WO2008107371A2 - Zur antistatikausrüstung und verbesserung der elektrischen leitfähigkeit von unbelebtem organischen material geeignete additivformulierung - Google Patents
Zur antistatikausrüstung und verbesserung der elektrischen leitfähigkeit von unbelebtem organischen material geeignete additivformulierung Download PDFInfo
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- WO2008107371A2 WO2008107371A2 PCT/EP2008/052451 EP2008052451W WO2008107371A2 WO 2008107371 A2 WO2008107371 A2 WO 2008107371A2 EP 2008052451 W EP2008052451 W EP 2008052451W WO 2008107371 A2 WO2008107371 A2 WO 2008107371A2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/12—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances organic substances
- H01B1/124—Intrinsically conductive polymers
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- C08G75/20—Polysulfones
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- C10M157/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more macromolecular compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M143/00 - C10M155/00, each of these compounds being essential
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a new and improved additive formulation useful in antistatic equipment and in improving the electrical conductivity of inanimate organic material and in preventing electrostatic charge in chemical and physical processes. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of this additive formulation. Furthermore, the present invention relates to the use of this additive formulation and herewith antistatically finished inanimate organic material. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of olefin-sulfur dioxide copolymers with low residual olefin content, which can be used advantageously as a component in this additive formulation.
- Inanimate organic material such as a fuel
- a fuel is usually a very poor conductor of electricity. Therefore, electric charges tend to accumulate locally in such organic material and discharge uncontrollably as sparks, which can lead to explosions or fires upon contact of this organic material, which is usually combustible and often highly flammable, with air or oxygen.
- the electrical conductivity of inanimate organic material can be increased, so that static charges can no longer form and the risk of explosions and fires is reduced.
- US Pat. No. 3,917,466 (1) discloses additive formulations for the antistatic treatment and improvement of the electrical conductivity which consist of olefin-sulfur dioxide copolymers, polymeric polyamines which are obtained by reacting epichlorohydrin with aliphatic monoamines or polyamines, for example N-tallow fat , 3-diamino-propane, are available, oil-soluble sulfonic acids and low-boiling solvents such as toluene and / or isopropanol.
- US Pat. No. 4,416,668 (2) describes mixtures of ⁇ -olefin-maleimide copolymers and olefin-sulfur dioxide copolymers as antistatic agents for organic liquids such as fuels. These mixtures may contain solvents such as benzene, toluene or xylene.
- the effect of the antistatic agents described in the prior art is not yet satisfactory. There is a need for an even more effective and sustainable increase in electrical conductivity in inanimate organic material. Furthermore, the antistatic agents should have an even higher thermal stability. For toxicity and environmental reasons, they should be as free of metal and halogen as possible. Last but not least, they should have as high a flashpoint as possible so that they Position, their transport and storage before their use in inanimate organic material safely, ie without risk of explosion and fire, can be handled.
- component (B) 1 to 50% by weight of a compound containing one or more basic nitrogen atoms which contains at least one longer-chain linear or branched hydrocarbon radical having at least 4 carbon atoms or an equivalent structural element which determines the solubility of component (B) in the inanimate organic material guaranteed,
- the additive formulation according to the invention can contain further ingredients as secondary components and / or non-interfering impurities, usually up to 10% by weight, in particular up to 5% by weight, in particular up to 2% by weight, for the most part of the preparation.
- the additive formulation according to the invention consists essentially of (A) 10 to 30% by weight, in particular 13 to 25% by weight, of component (A),
- component (B) 10 to 30% by weight, in particular 13 to 25% by weight, of component (B),
- (D) 40 to 78 wt .-%, in particular 50 to 70 wt .-%, of the component (D).
- the additive formulation according to the invention described represents a concentrate of the actual active components (A), (B) and (C) in high-boiling organic solvent (D), which is best suited for the safe transport and safe storage of the goods.
- Component (A) is preferably a copolymer of sulfur dioxide with one or more linear or branched 1-olefins having 2 to 24 carbon atoms.
- the copolymers (polysulfones) of component (A) are alternating 1: 1 copolymers in which a sulfone unit generally follows an olefin unit; In small amounts, sequences of two or more olefin units can also occur.
- a portion of the olefin monomers may be replaced by ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids (eg, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid or vinylacetic acid) or ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids (eg, maleic or fumaric acid) or derivatives thereof (eg, maleic anhydride) such that the copolymer of component (A) is selected from, in particular, 50 mol -% of sulfur ioxide or. Sulfone units, 40 to 50 mol% of olefin units and 0 to 10 mol% of units from said ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof is constructed.
- carboxylic acids eg, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid or vinylacetic acid
- ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids eg, maleic or fumaric acid
- derivatives thereof eg, male
- 1-olefins having 2 to 24 carbon atoms for the preparation of component (A) are, for example, ethene, propene, 1-butene, 2-butene, isobutene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-heptene, 1- Octene, 1-nonene, 1-decene, 1-undecene, 1-dodecene, 1-tridecene, 1-tetradecene, 1-pentadecene, 1-hexadecene, 1-heptadecene, 1-octadecene, 1-nonadecene, 1-eicosene, 1-heneicoses, 1-docoses, 1-tricosene, 1-tetracoses or mixtures thereof into consideration.
- component (A) for example mixtures of 1-olefins having 6 to 13 carbon atoms and 1-olefin
- the number of carbon atoms in the abovementioned ranges refers to the average number of carbon atoms of these mixtures, the average number of carbon atoms being the sum of the mathematical products consisting of weight fraction and associated carbon atom number of all present in the mixture Represents olefins.
- the olefin-sulfur dioxide copolymer of component (A) typically has a number average molecular weight M n of from 2,000 to 1,000,000, especially from 4,000 to 100,000, especially from 6,000 to 25,000.
- the preparation of the olefin-sulfur dioxide copolymers by a suitable free radical polymerization process in the temperature range of 0 to 50 0 C, recommended as a solvent to be mentioned benzene, toluene or xylene; It is worked with a small molar excess of sulfur dioxide (maximum of 1.5 times the molar amount); Radical starters such as peroxides or azo compounds and the additional irradiation with actinic light are recommended.
- the olefin-sulfur dioxide copolymers can be prepared by emulsion polymerization in an aqueous medium.
- a process for the preparation of olefin-sulfur dioxide copolymers which is less than 15 mol%, preferably less than 10 mol%, in particular less than 7 mol%, especially less than 5 mol% , not in the copolymerization with the sulfur dioxide reacted olefin contained, found, which is characterized in that the sulfur dioxide in an at least 1, 4-fold molar excess, in particular 1, 6-fold molar excess, and the polymerization in a high-boiling inert organic solvent which consists of one or more types of molecules, wherein at least 50 wt .-% of these molecular species have more than 8 carbon atoms.
- the sulfur dioxide is preferably employed in an at least 1.8 times molar excess, in particular in a molar excess of from 1.8 to 2.5 times, and carries out the polymerization in a high-boiling inert organic solvent which consists of one or more Molecule types, wherein at least 80 wt .-% of these types of molecules have 9 to 30 carbon atoms.
- a high-boiling organic solvent in particular a high-boiling aromatic hydrocarbon having 9 to 30 carbon atoms or a mixture of such high-boiling aromatic hydrocarbons, as defined for the present invention as component (D).
- the reaction is carried out at 10 to 40 0 C, in particular at 15 to 29 ° C, over a period of 0.5 to 24 hours.
- a further process for the preparation of olefin-sulfur dioxide copolymers which was less than 15 mol%, preferably less than 10 mol%, in particular less than 7 mol%, especially less than 5 mol% %, not contained in the copolymerization with the sulfur dioxide reacted olefin, found, which is characterized in that one uses the sulfur dioxide in an at least 1, 1-fold molar excess and the polymerization at 15 to 38 ° C, in particular at 20 to 30 0 C, under autogenous pressure.
- the sulfur dioxide is preferably used in an at least 1.4 molar excess, in particular in an at least 1.6-fold molar excess, especially in an at least 1.8-fold molar excess, more preferably in a 1.8-molar excess. to 2.5 times or a 1. 4 to 2.5-fold molar excess, and performs the polymerization in a high-boiling inert organic solvent consisting of one or more molecular species, wherein at least 80 wt .-% of these Molecule types have from 9 to 30 carbon atoms.
- component (D) it is also advantageous to use a high-boiling organic solvent, in particular a high-boiling aromatic hydrocarbon having 9 to 30 carbon atoms, or a mixture of such high-boiling aromatic hydrocarbons as defined for the present invention as component (D).
- a high-boiling organic solvent in particular a high-boiling aromatic hydrocarbon having 9 to 30 carbon atoms, or a mixture of such high-boiling aromatic hydrocarbons as defined for the present invention.
