WO2008095429A1 - Glycoprotéine destinée au traitement de maladies pulmonaires obstructives chroniques - Google Patents

Glycoprotéine destinée au traitement de maladies pulmonaires obstructives chroniques Download PDF

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WO2008095429A1
WO2008095429A1 PCT/CN2008/070124 CN2008070124W WO2008095429A1 WO 2008095429 A1 WO2008095429 A1 WO 2008095429A1 CN 2008070124 W CN2008070124 W CN 2008070124W WO 2008095429 A1 WO2008095429 A1 WO 2008095429A1
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glycoprotein
group
supernatant
obstructive pulmonary
chronic obstructive
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PCT/CN2008/070124
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English (en)
French (fr)
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Jinkui Xie
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Guangzhou Konzern Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
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Priority to JP2009547515A priority Critical patent/JP2010517948A/ja
Priority to US12/526,055 priority patent/US20100048457A1/en
Publication of WO2008095429A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008095429A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/435Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • C07K14/43504Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from invertebrates
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P11/00Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P11/00Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
    • A61P11/06Antiasthmatics
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P11/00Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
    • A61P11/08Bronchodilators
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P11/00Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
    • A61P11/10Expectorants
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P29/00Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/04Antibacterial agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00Medicinal preparations containing peptides

Definitions

  • Glycoprotein for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Glycoprotein for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  • the present invention relates to a novel medicament for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (C0PD), and more particularly to a glycoprotein extracted from sputum.
  • C0PD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases are collectively referred to as chronic airway obstructive diseases. They mainly refer to chronic bronchitis and emphysema with irreversible airway obstruction.
  • the latest national epidemiological survey of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was initiated in 2002 by the Chinese Medical Association Respiratory Diseases Branch and lasted for 4 years. The survey randomly selected 20,245 adults over 40 years old in cities and rural areas such as Guangdong, Beijing, Shanghai, etc. Through questionnaires, physical examinations and lung function tests, the total prevalence of COPD was 8.2%, less than 10% of the world. The average level, male prevalence rate was 12.4%, female prevalence rate was 5.1%, urban prevalence rate was 8.8%, and rural prevalence rate was 7.8%.
  • the inhaled anticholinergic drug (ip) is more effective than the short-acting inhaled beta 2 agonist in relaxing the bronchus.
  • Long-acting ⁇ 2 receptor agonists are currently effective bronchodilators.
  • a new long-acting inhaled anticholinergic drug, tiotropium bromide, will be available soon, only once a day, and is superior to ipratropium for 4 times a day in controlling symptoms and improving lung function. treatment.
  • Theophylline is still widely used in the treatment of COPD, which can effectively improve the patient's exercise tolerance and reduce lung hyperinflation. In addition, theophylline also has an anti-inflammatory effect.
  • glucocorticoids can prevent the progression of the disease.
  • hormones can reduce the number of acute exacerbations of COPD, this effect is incomparable with the risk of hormonal side effects and the cost of treatment. In summary, there are currently no specific drugs and methods for treating C0PD.
  • the technical problem solved by the present invention is to provide a medicament for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
  • the present invention provides a medicament for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which is a glycoprotein extracted from alfalfa, which can be obtained by the following method:
  • the ethanol used in the step (2) is preferably 60% ethanol, and the step is specifically: soaking in 60% ethanol overnight, filtering to obtain the residue I, and if necessary, repeatedly extracting the obtained filter residue with 60% ethanol 1-3 Times.
  • the ethanol used in the step (4) is preferably 60% ethanol.
  • step (3) water is refluxed and extracted, and the filter residue II and the supernatant liquid are filtered, and the filter residue II can be repeatedly extracted with water, and then filtered to obtain a filter residue and a supernatant, and the supernatant obtained by multiple reflux extraction is collected together. , labeled as supernatant I.
  • the cockroach used in the step (1) is a fresh cockroach or a frozen cockroach whole worm.
  • compositions comprising a safe and effective amount of the above glycoprotein, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, diluent or carrier.
  • the pharmaceutical composition can be formulated into a capsule, granule, tablet, pill, pill, syrup, water injection, lyophilized powder injection or aerosol.
  • a further aspect of the invention provides the use of the glycoprotein in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
  • a further aspect of the invention provides the use of the glycoprotein for the preparation of an antibacterial anti-inflammatory drug.
  • the antibacterial agent is a bacterium resistant to acute or chronic pharyngitis, such as Staphylococcus aureus or sputum type hemolytic streptococcus.
  • the sputum is a gastropod in the gastropod of the gastropod, which is fresh or dry.
  • Ancient and modern Chinese medicine works such as "Shen Nong's Materia Medica”, “Compendium of Materia Medica”, “Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine”, etc., have detailed records of their sexual taste, efficacy, and attendance, and are often used to treat cough, asthma, phlegm, and throat. Symptoms such as swelling and pain.
  • the glycoprotein of the invention is a glycoprotein extracted from alcohol by sputum, has the functions of clearing away lung and removing phlegm, relieving cough and relieving asthma, and is mainly used for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma. , the chest is full, sore and stuffy, coughing and gasping, sputum, irritability, heart palpitations, etc.
  • the glycoprotein of the invention has the reagents used in the extraction process as non-toxic ethanol and water, the ethanol is easily removed, the extracted glycoprotein does not carry any toxic substances, has good efficacy, and has passed the pharmacodynamics in vitro and in vivo.
  • the neutrophils, especially eosinophils, in the peripheral blood leukocytes, alveolar lavage fluid, and lung tissue of asthmatic guinea pigs were significantly increased.
  • various types of inflammatory cells, particularly eosinophils were significantly decreased in the alveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue sections (P ⁇ 0.01). And there is a certain amount of effect relationship.
  • the glycoprotein of the present invention can promote the excretion of phenol red through the trachea and bronchial mucosa, and is equivalent to the excretion ability of the same concentration of ammonium chloride;
  • glycoprotein of the present invention can promote the mucociliary transport of rabbit tracheal mucosa, and the high and medium concentration doses are equivalent to those of acetylcholine chloride.
  • the glycoprotein of the present invention has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects against mouse-infected Staphylococcus aureus and hemolytic Streptococcus mutans, and its intensity is comparable to that of ofloxacin.
  • the experiment also revealed that the glycoprotein of the present invention can reduce the number of deaths in the guinea pig model of asthma and prolong the incubation period of the asthma.
  • the glycoprotein of the present invention can be used for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and can achieve anti-asthmatic, antitussive, and expectorant effects by inhibiting inflammatory cell infiltration, thereby further treating a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
  • the principle of pathogenesis of COPD is very specific.
  • the glycoprotein of the present invention for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples and experimental examples. The following embodiments and experimental examples are merely for explaining this.
  • the glycoprotein of the invention should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, and equivalent variations made in accordance with the disclosure of the invention are still within the scope of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a microscopic view of the degree of inflammatory lesions in the lung tissue of rats in the model control group of Experiment 2. 5; FIG. 2 is the inflammation of the lung tissue of the rat low-dose group of glycoprotein in the experiment. Microscopic observation of the degree of lesions; Figure 3 is a microscopic observation of the degree of inflammatory lesions in the lung tissue of rats in the middle dose group of the glycoprotein in the middle dose group; Figure 4 is the high dose group of the rat glycoprotein in the experiment 2.
