US20090077869A1 - Diesel fuel additive compositions for prolonged antistatic performance - Google Patents
Diesel fuel additive compositions for prolonged antistatic performance Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20090077869A1 US20090077869A1 US11/860,664 US86066407A US2009077869A1 US 20090077869 A1 US20090077869 A1 US 20090077869A1 US 86066407 A US86066407 A US 86066407A US 2009077869 A1 US2009077869 A1 US 2009077869A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- composition
- antistatic agent
- strong acid
- additive
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 5
- 239000006280 diesel fuel additive Substances 0.000 title description 5
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- WBIQQQGBSDOWNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O WBIQQQGBSDOWNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940060296 dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical class O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical class ClCC1=NC=CC=C1C#N FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000008107 benzenesulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 5
- PDEDQSAFHNADLV-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;disodium;dinitrate;nitrite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[K+].[O-]N=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O PDEDQSAFHNADLV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 201000003704 mandibulofacial dysostosis with alopecia Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur dioxide Inorganic materials O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003225 biodiesel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002816 fuel additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 poly(olefin sulfone Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005603 alternating copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003849 aromatic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007529 inorganic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006078 metal deactivator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/143—Organic compounds mixtures of organic macromolecular compounds with organic non-macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
- C10L1/1616—Hydrocarbons fractions, e.g. lubricants, solvents, naphta, bitumen, tars, terpentine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
- C10L1/191—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters of di- or polyhydroxyalcohols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/195—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10L1/197—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and an acyloxy group of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid
- C10L1/1973—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and an acyloxy group of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid mono-carboxylic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
- C10L1/2222—(cyclo)aliphatic amines; polyamines (no macromolecular substituent 30C); quaternair ammonium compounds; carbamates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/238—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/238—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10L1/2383—Polyamines or polyimines, or derivatives thereof (poly)amines and imines; derivatives thereof (substituted by a macromolecular group containing 30C)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/238—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10L1/2383—Polyamines or polyimines, or derivatives thereof (poly)amines and imines; derivatives thereof (substituted by a macromolecular group containing 30C)
- C10L1/2387—Polyoxyalkyleneamines (poly)oxyalkylene amines and derivatives thereof (substituted by a macromolecular group containing 30C)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/24—Organic compounds containing sulfur, selenium and/or tellurium
- C10L1/2431—Organic compounds containing sulfur, selenium and/or tellurium sulfur bond to oxygen, e.g. sulfones, sulfoxides
- C10L1/2437—Sulfonic acids; Derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfonamides, sulfosuccinic acid esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/24—Organic compounds containing sulfur, selenium and/or tellurium
- C10L1/2462—Organic compounds containing sulfur, selenium and/or tellurium macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/2475—Organic compounds containing sulfur, selenium and/or tellurium macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon to carbon bonds
Definitions
- This disclosure relates to an additive composition comprising at least one antistatic agent and at least one strong acid.
- the additive composition can be combined/blended/admixed with a middle distillate fuel to form a fuel composition.
- Methods of making and using the additive and fuel compositions are also disclosed. Also disclosed are methods of improving and/or prolonging the ability of an additive composition to impart effective conductivity to a fuel,
- Certain middle distillate fuel compositions are capable of generating static electricity, particularly when moving rapidly, such as when the fuel is being dispensed into a tanker or other bulk container or vessel. While diesel fuels are not very volatile, the tankers used to transport diesel fuels are also used to transport gasoline, kerosene and other more volatile and flammable liquids. Even after the more volatile fuel is dispensed from the tanker, the vapors may still be present and pose a risk of fire or explosion from a spark generated by the discharge of static electricity from the fuel composition.
- conductivity improver improves the conductivity of the fuel, thus permitting any static charge built up during high volume transport of the fuel to safely dissipate without generating a spark.
- Conductivity improvers are also known as antistatic agents.
- the Stadis® brand of antistatic agents contain sulfur.
- Sulfur-containing antistatic agents present a problem when used with additive concentrates that contain basic nitrogen. Specifically, the ability to deliver conductivity improvement by a sulfur-containing antistatic agent dissipates very rapidly when used in additive concentrates containing basic nitrogen because of a reaction between the two materials. This is disadvantageous because it prevents pre-blending of these antistatic agents into additive concentrates that contain basic nitrogen.
- a typical fuel additive concentrate may include nitrogen-containing compounds, such as dispersants, detergents, cold flow improvers, lubricity improvers, corrosion inhibitors, stabilizers, and the like.
- nitrogen-containing compounds such as dispersants, detergents, cold flow improvers, lubricity improvers, corrosion inhibitors, stabilizers, and the like.