- the polymerization is carried out in a first stage over a period of 0.5 to 5 hours at 30 to 38 ° C under autogenous pressure and then in a second stage over a period of time from 1 to 5 hours at 20 to 29 ° C under autogenous pressure.
- the alternative practice of the former or latter method of making olefin-sulfur dioxide copolymers is sufficient to achieve the desired process improvement, particularly with regard to increasing the flash point of the resulting antistatic additive formulation.
- a high-boiling inert organic solvent which consists of one or more types of molecules, wherein at least 50 wt .-% of these Molecule species have more than 8 carbon atoms, and perform at 15 to 38 ° C under autogenous pressure.
- the alternatives mentioned can be dispensed with the irradiation with actinic light, which would be carried out, especially
- the described polymerization of sulfur dioxide with the olefin usually proceeds according to a radical mechanism.
- a radical polymerization is carried out by the usual methods.
- the usual radical initiators are used, in particular those based on peroxides or azo compounds, for example di-tert-butyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroxypivalate or azobisisobutyronitrile.
- regulators for controlling the molecular weight to be achieved for example mercaptans such as dodecylmercaptan.
- the compound of component (B) containing one or more basic nitrogen atoms must be soluble, at least however homogeneously distributable, in the inanimate organic material to be treated with the additive formulation according to the invention.
- Component (B) is also a polymer in many cases. It has at least one longer-chain branched or in particular linear hydrocarbon radical having at least 4, preferably at least 8, in particular at least 12, especially having 12 to 30 carbon atoms, unless an equivalent structural element ensures the solubility in the inanimate organic material.
- the compound of component (B) preferably contains no free hydroxyl groups, because under certain circumstances these could impair the effectiveness of the additive formulation according to the invention.
- said long-chain branched or linear hydrocarbon radical can be attached to the or one of the basic nitrogen atoms or to a carbon atom, in the case of polymeric structures, in particular to a carbon atom of the polymer main chain.
- Typical long-chain branched or linear hydrocarbon radicals are, for example, linear alkyl radicals, as occur in fatty acids, and polyisobutyl radicals, in particular those having 20 to 150, especially 35 to 100 carbon atoms.
- Suitable oligomeric or polymeric structural types for the component (B) with such long-chain hydrocarbon radicals are, for example, reaction products of oligoethyleneamines or oligoethyleneimines with alkyl halides, polyethyleneimines with polyisobutenylsuccinic anhydrides, ethylene-vinylacetate-amino (meth) acrylate terpolymers and in particular with amines or polyamines derivatized-catalyzed Olefin-maleic anhydride copolymers, especially ⁇ -olefin-maleimide copolymers having at least one basic nitrogen atom.
- a typical example of a reaction product of a Oligoethylenamins with an alkyl halide is the comb-like reaction product of Decaethylenun- decamin and a multiple molar excess of n-hexadecyl chloride.
- Suitable non-polymeric structural types for the component (B) with such longer-chain hydrocarbon radicals are, for example, trialkylammonium fatty acid salts, e.g. Trialkylammonium oleates, and polyisobutenyl succinimides.
- Suitable structural types for component (B) without longer-chain hydrocarbon radicals are, for example, polyethyleneimines and polyvinylamines in which the special, usually crosslinked polymer backbone provides the desired solubility properties.
- these ⁇ -olefin-maleimide copolymers are obtainable by radical polymerization of one or more linear or branched ⁇ -olefins having 6 to 50 carbon atoms with maleic anhydride and subsequent reaction with one or more aliphatic polyamines.
- the ⁇ -olefin-maleic anhydride copolymers and the ⁇ -olefin-maleimide copolymers prepared therefrom are usually 1: 1 alternating copolymers in the main polymer chain in which a maleic acid unit always follows an ⁇ -olefin unit.
- the longer-chain branched or linear hydrocarbon radicals usually form comb structures.
- linear 1-olefins having 6 to 50 carbon atoms for the preparation of the ⁇ -olefin-maleimide copolymers of component (B) are, for example, 1-hexene, 1-heptene, 1-octene, 1-nonene, 1-decene, 1-undecene, 1-dodecene, 1-tridecene, 1-tetradecene, 1-pentadecene, 1-hexadecene, 1-heptadecene, 1-octadecene, 1-nonadecene, 1-eicosene, 1-heneicose, 1-docoses, 1-tricosene, 1-tetracoses, 1-triacontene, 1-tetracontene, 1-pentaconten or mixtures thereof into consideration.
- Particularly preferred are linear 1-olefins having 12 to 30, in particular having 16 to 24 carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof.
- the radical polymerization of the 1-olefins with maleic anhydride is carried out by the usual methods.
- the usual free-radical initiators in particular those based on peroxides or azo compounds, for example di-tert-butyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroxypivalate or azobisisobutyronitrile, works in the customary temperature and pressure ranges, for example at 50 to 150 0 C at atmospheric pressure, and carries out the reactions in the usual solvents, for example aromatic hydrocarbons.
- the solvent for example aromatic hydrocarbons.
- the high-boiling organic solvents of component (D) of the present invention Preferably used as the solvent, the high-boiling organic solvents of component (D) of the present invention.
- the resulting ⁇ -olefin-maleic anhydride copolymers are reacted with one or more aliphatic polyamines to give the corresponding imide.
- Polyamines having a primary amino group for imide formation and at least one further primary, secondary or tertiary amino group for the basic nitrogen atom are required.
- shorter-chain diamines such as ethylenediamine, 1,3-propylenediamine, 3- (N, N-dimethylamino) -propylamine (“DMAPA”) or bis [3- (N, N-dimethylamino) propyl] are suitable here.
- bis-DMAPA bis-DMAPA
- long-chain diamines such as N-tallow-fat-1, 3-diaminopropane.
- solvents are used for this imide formation, preference is given to using the high-boiling organic solvents of component (D) of the present invention.
- Typical examples of aliphatic polyamines reacted ⁇ -olefin-maleic anhydride copolymers are the comb-like reaction products of C2o / 24- ⁇ -olefin-maleic anhydride copolymers and 3- (N, N-dimethylamino) propylamine (“DMAPA ”) or bis [3- (N, N-dimethylamino) propyl] amine (" bis-DMAPA ").
- the described ⁇ -olefin-maleimide copolymers having at least one basic nitrogen atom of component (B) typically have a weight-average molecular weight M w of from 500 to 50,000, in particular from 1,000 to 10,000.
- a typical ⁇ -olefin-maleimide copolymer is an N-tallow fat 1,3-diamino-propane imide-reacted ⁇ -olefin-maleic anhydride copolymer having a weight-average molecular weight M w in the range of 1,000 to 10,000.
- the oil-soluble acid of component (C) is preferably an organic sulfonic acid, which advantageously has a longer-chain or more voluminous hydrocarbyl radical, in particular from 6 to 40, especially from 8 to 32, particularly preferably from 10 to 24, carbon atoms in order to achieve oil solubility.
- Suitable hydrocarbyl radicals include linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radicals, for example n-hexyl, n-butyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, 2-propylheptyl, n-undecyl, n-dodecyl, n-tridecyl, iso-tridecyl, n-tetradecyl, n-pentadecyl, n-hexadecyl, n-heptadecyl, n-octadecyl, n-nonadecyl, n-eicosyl, n-heneicosyl, n -docosyl, n- Tricosyl, n-tetracosyl, oleyl, linolyl or linolenyl, cycl
- component (C) are thus n-nonylbenzenesulfonic acid, n-decylbenzenesulfonic acid, n-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, isotridecylbenzenesulfonic acid, n-nonylnaphthylsulfonic acid, di-n-nonylnaphthylsulfonic acid, n-decylnaphthylsulfonic acid, di-n- decylnaphthylsulfonic acid, n-dodecylnaphthylsulfonic acid, di-n-dodecylnaphthylsulfonic acid, iso-tri-decy
- component (C) oil-soluble organic sulfinic acids or organic phosphonic acids which likewise expediently have a longer-chain or more voluminous hydrocarbyl radical, especially one having 6 to 40, especially 8 to 32, especially preferably with 10 to 24 carbon atoms.
- component (D) is not an active component in the additive formulation according to the invention for antistatic treatment and improving the conductivity of inanimate organic material, it supports and enhances it by its interaction with components (A), (B) and ( C) their effect contributes to the thermal stability of the formulation and ensures a high flash point. Furthermore, component (D) also serves for better adjustability of the desired viscosity of the additive formulation according to the invention, which represents an important criterion for the applicability of this formulation.
- component (D) is at least 80% by weight, especially at least 90% by weight, of a high boiling aromatic hydrocarbon of 9 to 30 carbon atoms or a mixture of such high boiling aromatic hydrocarbons.