  • Figure 5 is a microscopic observation of the degree of inflammatory lesions in the bronchus of the lung tissue of the dexamethasone control group in the experiment 2.
  • Figure 6 is a bar graph of the change in the incubation period of asthmatic guinea pigs in each experimental group in Experiment 2.6, A: Asthma Model group; B: aminophylline treatment group; C: ⁇ low dose treatment group; D: sputum medium dose treatment group; E: ⁇ high dose treatment group, *P ⁇ 0. W compared with non-treatment group.
  • Figure 7 Morphological observation of eosinophil infiltration in lung tissue of normal control group in 2.6;
  • Figure 8 is a morphological observation of the eosinophil infiltration in the lung tissue of the model group in Experiment 2.6
  • Figure 9 is a morphological observation of the eosinophil infiltration in the lung tissue of the aminophylline treatment group in Experiment 2.6;
  • Figure 10 is a graphical observation of the morphology of eosinophil infiltration in the lung tissue of the low-dose treatment group in Experiment 2.6;
  • Figure 11 is a morphological observation of the eosinophil infiltration in the lung tissue of the sputum medium dose treatment group in Experiment 2.6;
  • Figure 12 is a graphical representation of the morphological observation of eosinophil infiltration in the lung tissue of the high-dose treatment group in Experiment 2.6. detailed description
  • Pretreatment of medicinal materials Thaw in double distilled water to remove sediment, weeds, etc. from the cockroaches.
  • Extraction method The cockroaches were taken out from the -20 ° C water repellency, and the mash was divided into 4 portions, and each lkg was thawed in double distilled water, which took about 2 hours. Then put the cockroaches into the DS-200 high-speed tissue masher (Jiangsu Jiangyin Scientific Research Instrument Factory), crush 200g each time, 5 times per part, after crushing, centrifuge, 4000 r/min, l Omin, the supernatant was decanted and retained, and the residue was repeatedly operated as above. The last 4 mashes were added with 1 L, 2 L, 3 L, and 4 L of double distilled water.
  • glycoprotein prepared in Example 1 as the main raw material, and adding appropriate excipients, according to the method and requirements of the first general rule of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2000 edition, granules, tablets, pills, pills, syrups, water injections are prepared. , freeze-dried powder injection or aerosol.
  • Glycoprotein It was developed by the Institute of Pharmacology and Pharmacy of Nanhua University. It is expected that the clinical daily dose will be 700mg, batch number: 2005012. The raw material sample is light yellow powder, the gas is slightly sputum, and the taste is slightly bitter and salty. The administration volume was 10 ml/kg. During the experiment, the drug was prepared with 0.9% physiological saline solution, stored in a water tank, and shaken while using.
  • the high dose of experimental animals was converted to three times the clinical dose of adults by weight, and the high, medium and low doses were decreased by 3, and the high, medium and low doses of rats were 210, 70, 23 mg/kg, respectively. 21, 7 and 2. 3 mg/ml, respectively, the dosage volume is 10 ml / kg; the high, medium and low doses of the mice are 300, respectively. 100, 33 mg/kg, the administration concentrations were 30, 10, and 3.3 mg/ml, respectively, and the administration volume was 10 ml/kg.
  • the high, medium and low doses of guinea pig were 210, 70, 23 mg/kg, respectively, and the doses were 21, 7, and 2.3 mg/ml, respectively.
  • the dosage volume was 10 ml/kg.
  • the drug was prepared in a water tank with 0.9% physiological saline solution. Store in cold storage and shake evenly.
  • Bacteria Staphylococcus aureus provided by the Department of Microbiology, University of South China; Type B hemolytic streptococcus (32172), provided by the Ministry of Health Pharmaceutical and Biological Products.
  • Phenol red produced by Beijing Chemical Plant, batch number 980820;
  • IL-2, 4 kit was purchased from Shenzhen Jingmei Company.
  • the full-price pellet feed for rats was provided by the Experimental Animal Center of the College of Animal Science and Technology of Hunan Agricultural University.
  • RSP Right ventricular systolic pressure
  • the neck is incision in the neck, and the right jugular vein is exposed.
  • the plastic microcatheter treated with 1% heparin solution is inserted into the right jugular vein to a depth of about 3 cm to reach the right ventricle.
  • the other end of the catheter The eight-lead physiological recorder (RM-6300, Japan) was used for pressure measurement; the left common carotid artery was exposed at the same time, and the body motion was measured for permanent pressure.
  • RVHI right ventricle / (left ventricle + ventricular septum weight)]: Animals are sacrificed by bleeding, open the chest to remove the heart, cut the connection between the two atrium and the ventricle at the atrioventricular ring, and then from the right ventricle Cut the right ventricle. Rinse the heart with saline, filter the water, and weigh the right ventricle and the left ventricle plus the compartment.
  • Cytological examination of lung perfusion fluid Prepare a constant pressure perfusion device, constant pressure constant temperature perfusion oxygenated Leroy solution, temperature 37C, the bottom of the liquid storage bottle is higher than the water level of the tee tube 60-100 cm. After the animals are sacrificed, the chest cavity is quickly opened and separated. The trachea, the cut trachea and the heart and lung were taken out together, placed in a culture of Oxygen in 37 ° C, and the lungs were gently squeezed with a cotton ball to discharge the gas in the lungs.
  • the trachea is ligated to the cannula with a cotton thread, and is connected with the tee tube, and the tee tube is opened to perfuse the Loose solution, and a needle is scattered on the surface of the lung by a needle, and the flow rate is adjusted to about 25 ml/min. .
  • the aminophylline group Compared with the model group, There was no significant reduction in emphysema lesions; low dose group: no significant reduction in emphysema lesions compared with model group; middle dose group: compared with model group, emphysema lesions were somewhat relieved, pulmonary small arterial lesions Both are significantly improved. ⁇ High-dose group: Compared with the model group, the emphysema lesions were somewhat relieved, and the small arteriolar lesions in the lungs were significantly improved. See Table 1 for specific parameters.
  • mice Take 20 to 25g mice, 90 male and female. They were divided into 6 groups according to the random grouping method. The normal control group was not given S02 stimulation and normal feeding. The other groups were subjected to S02 stimulation every day, taking an 8L glass bell jar, placing an evaporating dish in it, and evaporating.
  • the model control group was given a saline solution of 15 ml/kg; the positive control group was given dexamethasone 1.2 mg/kg intragastrically once a day for 10 days, and dextromethorphan was given from the eighth day.
  • Oral solution 15mg / kg gavage, once a day, a total of 3 days; ⁇ extraction of glycoprotein large, medium and small dose groups 150mg, lOOmg., 60mg / kg respectively, once a day, a total of 10 days.
  • Blank control group 15 15ml/kg 12.10 + 4. 41 111.90 + 10.70 dextromethorphan 15 15mg/kg 17.70 + 4. 521** 77.60 ⁇ 9 ⁇ 88** ⁇ high dose group 15 300mg/ kg 16.60 ⁇ 5 ⁇ 21* 70.00 + 14.43** Medium dose group 15 lOOmg/kg 15.90 + 4. 01* 82.70 + 11.67** ⁇ 4.70 + 5. 17 105.60 + 11.64
  • glycoprotein can significantly prolong the cough latency and reduce the number of coughs. There was a significant difference between the large and medium doses and the saline control group. There was an increase in cough latency in the low-dose group, but there was no significant difference. 2.3 The effect of glycoprotein on the sputum in mice with chronic bronchitis
  • mice Take 20 to 25g mice, 90 male and female. They were divided into 6 groups according to the randomization method.
