为 300°C， 时间为 18分钟， 形成炭煤， 炭化的温度越高， 所需的时间越短， 又再根据垃圾的成分 及所制成的产品的厚度， 所需的温度和炭化的时间不同， 经冷却后就可得到可作燃料使 用的煤块、 煤饼或做成不同形状的煤炭。 所形成的炭煤具有可燃性好， 热量高， 且硫化 物含量低， 比普通煤可大大减少大气污染。
实施例三
本发明的垃圾处理方法首先是将收集的生活垃圾进行分类，通过人工或机械将垃圾 分拣成可燃部分和不可燃部分， 这时可以尽量将经济价值高的金属垃圾拣开， 作变卖处 理。对可燃部分垃圾，接着用脱水机对垃圾进行脱水处理后，用粉碎机将垃圾进行粉碎， 变成粒状最好是粉状后，对垃圾进行干燥，用烘炉将垃圾进行干燥烘千，烘干温度为 500 °C时间为 0. 5分钟， 也可以通过阳光、或其它烘干设备进行干燥， 烘干的时间随温度的 增高而减小， 在高温高压条件下， 每 lcm2 (指截面积)压力为 30公斤， 温度是 50CTC, 压 力越大质量越好。用压力机将垃圾压成各种形状的块状物，如方块状、饼状或条块状等， 这里之所以进行高温加热， 温度为 500°C， 每 lcm2压力为 30公斤， 是由于可燃垃圾的 粘性较大， 目的是防止垃圾与压力机之间发生粘连。 最后， 对形成的块状垃圾进行高温 炭化， 温度为 1300°C， 时间为 5秒， 形成炭煤， 炭化的温度越高， 所需的时间越短， 又 再根据垃圾的成分及所制成的产品的厚度， 所需的温度和炭化的时间不同， 经冷却后就 可得到可作燃料使用的煤块、煤饼或做成不同形状的煤炭。所形成的炭煤具有可燃性好， 热量高， 且硫化物含量低， 比普通煤可大大减少大气污染。
实施例四
本发明中首先是将收集的生活垃圾进行分类，通过人工或机械将垃圾分拣成可燃部 分和不可燃部分， 这时可以尽量将经济价值高的金属垃圾拣开， 作变卖处理。 对可燃部 分垃圾， 接着用脱水机对垃圾进行脱水处理后， 用粉碎机将垃圾进行粉碎， 变成粒状最 好是粉状后， 对垃圾进行干燥， 用烘炉将垃圾进行干燥烘干， 也可以通过阳光、 或其它 烘干设备进行干燥后， 在高温高压条件下， 每 lcm2 (指截面积)压力为 20公斤， 温度是 35CTC , 压力越大质量越好。 用压力机将垃圾压成各种形状的块状物， 如方块状、 饼状 或条块状等， 这里之所以进行髙温加热， 温度为 350°C， 压力 lcm2为 20公斤， 是由于 可燃垃圾的粘性较大， 目的是防止垃圾与压力机之间发生粘连。 最后， 对形成的块状垃 圾进行髙温炭化， 温度为 650°C， 时间为 9分钟， 形成炭煤， 炭化的温度越高， 所需的 时间越短，又再根据垃圾的成分及所制成的产品的厚度，所需的温度和炭化的时间不同， 经冷却后就可得到可作燃料使用的煤块、煤饼或做成不同形状的煤炭。所形成的炭煤具 有可燃性好， 热量高， 且硫化物含量低， 比普通煤可大大减少大气污染。
实施例五
本实施例是对不可燃部分垃圾的处理， 其分类、 脱水、 粉碎、 干燥处理步骤与实施 例二、 三、 四是一样的， 只是粉碎时粒度不一定要求那么细小。 之后， 在髙压成型时， 由于不可燃垃圾的粘性不大， 制作时加入粘土增加其粘性， 通过压力机高压将垃圾压成 各种形状的块状物， 如方块状、 板状或柱状等， 不用高温条件进行成型也可以； 最后， 对形成的块状垃圾进行髙温烧制，温度为 700°C， 时间为 10小时，将块状垃圾烧结成硬 度和强度足够的建筑用材， 经冷却后就可得到可用于建筑的砖块或板材。
实施例六
本实施例是对不可燃部分垃圾的处理， 其分类、 脱水、 粉碎、 干燥处理步骤与实施 例二、 三、 四是一样的， 只是粉碎时粒度不一定要求那么细小。 之后， 在高压成型时， 由于不可燃垃圾的粘性不大， 制作时加入粘土增加其粘性， 通过压力机髙压将垃圾压成 各种形状的块状物， 如方块状、 板状或柱状等， 不用高温条件进行成型也可以； 最后， 对形成的块状垃圾进行高温烧制，温度为 1200°C， 时间为 1小时， 将块状垃圾烧结成硬 度和强度足够的建筑用材， 经冷却后就可得到可用于建筑的砖块或板材。
实施例七
本实施例是对不可燃部分垃圾的处理， 其分类、 脱水、 粉碎、 干燥处理步骤与实施 例二、 三、 四是一样的， 只是粉碎时粒度不一定要求那么细小。 之后， 在高压成型时， 由于不可燃垃圾的粘性不大， 制作时加入粘土增加其粘性， 通过压力机高压将垃圾压成 各种形状的块状