- the component (D) is very particularly preferably at least 80% by weight, in particular at least 90% by weight, especially 100% by weight, of a mixture of high-boiling aromatic hydrocarbons having 9 to 20 carbon atoms, in particular 9 to 14 carbon atoms.
- aromatic hydrocarbons are in particular di-, tri- or polynuclear aromatics, for example naphthalene, diphenyl, anthracene or phenanthrene, or mono-, di-, tri- or polynuclear aromatics with aliphatic side chains, for example substituted benzenes with C 7 - to C 4 - Alkyl side chains, in particular C 7 - to C 12 -alkyl side chains, such as n-dodecylbenzene or n-tetradecylbenzene, but especially with C 1 to C 6 alkyl side chains, for example n-propylbenzene, iso-propylbenzene, ethylmethylbenzenes, trimethylbenzenes, ethyl dimethylbenzenes, diethylbenzenes, n-butylbenzene, isobutylbenzene, sec-butylbenzene, tert-butylbenzen
- component (D) in the described preferred embodiment is aromatic hydrocarbons having 9 or more carbon atoms.
- non-aromatic organic solvent components for example, long-chain paraffins and / or alicyclic compounds and / or heterocyclic compounds having boiling points of more than 100 0 C, in particular more than 130 ° C
- aromatic Solvent components having less than 9 carbon atoms for example, toluene or xylene
- the additive formulation according to the invention is expediently prepared from components (A), (B), (C) and (D) by mixing.
- any conceivable sequence of mixing together allows the additive formulation according to the invention to be obtained.
- the additive formulation according to the invention is used in the context of the present invention for antistatic equipment and for improving the electrical conductivity of inanimate organic material and for preventing electrostatic charging in chemical and physical processes.
- the additive formulation according to the invention is incorporated or mixed into the inanimate organic material to be antistatically finished and thus rendered more electrically conductive during or after its production and distributed as homogeneously as possible.
- the concentration of the additive formulation of the invention in the inanimate organic material is generally 0.01 to 2000 ppm by weight, preferably 0.1 to 1000 ppm by weight, especially 0.5 to 500 ppm by weight, in particular 1 to 350 ppm by weight, based on the inanimate organic material.
- the concentration of the additive formulation according to the invention can be lower, customary dosing rates are 0.01 to 1000 ppm by weight, preferably 0.1 to 500 ppm by weight, especially 0.5 to 100% by weight. ppm, in particular 1 to 10 ppm by weight, based on the fuel.
- Inanimate organic material includes, in particular, cosmetic preparations such as ointments and lotions, pharmaceutical formulations such as pills and suppositories, photographic recording materials such as photographic emulsions, paints, plastics, waxes, solvents and mineral oil products and fuels, in particular diesel fuel, heating oil, gasoline, jet fuel and turbine fuel, as well as lubricants, ie Engine oils, lubricating oils, hydraulic oils, turbine oils, regulator oils, gear, shift and automatic oils, calender oils, heat transfer oils, metal working oils, shock absorber oils and lubricating greases.
- cosmetic preparations such as ointments and lotions
- pharmaceutical formulations such as pills and suppositories
- photographic recording materials such as photographic emulsions, paints, plastics, waxes, solvents and mineral oil products and fuels, in particular diesel fuel, heating oil, gasoline, jet fuel and turbine fuel, as well as lubricants, ie Engine oils, lubricating oils, hydraulic oils, turbine oils, regulator oils
- plastics which can be antistatically finished with the additive formulation according to the invention mention may be made, for example:
- Polymers of monoolefins or diolefins such as low or high density polyethylene, polypropylene, linear polybutene-1, polyisoprene, polybutadiene and copolymers of monoolefins or diolefins or mixtures of said polymers;
- Polystyrene and copolymers of styrene or alpha-methylstyrene with dienes and / or acrylic derivatives e.g. Styrene-butadiene, styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN), styrene-ethyl methacrylate, styrene-butadiene-ethyl acrylate, styrene-acrylonitrile-methacrylate, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) or methyl methacrylate-butadiene-styrene (MBS); halogen-containing polymers, e.g. Polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride and their copolymers;
- Polymers derived from ⁇ , ß-unsaturated acids and their derivatives such as polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, polyacrylamides and polyacrylonitriles; Polymers which are derived from unsaturated alcohols and amines or from their acyl derivatives or acetals, for example polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate;
- Polyurethanes for example as material for shoe soles
- thermoplastic polyurethanes for example as material for shoe soles
- polyamides for example as material for shoe soles
- polyureas for example as material for shoe soles
- polyphenylene ethers for example as polyphenylene ethers
- polyesters for example, polycarbonates, polysulfones, polyethersulfones, polyether ketones and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers (for example, also as material for shoe soles).
- the paints which can be antistatically finished with the additive formulation of the invention include, inter alia, paints such as alkyd resin paints, dispersion paints, epoxy resin paints, polyurethane paints, acrylic resin paints and cellulose nitrate coatings, or glazes such as wood preserving paints.
- the waxes which can be antistatically treated with the additive formulation according to the invention include, among others, the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer waxes.
- Suitable solvents which can be rendered antistatic with the additive formulation according to the invention and thus rendered more conductive are: alkanes, such as n-pentane, n-hexane or n-heptane, alkenes, such as hexene, heptene,
- alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol or tert-butanol
- aldehydes such as acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde or butyaldehyde
- ketones such as acetone or butanone
- the additive formulation according to the invention is particularly suitable for antistatic equipment and for improving the conductivity of turbine fuels (jet fuels).
- Turbine fuels are mainly used for the operation of aircraft turbines.
- the typical turbine fuel composition contains a major amount of liquid turbine fuel, such as turbine fuel common in civil or military aviation.
- liquid turbine fuel such as turbine fuel common in civil or military aviation.
- These include, for example, fuels named Jet Fuel A, Jet Fuel A-1, Jet Fuel B, Jet Fuel JP-4, JP-5, JP-7, JP-8 and JP-8 + 100.
- Jet A and Jet A-1 are commercially available turbine fuel specifications based on kerosene.
- the associated standards are ASTM D 1655 and DEF STAN 91-91.
- Jet B is a further cut fuel based on naphtha and kerosene fractions.
- JP-4 is equivalent to Jet B.
- JP-5, JP-7, JP-8 and JP-8 + 100 are military turbine fuels, such as those used by the Navy and Air Force.
- these standards refer to formulations, which already contain other additives, such as corrosion inhibitors, anti-icing agents, other antistatic agents, such as static dissipators, etc.
- the additive formulation according to the invention can be added to the turbine fuel or the turbine fuel composition in combination with other additives known per se.
- Suitable additives that may be included in the turbine fuel composition typically include detergents, corrosion inhibitors, antioxidants such as sterically hindered tertiary butyl phenols, N-butyl phenylenediamines or N, N'-diphenylamine and derivatives thereof, metal deactivators such as N, N '. -Disalicylidene-1, 2-diaminopropane, solubilizers, other commercially available antistatics such as Stadis® 450, biocides, anti-icing agents such as diethylene glycol methyl ether, and mixtures of these additives.
- Preferred additives for a turbine fuel or a turbine fuel composition are the following specific compound classes (E), (F) and (G):
- Preferred additives (E) are succinic anhydride-derived compounds having long-chain hydrocarbon radicals having usually 15 to 700, especially 30 to 200 carbon atoms. These compounds may have further functional groups which are preferably selected from hydroxy, amino, amido and / or imido groups.
- Preferred additives are the corresponding derivatives of polyalkenyl succinic anhydride, which z. B. by reaction of polyalkenes with maleic anhydride by thermal means or via the chlorinated hydrocarbons are available.
- the number-average molecular weight of the long-chain hydrocarbon radicals is preferably in a range from about 200 to 10,000, particularly preferably 400 to 5000, in particular 600 to 3000 and especially 650 to 2000.
- these long-chain hydrocarbon radicals are derived from conventional and especially from the aforementioned reactive polyisobutenes .
- additives (E) are the derivatives of polyalkenylsuccinic anhydrides with ammonia, monoamines, polyamines, monoalcohols and polyols.
- Polyamines preferred for derivatization include ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, propylenediamine, etc.
- Suitable alcohols include monohydric alcohols, such as ethanol, allyl alcohol, dodecanol and benzyl alcohol, polyhydric alcohols, such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1, 2 Butanediol, neopentyl glycol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, erythritol, pentaerythritol, mannitol and sorbitol.
- monohydric alcohols such as ethanol, allyl alcohol, dodecanol and benzyl alcohol
- polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1, 2 Butanediol, neopentyl glycol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, erythritol, pentaerythritol, mannitol and sorbitol.