  • the normal control group was not given S0 2 stimulation, and was normally reared. The other groups were subjected to S0 2 stimulation every day. The method was the same as the above cough test.
  • the model control group was given physiological saline solution. 15ml/kg gavage; positive control group, dexamethasone 1.2mg/kg was administered intragastrically once a day for 10 days, and from the eighth day, 1.2% NH 4 CL solution 0.5ml/mouse was given once a day.
  • glycoprotein large, medium and small dose groups 500mg, 100mg, 20mg / kg respectively, once a day, a total of 10 days.
  • the whole condition of each group of mice was observed.
  • 0.5 ml of 1% saline phenol red solution was intraperitoneally injected.
  • the mice were sacrificed and the mice were fixed on the operating table.
  • Blank control group 15 15ml/kg 0.0338 + 0.00958 Dexamethasone + NH 4 CL 15 1.2mg/ kg+0.5ml/0.0736 ⁇ 0 ⁇ 01106** ⁇ Large dose group 15 300mg/kg 0.0640 + 0.01376** Medium dose Group 15 lOOmg / kg 0.0494 + 0.01062** ⁇ low dose group 15 33mg / kg 0.0384 + 0.00690
  • mice Take 250 ⁇ 300g healthy SD rats, 60 male and female.
  • pre-selected mice before the test pre-selection method: Take 10ml of sputum liquid (4% Histamine and 2% acetylcholine chloride) into the ultrasonic atomizer, turn on the atomizer, spray lmin, determine the incubation period (the time from the start of the spray to the convulsion and fall) exceeds 1 Omin. The patients were discarded, and the rest were divided into 5 groups according to the random grouping method.
  • the formal experiment was carried out: Firstly, a model of chronic bronchitis was established. Modeling method: Anesthetized rats were intraperitoneally injected with 10% chloral hydrate solution 0.3 ml / 100 g.
  • the rats were fixed on the operating table, the tongue was pulled out, the glottis was exposed, and a polyethylene tube with a length of about 8 cm and a diameter of 0.1 cm was used as a tracheal tube.
  • the tracheal tube was quickly inserted into the trachea, and a small amount of water was applied to the tube.
  • the water column moves up and down with the rat's breathing, indicating that the trachea has been inserted, and 200ug/200ul of lipopolysaccharide (PLS) is injected into the trachea for three weeks.
  • PLS lipopolysaccharide
  • the model control group is given a saline solution of 15ml/kg; In the control group, dexamethasone 1.
  • Blank control group 15 15ml / kg 292. 60 + 36. 89
  • the rats were intraperitoneally injected with 10% chloral hydrate solution 0.4 ml / 100 g.
  • the anesthetized rats were fixed on the operating table, and the neck, thoracic airway and lung were opened. Tissue, observing the general specimen, then fixed with 10% formalin solution, paraffin-embedded, sectioned with HE staining, microscopic observation of the extent of inflammatory lesions in the lung tissue, including epithelial integrity, gland thickness, Submucosal inflammatory cell infiltration, lymphoid follicles. And the thickness of the tracheal wall and the thickness of the gland layer.
  • Model group rat airway endocrine secretion increased significantly, epithelial incomplete, airway gland thickening, tracheal mucosa, submucosal large number of mononuclear inflammatory cells infiltration, bronchial peripheral lymphoid follicle formation (see Figure 2);
  • Treatment group Rat airway endocrine secretion decreased, tracheal epithelial layer was basically intact, tracheal wall and gland layer were thinner than model group, submucosal inflammatory cell infiltration was alleviated, and bronchial peripheral lymphoid follicle was small (see Figure 3).
  • guinea pig bronchitis asthma model 90 guinea pigs were randomly divided into the following six groups of 15 rats each.
  • a blank control group (healthy guinea pig), B model control group (untreated), C positive drug control group (aminophylline), D ⁇ capsule group (low dose 23mg/kg/d), E ⁇ extraction glycoprotein group (medium dose 70mg/kg/d), F ⁇ extraction glycoprotein group (high dose 210mg/kg/ d).
  • each animal was intraperitoneally injected with 100 ml/L aluminum hydroxide 1 ml, and the thigh muscle was injected with 1% ovalbumin (Sigma) 0.5 ml.
  • the blank control group was treated with physiological saline instead of aluminum hydroxide and ovalbumin. After two weeks, the spray was sealed, and a constant pressure of 400 mmHg was sprayed with 0.5% ovalbumin saline to stimulate the breathing, such as accelerated breathing, nodding, abdominal muscle contraction (a sign of forced breathing).
  • the blank control group was also treated with physiological saline.
  • A blank control group (healthy guinea pig) B, model control group (untreated) C, positive drug control group (aminophylline) D, sputum sputum group (low dose 23 mg) /kg/d ) E, sputum sputum group (medium dose 70mg/kg/d) F, sputum sputum group (high dose 210mg/kg/d), lasting seven days.
  • the last aspiration was recorded between the time when the guinea pig was sprayed into ovalbumin to the contraction of the abdominal muscles, that is, the incubation period. Record the severity of asthma (five levels, zero: no significant response.
  • Level 1 slight nose, trembling, vertical hair.
  • Level 2 coughing several times, having nose, trembling, vertical hair.
  • Level 3 Multiple or continuous cough, difficulty breathing, or convulsions, etc.
  • Level 4 sputum, convulsions, incontinence, shock and death.) 24 hours after 1% pentobarbital 1. 5ml intraperitoneal injection anesthesia. The venous blood stasis is performed, and the white blood cell count of the peripheral blood is counted.
  • the alveolar lavage was performed to observe the infiltration of lung tissue cells.
  • the lung tissue was examined by ordinary paraffin section, HE staining was used to observe the tissue eosinophil infiltration:
  • Modeling and grouping methods are the same as 2. 6.
  • the trachea is ligated to the cannula with a cotton thread, and is connected with the tee tube, the tee tube is opened to perfuse the Loose solution, and a needle is scattered on the surface of the lung by a dozen or so, and the flow rate is adjusted to about 25 ml / min left. Right. And save 5ml of its lung perfusate for inflammatory factor detection.
  • the flow rate was constant, the bronchopulmonary contraction was induced by 0.5% ovalbumin saline through a tee. After 30 seconds, the fluid flow per minute was observed and recorded for 6-10 minutes.
  • the statistical data were expressed by X s, and one-way ANOVA was used. The Newman-Keul s method was used to compare the two groups. P ⁇ 0.05 is the difference significance.
  • Type group 3 T 2. 2' ⁇ 3. 0 2. 2
  • IL-2 and IL-4 were significantly increased in serum and alveolar lavage fluid (BALF); in the sputum and theanine treatment group, both were significantly reduced.