- compositions and methods to address the build-up and discharge of static electricity in middle distillate fuel compositions.
- a multifunctional diesel fuel additive package that when stored does not lose the ability to deliver conductivity to the fuel.
- an additive composition comprising at least one antistatic agent; and a strong acid, wherein the at least one antistatic agent and the strong acid are present in the additive composition in a weight ratio of from about 1:0.05 to about 1:1.
- a pre-blended additive composition comprising at least one antistatic agent; and a strong acid, wherein the at least one antistatic agent and the strong acid are present in the additive composition in a weight ratio of from about 1:0.05 to about 1:1.
- a method of improving the conductivity in a fuel comprising combining, with the fuel, a strong acid with a composition comprising an antistatic agent and a basic, nitrogen-containing component; wherein the strong acid is combined in an amount sufficient to neutralize at least a portion of the basic nitrogen in the component.
- less than all of the basic nitrogen needs to be neutralized to stabilize deliverable conductivity.
- only about 40%-70% of the basic nitrogen needs to be neutralized by the use of additional strong acid.
- the amount of basic nitrogen to be neutralized can vary and may be impacted by both steric availability and basicity leading in one embodiment to less than 40% of the basic nitrogen reacting with the antistatic agent.
- the present disclosure relates to an additive composition
- an additive composition comprising at least one antistatic agent; and a strong acid, wherein the at least one antistatic agent and the strong acid are present in a weight ratio of from about 1:0.05 to about 1:1.
- the additive composition can be combined/mixed/blended with a middle distillate fuel to form a fuel composition.
- the strong acid can, in one embodiment, be combined/mixed/blended with the antistatic agent in an amount sufficient to neutralize at least a portion (40-70%) or all of the basic nitrogen.
- the phrase “improved conductivity” is used to indicate that the ability of the additive package to provide conductivity to the fuel does not decline by more than about 50% from an initial measure with the conductivity additive alone. This measure is taken within 3 hours of storing the additive composition at 90° C. For example, in one embodiment the conductivity effect does not decline by more than about 30% within that 3 hour period at 90° C. As a further example, the conductivity measure declines by no more than about 30% for a period of at least 7 hours at 90° C. In some aspects, the conductivity measure can still be at least about 50% of its initial measure after 10 hours 90° C. following the preparation of the additive composition. Thus another embodiment herein provides prolonged conductivity performance of the additive package.
- a method of prolonging the conductivity performance of an additive composition comprising combining a strong acid with a composition comprising an antistatic agent, wherein the composition comprises a basic, nitrogen-containing component; and wherein the antistatic agent and the strong acid are combined in a weight ratio of about 1:0.05 to 1:1.0
- Useful basic, nitrogen-containing components such as dispersants, are known to those skilled in the art, but can include for example hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimides, polyetheramines, and Mannich base reaction products.
- conductivity benefit is used to indicate that the conductivity imparted by the additive composition is sufficient to provide a conductivity of the fuel of at least about 25 pS/m at the time and temperature of delivery of the fuel. All examples herein are well above this value, when measured at room temperature.
- the present compositions can be particularly suited for middle distillate fuel compositions.
- Middle distillate fuel compositions include, but are not limited to, jet fuels, diesel fuels, and kerosene.
- the fuel is a low-sulfur fuel having less than about 500 ppm sulfur, for example less than about 350 ppm of sulfur.
- the fuel can be an ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel or ultra-low sulfur kerosene.
- Ultra-low sulfur fuels can be generally considered to have no more than about 30 ppm of sulfur, for example no more than about 15 ppm of sulfur, and as a further example no more than about 10 ppm of sulfur.
- diesel fuel is generally considered to be a generic term encompassing diesel, biodiesel, biodiesel-derived fuel, synthetic diesel and mixtures thereof. All disclosures herein to parts per million “ppm” are by mass unless otherwise indicated.
- jet fuels although these are conventionally not regarded as “low-sulfur” or “ultra-low sulfur” fuels because their sulfur levels can be comparatively quite high. Nevertheless, jet fuels may also benefit from the conductivity improvement of the present embodiments regardless of their sulfur content.
- the antistatic agent for use in the disclosed compositions can in one embodiment comprise, based on total weight, from about 5 to 25 percent of a polysulfone, from about 5 to 25 percent of a polymeric polyamine, from about 5 to 30 percent of oil-soluble sulfonic acid, and from about 20 to 85 percent of solvent.