- Succinic anhydride derivatives (E) suitable as additives are described, for example, in US Pat. Nos. 3,522,179, 4,234,435, 4,849,572, 4,904,401, 5,569,644 and 6,165,235, all of which are incorporated herein by reference is taken.
- Preferred additives (F) are polyalkenyl thiophosphonate esters.
- the polyalkenyl radical of these esters preferably has a number average molecular weight in the range from about 300 to 5000, particularly preferably 400 to 2000 and in particular 500 to 1500.
- the polyalkenyl radical is preferably derived from polyolefins, as described above for the component (E) as a long-chain hydrocarbon radical.
- polyalkenyl radicals which are derived from conventional or reactive polyisobutenes.
- Suitable processes for the preparation of suitable polyalkenyl thiophosphonate esters by reacting a polyolefin with a thiophosphorylating agent are e.g. No. 5,725,611, to which reference is hereby made.
- Preferred additives (G) are Mannich adducts. Such adducts are obtained in principle by Mannich reaction of aromatic hydroxyl compounds, in particular phenol and phenol derivatives, with aldehydes and mono- or polyamines. Preference is given to the reaction products of polyisobutene-substituted phenols with formaldehyde and mono- or polyamines, such as ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, dimethylaminopropylamine, etc.
- Suitable Mannich adducts and processes for their preparation are, for example, No. 5,876,468, EP-A 831 141, EP-A 1 233 990 and EP-A 1 226 188, to which reference is hereby made in their entirety.
- the additives (E) to (G) and, if appropriate, further of the abovementioned additives can usually each be used in amounts of from 0.0001 to 1% by weight, preferably from 0.001 to 0.6% by weight and in particular from 0.0015 to 0 , 4 wt .-%, based on the total amount of the turbine fuel composition can be used.
- the additive formulation according to the invention may be part of an additive concentrate for turbine fuels (jet fuels) which, in addition to the additive formulation according to the invention, contains at least one diluent and at least one further additive, which is preferably selected from those described above.
- this additive concentrate, as well as the turbine fuel composition additized therewith contains one or more additives from the group (E), (F) and (G), in particular also mixtures thereof such as (E) + (F), (E) + ( G), (F) + (G) and (E) + (F) + (G).
- Suitable diluents are, for example, fractions obtained in petroleum processing, such as kerosene, naphtha or mineral base oils. Also suitable are aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons such as Solvent Naphtha heavy, Solvesso ® or Shellsol ®, as well as mixtures of these solvents and diluents.
- the additive formulation according to the invention is in the described additive concentrate for turbine fuels preferably in an amount of 0.01 to 70 wt .-%, particularly preferably from 0.05 to 25 wt .-% and in particular from 0.1 to 5 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the concentrate, before.
- the described additive formulation according to the invention is furthermore advantageously suitable for antistatic equipment and for improving the conductivity of jet fuel, gasoline fuels and middle distillate fuels, in particular of diesel fuel and heating oil.
- Aviation fuel is a fuel specially developed for aircraft engines, in particular petrol engines for propeller aircraft, which resembles commercial gasoline fuels for operating ground vehicles.
- gasoline fuels are all commercially available gasoline fuel compositions into consideration.
- a typical representative here is the market-standard basic fuel of Eurosuper according to EN 228.
- gasoline compositions of the specification according to WO 00/47698 are also possible fields of use for the present invention.
- the aforementioned gasoline fuels may also contain bioethanol.
- middle distillate fuels are all commercial diesel fuel and heating oil compositions into consideration.
- a typical representative here is the common European diesel fuel according to EN 590.
- Diesel fuels Han it delt typically crude oil raffinates which have a boiling range of 100 to 400 0 C in general. These are mostly distillates with a 95% point up to 360 0 C or even beyond. However, these may also be so-called "ultra low sulfur diesel” or "city diesel", characterized by a 95% point of for example a maximum of 345 ° C. and a maximum sulfur content of 0.005% by weight or by a 95% point of for example 285 ° C and a sulfur content of at most 0.001 wt .-%.
- diesel fuels whose major components are longer chain paraffins those available from coal to liquid (CTL) fuels or gas to liquid (GTL) fuels are also suitable. Also suitable are mixtures of the abovementioned diesel fuels with regenerative fuels such as biodiesel. Furthermore, biomass-produced diesel fuels (“biomass to liquid” (BTL) fuels) are suitable.
- Diesel fuels Sulfur content, that is to say with a sulfur content of less than 0.05% by weight, preferably of less than 0.02% by weight, in particular of less than 0.005% by weight and especially of less than 0.001% by weight of sulfur
- Diesel fuels can also contain water, for example in an amount of up to 20% by weight, for example in the form of diesel-water microemulsions or as so-called "white diesel”.
- fuel oils are low-sulfur or high-sulfur petroleum refines or stearic or lignite distillates, which usually have a boiling range of from 150 to 400 ° C.
- Heating oils can be standard heating oil in accordance with DIN 51603-1, which has a sulfur content of 0.005 to
- heating oil is especially called heating oil for domestic oil firing systems or fuel oil EL.
- the additive formulation according to the invention can be either the respective base fuel, in particular the gasoline or diesel fuel, alone or in the form of fuel additive packages, e.g. the so-called gasoline or diesel performance packages are added.
- fuel additive packages are fuel additive concentrates and usually contain, in addition to solvents, a number of other components as co-additives, for example carrier oils, cold flow improvers, corrosion inhibitors, demulsifiers, dehazers, antifoam agents, cetane number improvers, combustion improvers, antioxidants or stabilizers, further antistatics, metallocenes, Metal deactivators, solubilizers, markers and / or dyes.
- the additized gasoline or diesel fuel in addition to the additive formulation according to the invention comprises as further fuel additives in particular at least one detergent, hereinafter referred to as component (H).
- Detergents or detergent additives (H) are usually referred to as deposit inhibitors for fuels.
- the detergents are preferably amphiphilic substances which have at least one hydrophobic hydrocarbon radical having a number-average molecular weight (M n ) of from 85 to 20,000, in particular from 300 to 5,000, in particular from 500 to 2,500, and at least one polar group is selected under
- Polyamino groups wherein at least one nitrogen atom has basic properties, or terminated by carbamate groups;
- M n number average molecular weight
- monoamino groups (Ha) -containing additives are the compounds obtainable from polyisocyanuric epoxides by reaction with amines and subsequent dehydration and reduction of the amino alcohols, as described in particular in DE-A-196 20 262.
- these reaction products are mixtures of pure nitropolyisobutenes (for example ⁇ , ⁇ -dinitropolyisobutene) and mixed hydroxynitropolyisobutenes (for example ⁇ -nitro- ⁇ -hydroxy-polyisobutene).
- Carboxyl groups or their alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts (Hd) containing additives are preferably copolymers of C 2 -C 4 olefins with maleic anhydride having a total molecular weight of 500 to 20,000, their carboxyl groups wholly or partially to the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts and a remaining group of the carboxyl groups reacted with alcohols or amines.
- Such additives are known in particular from EP-A-307 815.
- Such additives are primarily used to prevent valve seat wear and, as described in WO-A-87/01126, can be advantageously used in combination with conventional fuel detergents such as poly (iso) butenamines or polyetheramines.
- Additives containing sulfonic acid groups or their alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts are preferably alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts of a sulfosuccinic acid alkyl ester, as described in particular in EP-A-639 632.
- Such additives are mainly used to prevent valve seat wear and can be used with advantage in combination with conventional fuel detergents such as poly (iso) -butene amines or polyetheramines.
- Polyoxy-C2-C4-alkylene (Hf) containing additives are preferably polyether or polyetheramines, which by reaction of C2-C6o-alkanols, C6-C30-AI- kandiolen, mono- or di-C2-C3o-alkylamines, Ci C3o-alkylcyclohexanols or Ci-C3o-alkylphenols with 1 to 30 mol of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide and / or butylene oxide per hydroxyl group or amino group and, in the case of polyether amines, by subsequent reductive amination with ammonia, monoamines or polyamines nen are available.
- Such products are disclosed in particular in EP-A-310 875,
- EP-A-356 725, EP-A-700985 and US-A-4,877,416 In the case of polyesters, such products also fulfill carrier oil properties. Typical examples thereof are tridecanol or isotridecanol butoxylates, isononylphenol butoxylates and also polyisobutenol butoxylates and propoxylates and the corresponding reaction products with ammonia.
- Carboxyl ester groups (Hg) containing additives are preferably esters of mono-, di- or tricarboxylic acids with long-chain alkanols or polyols, in particular those having a minimum viscosity of 2 mm 2 / s at 100 0 C, as described in particular in DE-A-38 38 918 are described.
- Aliphatic or aromatic acids can be used as the mono-, di- or tricarboxylic acids; as ester alcohols or polyols, especially long-chain representatives with, for example, 6 to 24 carbon atoms are suitable.