  • Serum IL-2 BALF IL-2 Serum IL-4 BALF IL-4 Normal control group 0. 79 ⁇ 0. 53 0 11 ⁇ 0. 06 1. 68 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 35 25. 71 ⁇ 6. 70 Asthma model group 6 32 ⁇ 3. 20 ' 0 30 ⁇ 0. 15* 7. 87 ⁇ 3. 48 ' 53. 78 ⁇ 23. 67 1 ⁇ medium dose group 1. 26 ⁇ 0. 98 b 0 12 0. 09 b 1. 89 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 46 b 29. 88 ⁇ 11. 23 b Theophylline treatment group 1. 45 ⁇ 0. 86 b 0 13 0. 08 b 1. 78 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 56 b 26. 81 ⁇ 7. 76 b Compared with the normal group ⁇ 0.05, compared with the model group ⁇ ⁇ 0. 05
  • mice Take 20 ⁇ 25g mice, both male and female.
  • pre-selection method take a 1L beaker, put an evaporation sub-form in the evaporation, add 0.5 g of anhydrous sodium citrate, add 5 ml of 50% sulfuric acid to the evaporation la, and immediately cover it. Cover, start recording according to the stopwatch, wait 15 seconds, quickly put the mouse into the beaker, stimulate the mouse for 30s, stop the watch, open the cover and take out the mouse. The mice were observed to have cough (mouse mouth or coughing sound) within 3 min as qualified mice. The cough latency and number of coughs were recorded.
  • mice After formal feeding for three days, the qualified mice were evenly divided into 5 groups, the blank control group was treated with physiological saline solution 15 ml/kg; the positive control group was treated with dextromethorphan oral solution 15 mg/kg; ⁇ extract glycoprotein large, medium In the low-dose group, the doses were 300mg, 100mg, and 33mg/kg, respectively. All animals were intragastrically administered once a day for 5 consecutive days. After the last administration, 1 hour, the mice were placed in a beaker according to the same conditions and methods of pre-selection test, and the mice were stimulated for 30 s, and the cough of each mouse was recorded. Latency and number of coughs within 3 minutes. The mean and standard deviation of cough latency and cough frequency in the mice in the treatment group were compared with the blank control group, and t-test was performed between the groups to observe the antitussive effect of the glycoprotein extracted from the sputum. See Table 10. Table 10
  • Blank control group 15 15ml / kg 15. 70 ⁇ 4. 74 69. 90 ⁇ 13.
  • Modeling and grouping methods are the same as 2.8. 1, after 30 minutes of the last administration, intraperitoneal injection of 0.25% phenol red solution
  • ammonium chloride had a significant enthalpy effect, which significantly increased the phenol red emission, which was significantly different from the control group.
  • the administration of glycoprotein at 300 mg/kg has the same effect as ammonium chloride, and is significantly different from the control group.
  • cilia activity is active +
  • a drop of ink on the tracheal mucosa shows that the ink particles move in one direction (throat direction), and the eyepiece micrometer and stopwatch particle moving speed, that is, the cilia mucus transport speed (second/2 mm).
  • the results are shown in Table 12.
  • Table 12 Effect of glycoprotein on tracheal ciliary movement in rabbits