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种固体物垃圾可彻底回收利用的处理方法， 其特征在于包括如下步骤- (1)干燥： 分别将垃圾进行干燥烘干；
(2)高压成型： 分别在高压条件下将垃圾压成各种形状的块状物；
(3)高温炭化或烧制： 对可燃部分垃圾进行高温炭化形成炭煤， 对不可燃部分垃圾 进行高温烧制形成建筑用的砖块或板材， 冷却后得成品。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的处理方法， 其特征在于还包括如下步骤- (1)分类： 将垃圾分成可燃部分和不可燃部分；
(2)粉碎： 将两类废弃物分别置于粉碎机中进行粉碎。
3、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的处理方法， 其特征在于， 在对垃圾进行分类、 粉碎 或干燥步骤中的任一步骤前还对垃圾进行脱水处理。
4、 根据权利要求 1或 2或 3所述的处理方法， 其特征在于， 在对垃圾进行高压成 型的同时还进行高温加热。
5、根据权利要求 1所述的处理方法， 其特征在于， 所述的干燥， 烘干温度为 100〜
500 °C , 时间为 0. 5〜30分钟。
6、 根据权利要求 4所述的处理方法， 其特征在于， 所述的高压条件是压力 lcm2， 压力为 1〜30公斤， 温度是 100〜500°C。
7、根据权利要求 1所述的处理方法,其特征在于，所述的高温炭化温度为 300〜1300 。C， 时间 5秒至 18分钟。
8、根据权利要求 1所述的处理方法，其特征在于，所述的高温烧制温度为 700〜1200 °C， 时间为 1一 10个小时。
9、 一种固体物垃圾可彻底回收利用的处理方法， 其特征在于包括如下步骤： (1)分类： 将垃圾分成可燃部分和不可燃部分；
(2)粉碎： 分别用粉碎机将垃圾进行粉碎；
(3)高压成型： 分别在髙压条件下将垃圾压成各种形状的块状物；
(4)高温炭化或烧制： 对可燃部分垃圾进行高温炭化形成炭煤， 对不可燃部分垃圾 进行高温烧制形成建筑用的砖块或板材， 冷却后得成品。
10、 根据权利要求 9所述的处理方法， 其特征在于： 所述的高压条件是压力 lcm2， 压力为 1〜30公斤； 所述的高温炭化温度为 300〜1300Ό , 时间为 5秒至 18分钟； 所述 的高温烧制温度为 700〜1200°C， 时间为 1一 10个小时。
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UA96647C2 (ru) 2011-11-25
JP2010534121A (ja) 2010-11-04
CA2694379C (en) 2016-02-16
AU2008280722B2 (en) 2013-11-21
AU2008280722A1 (en) 2009-01-29
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MY160187A (en) 2017-02-28
BRPI0814305A2 (pt) 2015-02-03
CA2694379A1 (en) 2009-01-29
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EA201000246A1 (ru) 2010-06-30
US8936738B2 (en) 2015-01-20
CN101367086B (zh) 2011-02-09
MA31542B1 (fr) 2010-07-01
US20100187708A1 (en) 2010-07-29
NI201000017A (es) 2011-12-06
CO6260113A2 (es) 2011-03-22
EP2186578A4 (en) 2011-11-30
NZ582990A (en) 2011-09-30
KR20100069643A (ko) 2010-06-24
CR11276A (es) 2010-05-03
EP2186578A1 (en) 2010-05-19

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