- esters are adipates, phthalates, isophthalates, terephthalates and trimellitates of iso-octanol, iso-nonanol, iso-decanol and of isotridecanol. Such products also fulfill carrier oil properties.
- derivatives with aliphatic polyamines such as ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine or tetraethylenepentamine.
- the groups having hydroxyl and / or amino and / or amido and / or imido groups are, for example, carboxylic acid groups, acid amides of monoamines, acid amides of diamines or polyamines which, in addition to the amide function, still have free amine groups, succinic acid derivatives with a Acid and an amide function, Carbontagreimide with monoamines, Carbonklareimide with di- or polyamines, which in addition to the imide function still have free amine groups, or diimides, by the reaction of di- or polyamides be formed with two succinic acid derivatives.
- Such fuel additives are more particularly described in US-A-4,849,572.
- the detergent additives from the group (Hh) are preferably the reaction products of alkyl- or alkenyl-substituted succinic anhydrides, in particular of polyisobutenylsuccinic anhydrides, with amines and / or alcohols. These are thus derived from alkyl, alkenyl or polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride derivatives with amino and / or amido and / or imido and / or hydroxyl groups. It goes without saying that these reaction products are obtainable not only when substituted succinic anhydride is used, but also when substituted succinic acid or suitable acid derivatives, such as succinic acid halides or esters, are used.
- the additized fuel comprises a detergent based on a polyisobutenyl-substituted succinimide
- the imides with aliphatic polyamines are of particular interest.
- Particularly preferred polyamines are ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, pentaethylenehexamine and above all tetraethylenepentamine.
- the polyisobutenyl radical has a number average molecular weight M n of preferably 500 to 5000, particularly preferably 500 to 2000 and in particular about 1000.
- Mannich reaction of substituted phenols with aldehydes and mono- or polyamines generated moieties containing (Hi) additives are preferably reaction products of polyisobutene-substituted phenols with formaldehyde and mono- or polyamines such as ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine or dimethylaminopropylamine.
- Such "polyisobutene-Mannich bases” are described in particular in EP-A-831 141.
- said detergent additives (H) are used together with the additive formulation according to the invention in combination with at least one carrier oil.
- Suitable mineral carrier oils are fractions obtained in petroleum processing, such as bright stock or base oils with viscosities such as from class SN 500-2000; but also aromatic hydrocarbons, paraffinic hydrocarbons and alkoxyalkanols. Is also useful is known as a "hydrocracking oil” and obtained in the refining of mineral oil fraction (vacuum distillate cut having a boiling range of about 360-500 0 C, obtainable from at high pressure catalytically hydrogenated and isomerized and also deparaffinized natural mineral oil). Also suitable are mixtures of the abovementioned mineral carrier oils.
- suitable synthetic carrier oils are selected from: polyolefins (polyalphaolefins or polyinteralalefins), (poly) esters, (poly) alkoxylates, polyethers, aliphatic polyetheramines, alkylphenol-initiated polyethers, alkylphenol-initiated polyetheramines and carboxylic acid esters of long-chain alkanols.
- suitable polyethers or polyetheramines are preferably compounds containing polyoxy-C 2 -C 4 -alkylene groups which are prepared by reacting C 2 -C 6 -alkanols, C 6 -C 50 -alkanediols, mono- or di-C 2 -C 30 -alkylamines, C 1 -C 30 -alkyl cyclohexanols or C 1 -C 30 -alkylphenols with 1 to 30 mol of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide and / or butylene oxide per hydroxyl group or amino group and, in the case of polyetheramines, by subsequent reductive amination with ammonia, monoamines or polyamines.
- Such products are described in particular in EP-A 310 875, EP-A 356 725, EP-A 700 985 and US-A 4,877,416.
- polyetheramines poly-C 2 -C 6 -alkylene oxide amines or functional derivatives thereof can be used. Typical examples of these are tridecanol or Isotridecanolbutoxylate, Isononylphenolbutoxylate and Polyisobute- nolbutoxylate and propoxylates and the corresponding reaction products with ammonia.
- carboxylic acid esters of long-chain alkanols are in particular esters of mono-, di- or tricarboxylic acids with long-chain alkanols or polyols, as described in particular in DE-A 38 38 918.
- mono-, di- or tricarboxylic acids it is possible to use aliphatic or aromatic acids, especially suitable ester alcohols or polyols are long-chain representatives having, for example, 6 to 24 C atoms.
- esters are adipates, phthalates, isophthalates, terephthalates and trimellitates of isooctanol, isononanol, isodecanol and of isotricanecanol, such as, for example, B. di (n- or iso-tridecyl) phthalate.
- suitable synthetic carrier oils are alcohol-started polyethers with about 5 to 35, such as. B. about 5 to 30, Cs-C ⁇ -alkylene oxide units, such as. B. selected from propylene oxide, n-butylene oxide and i-butylene oxide units, or mixtures thereof.
- suitable starter alcohols are long-chain alkanols or long-chain alkyl-substituted phenols, where the long-chain alkyl radical is in particular a straight-chain or branched C ⁇ -Cis-alkyl radical.
- Preferred examples are tridecanol and nonylphenol.
- Further suitable synthetic carrier oils are alkoxylated alkylphenols, as described in DE-A 101 02 913.
- Preferred carrier oils are synthetic carrier oils, with polyethers being particularly preferred.
- the additive-fuel is added with the detergent additive (H) or a mixture of various such detergent additives in a total amount of preferably 10 to 2000 wt. Ppm, more preferably 20 to 1000 wt. Ppm, more preferably 50 to 500 wt . ppm and in particular from 50 to 200 ppm by weight, eg from 70 to 150 ppm by weight, added.
- H detergent additive
- a mixture of various such detergent additives in a total amount of preferably 10 to 2000 wt. Ppm, more preferably 20 to 1000 wt. Ppm, more preferably 50 to 500 wt . ppm and in particular from 50 to 200 ppm by weight, eg from 70 to 150 ppm by weight, added.
- a carrier oil is used, it is added to the additive fuel according to the invention in an amount of preferably from 1 to 1000 ppm by weight, more preferably from 10 to 500 ppm by weight and in particular from 20 to 100 ppm by weight.
- suitable cold flow improvers are, for example, copolymers of ethylene with at least one further unsaturated monomer, e.g. Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers.
- Corrosion inhibitors suitable as further co-additives are, for example, succinic esters, especially with polyols, fatty acid derivatives, e.g. Oleic acid esters, oligomerized fatty acids and substituted ethanolamines.
- Demulsifiers suitable as further co-additives are, for example, the alkali and alkaline earth metal salts of alkyl-substituted phenol and naphthalenesulfonates and the alkali and alkaline earth metal salts of fatty acid, furthermore alcohol alkoxylates, e.g. Alcohol ethoxylates, phenol alkoxylates, e.g. tertiary butyl phenol ethoxylates or tertiary pentyl phenol ethoxylates, fatty acid, alkyl phenols, condensation products of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, e.g. Ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymers, polyethyleneimines and polysiloxanes.
- alcohol alkoxylates e.g. Alcohol ethoxylates, phenol alkoxylates, e.g. tertiary butyl phenol ethoxylates or tertiary
- Dehazers suitable as further coadditives are, for example, alkoxylated phenol-formaldehyde condensates.
- Antifoams which are suitable as further coadditives are, for example, polyether-modified polysiloxanes.
- Cetane number and combustion improvers which are suitable as further coadditives are, for example, alkyl nitrates, for example cyclohexyl nitrate and in particular 2-ethylhexyl nitrate, and peroxides, for example di-tert-butyl peroxide.
- suitable antioxidants are substituted phenols, for example 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-3-methylphenol, and phenylenediamines, for example N, N'-di- sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine.
- Suitable metal deactivators as further co-additives include, for example, salicylic acid derivatives, e.g. N, N'-disalicylidene-1,2-propanediamine.
- Suitable solvents are, in particular for fuel additive packages, for example nonpolar organic solvents, in particular aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, e.g. Toluene, xylene, "white spirit” and the technical solvent mixtures of the names Shellsol® (manufacturer: Royal Dutch / Shell Group), Exxol® (manufacturer: ExxonMobil) and Solvent Naphtha.
- nonpolar organic solvents in particular aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, e.g. Toluene, xylene, "white spirit” and the technical solvent mixtures of the names Shellsol® (manufacturer: Royal Dutch / Shell Group), Exxol® (manufacturer: ExxonMobil) and Solvent Naphtha.
- polar organic solvents especially alcohols such as 2-ethylhexanol, 2-Propylhep- tanol, decanol and isotridecanol, into consideration.