  • mice were randomly divided into 6 groups, control group, model group, positive drug group (ofloxacin 0.5g/kg), Three doses of glycoprotein (5g, lg, 0. 5g/kg X) Animals were observed for food intake, drinking water and activity as normal values. Then, except for the control group, other rats were intraperitoneally and subcutaneously injected with Staphylococcus aureus. Each of the liquids was 0.5 ml, which caused the animal to be infected. The next day, the animals were given the stomach for 5 days, twice daily, and the animals were observed for food intake, drinking water and activity, and the average number of days of survival, and compared with the control group, the results were statistically processed. Table 13, Table 14. Table 13 Therapeutic effect of sputum sputum on infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus
  • Control group 15 3. 6 4. 6 3. 5/4. 4 3. 6/4. 5 4. 2/4. 4 4. 0/4. 4 4. 1/4. 4 Model group 15 3. 5 4. 5 2. 5/2. 3* 2. 5/2. 2* 2. 0/1. 9* 2. 2/2. 0* 2. 9/3. 1 * Ofloxacin group 15 500 3. 5 4. 4 1. 9/2. 7** 2. 5/3. 2** 3. 2/3. 0** 3. 6/3. 5** 3. 9/4. 3* * ⁇ High dose group 15 300 3. 6 4. 6 2. 1/2. 2** 2. 0/3. 2** 2. 6/3. 2** 3. 3/2. ⁇ ** 4 0/4. 0** Medium dose group 15 100 3. 4 4. 4 2. 3/2. 5 1. 8/3. 0 2. 3/2. 2 2. 7/2. 5 3. 7/3.
  • Control group 15 3. 5 4. 6 3. 6/4. 5 3. 7/4. 4 4. 0/4. 3 4. 2/4. 5 4. 3/4. 6
  • Model group 15 3. 6 4. 5 2. 3/2. 1 1. 9/1. 8* 2. 0/1. 8* 2. 5/2. 5* 2. 8/2. 5* Ofloxacin 15 500 3. 5 4. 5 2. 1/2. 3 2. 3/3. 6** 2. 9/3. ⁇ ** 3. 2/3. 4. 5/4. 2** Star Group

Description

一种治疗慢性阻塞性肺病的糖蛋白 技术领域
本发明涉及一种治疗慢性阻塞性肺病(C0PD)的新药, 特别涉及一种从蛞 蝓中提取的一种糖蛋白。 背景技术
慢性阻塞性肺病 ( chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, COPD ) 是慢性气道阻塞性疾病的统称, 主要指具有不可逆性气道阻塞的慢性支气管 炎和肺气肿两种疾病。 最新的全国性慢阻肺流行病学调查是从 2002年开始, 由中华医学会呼吸病分会主持的, 历时 4年。 调查先后在广东、 北京、 上海 等城市和农村随机抽取了 20245名 40岁以上成年人, 通过问卷调查、 体检和 肺功能测试, 发现 C0PD的总患病率为 8.2%, 低于 10%的全球平均水平, 其 中男性患病率为 12.4%, 女性患病率为 5.1%, 城市患病率 8.8%, 农村患病 率 7.8 %。 现阶段我国约有 4000万 C0PD患者, 每年死于 C0PD的已超过 100 万人。 同时, 约有 500万〜 1000万人因患 C0PD而致残、 丧失劳动能力和生活 无法自理。 且 C0PD患者中只有 65.8%有明显症状, 很大部分无症状的病人被 忽视。 目前能被确诊并接受规范治疗的 C0PD病人只有 30%左右, 近 70%被漏 诊。 在过去的 35年中, C0PD的死亡率上升了 100%, 其已经成为我国城市第 四大 "杀手" , 仅次于脑血管意外、 肿瘤和心脏病。 长期抽烟的人, 15%至 20%的吸烟者会发展为慢阻肺患者; 被动吸烟的成 年人患 C0PD的机会也会增加 10% -43%。 反复有呼吸道感染的人、 长期受室 内污染的人、从事的职业有粉尘环境的人都是诱发 C0PD的高危人群。预计 C0PD 的发病率和死亡率还会不断攀升。 因此, 防治 COPD病已引起社会的高度重视。 目前治疗 COPD主要的药物是支气管扩张剂, 虽然其对支气管扩张的效果 是微弱的, 但是却可以明显地改善患者的症状和肺过度充气。 吸入型抗胆碱 能药物(异丙托溴胺)对支气管的舒张作用强于短效吸入型 β 2受体激动剂。 长效 β 2受体激动剂(沙美特罗、 福莫特罗)是目前常规使用的有效的支气管 扩张剂。 一种新型长效吸入抗胆碱能药物一噻托溴胺近期将上市, 每日只需 用药 1次, 在控制症状和改善肺功能指标方面均优于异丙托溴胺每日 4次的 治疗。 茶碱仍然广泛用于治疗 COPD , 可有效地改善患者运动耐力和减轻肺过 度充气。 另外, 茶碱还有抗炎作用。
由于 COPD患者气道和肺内存在慢性炎症, 推测糖皮质激素可以阻止疾病 的进展。 有 1 0 %左右的 C0PD患者对糖皮质激素治疗有反应, 可能这些患者合 并有支气管哮喘, 应该使用吸入型糖皮质激素, 其余患者对糖皮质激素治疗 无反应。 目前有 4项长期大规模临床研究表明, 吸入糖皮质激素对 C0PD进程 无影响。 尽管应用激素可以减少 C0PD急性加重的次数, 但这种作用与患者所 承担的激素副作用的风险和治疗费用无法比拟。 总之, 目前没有治疗 C0PD的 特效药物和方法。 现有所有的治疗都不能阻止 C0PD疾病的进程。 目前正在研 究抑制炎症过程的治疗药物, 包括炎症介质和蛋白酶抑制剂, 如正处于临床 试验阶段的磷酸二酯酶 4抑制剂, 已初露曙光, 但还未上市, 目前亟待开发 治疗 C0PD的新药, 需要更多的针对 C0PD细胞学、 分子学发病机制的研究以 推动新药的研制。 发明内容
本发明解决的技术问题是提供一种治疗慢性阻塞性肺病的药物。 本发明提供一种治疗慢性阻塞性肺病的药物是从蛞蝓中提取出来的糖蛋 白, 其可通过下述方法提取获得:
( 1 )先将蛞蝓处理成干粉, 备用;
( 2 )将蛞蝓干粉用乙醇提取, 过滤, 弃上清液, 得滤渣 I;
( 3 )将滤渣 I干燥脱醇, 加水回流提取, 过滤, 取上清液 I;
( 4 )将上清液 I用醇沉淀, 离心, 弃上清, 将沉淀物脱醇, 冻干, 即得目标 糖蛋白。
其中, 步骤(2 ) 中所用的乙醇最好为 60%乙醇, 该步骤具体为: 用 60% 乙醇浸泡过夜, 过滤得滤渣 I , 根据需要, 可将所得滤渣用 60%乙醇重复提取 1-3次。
