Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
  • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
  • E01B1/00—Ballastway; Other means for supporting the sleepers or the track; Drainage of the ballastway
  • E01B1/002—Ballastless track, e.g. concrete slab trackway, or with asphalt layers
  • E01B1/005—Ballastless track, e.g. concrete slab trackway, or with asphalt layers with sleeper shoes
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
  • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
  • E01B2204/00—Characteristics of the track and its foundations
  • E01B2204/01—Elastic layers other than rail-pads, e.g. sleeper-shoes, bituconcrete

Definitions

• the invention relates to a covering material for direct connection to a concrete component, comprising a layer of at least one polymer having a first surface for conditioning and connection to the concrete component, said surface having a surface structuring, a concrete component with a covering material disposed on at least one component surface and a method for producing a concrete component, which is provided on at least one surface with a covering material, in which the concrete mixture is poured into a formwork and cured.
• Concrete components are provided with polymer layers for a variety of reasons.
• these polymer layers should on the one hand protect the concrete component itself from environmental influences in order to obtain a longer service life of this concrete component.
• threshold solders which must have sufficient elastic properties, the compressive stress of the ballast, especially in the contact area between see threshold and gravel, can be reduced because the contact surface is increased in so far as it allows the ballast grains, in this Schwellenhleohlung in the same way as in the case of wooden sleepers, which in themselves are already sufficiently “elastic” to allow the crushing of the gravel grains.
• These threshold solders but also as sound insulation elements, since they reduce the direct transmission of sound waves from the concrete sleeper in the ballast bedding.
• this elastomer mat has sufficiently good adhesion to the concrete component in order to prevent delamination.
• One way to achieve this is, for example, to glue the elastomer mat with the concrete component. However, it may happen that at higher temperatures, this adhesive layer softens and thus the adhesion of the elastomer mat is reduced to the concrete component.
• DE 202 15 101 U describes a railway sleeper with a concrete body and at least one elastic plastic layer arranged on the underside of the concrete body. Between the concrete body and this plastic layer is a random fiber layer, in particular a nonwoven layer, preferably a geotextile layer, arranged, which adheres to the concrete of the concrete body and is connected flat with the at least one elastic plastic layer.
• the fibers of this intermediate layer are used in order to achieve a mechanical anchoring via these fibers in the concrete component, whereby a micro-form closure is produced.
• a disadvantage is that a further layer is required for the arrangement of the elastomer layer.
• DE 10 2004 011 610 A describes a method for producing a composite system between concrete and a high-polymer elastic material.
• the high-polymer elastic material with a separately prepared provided geometric surface modification as a prototype, which is formed as nubby and / or rib-shaped elevations.
• the knob-shaped and / or rib-shaped elevations are formed into mushroom-shaped and / or T-shaped and / or bent elevations with a slight pressure by means of a hot forming tool. This gives the elevations in the upper area a larger diameter. So it is also connected with a multi-step manufacturing process.
• the object of the invention is to provide a way with which a covering material with a concrete component can be easily connected.
• connection is essentially made by mechanical precautions on the covering material, so that with regard to the concrete component no consideration has to be given to special material compatibilities.
• a finished concrete component can thus be made available, which can be used immediately without further processing.
• the channel-like recesses can extend into the end face (s) of the covering material or it is possible for these recesses to be closed in the area of the end face (s), e.g. rolled together.
• the at least approximately pore-shaped recesses may have a mean diameter at the outer surface of the covering material, which is selected from a Range with a lower limit of 0.2 mm and an upper limit of 10 mm. It can thus be influenced by the adhesion of the covering material to the concrete component by selecting a pore size from this area accordingly. It is thus possible to provide for overuse of the covering material, that the connection point to the concrete component acts as a predetermined breaking point, whereby the lining material may optionally replace and thus the forces acting on this are not registered in the entire extent in the concrete component. For pores with a pore size below 0.2 mm in the region of the outer surface of the covering material has been shown that the concrete material flows only insufficiently into these pores. For pores with a diameter larger than 10 mm it could be observed that the adhesive strength decreases again. This is probably due to the fact that the area available for compound formation is reduced with increasing pores.