- the said co-additives and / or solvents are used in gasoline or diesel fuel, they are used in the amounts customary for this purpose.
- the described additive formulation according to the invention is furthermore also advantageously suitable for antistatic equipment and for improving the conductivity of lubricants.
- lubricants or lubricant compositions here are engine oils, lubricating oils, hydraulic oils, turbine oils, control oils, gear, switching and automatic oils, calendering oils, heat transfer oils, metalworking oils, shock absorber oils and related liquid compositions, which serve the lubrication of mechanically moving parts - usually as metal - be designated. Furthermore, greases are to be counted among the lubricants.
- the most economically important lubricant compositions are engine oils as well as gear, shift and automatic oils.
- Motor oils usually consist of mineral base oils, which contain predominantly paraffinic constituents and are prepared by complex work-up and purification processes in the refinery, with a proportion of about 2 to 10% by weight of additives (based on the active substance contents).
- the mineral base oils may be partially or completely replaced by synthetic components such as organic esters, synthetic hydrocarbons such as olefin oligomers, poly- ⁇ -olefins or polyolefins or hydrocracking oils.
- Engine oils must have sufficiently high viscosities even at high temperatures to ensure a perfect lubrication effect and a good seal between cylinder and piston.
- engine oils must also be of a high flow properties so that the engine can be tested at low temperatures. can be started without a hitch.
- Engine oils must be resistant to oxidation and must not produce any decomposition products in liquid or solid form and deposits even under severe working conditions.
- Engine oils disperse solids (dispersant behavior), prevent deposits (detergent behavior), neutralize acidic reaction products and form a wear protection film on the metal surfaces in the engine.
- Engine oils are usually characterized by viscosity class classes (SAE classes).
- Gear, shift and automatic oils are similar in composition to their basic components and additives as engine oils.
- the transmission of power in the gear system of transmissions takes place to a large extent by the fluid pressure in the transmission oil between the teeth.
- the gear oil must therefore be such that it can withstand high pressures in the long term without decomposing.
- wear, compressive strength, friction, shear stability, traction and run-in behavior are the decisive factors here.
- engine oils and gear oils, gear oils and automatic oils generally contain at least one, but usually some or all, of the additives listed below in the amounts usually customary for this purpose (which are in% by weight) %, based on the total lubricant composition, are given in parentheses):
- Sulfur compounds e.g. Reaction products of terpenes ( ⁇ -pinene), resin oils or low molecular weight polybutenes with sulfur, dialkyl sulfides, dialkyl trisulfides, polysulfides, diaryl sulfides, modified thiols, mercaptobenzimidazoles, mercaptotriazines, thiophene derivatives, xanthates, zinc dialkyldithiocarbamates, thioglycols, thioaldehydes , Dibenzyl disulfide, alkylphenol sulfides, dialkylphenol sulfides or sulfur-containing carboxylic acids
- Phosphorus compounds e.g. Triaryl and trialkyl phosphites, dialkyl 3,5-di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate or phosphonic acid piperazides
- Sulfur-phosphorus compounds e.g. Zinc dialkyldithiophosphates (Metalldialkyldithiophosphate act in lubricating oils as corrosion inhibitors and
- Phenol derivatives for example sterically hindered mono-, bis- or trisphenols, sterically hindered polynuclear phenols, polyalkylphenols, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methyl-phenol or methylene-4,4'-bis (2, 6-di-tert-butylphenol) (phenol derivatives often used in combination with antioxidants based on sulfur or amine)
- Amines e.g. Arylamines such as diphenylamine, phenyl- ⁇ -naphthylamine or 4,4'-tetra- methyldiaminodiphenylmethane
- Metal deactivators in the strict sense e.g. N-salicylidene-ethylamine, N, N'-disylicylidene-ethylenediamine, N, N'-disalicylidene-1,2-propanediamine, triethylenediamine, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, phosphoric acid, citric acid, glycolic acid, lecithin, thiadiazole, imidazole or pyrazole derivatives
- viscosity index improvers 0.05 to 10%
- polyisobutenes having a molecular weight of usually 10,000 to 45,000
- polymethacrylates having a molecular weight of usually 5,000 to 100,000
- homo- and copolymeric s of 1,3-dienes such as Butadiene or isoprene having a molecular weight of usually 80,000 to 100,000
- 1, 3-diene-styrene copolymers having a molecular weight of usually 80,000 to 100,000
- maleic anhydride-styrene polymers in esterified form having a molecular weight of usually 60,000 to 120,000
- star-shaped polymers having block-type construction by units of conjugated dienes and aromatic monomers having a molecular weight of usually 200,000 to 500,000
- polyalkylstyrenes having a molecular weight of usually 80,000 to 150,000
- pour point depressant (0.03 to 1%), e.g. bicyclic aromatics such as naphthalene having various long-chain alkyl radicals, polymethyl methacrylates having 12 to 18 carbon atoms in the alcohol radical, a degree of branching of 10 to 30 mol% and an average molecular weight of 5,000 to 500,000, long-chain alkylphenols and dialkyl phthalates or copolymers of different olefins
- bicyclic aromatics such as naphthalene having various long-chain alkyl radicals, polymethyl methacrylates having 12 to 18 carbon atoms in the alcohol radical, a degree of branching of 10 to 30 mol% and an average molecular weight of 5,000 to 500,000, long-chain alkylphenols and dialkyl phthalates or copolymers of different olefins
- detergents e.g. Calcium, lead, zinc and manganese naphthenates, calcium dichlorostearates, calcium phenyl stearates, calcium chlorophenyl stearates, sulfonation products of alkylaromatics such as dodecylbenzene, petroleum sulfonates, sodium, calcium, barium or magnesium sulfonates, neutral, basic and overbased sulfonates, phenates and carboxylates, salicylates, metal salts of alkylphenols and alkylphenol sulfides, phosphates, thiophosphates or alkenyl phosphonic acid derivatives
- detergents e.g. Calcium, lead, zinc and manganese naphthenates, calcium dichlorostearates, calcium phenyl stearates, calcium chlorophenyl stearates, sulfonation products of alkylaromatics such as dodecylbenzene, petroleum sulfon
- Ashless dispersants 0.5 to 10%
- Ashless dispersants eg Mannich condensates of alkylphenol, formaldehyde and polyalkylenepolyamines, reaction products of polyphenol lyisobutenyl succinic anhydrides with polyhydroxy compounds or polyamines, copolymers of alkyl methacrylates with diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, N-vinylpyrrolidone, N-vinylpryridine or 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate or vinyl acetate fumarate copolymers
- (f) Extreme Pressure Additives 0.2 to 2.5%), e.g. chlorinated paraffins with 40 to 70% by weight chlorine content, chlorinated fatty acid (especially with trichloromethyl end groups), dialkyl hydrogen phosphites, triaryl phosphites, aryl phosphates such as tricresyl phosphate, dialkyl phosphates, trialkyl phosphates such as tributyl phosphate, trialkyl phosphines, diphosphoric acid esters, nitroaromatics, aminophenol derivatives of naphthenic acid, Carbamic acid esters, dithiocarbamic acid derivatives, substituted 1,2,3-triazoles, mixtures of benzotriazole and alkylsuccinic anhydride or alkylmaleic anhydride, 1,2,4-thiadiazole polymers, morpholinobenzothiadiazole disulfide, chlorinated alkyl sulfides, sulfurized olefins
- friction modifiers 0.05 to 1%
- polar oil-soluble compounds which produce a thin layer on the friction surface by adsorption, e.g. Fatty alcohols, fatty amides, fatty acid salts, fatty acid alkyl esters or fatty acid glycerides
- antifoam additives 0.0001 to 0.2%), e.g. liquid silicones such as polydimethylsiloxanes or poliethylene glycol ethers and sulfides
- demulsifiers 0.1 to 1%
- Dinonylnaphthalenesulfonates in the form of their alkali and alkaline earth metal salts
- corrosion inhibitors also referred to as metal deactivators
- metal deactivators for example tertiary amines and their salts, iminoesters, amidoximes, diaminomethanes, derivatives of saturated or unsaturated fatty acids with alkanolamines, alkylamines, sarcosines, imidazolines, alkylbenzotriazoles , Dimercaptothiadiazole derivatives, diaryl phosphates, thiophosphoric acid esters, neutral salts of primary n-Cs-ds-alkylamines or cycloalkylamines with dialkyl phosphates with branched C5-C12-alkyl groups, neutral or basic alkaline earth metal sulfonates, zinc naphthenates, mono- and dialkylarylsulfonates, barium dinonylnaphthalenesulfonates, lanolin (wool fat ), Heavy metal salts of naphthenic acid, di
- compositions in the context of the present invention are composed as follows, the details for the additives referring to the active substance contents and the sum of all components always being 100% by weight:
- the polyethylene gas-phase fluidized bed process should be mentioned.