其中, 步骤(4 ) 中所用的乙醇最好为 60%的乙醇。
其中步骤(3 ) 中加水回流提取, 过滤得滤渣 II与上清液, 所述滤渣 II可 重复用水回流提取, 然后过滤得到滤渣和上清液, 将多次回流提取的上清液 收集到一起, 标记为上清液 I 。
其中, 步骤(1 ) 中所用的蛞蝓为鲜蛞蝓或者冷冻处理的蛞蝓全虫。
本发明的另一方面提供一种药物组合物, 其含有安全有效剂量的上述的 糖蛋白, 以及药学上可接受的赋形剂、 稀释剂或载体。 该药物组合物可制成 胶嚢剂、 颗粒剂、 片剂、 丸剂、 滴丸剂、 糖浆剂、 水针剂、 冻干粉针剂或者 气雾剂。
本发明的又一方面提供所述糖蛋白在制备治疗慢性阻塞性肺病的药物中 的应用。
本发明的再一方面提供所述糖蛋白在制备抗菌消炎药物中的应用。 所述的抗菌是抗与急慢性咽炎致病有关的细菌, 如金黄色葡萄球菌或者 曱型溶血性链球菌等。
蛞蝓为腹足类腹足纲肺螺目蛞蝓科中有肺软体动物, 新鲜或干燥全体作 药用。 《神农本草经》、 《本草纲目》、 《中药大辞典》等古今中医药著作, 对其 性味归经、 功效、 主治归等都有详细记载, 常用于治疗咳、 喘、 痰呜、 咽喉 肿痛等症候。 本发明的糖蛋白为从蛞蝓中用醇提取的糖蛋白, 有清肺化痰、 止咳平喘, 的作用, 主要用于慢性阻塞性肺病、 慢性支气管炎、 支气管哮喘 等疾患的治疗, 症见, 胸部膨满, 涨闷如塞, 咳喘气逆, 痰多, 烦躁, 心悸 等。
本发明的糖蛋白, 其提取工艺中所用试剂为无毒性的乙醇和水, 乙醇容 易脱除, 提取出的糖蛋白不带有任何有毒物质, 药效好, 而且已通过体外、 体内药效学实验, 从细胞水平证实了该药对 C0PD有针对性治疗作用:
(1)在哮喘豚鼠外周血的白细胞、 肺泡灌洗液、 肺组织中嗜中性粒细胞、 特别是嗜酸性粒细胞均明显增高。 但给模型动物哮喘豚鼠进食有效剂量的本 发明的蛞蝓提取糖蛋白后, 肺泡灌洗液和肺组织切片中, 各类炎性细胞特别 是嗜酸性粒细胞明显降低(P<0. 01 ), 并有一定的量效关系。
(2)本发明的糖蛋白能促进酚红经气管和支气管粘膜的排泄, 与同等浓度 的氯化铵的排泄能力相当;
(3)本发明的糖蛋白能促进家兔气管粘膜纤毛运, 其高、 中浓度剂量作用 与氯化乙酰胆碱相当。
(4)本发明的糖蛋白对小鼠感染的金色葡萄球菌和溶血性曱型链球菌有 抗菌消炎作用, 其强度与氧氟沙星相当。 (5)实验还揭示: 本发明的糖蛋白可以减少哮喘模型豚鼠的死亡数, 延长 诱喘潜伏期。
本发明的糖蛋白可用于治疗慢性阻塞性肺病, 通过抑制炎症细胞浸润而 实现平喘、 止咳、 祛痰作用, 进而对慢性阻塞性肺病起治疗作用。 与 C0PD的 发病学原理具有非常的针对性, 下面将结合具体实施例, 以及实验例来详细 的介绍本发明的治疗慢性阻塞性肺病的糖蛋白, 以下的实施方式及实验例仅 仅用于解释本发明的糖蛋白不应以此来限制本发明的保护范围, 根据本发明 公开的内容所作的等同变化仍属于本发明的保护范围。
附图说明 图 1为实验 2. 5 中模型对照组大鼠肺组织支气管的炎性病变程度显微镜 观察图; 图 2为实验 2. 5 中蛞蝓糖蛋白低剂量组大鼠肺组织支气管的炎性病变程 度显微镜观察图; 图 3为实验 2. 5 中蛞蝓糖蛋白中剂量组大鼠肺组织支气管的炎性病变程 度显微镜观察图; 图 4为实验 2. 5 中蛞蝓糖蛋白高剂量组大鼠肺组织支气管的炎性病变程 度显微镜观察图; 图 5为实验 2. 5 中地塞米松对照组大鼠肺组织支气管的炎性病变程度显 微镜观察图;
图 6为实验 2. 6中各实验组豚鼠哮喘发作潜伏期的变化的柱形图, A: 哮喘 模型组; B: 氨茶碱治疗组; C: 蛞蝓低剂量治疗组; D: 蛞蝓中剂量治疗组; E: 蛞蝓高剂量治疗组, *P<0. W与非治疗组相比。
图 7实验 2.6中正常对照组肺组织嗜酸性粒细胞浸润情况的形态学观察 图;
图 8为实验 2.6中模型组肺组织嗜酸性粒细胞浸润情况的形态学观察图; 图 9为实验 2.6中氨茶碱治疗组肺组织嗜酸性粒细胞浸润情况的形态学观 察图;
图 10为实验 2.6中蛞蝓低剂量治疗组肺组织嗜酸性粒细胞浸润情况的形 态学观察图;
图 11为实验 2.6中蛞蝓中剂量治疗组肺组织嗜酸性粒细胞浸润情况的形 态学观察图;
图 12为实验 2.6中蛞蝓高剂量治疗组肺组织嗜酸性粒细胞浸润情况的形 态学观察图。 具体实施方式
实施例 1 蛞蝓糖蛋白的制备
药材来源: 广西百色产足襞蛞蝓( Vaginnlns alte Ferussac ), 新鲜冻 存 -20°C水拒中备用。
药材前处理: 双蒸水中解冻, 去除蛞蝓中的泥沙、 杂草等。
提取方法: 从 -20°C水拒中取出蛞蝓, 将蛞蝓分成 4份, 每份 lkg, 置双蒸 水中解冻, 需时约 2小时。 然后将蛞蝓放入 DS-200高速组织捣碎机(江苏江阴 科研器械厂)搅碎, 每次 200g , 每份分 5次, 搅碎后, 离心, 4000 r/min, l Omin, 上清液倾出并保留, 残渣反复如上操作, 最后 4份蛞蝓分别加入 1L、 2L、 3L、 4L双蒸水。 将提取液 4 °C静置过夜后, 可见上面明显有一脂肪层, 4 层纱布过滤, 然后滤纸抽滤, 处理完毕后, 用苯酚 -硫酸法多糖定量; 用 BCA 法行蛋白定量。
然后进行冷冻干燥, 将蛞蝓提取液置冷冻干燥机内 -40°C冻干 12h,逐渐升 温至 4 °C , 并保持此温度 12h, 再由 4 °C升温至 30 °C , 此过程历时 10h, 最后得 到蛞蝓糖蛋白, 呈淡黄色粉末。 实施例 2 各种剂型的制备
以实施例 1制备的蛞蝓糖蛋白为主要原料, 加适当辅料, 根据中国药典 2000年版第一部制剂通则的方法和要求, 制出颗粒剂, 片剂, 丸剂, 滴丸剂, 糖浆剂, 水针剂, 冻干粉针剂或者气雾剂。
实验例
1、 实验材料
1. 1药物与试剂
1 )蛞蝓糖蛋白: 由南华大学药物药理研究所研制提供, 预期人临床日用 量为 700mg , 批号: 2005012。 原料样品为淡黄色粉末, 气微腥, 味微苦咸。 给药体积为 10ml/kg。 实验时药物用 0. 9%生理盐水溶液配制置, 水箱中冷藏保 存, 临用时摇匀。
实验动物的高剂量按体重折算为成人临床用量的 3倍, 高、 中、 低剂量以 3为等比递减, 大鼠高、 中、 低剂量分别为 210、 70、 23mg/kg , 给药浓度分别 为 21、 7、 2. 3mg/ml , 给药体积为 10ml /kg; 小鼠高、 中、 低剂量分别为 300、 100、 33mg/kg, 给药浓度分别为 30、 10、 3.3mg/ml, 给药体积为 10ml/kg。 豚 鼠高、 中、 低剂量分别为 210、 70、 23mg/kg, 给药浓度分别为 21、 7、 2.3mg/ml, 给药体积为 10ml/kg; 药物用 0.9%生理盐水溶液配制置水箱中冷藏保存, 临用 时摇匀。
2)氧氟沙星, 由上海普康药业有限公司生产, 批号 20060219。
3)培养基 牛肉膏, 北京奥博星生物技术责任有限公司, 批号 20040218;
4)蛋白胨, 北京奥博星生物技术责任有限公司, 批号 20060402。
5)细菌 金黄色葡萄球菌, 由南华大学微生物学教研室提供; 乙型溶血 性链球菌 ( 32172 ), 由卫生部药品生物制品检定所提供。
6) 氯化铵, 北京制药厂生产, 批号 021018;
7)苯酚红, 北京化工厂生产, 批号 980820;
8)碳酸氢钠, 北京化工厂生产, 批号 031012。
9)弹力蛋白酶, 批号为 90562745、 卵白蛋白 美国 Sigma公司,
10)氨茶碱, 氢氧化铝、 戊巴比妥、 生理盐水、 乐氏液、 二氧化硫(购 于利科药物公司)。