• the pores on this outer surface of the covering material have an average diameter which is selected from a range with a lower limit of 0.5 mm and an upper limit of 8 mm, in particular a region with a lower limit of 2 mm and an upper limit of 5 mm.
• an integral foam which according to a development in the region of the first surface, ie in the region of that surface where the surface structuring is provided, has pores with a large diameter. sen, whereas at the second, the outer surface, which is not intended for connection to a concrete component, no or very few pores or this surface is closed.
• Such an integral foam is characterized in that the density increases in the direction of the closed surface.
• the closed surface prevents the penetration of dirt and liquids into the covering material and thus prevents the weight of this covering material from being changed.
• the vibration behavior or sound damping behavior of the covering material being impaired by external disturbing influences.
• the density increase can change the vibration or sound damping behavior over the cross-section of the covering material, so that a wider spectrum of frequencies can be covered. It is thus also a non-positive and / or positive connection with the concrete sleeper possible.
• the at least approximately channel-like recesses in the region of the first surface ie the surface over which the connection to the concrete component is produced, can have an undercut thus produced a positive connection.
• these channel sections may have a length selected from a range with a lower limit of 35% and an upper limit of 65% of the total length of the channel-like recesses forming those channel sections, in particular a length that is selected from a range with a lower limit of 40% and an upper limit of 60% of the total length.
• the at least approximately channel-like recesses or elevations may be formed in the manner of a tube profile extending at least approximately parallel to the surface.
• the inflow of the concrete material is increased and the degree of filling of the channels is increased, on the other hand, in the embodiment "elevation”, a kind of loop formation or positive connection is achieved, so that the poured concrete material covers large areas in the area of these channel sections
• a further improvement of the connection system, ie the pull-out strength of the covering material, is achieved with this variant embodiment.
• At least some of the at least approximately channel-like recesses or elevations may have a different height from the further at least approximately channel-like recesses or elevations of the covering material, whereby venting during the introduction of the concrete material onto this covering material is facilitated.
• a second, the first surface opposite surface of the layer is also formed with a surface structuring, so on this further surface another concrete component can be connected to this covering material, and thus the covering material as a buffer between these two concrete components can work.
• this lining material has a density gradient with increasing density in the layer interior of the covering material.
• the at least approximately channel-like recesses or elevations may also be arranged distributed in a zigzag-shaped and / or arcuate or wave-shaped manner over a first and / or second surface in addition to a linear design at right angles to an outer side edge ,
• a kind of checkerboard pattern can be formed between the elevations and the channel sections, in that the channel sections run at least approximately at right angles to the elevations.
• the channel sections have a relative to the surveys history, which is different from 90 °, eg selected from a range with a lower limit of 10 ° and an upper limit of 85 °, in particular from a range with a lower limit of 20 ° and an upper limit of 75 °, for example selected from a Range with a lower limit of 30 ° and an upper limit of 65 °. It can thus be varied according to the distribution of forces in the connection area covering material / concrete component.
• elevations and / or recesses may just aur rub these bounding sidewalls.
• at least individual, preferably all, of these side walls are cambered.
• the at least approximately channel-like recesses or projections may have a round, oval, mushroom-like, T-shaped, triangular, have quadrangular or polygonal cross-section.
• the covering material may be formed of an elastomer or a thermoplastic. It is thus a corresponding adaptability for a variety of uses of the covering material possible.
• the elastomer may be selected from a group comprising natural rubber (NR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM), butadiene rubber (BR), nitrile rubber (NBR), chloroprene rubber. Rubber (CR), chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSM) and polyurethane (PUR) as well as blends or mixtures thereof.