- the polysulfone copolymers often designated as olefin-sulfur dioxide copolymer, olefin polysulfones, or poly(olefin sulfone) can be or comprise, for example, linear polymers wherein the structure is considered to be that of alternating copolymers of the olefins and sulfur dioxide, having a one-to-one molar ratio of the comonomers with the olefins in head to tail arrangement.
- the polysulfones used herein are readily prepared by the methods known in the art (cf. Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology Vol. 9, Interscience Publishers, page 460 et seq.).
- the polyamine component of the antistatic agent disclosed herein can be or comprise, for example, a polymeric reaction product of epichlorohydrin with an aliphatic primary monoamine or N-aliphatic hydrocarbyl alkylene diamine.
- the polymeric reaction products can be prepared by heating an amine with epichlorohydrin in the molar proportions of from 1:1-1.5 in the temperature range of about 50° C. to about 100° C. Generally, with aliphatic monoamines the molar ratio can be about 1:1.
- the initial reaction product is believed to be an addition product.
- the aminochlorohydrin upon reaction with an inorganic base can then form an aminoepoxide.
- the aminoepoxide which can contain a reactive epoxide group and a reactive amino-hydrogen, can undergo polymerization to provide a polymeric material containing several amino groups.
- the ratio of epichlorohydrin to amine and the reaction temperature used are such that the polymeric reaction product can contain from 2 to 20 recurring units derived from the aminoepoxide.
- the amount of strong acid incorporated in the additive composition can be an equivalent amount, that is, a sufficient amount of strong acid to, in one embodiment, neutralize at least a portion of or all the basic nitrogen, such as a dispersant, although lesser or greater than the equivalent amount can be used.
- an amount of the strong acid sufficient to neutralize a portion of the basic nitrogen can be used effectively to achieve the improved antistatic performance of the additive package.
- the antistatic agent and the strong acid can, in one embodiment, be present in a weight ratio of about 1:0.05 to about 1:1 depending upon the amount of basic nitrogen present in the additive composition.
- compositions and methods of the present embodiments can provide conductivity to a fuel of at least 25 pS/m at the time and temperature of delivery.
- This conductivity is sufficient to meet the proposed new ASTM standard for conductivity in diesel fuels (ASTM D975 and amendments and appendices thereto) measured according to any appropriate test procedure, including but not limited to ASTM D2622 and ASTM D4951.
- ASTM D975 ASTM standard for conductivity in diesel fuels
- ASTM D4951 ASTM D2622 and ASTM D4951.
- This level of conductivity can be obtained and sustained for extended periods of time by the present embodiments.
- the disclosed fuel composition can exhibit improved conductivity as compared to a fuel composition devoid of the additive composition.
- the disclosed fuel composition can exhibit prolonged conductivity as compared to a fuel composition devoid of the additive composition.
- the fuel compositions of the present disclosure can contain supplemental additives in addition to the antistatic agent described above.
- the supplemental additives include, but are not limited to, dispersants/detergents, antioxidants, carrier fluids, metal deactivators, dyes, markers, corrosion inhibitors, biocides, additional antistatic agents, drag reducing agents, demulsifiers, dehazers, anti-icing additives, antiknock additives, cold flow improver, anti-valve-seat recession additives, lubricity additives and combustion improvers.
- the additives used in formulating the fuels of the present disclosure can be blended into the base fuel individually or in various sub-combinations. However, it is recommended to blend all of the components concurrently using an additive concentrate as this takes advantage of the mutual compatibility afforded by the combination of ingredients when in the form of an additive concentrate. Also use of a concentrate reduces blending time and lessens the possibility of blending errors.
- at least two components, such as the antistatic agent and the strong acid can be pre-blended.
- a method of prolonging the conductivity effect of an additive package in a fuel comprising: combining, with the fuel, an additive package comprising a strong acid and an antistatic agent, wherein the additive package comprises a basic, nitrogen-containing component; and wherein the antistatic agent and the strong acid are combined in a weight ratio of from about 1:0.05 to about 1:1.
- Examples 1-4 were prepared as blends of HiTEC® 4130WM, Stadis® 425 and WitconicTM 1298 Hard Acid.
- HiTEC® 4130WM is a multifunctional diesel fuel additive that contains a polyisobutylene succinimide, a cold flow improver, an ester lubricity additive, a demulsifier, a corrosion inhibitor and solvents and is available from Afton Chemical Corporation.
- HiTEC® 4130WM typically contains 0.032% nitrogen.
- Stadis® 425 is a sulfur-containing antistatic additive and is available from Innospec Fuel Specialties, LLC.
- WitconicTM 1298 Hard Acid is predominantly dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) and is available from Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry, LLC.