11 ) IL- 2、 4试剂盒 (ELISA) 购于深圳晶美公司。
12) 氯化乙酰胆碱, 上海国药集团化学试剂有限公司, 批号 040910。
1.2 实验动物
1 ) SD大白鼠, 雌雄各半, 150-200g。 由湖南农业大学动物科技学院实验 动物中心提供, 合格证号: scxk (湘): 2003-0003。
2 ) 昆明种小鼠, 雌雄各半, 体重 18 ~ 22g。 由湖南农业大学动物科技学 院实验动物中心提供, 合格证号: scxk (湘): 2003-0003。 3 )健康豚鼠, 体重 250-300g, 雌雄不限, 由湖南农业大学动物科技学院 实验动物中心提供, 合格证号: scxk (湘): 2003-0003。
4 )新西兰白兔, 清洁级。 体重 1.8 ~ 2.2kg, 雌雄兼用, 由湖南农业大学 动物科技学院实验动物中心提供, 合格证号: scxk (湘): 2003-0003。
5 )叙利亚金黄地鼠, 体重 100-150g, 雄性, 由湖南农业大学动物科技学 院实验动物中心提供, 合格证号: scxk (湘): 2003-0003。
动物置于符合中国实验动物质量国家清洁级标准的实验室中饲养, 室温 20-25°C, 相对湿度 55-70%。
鼠用全价颗料饲料由湖南农业大学动物科技学院实验动物中心提供。
1.3主要仪器
1 BECKMAN全自动生化分析仪为美国 BECKMAN公司产品
2 0LYMPUS-CH显微镜摄影系统为日本 OLYMPUS公司产品,
3 FA1004型电子天平为上海天平仪器厂产品,
4 1512型切片机为德国 Leica公司产品
5 超声雾化器 402A1、 灌流装置、 三通管, 江苏鱼跃医疗设备有限公司产 口 。
2、 试验方法与结果
2.1 蛞蝓糖蛋白对实验性肺气肿和肺动脉高压的治疗作用
肺气肿、 肺动脉高压模型的制备, 100-150g雄性金黄地鼠 90只, 其中随 机取 75只用于造模。 将动物以 12%乌拉坦行腹腔注射麻醉, 仰卧于固定台上, 撑开口腔, 牵引舌头, 暴露喉部, 直视下将一塑料套管插入气管内, 然后将 预先吸有弹力酶液的注射器接于套管上, 将药液(60U/100 g体重) 注入动物 肺内, 立即直立动物并旋转体位, 使药液在肺内分布均勾, 数小时后动物自 然清醒, 随意进食。 其余 15只为正常对照组( A组), 动物气管内注入等体积 盐水。
21天后, 造模的 75只动物随机分为 5组: B模型对照组(未治疗) C阳性 药物对照组(氨茶碱) D蛞蝓糖蛋白组(低剂量 23mg/kg/d ) E蛞蝓糖蛋白 组(中剂量 70mg/kg/d ) F蛞蝓糖蛋白组(高剂量 210mg/kg/d ), 灌胃给药 30 天后处死动物, 测量如下指标:
右室收缩压(RSP反映肺动脉压): 动物麻醉后于颈部切口, 暴露右颈静 脉, 用 1%肝素液处理的塑料微导管插入右颈静脉深约 3cm即达右心室, 导管的 另一端接八导生理记录仪(RM— 6300 , 日本)测压; 同时暴露左侧颈总动脉, 测体动永压。
右室指数 [RVHI=右室 / (左室 +室间隔重量)] : 动物放血处死, 开胸取出 心脏, 在心脏房室环处剪断两心房与心室的连接, 再自右心室贴室间隔处剪 下右心室。 用盐水冲洗心脏, 滤纸吸净水分, 分别称量右心室及左心室加室 间隔的重量。
肺灌流液细胞学检查: 准备好恒压灌流装置, 恒压恒温灌流含氧乐氏液, 温度 37C, 贮液瓶底高出三通管水平面 60—l OOcm 处死动物后, 迅速打开胸腔, 分离气管, 剪断气管连同心肺一并取出, 置于 37 °C含氧乐氏液的培养 内, 用棉球轻轻挤压肺脏, 以排出肺内气体。 然后将气管用棉线结扎于套管上, 并与三通管相接, 打开三通管以乐氏液灌流, 并在肺脏表面用针头散在性扎 孔十几个, 调节流速约 25ml/min左右。 并保存其肺灌流液 5ml , 将灌洗液 400g 离心 10 min, 弃上清, 取沉淀加入等量生理盐水振荡制成细胞悬液, 取少许 滴于血球计数池中, 在倒置显微镜下计细胞数(BALF ), 同一标本计数 4次, 并计算每 g肺湿重每 ml灌洗液细胞数 [个 / (ml . g) ]。 同时取适当悬液涂片, 以 HE染色, 计类细胞分类中巨噬细胞率。 统计学处理 数据用 X士 s表示, 并釆用单因素方差分析, 各组间通过 Newman— Keul s法进行两两比较, 以 P<0. 05为差异显著性。
结果: 病理学观察和形态定量: 正常组: 支气管、 肺泡和肺血管结构正 常; 模型组: 绝大多数区域细支气管、 呼吸性细支气管、 肺泡管、 肺泡嚢和 肺泡明显扩张. 肺泡壁薄厚不均并有不同程度的断裂, 同时融合为肺嚢泡, 腺泡内肌型动脉中膜平滑肌细胞增生, 中膜明显肥厚, 无肌小动脉肌型化; 氨茶碱组: 与模型组比较, 肺气肿病变无明显减轻; 蛞蝓低剂量组: 与模型 组比较, 肺气肿病变无明显减轻; 蛞蝓中剂量组: 与模型组比较, 肺气肿病 变有一定程度减轻, 肺内细小动脉病变均明显改善。 蛞蝓高剂量组: 与模型 组比较, 肺气肿病变有一定程度减轻, 肺内细小动脉病变均明显改善。 具体 参数请参见表 1。
表 1
MPAP (kPa) RVHI (%) BALF (个 /mm3) MS (%) 正常组 2. 79 + 0. 41 18. 66 + 7. 34 77. 5 + 14. 5 90. 7 + 2. 1 模型组 5. 54 ± 0. 73 31. 17 ± 6. 51 388. 2 ± 94. 6 89. 4 ± 7. 3 氨茶碱组 5. 07 ± 0. 92 28. 62 ± 8. 81 364. 8 ± 95. 7 96. 7 ± 9. 6 蛞蝓低剂量组 5. 29 ± 0. 85 30. 32 ± 5. 79 210. 1 ± 87. 2 95. 7 ± 3. 5 蛞蝓中剂量组 4· 02 ± 0. 96 25· 55 ± 8· 94 110· 4 ± 17· 9 95· 2 ± 6· 2 蛞蝓高剂量组 3· 97 ± 0. 47 22· 27 ± 5· 46 95· 3 ± 18· 8 91· 8 ± 6· 8 如表 1 , 上述结果表明经蛞蝓糖蛋白高、 中剂量治疗 30天后能明显降低 右室收缩压、 右室指数, 减少肺泡灌洗液中巨噬细胞数, 明显减轻肺气肿病 变和改善肺内细小动脉病变, 与模型对照组比较差异有显著性(P< 0. 05 )。 2.2 蛞蝓糖蛋白对慢性支气管炎模型小鼠的止咳作用 慢性支气管炎小鼠模型的建立: 取 20~25g 小白鼠 90只,雌雄兼用。 按随 机分组的方法分为 6组, 其中正常对照组, 不给予 S02刺激, 正常饲养; 其余 各组每天进行 S02 刺激, 取一个 8L 的玻璃钟罩,在其中放一个蒸发皿, 蒸发
*
亚中加入 0.5g无水亚石克酸钠, 将每组小鼠放入钟罩内, 向蒸发亚中迅速加入 50 %硫酸51111 立即加盖, 刺激 2 *min后取出, 每天一次, 持续 21天。
*
21天后, 模型对照组, 给予生理盐水溶液 15ml/ kg灌胃; 阳性对照组, 给予地塞米松 1.2mg/ kg灌胃, 每天一次, 共 10天, 并从第八天开始同时给予 右美沙芬口服溶液 15mg/ kg灌胃, 每天一次, 共 3天; 蛞蝓提取糖蛋白大、 中、 小剂量组分别 150mg、 lOOmg.、 60mg/ kg灌胃, 每天一次, 共 10天。 期间观察 各组小鼠的整体情况, 并在末次给药一小时后, 用上述同样方法给予 S02 刺 激, 观察并记录每只小鼠的咳嗽潜伏期和在 3m in 内咳嗽次数。 用药组小鼠咳 嗽潜伏期和咳嗽次数的均值加标准差与空白对照组进行比较,并作组间 t检 验。 见表 2. 表 2