• NR natural rubber
• SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
• EPDM ethylene-propylene-diene rubber
• BR butadiene rubber
• NBR nitrile rubber
• chloroprene rubber Rubber
• Rubber (CR) chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSM) and polyurethane (PUR)
• NR natural rubber
• SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
• EPDM ethylene-propylene-diene rubber
• BR butadiene rubber
• NBR nitrile
• mixtures or blends of natural rubber and / or styrene-butadiene rubber and / or ethylene-propylene-diene rubber and / or butadiene rubber and / or nitrile rubber and / or chloroprene rubber and / or chlorosulfonier polyethylene and / or polyurethane with natural rubber and / or styrene-butadiene rubber and / or ethylene-propylene-diene rubber and / or butadiene rubber and / or the nitrile rubber and / or chloroprene rubber and / or chlorosulfonated polyethylene and / or polyurethane.
• the covering material i. its main body can also be formed of a thermoplastic material, for example, polyethylene (PE), ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (PE-UHMW), polypropylene (PP), an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), a
• PE polyethylene
• PE-UHMW ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene
• PP polypropylene
• EVA ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer
• thermoplastic elastomer TPE
• PA polyamide
• PVC polyvinyl chloride
• PET polyethylene terephthalate
• PUR polyurethane
• PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
• TPE thermoplastic elastomer
• the main body can be a solid material or foamed, for example an EPDM foam. It is further possible that the base body is provided with a reinforcement or reinforcement, for example of a metallic material, such as steel, brass, or the like, and / or a fiber material, in particular in the form of short fibers having a fiber length, the for example, is selected from a range with a lower limit of 5 mm and an upper limit of 50 mm.
• the fibers eg staple fibers, may be selected from a group comprising textile, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polyacrylic nitrile and polyester fibers, mixtures of these types of fibers are possible.
• the fibers can furthermore be distributed at least approximately homogeneously in the base body or it is possible to carry out the distribution in the form of a gradient.
• the reinforcement may further be flat, rod-shaped or grid-shaped.
• the covering material may have at least one chamber forming a cavity, as a result of which the vibration and / or sound damping behavior of the covering material can be influenced in a controlled manner. In addition, the compressibility of this covering material can also be influenced.
• the chamber may be open or closed.
• the chamber is at least partially filled with at least one filler material, for example, forming a so-called "spring-mass system”.
• the cavity may be open at the end face (s).
• the fillers may be selected from a group comprising granules, knits, powders, pastes and / or mixtures thereof.
• the layer of paving material may have a layer thickness selected from a range having a lower limit of 2 mm and an upper limit of 50 mm.
• this layer thickness may be selected from a range with a lower limit of 5 mm and an upper limit of 40 mm, preferably a range with a lower limit of 3 mm and an upper limit of 20 mm. It can thus a corresponding damping behavior, in particular S challdämpfungs behavior of this layer can be achieved.
• the layer itself may be formed in one piece, with corresponding advantages with regard to the production of the covering material, or it is possible for this basic body to be connected to one another.
• At least one further layer for example a cover layer, is connected, which in comparison to the layer has different properties, so that, for example, the formation of a "spring-mass system" can be achieved for sound damping purposes, thus enabling the lining material to have better resistance to abrasion or can be given to the Schwellenbesohlung with this layer sliding properties.
• the outwardly facing surface of the layer may be made smooth or closed, and it is also possible that this surface also has a surface structuring, e.g. in the form of elevations or recesses or pores.
• the surface facing the base body of the covering material prefferably be smooth or formed with one or the surface structurings.
• the further layer is softer in comparison to the first layer, so that the connection with the concrete component takes place via the hard layer of the covering material and this connection is more durable in comparison to soft elastic layers, in particular since the surface structuring by the inflowing concrete is not compressed, and can be influenced by the soft layer, the sound damping behavior accordingly.
• this further layer is formed by a further polymer, in particular a further elastomer, preferably selected from the abovementioned elastomers (NR, SBR, EPDM, BR, CR, CSM, PUR), or can these also by be formed a fiber material.
• a further polymer in particular a further elastomer, preferably selected from the abovementioned elastomers (NR, SBR, EPDM, BR, CR, CSM, PUR), or can these also by be formed a fiber material.