- DBSA dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid
- the sample formulations were sealed in glass vials and placed in an oven set to 90° C. for 16 hours. No fuel was present for the aging. This accelerated aging period is thought to be equivalent to about three (3) months storage at 20° C. After allowing the samples to cool at the end of the aging period, each was evaluated for its effect on improving the conductivity of an ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) fuel (obtained from the Citgo pipeline terminal in Richmond, Va.) at 22° C. The results are shown in Table 1.
- the test ULSD fuel had a measured conductivity of 0 picosiemens per meter (pS/m) without antistatic additive and 504 pS/m when treated with 5 ppm of Stadis® 425 by itself. All 4 example blends were added to the fuel such that the treat rate of Stadis® 425 was 5 ppm.
- a base multifunctional diesel fuel additive (“MFDA”) composition is shown in Table 2.
- the ester lubricity additive is an ethylene glycol diester of dimer acid.
- the cold flow improver is HiTEC® 4566 fuel additive (available from Afton Chemical Corporation), containing ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer and a nitrogen-containing wax anti-settling component to improve the low temperature filterability of the finished fuel.
- the cold flow improver contains 0.026% nitrogen.
- the conductivity improver (antistatic agent) is Stadis® 425 and the solvent is Aromatic 100 fluid supplied by ExxonMobil Chemical.
- Example 5-8 This base formulation was then mixed with varying amounts of WitconicTM 1298 (DBSA) and the resulting blends (Examples 5-8) were added to an ULSD fuel (obtained from ExxonMobil Corporation) at 450 ppm.
- DBSA WitconicTM 1298
- Example 5-8 the initial conductivity imparted to the fuel was measured immediately after blending the components (Column A). Additional blends were also stored at 90° C. for 16 hours as described above. After aging, these blends were added to the ExxonMobil ULSD fuel and the fuel's conductivity was again measured (Column B). The results are shown in Table 3.
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Abstract
An additive composition comprising at least one antistatic agent; and a strong acid, wherein the at least one antistatic agent and the strong acid are present in the additive composition in a ratio of from about 1:0.05 to about 1:1 is disclosed. There is also disclosed a fuel composition comprising a middle distillate fuel and the additive composition. Methods of making and using the compositions are also disclosed, Further, methods of improving and/or prolonging the conductivity of a fuel are disclosed.
Description
- 1. Field of the Disclosure
- This disclosure relates to an additive composition comprising at least one antistatic agent and at least one strong acid. The additive composition can be combined/blended/admixed with a middle distillate fuel to form a fuel composition. Methods of making and using the additive and fuel compositions are also disclosed. Also disclosed are methods of improving and/or prolonging the ability of an additive composition to impart effective conductivity to a fuel,
- 2. Background of the Disclosure
- Certain middle distillate fuel compositions, particularly diesel fuels, are capable of generating static electricity, particularly when moving rapidly, such as when the fuel is being dispensed into a tanker or other bulk container or vessel. While diesel fuels are not very volatile, the tankers used to transport diesel fuels are also used to transport gasoline, kerosene and other more volatile and flammable liquids. Even after the more volatile fuel is dispensed from the tanker, the vapors may still be present and pose a risk of fire or explosion from a spark generated by the discharge of static electricity from the fuel composition.
- These risks have become more acute in recent years with the increased popularity and use of low sulfur fuels and even more acute in recent months with the introduction of ultra-low sulfur diesel fuels. The process used to remove the sulfur from the fuels also decreases the concentration of other polar compounds in the fuel, which in turn reduces the ability of the fuel to dissipate a static charge.
- To mitigate the risks of fire or explosion with low and ultra-low sulfur fuels, it has become common to add a conductivity improver to the fuel at or prior to the point of dispensing the fuel into a bulk container. The conductivity improver, as the name suggests, improves the conductivity of the fuel, thus permitting any static charge built up during high volume transport of the fuel to safely dissipate without generating a spark. Conductivity improvers are also known as antistatic agents.
- The most common type of conductivity improver or antistatic agent used in fuels, particularly diesel fuels, has been the Stadis® brand of antistatic agents sold by Innospec Fuel Specialties, LLC, Newark, Del. The Stadis® brand of antistatic agents contain sulfur. Sulfur-containing antistatic agents present a problem when used with additive concentrates that contain basic nitrogen. Specifically, the ability to deliver conductivity improvement by a sulfur-containing antistatic agent dissipates very rapidly when used in additive concentrates containing basic nitrogen because of a reaction between the two materials. This is disadvantageous because it prevents pre-blending of these antistatic agents into additive concentrates that contain basic nitrogen. Many components of a typical fuel additive concentrate may include nitrogen-containing compounds, such as dispersants, detergents, cold flow improvers, lubricity improvers, corrosion inhibitors, stabilizers, and the like. As a result, it is often necessary to add the sulfur-containing antistatic agents separately from the other components of the additive concentrate. Thus, these types of antistatic agents must be kept in a separate tank at the depot and added separately to the fuel. Accordingly, these types of antistatic agents, apart from their inherent additional cost, require additional costs and complexity in terms of storage, handling and dispensing.