- ethylene or a mixture of ethylene and comonomers such as 1-butene, 1-hexene or 1-octene is polymerized coordinatively.
- the density of the resulting polyethylene depends critically on the amount and type of incorporated comonomer.
- high density HDPE is preferably obtained from ethylene without comonomers and low density LLDPE in the presence of significant amounts of the above comonomers.
- the catalysts used are preferably silica-supported Ziegler or metallocene catalysts.
- the polymerization is in any case carried out in a fluidized bed at a temperature below the melting point of the polyethylene, which is why solid product particles rub against the inner wall of the tower-shaped fluidized bed reactor.
- the additive formulation of the invention serves to prevent the electrostatic charge in the entire reactor system and thus counteracts the formation of polymer deposits on the reactor inner wall and in the heat exchangers.
- the present invention also provides antistatic inanimate organic material having improved electrical conductivity, which is selected from cosmetic preparations, drug formulations, photographic materials, paints, plastics, waxes, solvents, petroleum products and fuels, and which contains 0.01 to 2000 ppm by weight , preferably 0.1 to 1000 ppm by weight, especially 0.5 to 500 ppm by weight, in particular 1 to 350 ppm by weight, of the additive formulation according to the invention.
- the additive formulation of the invention allows in comparison to the known means an even more effective and sustainable increase in the electrical conductivity in inanimate organic material, especially in petroleum products and fuels, especially in turbine, gasoline and diesel fuel and lubricants.
- the electrical conductivity remains at a constant high level even after storage, while with corresponding additive formulations of the prior art during storage, a significant drop in the values can be observed.
- electrical conductivities of at least 50 to 100 pS / m are generally achieved.
- the additive formulation according to the invention has a high thermal stability. It is metal and halogen free. It also has a high flash point, so it is safe in its manufacture, transportation and storage prior to its use in inanimate organic material, ie it can be handled without risk of explosion and fire.
- the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the following, non-limiting examples.
- Example 1 Preparation of an I-decene-sulfur dioxide copolymer at 25 ° C
- the autoclave was depressurized and it was first degassed at atmospheric pressure and then in vacuo (200 to 10 mbar). 2.4 kg of a clear, viscous polymer solution were obtained. The conversion was 95% ( 1 H NMR spectroscopic determined by the integral ratio of the 3 olefin protons of the restolefin at 5.8 ppm / 4.9 ppm to the 3 protons in the polymer backbone at 4.3-3.0 ppm). , The 1-decene-sulfur dioxide copolymer thus obtained had a number-average molecular weight M n of 19,600 and a polydispersity PDI of 3.2.
- Example 2 Preparation of a 1-decene-sulfur dioxide copolymer at 35 ° C
- Example 3 Preparation of a 1-decene-sulfur dioxide copolymer at 33 ° C
- the autoclave was depressurized and it was first degassed at atmospheric pressure and then in vacuo (200 to 10 mbar). 2.5 kg of a clear, viscous polymer solution were obtained. The conversion was 92% ( 1 H NMR spectroscopic determined by the integral ratio of the 3 olefin protons of the restolefin at 5.8 ppm / 4.9 ppm to the 3 protons in the polymer backbone at 4.3-3.0 ppm).
- the 1-decene-sulfur dioxide copolymer thus obtained had a number-average molecular weight M n of 12,500 and a polydispersity PDI of 2.5.
- Example 4 Preparation of an additive formulation of a 1-decene-sulfur dioxide copolymer, a C2o / 24-olefin-maleimide copolymer, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid and solvent Naphta Heavy
- Example 5 Preparation of an additive formulation from a 1-decene-sulfur dioxide copolymer, a C2o / 24-olefin-maleimide copolymer, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid and Sovent Naphta Heavy
- Example 6 Preparation of an additive formulation from a 1-decene sulfur dioxide copolymer, a C2o / 24-olefin-maleimide copolymer, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid and Sovent Naphta Heavy
- Example 4 mixed in such proportions that an additive formulation of Composition of 14 wt .-% (A), 13 wt .-% (B), 5 wt .-% (C) and 68 wt .-% (D) resulted.
- Example 7 (for comparison): Preparation of an additive formulation from a 1-decene sulfur dioxide copolymer, an N-tallow fatty amine-1,3-diaminopropane
- Example 6 A formulation analogous in the proportions of the four components used to formulate Example 6 was prepared with the sole difference that instead of the 50% by weight C2O / 24-olefin-maleimide copolymer solution, the same amount of a commercially available 50 wt .-% solution of the polymeric condensation product of N-tallow fatty amine-1, 3-diaminopropan and epichlorohydrin in a mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons - according to the teaching of document (1) - was used.
- Measurements of the electrical conductivity were carried out in accordance with DIN standard 51412-2 (field method). For this purpose, a submersible measuring cell was immersed in the liquids to be measured. The conductivity values in pS / m were in each case read at the same temperature of the liquids, namely 25 ° C., on the display of the immersion measuring cell. As liquids to be measured commercial petroleum, commercial diesel fuel, commercial fuel oil, commercial turbine fuel and commercial hydraulic oil were used in the previously each a certain amount of the additive formulation was metered as a conductivity improver. The following overview shows the results of the measurements.
- Example 5 (according to the invention) gave 890 pS / m; the additive formulation of Example 6 (according to the invention) gave 750 pS / m; the additive formulation of Example 7 (for comparison) gave 540 pS / m; a commercial antistatic formulation (AF1) gave 760 pS / m;
- Example 5 the additive formulation of Example 5 (according to the invention) gave 670 pS / m; the additive formulation of Example 6 (according to the invention) gave 440 pS / m; a commercial antistatic formulation (AF1) gave 415 pS / m; c) in commercial heating oil (dosage: 3 mg per liter):
- Example 5 gave 690 pS / m
- the additive formulation of Example 6 gave 520 pS / m
- a commercial antistatic formulation (AF1) gave 505 pS / m
- the additive formulation from Example 5 gave 174 pS / m at 1 mg per liter, 750 pS / m at 3 mg per liter and 1275 pS / m at 5 mg per liter; after 4 days storage time, the conductivity measurements were repeated, yielding values of 230 pS / m (at 1 mg per liter), 735 pS / m (at 3 mg per liter) and 1205 pS / m (at 5 mg per liter);
- AF2 a commercial antistatic formulation
- Example 5 the additive formulation of Example 5 (according to the invention) gave 167 pS / m; a commercial antistatic formulation (AF1) gave 120 pS / m.
- the storage stabilities of the additive formulations according to the invention from Examples 5 and 6 and of commercially available antistatic formulations (AF1 and AF2) were evaluated after prolonged storage at constant 40 ° C. by visual inspection for turbidity and possible formation of precipitates. In all cases, the samples had no turbidity or precipitation after 3 months of storage.
- the flash points of the samples used had previously been determined in accordance with EN ISO 2719: 2002 (Pensky-Martens closed-cup measurement): in the case of the samples according to the invention, they were at 62 ° C. (Example 5) or 63 ° C. ( Example 6), in the commercial antistatic formulation, however, significantly lower at 21 0 C (AF1) or ⁇ 20 ° C (AF2).