• the fiber material can be formed by a knitted fabric in the form of a fleece or felt or by a fabric or a cord. It can thus be achieved a good connection and adhesion of this further layer to the / the first (n) layer, ie the base body of the covering material, for example, in turn by mechanically anchoring the fibers of the further layer in the first layer, for example by the first layer the further layer is extruded, so that therefore these fibers can penetrate into the still soft material of the first layer or, in the flowable state of the material for the first layer, they can run into tissue interspaces.
• the fiber material comprises fibers which are selected from a group comprising polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polyacrylonitrile and polyester fibers, wherein also here In turn, mixtures of these types of fibers are possible.
• fibers which are selected from a group comprising polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polyacrylonitrile and polyester fibers, wherein also here In turn, mixtures of these types of fibers are possible.
• mixed fiber materials are possible which comprise approximately 50% polyethylene and approximately 50% polyamide or polyester fibers in order, for example, to influence the temperature behavior of this fiber material.
• compositions other than this 50/50 composition are possible.
• This further layer can also be formed from a thermoplastic material, for example polyethylene (PE), ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (PE-UHMW), polypropylene (PP), an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), a polyamide (PA), polyvinyl chloride ( PVC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), a polyurethane (PUR), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE).
• PE polyethylene
• PE-UHMW polypropylene
• EVA ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer
• PA polyamide
• PVC polyvinyl chloride
• PET polyethylene terephthalate
• PUR polyurethane
• PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
• TPE thermoplastic elastomer
• This at least one layer can be a solid material or foamed.
• the covering material may have at least one, preferably a plurality of recesses penetrating this layer (s).
• the at least approximately channel-like and / or pore-shaped recesses or at least approximately channel-like protrusions extend over a portion of the surface or surfaces selected from a range with a lower limit of 20% and an upper limit of 80%, based on the entire extent of the surface.
• this portion may be selected from a range having a lower limit of 30% and an upper limit of 70%, preferably with a lower limit of 40% and an upper limit of 60%.
• the covering material may have a static bedding module according to DIN 45673-1 (rigidity per area), which is selected from a range with one, at least in this connection area lower limit of 0.01 N / mm 3 and an upper limit of 0.5 N / mm 3 .
• the ballast module may be selected from a range with a lower limit of 0.05 N / mm 3 and an upper limit of 0.3 N / mm 3 , for example selected from a range with a lower limit of 0.08 N / mm 3 and an upper limit of 0.25 N / mm 3 .
• the covering material may have a groove in a first edge region and a spring in a second edge region in order to be able to cover a larger surface area continuously with the covering material.
• the covering material may have a cambered surface for forming a ventilation system for the enclosed during concreting air.
• a formwork is used, which is provided in the region of the bottom with vents, as this in turn facilitates the escape of the trapped during the inflow of the concrete into the formwork air or is improved and thus the continuity of the properties of the concrete component can be improved.
• FIG. 1 shows a composite system in cross section, consisting of the covering material and a concrete component connected thereto;
• FIG. 2 shows a variant embodiment of the composite system according to FIG. 1 in cross section
• FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment variant of the composite system according to FIG. 1 in cross section
• FIG. 4 shows a first embodiment variant of the covering material in an oblique view
• FIG. 5 is a plan view of a covering material with a schematic hint of surface structures distributed over the surface of the covering material
• Fig. 6 shows a variant embodiment of Fig. 5
• FIG. 7 shows a variant embodiment of FIG. 5;
• FIG. 9 shows a composite system consisting of a covering material and two concrete components arranged thereon in cross-section
• Fig. 10 shows the formation of the composite system as Schwellenhleohlung
• 11 shows a composite system consisting of two interconnected via the covering material thresholds
• 14 shows a covering material with embedded chambers in cross section; 15 is a multi-part formed covering material in cross section.
• FIG. 16 shows a covering material in the form of a foam in cross section
• FIG. 17 shows an embodiment variant of the covering material consisting of a foam layer with surface structuring in cross section.