- Therefore, there is a need for compositions and methods to address the build-up and discharge of static electricity in middle distillate fuel compositions. Moreover, there is a need for a multifunctional diesel fuel additive package that when stored does not lose the ability to deliver conductivity to the fuel.
- In accordance with the disclosure, there is disclosed an additive composition comprising at least one antistatic agent; and a strong acid, wherein the at least one antistatic agent and the strong acid are present in the additive composition in a weight ratio of from about 1:0.05 to about 1:1.
- Moreover, there is also disclosed a pre-blended additive composition comprising at least one antistatic agent; and a strong acid, wherein the at least one antistatic agent and the strong acid are present in the additive composition in a weight ratio of from about 1:0.05 to about 1:1.
- In one embodiment is provided herein a method of improving the conductivity in a fuel comprising combining, with the fuel, a strong acid with a composition comprising an antistatic agent and a basic, nitrogen-containing component; wherein the strong acid is combined in an amount sufficient to neutralize at least a portion of the basic nitrogen in the component. In another embodiment, less than all of the basic nitrogen needs to be neutralized to stabilize deliverable conductivity. Thus, in some examples here only about 40%-70% of the basic nitrogen needs to be neutralized by the use of additional strong acid. The amount of basic nitrogen to be neutralized can vary and may be impacted by both steric availability and basicity leading in one embodiment to less than 40% of the basic nitrogen reacting with the antistatic agent.
- Additional objects and advantages of the disclosure will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and can be learned by practice of the disclosure. The objects and advantages of the disclosure will be realized and attained by means of the elements and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims.
- It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the disclosure, as claimed.
- The present disclosure relates to an additive composition comprising at least one antistatic agent; and a strong acid, wherein the at least one antistatic agent and the strong acid are present in a weight ratio of from about 1:0.05 to about 1:1. The additive composition can be combined/mixed/blended with a middle distillate fuel to form a fuel composition. In order to improve and/or maintain the conductivity of the fuel, the strong acid can, in one embodiment, be combined/mixed/blended with the antistatic agent in an amount sufficient to neutralize at least a portion (40-70%) or all of the basic nitrogen.
- The phrase “improved conductivity” is used to indicate that the ability of the additive package to provide conductivity to the fuel does not decline by more than about 50% from an initial measure with the conductivity additive alone. This measure is taken within 3 hours of storing the additive composition at 90° C. For example, in one embodiment the conductivity effect does not decline by more than about 30% within that 3 hour period at 90° C. As a further example, the conductivity measure declines by no more than about 30% for a period of at least 7 hours at 90° C. In some aspects, the conductivity measure can still be at least about 50% of its initial measure after 10 hours 90° C. following the preparation of the additive composition. Thus another embodiment herein provides prolonged conductivity performance of the additive package. In one embodiment, there is disclosed a method of prolonging the conductivity performance of an additive composition comprising combining a strong acid with a composition comprising an antistatic agent, wherein the composition comprises a basic, nitrogen-containing component; and wherein the antistatic agent and the strong acid are combined in a weight ratio of about 1:0.05 to 1:1.0 Useful basic, nitrogen-containing components, such as dispersants, are known to those skilled in the art, but can include for example hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimides, polyetheramines, and Mannich base reaction products.
- The term “conductivity benefit” is used to indicate that the conductivity imparted by the additive composition is sufficient to provide a conductivity of the fuel of at least about 25 pS/m at the time and temperature of delivery of the fuel. All examples herein are well above this value, when measured at room temperature.
- The present compositions can be particularly suited for middle distillate fuel compositions. Middle distillate fuel compositions include, but are not limited to, jet fuels, diesel fuels, and kerosene. In an aspect, the fuel is a low-sulfur fuel having less than about 500 ppm sulfur, for example less than about 350 ppm of sulfur. In an aspect, the fuel can be an ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel or ultra-low sulfur kerosene. Ultra-low sulfur fuels can be generally considered to have no more than about 30 ppm of sulfur, for example no more than about 15 ppm of sulfur, and as a further example no more than about 10 ppm of sulfur. The term “diesel fuel” is generally considered to be a generic term encompassing diesel, biodiesel, biodiesel-derived fuel, synthetic diesel and mixtures thereof. All disclosures herein to parts per million “ppm” are by mass unless otherwise indicated.