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (15)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PL08717233T PL2132284T3 (pl) | 2007-03-02 | 2008-02-28 | Preparat dodatków odpowiedni do antyelektrostatycznego wykańczania i polepszania przewodności elektrycznej nieożywionego materiału organicznego |
US12/527,970 US8551365B2 (en) | 2007-03-02 | 2008-02-28 | Additive formulation suitable for antistatic modification and improving the electrical conductivity of inanimate organic material |
KR1020097020693A KR101527238B1 (ko) | 2007-03-02 | 2008-02-28 | 무생물 유기 물질의 전기 전도도 개선 및 대전 방지 개질에 적합한 첨가제 제제 |
DK08717233.4T DK2132284T3 (da) | 2007-03-02 | 2008-02-28 | Additiv formulering, der er egnet til antistatisk udstyr og forbedring af den elektriske ledningsevne af ikke-levende organisk materiale |
SI200830148T SI2132284T1 (sl) | 2007-03-02 | 2008-02-28 | Formulacija aditiva primernega za antistatiäśno konäśno obdelavo in izboljĺ anje elektriäśne prevodnosti neĺ˝ivega organskega materiala |
JP2009552178A JP5409396B2 (ja) | 2007-03-02 | 2008-02-28 | 非生物有機材料の帯電防止処理と導電性改善に適した添加剤組成物 |
BRPI0808388-6A BRPI0808388A2 (pt) | 2007-03-02 | 2008-02-28 | Formulação de aditivo, processo para a preparação da formulação de aditivo, uso da formulação de aditivo, material orgânico inanimado modificado antiestaticamente, e, processo para a preparação de copolímeros de olefina-dióxido de enxofre. |
CA2679490A CA2679490C (en) | 2007-03-02 | 2008-02-28 | Additive formulation suitable for antistatic modification and improving the electrical conductivity of inanimate organic material |
DE502008001942T DE502008001942D1 (de) | 2007-03-02 | 2008-02-28 | Zur antistatikausrüstung und verbesserung der elektrischen leitfähigkeit von unbelebtem organischen material geeignete additivformulierung |
EP08717233A EP2132284B1 (de) | 2007-03-02 | 2008-02-28 | Zur antistatikausrüstung und verbesserung der elektrischen leitfähigkeit von unbelebtem organischen material geeignete additivformulierung |
AU2008223857A AU2008223857B2 (en) | 2007-03-02 | 2008-02-28 | Additive formulation suited for anti-static finishing and improvement of the electrical conductivity of inanimate organic material |
CN2008800068897A CN101622329B (zh) | 2007-03-02 | 2008-02-28 | 适合无生命有机材料的抗静电改性和导电性改善的添加剂配制剂 |
AT08717233T ATE490299T1 (de) | 2007-03-02 | 2008-02-28 | Zur antistatikausrüstung und verbesserung der elektrischen leitfähigkeit von unbelebtem organischen material geeignete additivformulierung |
US13/856,994 US8858838B2 (en) | 2007-03-02 | 2013-04-04 | Additive formulation suitable for antistatic modification and improving the electrical conductivity of inanimate organic material |
US14/329,034 US10062471B2 (en) | 2007-03-02 | 2014-07-11 | Additive formulation suitable for antistatic modification and improving the electrical conductivity of inanimate organic material |
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US13/856,994 Continuation US8858838B2 (en) | 2007-03-02 | 2013-04-04 | Additive formulation suitable for antistatic modification and improving the electrical conductivity of inanimate organic material |
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EP (1) | EP2132284B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP5409396B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR101527238B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN101622329B (de) |
AR (1) | AR065574A1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE490299T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU2008223857B2 (de) |
BR (1) | BRPI0808388A2 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2679490C (de) |
DE (1) | DE502008001942D1 (de) |
DK (1) | DK2132284T3 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2356029T3 (de) |
MY (1) | MY150788A (de) |
PL (1) | PL2132284T3 (de) |
PT (1) | PT2132284E (de) |
RU (1) | RU2462504C2 (de) |
SG (1) | SG179434A1 (de) |
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WO2011072850A1 (en) | 2009-12-16 | 2011-06-23 | Basell Polyolefine Gmbh | Polymerization process in the presence of an antistatic agent |
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- 2008-02-28 PL PL08717233T patent/PL2132284T3/pl unknown
- 2008-02-28 RU RU2009136262/05A patent/RU2462504C2/ru active
- 2008-02-28 SG SG2012015145A patent/SG179434A1/en unknown
- 2008-02-28 CA CA2679490A patent/CA2679490C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-02-28 DK DK08717233.4T patent/DK2132284T3/da active
- 2008-02-28 CN CN2008800068897A patent/CN101622329B/zh active Active
- 2008-02-28 ES ES08717233T patent/ES2356029T3/es active Active
- 2008-02-28 PT PT08717233T patent/PT2132284E/pt unknown
- 2008-02-28 AU AU2008223857A patent/AU2008223857B2/en active Active
- 2008-02-28 WO PCT/EP2008/052451 patent/WO2008107371A2/de active Application Filing
- 2008-02-28 JP JP2009552178A patent/JP5409396B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-02-28 EP EP08717233A patent/EP2132284B1/de active Active
- 2008-02-28 DE DE502008001942T patent/DE502008001942D1/de active Active
- 2008-02-28 KR KR1020097020693A patent/KR101527238B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-02-28 BR BRPI0808388-6A patent/BRPI0808388A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
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Cited By (17)
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EP2132285A2 (de) * | 2007-04-04 | 2009-12-16 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Synergistische kombination aus einem gehinderten phenol und stickstoffhaltigen reinigungsmittel für einen biodieselkraftstoff zur erhöhung der oxidativen stabilität |
WO2011045334A1 (en) | 2009-10-14 | 2011-04-21 | Palox Offshore S.A.L. | Protection of liquid fuels |
WO2011069960A1 (en) * | 2009-12-10 | 2011-06-16 | Basf Se | Antistatic thermoplastic compositions |
WO2011072850A1 (en) | 2009-12-16 | 2011-06-23 | Basell Polyolefine Gmbh | Polymerization process in the presence of an antistatic agent |
US8536289B2 (en) | 2009-12-29 | 2013-09-17 | Basell Polyolefine Gmbh | Process for the production of polyolefin films |
WO2011095825A1 (en) | 2010-02-05 | 2011-08-11 | Palox Limited | Protection of liquid fuels |
EP2732012B1 (de) | 2011-07-12 | 2015-12-09 | Total Marketing Services | Zusammensetzungen dieselkraftstoffs-haltbarkeit und -motorleistung verbessernder additive. |
EP2607389A1 (de) | 2011-12-20 | 2013-06-26 | Basell Polyolefine GmbH | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Olefinpolymer durch Schlammschleifenpolymerisierung mit hoher Pulverdichte |
WO2013092195A1 (en) | 2011-12-20 | 2013-06-27 | Basell Polyolefine Gmbh | Process for preparing olefin polymer by slurry loop polymerization having high powder density |
CN103103000A (zh) * | 2013-03-06 | 2013-05-15 | 济南恒致达新能源科技有限公司 | 节油降排放多功能复合柴油添加剂组合物 |
EP2813520A1 (de) | 2013-06-11 | 2014-12-17 | Basell Polyolefine GmbH | Polymerisationsverfahren in Gegenwart einer antistatisch wirkenden Zusammensetzung |
WO2017182160A1 (de) | 2016-04-22 | 2017-10-26 | FAUDI Aviation GmbH | Kraftstoffadditivierungsvorrichtung, verfahren zur additivierung eines kraftstoffs und verwendung von diesen |
DE102016107522A1 (de) | 2016-04-22 | 2017-10-26 | Basf Se | Kraftstoffadditivierungsvorrichtung, Verfahren zur Additivierung eines Kraftstoffs und Verwendung von diesen |
EP4074810A1 (de) | 2021-04-15 | 2022-10-19 | Basf Se | Neue zusammensetzungen zur verminderung der kristallisation von paraffinkristallen in kraftstoffen |
WO2022218737A1 (en) | 2021-04-15 | 2022-10-20 | Basf Se | New compositions for reducing crystallization of paraffin crystals in fuels |
EP4074810B1 (de) | 2021-04-15 | 2023-11-15 | Basf Se | Neue zusammensetzungen zur verminderung der kristallisation von paraffinkristallen in kraftstoffen |
WO2024056479A1 (en) | 2022-09-12 | 2024-03-21 | Basf Se | New compositions for reducing crystallization of paraffin crystals in fuels |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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ATE490299T1 (de) | 2010-12-15 |
KR101527238B1 (ko) | 2015-06-09 |
US20130296207A1 (en) | 2013-11-07 |
EP2132284B1 (de) | 2010-12-01 |
RU2462504C2 (ru) | 2012-09-27 |
DE502008001942D1 (de) | 2011-01-13 |
MY150788A (en) | 2014-02-28 |
CN101622329A (zh) | 2010-01-06 |
DK2132284T3 (da) | 2011-02-28 |
US20140318002A1 (en) | 2014-10-30 |
US8551365B2 (en) | 2013-10-08 |
CA2679490C (en) | 2016-02-09 |
EP2132284A2 (de) | 2009-12-16 |
SI2132284T1 (sl) | 2011-05-31 |
US10062471B2 (en) | 2018-08-28 |
ES2356029T3 (es) | 2011-04-04 |
CN101622329B (zh) | 2013-03-13 |
PL2132284T3 (pl) | 2011-05-31 |
PT2132284E (pt) | 2010-12-20 |
KR20090125808A (ko) | 2009-12-07 |
WO2008107371A3 (de) | 2008-12-11 |
SG179434A1 (en) | 2012-04-27 |
AR065574A1 (es) | 2009-06-17 |
US8858838B2 (en) | 2014-10-14 |
AU2008223857A1 (en) | 2008-09-12 |
JP2010520343A (ja) | 2010-06-10 |
RU2009136262A (ru) | 2011-04-10 |
JP5409396B2 (ja) | 2014-02-05 |
AU2008223857B2 (en) | 2012-04-12 |
CA2679490A1 (en) | 2008-09-12 |
US20100072427A1 (en) | 2010-03-25 |
BRPI0808388A2 (pt) | 2014-07-08 |
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