• FIG. 18 shows an embodiment variant of a covering material
• FIG. 19 shows the covering material according to FIG. 18 cut in plan view along the line 18--18 in FIG. 18;
• FIG. 20 an embodiment variant of the covering material in plan view with inclined channel-like recesses
• 21 shows a variant of a covering material in side view with cambered side surfaces of the web-like elevations
• FIG. 22 shows an embodiment variant of a covering material in a front view with a cambered surface
• FIG. 23 shows an embodiment variant of a covering material in a front view with a cambered surface
• FIG. 24 shows an embodiment variant of a covering material in a front view with a wavy surface
• Fig. 25 shows an embodiment variant of a covering material in front view with a groove / spring
• FIG. 1 shows a composite system 1 comprising a covering material 2 and a concrete component 3.
• the covering material 2 has a surface structuring 5 on a first surface 4 facing the concrete component 3.
• This covering material 2 is connected to the concrete component 3 via this surface 4 as well as the surface structure 5, in particular connected in a form-locking and / or force-locking manner.
• the surface structuring 5 is formed in this embodiment variant of the composite system 1 in the form of channel-like elevations 6, which project beyond the surface 4.
• the surface structures 5 are - viewed in cross-section - formed like a loop, so that channels 7 arise. These channels 7 are at least largely filled with the concrete of the concrete component 3, whereby a mechanical anchoring of the covering material 2 to the concrete component 3 takes place.
• this consists of the covering material 2 and the concrete component 3.
• the latter is made larger compared to the concrete component 3 of FIG. 1, as the covering material 2, which should be clarified that it is in the frame the invention is not absolutely necessary that the covering material 2 and the concrete component 3 - viewed in cross section - must have the same dimensions in terms of their height or width. Rather, any configured concrete components 3 be connected to the covering material 2, as well as Fig. 3 is intended to represent.
• connection surface between the covering material 2 and the concrete component 3 is flat, as well as this may be curved, polygonal, etc.
• the surface structuring 5 is in this embodiment as at least approximately channel-like recesses 8, that is, depressions in the covering material 2, that is, in a layer forming this 9 as a base body of the covering material 2, is formed.
• the cross-section of these at least approximately channel-like recesses 8 is formed substantially rectangular, wherein in the region of the surface 4 of the covering material 2 undercuts 10 are formed so that the cross-section of these channel-like recesses 8 in the direction of the core 11 of the layer 9 in the near-surface region widens ,
• the channel-like recesses 8 extend in this embodiment variant of the composite system 1 at least approximately parallel with respect to their longitudinal extent to the surface 4 of the covering material. This course can also be formed in all other variants of the invention.
• the surface structuring 5 is also in the form of at least approximately channel-like recesses 8, wherein, in contrast to the embodiment of FIG.
• These recesses 8 can have different cross sections, for example round, oval, quadrangular, rectangular or polygonal, etc.
• the composite system 1 is suitable for a wide variety of applications.
• the lining of, for example, water pipes with such covering systems is conceivable, so that these water pipes can be used over a longer period of time. This also applies to water tanks.
• the concrete components 3 eg as noise protection walls or as protective walls in general, whereby the traffic-facing surface of these protective walls can be provided with the covering material 2 in order to have a certain protection in the event of a collision of a passenger car In order to mitigate the consequences of this impact.
• the covering material 2 is offset relative to the concrete component 3 by a certain length, so that an overlap region is formed which can be formed overlapping with another concrete component, so that butt joints of the concrete components 3 covered by the covering material 2 become.
• This offset can on the one hand be linear but also two-dimensional.
• threshold solders of concrete sleepers are also possible, these concrete sleepers being able to be designed as simple sleepers, as frame sleepers, ear cuffs, U-sleepers, etc.
• the channel-like recesses 7 may be provided with a bead 12 at its end, which projects into the concrete member 3, in turn to form a kind of undercut and the adhesion of the concrete to the covering material 2 increase.
• This bead 12 may have any cross section. In the context of the invention it is also possible to provide such beads 12 in other embodiments variants.
• FIG. 4 shows an embodiment variant of the covering material 2 in comparison to the covering material 2 according to FIG. 1.