- The present disclosure encompasses jet fuels, although these are conventionally not regarded as “low-sulfur” or “ultra-low sulfur” fuels because their sulfur levels can be comparatively quite high. Nevertheless, jet fuels may also benefit from the conductivity improvement of the present embodiments regardless of their sulfur content.
- The antistatic agent for use in the disclosed compositions can in one embodiment comprise, based on total weight, from about 5 to 25 percent of a polysulfone, from about 5 to 25 percent of a polymeric polyamine, from about 5 to 30 percent of oil-soluble sulfonic acid, and from about 20 to 85 percent of solvent.
- The polysulfone copolymers often designated as olefin-sulfur dioxide copolymer, olefin polysulfones, or poly(olefin sulfone) can be or comprise, for example, linear polymers wherein the structure is considered to be that of alternating copolymers of the olefins and sulfur dioxide, having a one-to-one molar ratio of the comonomers with the olefins in head to tail arrangement. The polysulfones used herein are readily prepared by the methods known in the art (cf. Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology Vol. 9, Interscience Publishers, page 460 et seq.).
- The polyamine component of the antistatic agent disclosed herein can be or comprise, for example, a polymeric reaction product of epichlorohydrin with an aliphatic primary monoamine or N-aliphatic hydrocarbyl alkylene diamine. The polymeric reaction products can be prepared by heating an amine with epichlorohydrin in the molar proportions of from 1:1-1.5 in the temperature range of about 50° C. to about 100° C. Generally, with aliphatic monoamines the molar ratio can be about 1:1. The initial reaction product is believed to be an addition product. The aminochlorohydrin upon reaction with an inorganic base can then form an aminoepoxide. The aminoepoxide, which can contain a reactive epoxide group and a reactive amino-hydrogen, can undergo polymerization to provide a polymeric material containing several amino groups. The ratio of epichlorohydrin to amine and the reaction temperature used are such that the polymeric reaction product can contain from 2 to 20 recurring units derived from the aminoepoxide.
- Generally, the amount of strong acid incorporated in the additive composition can be an equivalent amount, that is, a sufficient amount of strong acid to, in one embodiment, neutralize at least a portion of or all the basic nitrogen, such as a dispersant, although lesser or greater than the equivalent amount can be used. In another embodiment, an amount of the strong acid sufficient to neutralize a portion of the basic nitrogen can be used effectively to achieve the improved antistatic performance of the additive package. Thus, the antistatic agent and the strong acid can, in one embodiment, be present in a weight ratio of about 1:0.05 to about 1:1 depending upon the amount of basic nitrogen present in the additive composition.
- The compositions and methods of the present embodiments can provide conductivity to a fuel of at least 25 pS/m at the time and temperature of delivery. This conductivity is sufficient to meet the proposed new ASTM standard for conductivity in diesel fuels (ASTM D975 and amendments and appendices thereto) measured according to any appropriate test procedure, including but not limited to ASTM D2622 and ASTM D4951. This level of conductivity can be obtained and sustained for extended periods of time by the present embodiments. The disclosed fuel composition can exhibit improved conductivity as compared to a fuel composition devoid of the additive composition. Moreover, the disclosed fuel composition can exhibit prolonged conductivity as compared to a fuel composition devoid of the additive composition.
- The fuel compositions of the present disclosure can contain supplemental additives in addition to the antistatic agent described above. The supplemental additives include, but are not limited to, dispersants/detergents, antioxidants, carrier fluids, metal deactivators, dyes, markers, corrosion inhibitors, biocides, additional antistatic agents, drag reducing agents, demulsifiers, dehazers, anti-icing additives, antiknock additives, cold flow improver, anti-valve-seat recession additives, lubricity additives and combustion improvers.
- The additives used in formulating the fuels of the present disclosure can be blended into the base fuel individually or in various sub-combinations. However, it is recommended to blend all of the components concurrently using an additive concentrate as this takes advantage of the mutual compatibility afforded by the combination of ingredients when in the form of an additive concentrate. Also use of a concentrate reduces blending time and lessens the possibility of blending errors. In an aspect, at least two components, such as the antistatic agent and the strong acid, can be pre-blended.
- Thus there is also provided herein a method of prolonging the conductivity effect of an additive package in a fuel comprising: combining, with the fuel, an additive package comprising a strong acid and an antistatic agent, wherein the additive package comprises a basic, nitrogen-containing component; and wherein the antistatic agent and the strong acid are combined in a weight ratio of from about 1:0.05 to about 1:1.
- Examples 1-4 were prepared as blends of HiTEC® 4130WM, Stadis® 425 and Witconic™ 1298 Hard Acid. HiTEC® 4130WM is a multifunctional diesel fuel additive that contains a polyisobutylene succinimide, a cold flow improver, an ester lubricity additive, a demulsifier, a corrosion inhibitor and solvents and is available from Afton Chemical Corporation. HiTEC® 4130WM typically contains 0.032% nitrogen. Stadis® 425 is a sulfur-containing antistatic additive and is available from Innospec Fuel Specialties, LLC. Witconic™ 1298 Hard Acid is predominantly dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) and is available from Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry, LLC. The sample formulations were sealed in glass vials and placed in an oven set to 90° C. for 16 hours. No fuel was present for the aging. This accelerated aging period is thought to be equivalent to about three (3) months storage at 20° C. After allowing the samples to cool at the end of the aging period, each was evaluated for its effect on improving the conductivity of an ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) fuel (obtained from the Citgo pipeline terminal in Richmond, Va.) at 22° C. The results are shown in Table 1. The test ULSD fuel had a measured conductivity of 0 picosiemens per meter (pS/m) without antistatic additive and 504 pS/m when treated with 5 ppm of Stadis® 425 by itself. All 4 example blends were added to the fuel such that the treat rate of Stadis® 425 was 5 ppm.
-
TABLE 1 Measured fuel Mass % in Blend conductivity @ % loss in Witconic ™ Blend 22° C. after blend conductivity HiTEC ® Stadis ® 1298 Hard Treat Rate aged 16 hr @ performance Example # 4130WM 425 Acid (ppm) 90° C. (pS/m) of blend 1 99.42 0.29 0.29 1720 506 0.0 2 99.49 0.29 0.22 1720 314 37.7 3 99.54 0.29 0.17 1720 143 71.6 4 99.71 0.29 0.00 1720 55 89.1 - A base multifunctional diesel fuel additive (“MFDA”) composition is shown in Table 2. The ester lubricity additive is an ethylene glycol diester of dimer acid. The cold flow improver is HiTEC® 4566 fuel additive (available from Afton Chemical Corporation), containing ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer and a nitrogen-containing wax anti-settling component to improve the low temperature filterability of the finished fuel. The cold flow improver contains 0.026% nitrogen. The conductivity improver (antistatic agent) is Stadis® 425 and the solvent is Aromatic 100 fluid supplied by ExxonMobil Chemical.
-
TABLE 2 Base MFDA formulation Function Weight % Ester lubricity additive 22.00 Cold flow improver 25.33 Conductivity improver 1.33 Aromatic solvent 51.33 - This base formulation was then mixed with varying amounts of Witconic™ 1298 (DBSA) and the resulting blends (Examples 5-8) were added to an ULSD fuel (obtained from ExxonMobil Corporation) at 450 ppm. For each of the Examples 5-8, the initial conductivity imparted to the fuel was measured immediately after blending the components (Column A). Additional blends were also stored at 90° C. for 16 hours as described above. After aging, these blends were added to the ExxonMobil ULSD fuel and the fuel's conductivity was again measured (Column B). The results are shown in Table 3.
-
TABLE 3 Column B Column A Measured fuel Mass % in Blend Initial measured conductivity @ 22° C. % loss in Base Witconic ™ 1298 fuel conductivity after blend aged 16 hr conductivity Example # MFDA Hard Acid (pS/m) @ 90° C. (pS/m) performance 5 99.89 0.11 778 769 1.2% 6 99.91 0.09 760 600 21.1% 7 99.98 0.02 750 240 68.0% 8 100.0 0.00 745 135 81.9% - The results in Table 3 indicate that lesser amounts of the strong acid (Witconic™ 1298 Hard Acid) were needed to achieve the prolonged imparted conductivity because of the reduced amounts of a basic, nitrogen-containing component in the base multifunctional diesel fuel additive composition. Comparative Example 8, having no exogenous strong acid, presented a radical loss in conductivity (81.9%) whereas the Inventive Examples 5-7 illustrate the ability of the aged additive packages provided herein to deliver effective conductivity to fuels containing an antistatic agent.
- For the purposes of this specification and appended claims, unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities, percentages or proportions, and other numerical values used in the specification and claims, are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term “about.” Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the following specification and attached claims are approximations that can vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by the present disclosure. At the very least, and not as an attempt to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of the claims, each numerical parameter should at least be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques.