• the at least approximately channel-like elevations 6, which - viewed in cross section - again loop-shaped, are not formed as continuous channels 7, but they are severed at predeterminable intervals to form channel sections 13. These again project beyond the surface 4 of the covering material 2.
• channel sections 13 may be formed lying side by side in series or, as shown in Fig. 4, be arranged offset from each other within two adjacent rows.
• FIGS. 5 to 7 show possible distributions of the at least approximately channel-like elevations 6 or recesses 8 over the surface 4 of the covering material 2.
• these recesses 8 or elevations 6 zigzag-shaped, or as shown in FIG. 6, arrow-like, or as shown in FIG. 7, in a mixture linearly and arcuately over this surface 4 of the covering material 2 be arranged.
• FIG. 8 shows a cross section through a covering material 2, which as a surface structuring 5 shows the most varied examples of possible cross sections for the at least approximately channel-like elevations 6.
• these elevations 6 viewed in cross section be at least approximately square and / or at least approximately trapezoidal or at least approximately oval and / or at least approximately circular and / or at least approximately T-shaped and / or polygonal such as at least approximately octagonal shape, so that in its interior, the already mentioned channel 7 is located ,
• cross sections or examples of such cross sections of channels 7 can be used both for continuous elevations 6, that is, on the surface 4 without interruption extending bumps 6 and for the channel sections 13 of FIG. 4.
• a second surface 14 of the covering material 2 with such at least approximately channel-like elevations 6.
• FIG. 9 shows a possible application of the covering material 2, in which a concrete component 3 or a concrete component 15 is arranged both on the first surface 4 and on the second surface 14 and over the surface structuring formed in this case as at least channel-like elevations 6 5 are connected to the covering material 2.
• the covering material may e.g. act as a buffer between these two concrete components 3, 15 or can simultaneously act to prevent or reduce structure-borne noise transmission.
• Fig. 10 shows an application of the covering material 2, in which the concrete component 3 as Concrete threshold is formed and thus the covering material 2 forms a so-called threshold soles, in order to reduce possible ballast pressures through the wheel loads on the concrete sleeper on the ballast bed.
• a track 16 Schematically indicated in this figure is a track 16, which is arranged on the top of the concrete sleeper designed as a concrete element 3.
• FIG. 11 likewise shows the case of use concrete sleepers, although in this embodiment variant the covering material 2 according to the embodiment according to FIG. 11
• the cross sections of the at least approximately channel-like recesses 8 over the course of the surface 4 of the covering material 2 may be formed varying or these cross sections of the recesses 8 may also change completely.
• the elevations 6 are arranged in this embodiment variant over the surface 4 that they partially overlap with the recesses 8, so that they thus represent a kind of undercut 10 of the recesses 8 and thus contribute to a better anchorage rank of the concrete in the covering material 2 ,
• the elevations 6 are channel-like, as shown at some of the elevations in Figs. 12 and 13 by suggesting the channels 7.
• elevations 6 can again be designed as sections.
• elevations 6, as already described above, may also have a different height above the surface 4.
• dashed lines indicate that the covering material 2 has at least one, preferably a plurality (also more than two, as shown in FIG. 12), continuous recesses 17 which extend from the first surface 4 to the second surface 14 extend, so as to achieve a ventilation system for trapped during concreting of the concrete component 3 air through the covering material 2.
• These recesses 17 may be formed extending below the at least channel-like recesses 8 starting in the direction of the second surface 14, as well as these channel-like recesses 17 - as indicated in Fig. 13 - extend through the elevations 6.
• the layer 9 of the covering material 2 has at least one, preferably a plurality of chambers 18.
• These chambers 18 can, as shown in Fig. 14, are arranged in the core center, as well as an acentric - viewed in cross section - arrangement thereof within the layer 9 is possible.
• these chambers 18 a corresponding variance of the compressibility of the layer 9 or of the covering material 2 and thus also a variance of the vibration behavior is achieved. As already mentioned above, these chambers 18 may also be partially filled.