- It is noted that, as used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the,” include plural referents unless expressly and unequivocally limited to one referent. Thus, for example, reference to “an antioxidant” includes two or more different antioxidants. As used herein, the term “include” and its grammatical variants are intended to be non-limiting, such that recitation of items in a list is not to the exclusion of other like items that can be substituted or added to the listed items.
- While particular embodiments have been described, alternatives, modifications, variations, improvements, and substantial equivalents that are or can be presently unforeseen can arise to applicants or others skilled in the art. Accordingly, the appended claims as filed and as they can be amended are intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications variations, improvements, and substantial equivalents.
Claims (20)
1. An additive composition comprising:
at least one antistatic agent; and
a strong acid,
wherein the at least one antistatic agent and the strong acid are present in the additive composition in a weight ratio of from about 1:0.05 to about 1:1.
2. The additive composition of claim 1 , wherein the antistatic agent comprises a mixture comprising a polysulfone, a polymeric polyamine, a sulfonic acid, and a solvent.
3. The additive composition of claim 1 , wherein the antistatic agent comprises, based on total weight, about 5 to about 25% of polysulfone, about 5 to about 25% polymeric polyamine, and about 5 to about 30% oil-soluble sulfonic acid.
4. The additive composition of claim 3 , wherein the oil-soluble sulfonic acid is or comprises an acid selected from the group consisting of benzenesulfonic acids and alkylnaphthyl sulfonic acids.
5. The additive composition of claim 1 , wherein the strong acid is or comprises an oil-soluble acid.
6. The additive composition of claim 1 , wherein the strong acid is dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid.
7. The additive composition of claim 1 , further comprising a basic, nitrogen-containing component.
8. The additive composition of claim 7 , wherein at least two components of the additive composition are pre-blended.
9. A pre-blended additive composition comprising:
at least one antistatic agent; and
a strong acid,
wherein the at least one antistatic agent and the strong acid are present in the additive composition in a ratio of from about 1:0.05 to about 1:1.
10. A fuel composition comprising:
the additive composition of claim 1 ; and
a middle distillate fuel.
11. The fuel composition of claim 10 , wherein the middle distillate fuel is an ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel.
12. The fuel composition of claim 10 , wherein the fuel composition exhibits improved conductivity as compared to a fuel composition devoid of the additive composition.
13. The fuel composition of claim 10 , wherein the fuel composition exhibits prolonged conductivity as compared to a fuel composition devoid of the additive composition.
14. A method of improving the conductivity in a fuel comprising:
combining, with the fuel, a strong acid with a composition comprising an antistatic agent and a basic, nitrogen-containing component;
wherein the strong acid is combined in an amount sufficient to neutralize at least a portion of the basic nitrogen in the component.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the antistatic agent is or comprises a mixture comprising a polysulfone, a polymeric polyamine, a sulfonic acid, and a solvent.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the basic, nitrogen-containing component is a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimide derived from a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic anhydride and a polyamine.
17. The method of claim 14 , wherein the strong acid is dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid.
18. The method of claim 14 , wherein the antistatic agent and the strong acid are combined in a weight ratio of from about 1:0.05 to about 1:1.
19. A method of improving the conductivity in a fuel comprising:
combining, with the fuel, a strong acid with a composition comprising an antistatic agent, wherein there the composition comprises a basic, nitrogen-containing component;
wherein the antistatic agent and the strong acid are combined in a weight ratio of from about 1:0.05 to 1:1.
20. A method of prolonging the conductivity effect of an additive package in a fuel comprising:
combining, with the fuel, an additive package comprising a strong acid and an antistatic agent, wherein the additive package comprises a basic, nitrogen-containing component; and
wherein the antistatic agent and the strong acid are combined in a weight ratio of from about 1:0.05 to about 1:1.
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US11/860,664 US20090077869A1 (en) | 2007-09-25 | 2007-09-25 | Diesel fuel additive compositions for prolonged antistatic performance |
EP08160792A EP2042584A3 (en) | 2007-09-25 | 2008-07-21 | Diesel fuel additive compositions for prolonged antistatic performance |
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US20140318002A1 (en) * | 2007-03-02 | 2014-10-30 | Basf Se | Additive formulation suitable for antistatic modification and improving the electrical conductivity of inanimate organic material |
US10062471B2 (en) * | 2007-03-02 | 2018-08-28 | Basf Se | Additive formulation suitable for antistatic modification and improving the electrical conductivity of inanimate organic material |
US20230220291A1 (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2023-07-13 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Antistatic fuel additives |
WO2023137323A1 (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2023-07-20 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Antistatic fuel additives |
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EP2042584A2 (en) | 2009-04-01 |
EP2042584A3 (en) | 2012-01-25 |
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