• the covering material 2 is preferably produced in one piece, since this considerably simplifies the production in comparison to corresponding covering materials according to the prior art, it is also possible within the scope of the invention to use a plurality of parts of this covering material 2, as indicated in FIG. 15 form, for example, at the bottom, ie the further surface 14 of the covering material 2, so the surface structuring 5 opposite to arrange another layer 19.
• This further layer 19 may likewise be an elastomer layer, this preferably having different properties to the layer 9 of this covering material 2, it is also possible to form this layer 19 in the form of a thermoplastic material or a fiber material, such as a knitted fabric or a fabric, such as this is indicated in Fig. 15 by arrangement of fibers 20. Through these fibers 20 is a mechanical connection between the
• Layer 9 and the further layer 19 are possible by at least some of these fibers 20 partially projecting into the layer 9 of the covering material 2.
• FIG. 16 shows a variant in which the covering material 2 is designed in the form of an integral foam according to the above explanations, so that therefore the recesses 8 of the preceding examples are formed by pores 21 on the surface 4. These pores 21 may be formed widening in the direction of the core 11 of the layer 9 of the covering material 2, so that in turn creates a kind of undercut.
• the integral foam can be formed for example by a PUR or EPDM foam.
• the base body of the covering material 2 so the layer 9, by a "normal" foam, so no integral foam is formed.
• 17 shows a combination of integral foam with arranged on the surface 4, at least approximately channel-like elevations 6 of the covering material. 2
• channel-like recesses 8 already described can also be arranged again in these exemplary embodiments.
• FIGS. 18 and 19 show a variant of the covering material 2, which on the one hand has web-like elevations 6 and, on the other hand, in these elevations 6 the at least approximately channel-like recesses 8 to form the channels 7, wherein the recesses 8 in FIG the channel sections 13 are divided, so the channels 7 do not extend through.
• the elevations 6 are distributed asymmetrically over the surface 4 of the covering material 2, as can be seen from FIG. 19, wherein two elevations 6 each form a group which are arranged at a first distance 22 from one another, and a second distance 23 between the groups is formed, which is greater than the first distance 22nd
• more than two bumps 6 form a group, e.g. Three or four, and it is also possible that the distances of the surveys 6 within a more than two surveys 6 having group are also different.
• the groups of elevations 6 can also be arranged at completely irregular intervals from one another.
• the concrete can penetrate due to the small distances between the elevations 6 of a group at different speeds in the interstices of the elevations 6 and in the channels 7 of the recesses 8, wherein the smaller distances 22 between the elevations 6 of a group later and / or slower filled with concrete , whereby a venting system for the escape of trapped air during concreting is achieved.
• a width 24 of the web-shaped elevations 6 may be selected from a range with a lower limit of 1 mm and an upper limit of 10 mm, in particular be selected from a range with a lower limit of 2 mm and an upper limit of 7 mm.
• the distance 22 between the bumps 6 of a group can be selected from a range with a lower limit of 0.5 mm and an upper limit of 10 mm, in particular selected from a range with a lower limit of 1 mm and an upper limit of 3 mm.
• the distance 23 between the groups of protrusions 6 may be selected from a range with a lower limit of 2 mm and an upper limit of 20 mm, in particular selected from a range with a lower limit of 3 mm and an upper limit of 7 mm , Distances greater than 20 mm reduce the adhesive surfaces to the concrete, which may decrease the adhesive strength of the adhesive system.
• the distances 22 and 23 can be made for example by appropriate shapes or by subsequent milling of the full material.
• the recess 8, i. Channels 7 can be produced by subsequent drilling or milling of the elevations 6 or preferably by a correspondingly shaped nozzle of an extrusion tool.
• a through the channels 7 cut plan view of a covering material 2 shows that the channels 7 are arranged in a different angle to the elevations 6 to 90 °.
• the angle may be selected from a range with a lower limit of 10 ° and an upper limit of 85 °.
• Fig. 21 shows a covering material 2 in side view with elevations 6 which have side walls 25 which have a crowning, whereby the frictional connection to the concrete is improved.
• the radius of the crowning may be selected from a range with a lower limit of 1000 mm and an upper limit of 10000 mm.
• the elevations 5 recess 8 (not shown).
• two elevations can form a group in this variant, although a symmetrical design of the elevations 6 without grouping is possible, so that, for example, a survey 6 may have two cambered side surfaces 25.
• the crowning can also be formed only on one of two side surfaces 6, for example, only the respective right or left side wall 6, or can also be formed hybrids in which, for example, each two adjacent side walls 25 a crown and the adjoining side walls are currently running. It is also possible to provide different crowning radii both within a crowning and between bombings of two elevations 6.
• the execution of the covering material 2 of FIG. 22 - shown in front view - has a crowning, but in the surface 4, which comes to the concrete threshold to the plant. This also achieves better ventilation for the air enclosed during concreting.
• the at least approximately channel-like recesses 8 in this case have a different diameter, which is greater in the case of the centrally arranged channels 7 than in the case of the peripheral edges. dig formed channels 7. There are also more than two mutually different diameters of the channels 7 possible.
• the channels 7 in the embodiment of the covering material 2 of FIG. 23 have the same diameter, but the channels are not arranged at least linearly as shown in FIG. 22, but follow the course of an arc.
• FIG. 24 shows a covering material 2 in a front view which, as an example of a possible surface modification, has a wavy profile viewed in cross-section, thereby providing a larger surface for connecting the concrete, in addition to the at least approximately channel-like recesses 8.
• the lining materials 2 according to FIGS. 22 to 24 can likewise be provided with elevations 6 (not illustrated), as has been described with reference to FIGS. 18 to 21.
• Fig. 25 shows a variant of the invention, with which it is possible to provide larger widths of concrete surfaces over the entire surface with the covering material 2.
• the covering material 2 has a groove 27 on a first edge region 26 and a spring 29 on a second edge region 28 lying opposite the first edge region. In this way, several covering materials 2 can be connected to each other via the groove 27 - spring 29 - connection to a larger area element.
• a covering material 2 each have 2 grooves 27 and another covering material 2 has two springs 29, but the asymmetrical training with groove 27 and spring 29 is preferred because only one form or ( Extrusion) nozzle is necessary.
• the groove 27 and the spring 29 may be formed over the entire longitudinal extent of the covering material 2.
• this covering material 2 can preferably be carried out by a continuous process. Examples of these are pressing methods, injection molding methods, extrusion methods or automatic vulcanization methods. Since these methods have already been sufficiently described in the prior art, reference should be made at this point to the relevant literature, for example Röthemayer / Sommer; Rubber Technology Materials - Processing - Products; Hanser, 2001, especially chapters 10 to 12.
• the production of the composite system 1 can now take place in such a way that, for example, a corresponding formwork is made available for the embodiment variant threshold, which gives the threshold the external dimensions.
• the covering material 2 is inserted and then poured into the liquid concrete mass and cured.
• the viscosity of the concrete mass should be adjusted so that it is ensured with sufficient certainty that the concrete flows into the recesses 8 and 7 channels. A shaking of the introduced concrete for compression and expelling trapped air is possible.
• the covering material 2 with the ventilation openings i. e.g. Recesses 17, or ventilation systems - as described above - is equipped and if the bottom of the formwork may also have vents.

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• 2007
  • 2007-04-06 AT AT5462007A patent/AT505180B1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2008
  • 2008-04-07 PL PL08733227T patent/PL2147158T3/pl unknown
  • 2008-04-07 PT PT87332276T patent/PT2147158T/pt unknown
  • 2008-04-07 HU HUE08733227A patent/HUE029372T2/en unknown
  • 2008-04-07 ES ES08733227.6T patent/ES2587011T3/es active Active
  • 2008-04-07 EP EP08733227.6A patent/EP2147158B1/de active Active
  • 2008-04-07 WO PCT/AT2008/000124 patent/WO2008122065A1/de active Application Filing
• 2016
  • 2016-07-22 HR HRP20160933TT patent/HRP20160933T1/hr unknown

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