分组 动物数 剂量 潜伏期 咳 i次数
空白对照组 15 15ml/ kg 12.10 + 4. 41 111.90 + 10.70 右美沙芬 15 15mg/ kg 17.70 + 4. 521** 77.60士 9· 88** 蛞蝓大剂量组 15 300mg/ kg 16.60 ± 5· 21* 70.00 + 14.43** 蛞蝓中剂量组 15 lOOmg/ kg 15.90 + 4. 01* 82.70 + 11.67**ϋ 4.70 + 5. 17 105.60 + 11.64
、 ±ιΐ、ϋ、、、、、、、、、、、、、. 15
、、、、、、、 、§、乙丄 、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、. 1
与生理盐水对照 01 如表 2, 结果表明, 蛞蝓糖蛋白能明显延长咳嗽潜伏期, 减少咳嗽次数。 大、 中剂量与生理盐水对照组比较有显著性差异。 小剂量组咳嗽潜伏期有增 加的趋势, 但无显著性差异。 2.3 蛞蝓糖蛋白对慢性支气管炎模型小鼠的祛痰作用
取 20~25g 小白鼠 90只,雌雄兼用。 按随机分组的方法分为 6组, 其中正 常对照组, 不给予 S02刺激,正常饲养, 其余各组每天进行 S02刺激, 方法同上 述止咳试验, 21天后, 模型对照组, 给予生理盐水溶液 15ml/ kg灌胃; 阳性 对照组, 给予地塞米松 1.2mg/ kg灌胃, 每天一次, 共 10天, 并从第八天开始 同时给予 1.2%的 NH4CL溶液 0.5ml/只, 每天一次, 共 3天; 蛞蝓提取糖蛋白大、 中、 小剂量组分别 500mg、 100mg、 20mg/ kg灌胃, 每天一次, 共 10天。 期间 观察各组小鼠的整体情况, 并在末次给药半小时后, 腹腔注射 1%生理盐水酚 红溶液 0.5ml/只, 再过半小时, 脱臼处死小鼠, 将小鼠固定于手术台, 剪开 颈部正中皮肤, 小心剔除气管周围组织, 剪下环状软骨至气管分支处的一段 气管, 并放入 5%NaHC03溶液中, 并进行气管内灌洗, 来回 3次, 静置, 第二天 进行 0D值的测定, 见表 3。 表 3
分组 动物数 剂量 0D值
空白对照组 15 15ml/ kg 0.0338 + 0.00958 地塞米松 +NH4CL 15 1.2mg/ kg+0.5ml/只 0.0736士 0· 01106** 蛞蝓大剂量组 15 300mg/ kg 0.0640 + 0.01376** 蛞蝓中剂量组 15 lOOmg/ kg 0.0494 + 0.01062** 蛞蝓小剂量组 15 33mg/ kg 0.0384 + 0.00690
注: 与生理盐水对照 **ρ<0.01 如表 3, 结果表明: 蛞蝓提取糖蛋白可以使小鼠气管苯酚红排泄量明显增 加, 其中大、 中剂量组与生理盐水对照组比较有显著差异。
2.4 蛞蝓糖蛋白对慢性支气管炎模型大鼠的平喘作用
取 250~ 300g 健康 SD大鼠 60只,雌雄兼用。 试验前预选小鼠, 预选方法: 取引喘液(4 %磷酸组胺和 2 %的氯化乙酰胆碱) 10ml注入超声雾化仪, 开启 雾化仪, 喷雾 lmin, 测定引喘潜伏期(喷雾开始至抽搐跌倒的时间〗超过 l Omin 无反应者弃去, 其余按随机分组的方法分为 5组, 进行正式实验: 首先建立慢 性支气管炎模型, 建模方法: 用 10 %水合氯醛溶液 0. 3ml /100g腹腔注射麻醉 大鼠, 将麻醉后的大鼠固定于手术台, 拉出舌体, 暴露声门, 用长约 8cm、 直 径 0. 1cm的聚乙烯管作气管导管, 快速将气管导管插入气管, 沾取少量清水涂 于管口, 水柱随大鼠呼吸上下移动, 说明确实已插入气管, 将 200ug/200ul脂 多糖(PLS)注入气管内,饲养三周。 21天后, 模型对照组, 给予生理盐水溶液 15ml/ kg灌胃; 阳性对照组, 给予地塞米松 1. 2mg/ kg灌胃, 每天一次, 共 10 天, 并从第八天开始同时给予安茶碱 0. l g/kg; 蛞蝓提取糖蛋白大、 中、 小剂 量组分别 210mg、 70mg、 23mg/ kg灌胃, 每天一次, 共 10天。 期间观察各组 大鼠的整体情况, 并在末次给药一小时后, 按预选试验同等条件和方法再次 测定引喘潜伏期, 记录实验结果并作组间 t检验。 结果见表 4。
表 4
分组 动物数 剂量 引喘潜伏期 s
空白对照组 15 15ml / kg 292. 60 + 36. 89
地塞米松 +安茶碱 15 1. 2mg/ g+0. l g/kg 377. 00 ± 30· 02 * * 蛞蝓大剂量组 15 210mg/ kg 354. 90 + 31. 00*
蛞蝓中剂量组 15 70mg/ kg 338. 30 ± 47· 95 *
蛞蝓小剂量组 15 23mg/ kg 267. 80士 46· 11
与生理盐水对照 **ρ<0. 01 如表 4 , 结果表明, 蛞蝓提取糖蛋白大、 中剂量组能够延长组胺- 乙酰胆 碱诱发的哮喘潜伏期。
2. 5 蛞蝓糖蛋白对慢性支气管炎模型大鼠肺部炎症病理改变的治疗作用
取 250 ~ 300g 健康 SD大鼠 60只,雌雄兼用。 按随机分组的方法分为 6组。 其中一组为正常对照组, 其余 5组大鼠建立慢性支气管炎模型, 建模方法同 上, 21天后, 模型对照组, 给予生理盐水溶液 15ml / kg灌胃; 阳性对照组, 给予地塞米松 1. 2mg/ kg灌胃, 每天一次, 共 10天; 蛞蝓提取糖蛋白大、 中、 小剂量组分别 210mg、 70mg、 23mg/ kg灌胃, 每天一次, 共 10天。 期间观察 各组大鼠的整体情况, 十天后将大鼠腹腔注射 10 %水合氯醛溶液 0. 4ml / 100g 麻醉, 将麻醉后的大鼠固定于手术台, 打开颈部、 胸腔取气管及肺组织, 观 察大体标本的情况, 然后用 10% 福尔马林溶液固定, 石蜡包埋, 切片并行 HE 染色,显微镜观察肺组织支气管的炎性病变程度, 包括上皮的完整性、 腺体的 厚度、 黏膜下炎性细胞浸润情况、 淋巴滤泡。 以及气管壁的厚度和腺体层厚 度。
结果表明: 大鼠在气道内滴入 LPS后 21天间, 出现倦怠, 活动减少, 进食 及饮水减少,可听见明显的气道痰鸣音。 各治疗组治疗 10 d 后,痰鸣音逐渐减 轻;而模型对照组大鼠气道痰鸣音改变不明显。 大体标本所见: 肺组织膨胀肿 大, 呈灰白色, 表面无出血及液体渗出。 倒置荧光显微镜所见: 模型组:大鼠 气道内分泌物明显增多,上皮不完整,气道腺体增厚,气管粘膜层、 粘膜下层大 量单核炎细胞浸润,支气管外周淋巴滤泡形成(见图 2) ;治疗组:大鼠气道内分 泌物减少,气管上皮层基本完整,气管壁和腺体层较模型组变薄,粘膜下炎细 胞浸润减轻,支气管外周淋巴滤泡小(见图 3) ;其中阳性组(见图 5 )与蛞蝓糖 蛋白高剂量组(见图 4 ) 与模型对照组(见图 1 )有明显的差异。
2. 6 蛞蝓糖蛋白对支气管炎哮喘模型豚鼠的治疗作用
豚鼠支气管炎哮喘模型的建立:将 90只豚鼠随机分入以下六组, 每组 15 只。 A空白对照组(健康豚鼠), B模型对照组(未治疗), C阳性药物对照组 (氨茶碱), D蛞蝓胶嚢组(低剂量 23mg/kg/d ), E蛞蝓提取糖蛋白组(中剂 量 70mg/kg/d ), F蛞蝓提取糖蛋白组 (高剂量 210mg/kg/d )。
无菌条件下, 每只动物腹腔注射 100g/L氢氧化铝 lml , 大腿肌注 1%卵白 蛋白(S igma公司) 0. 5ml, 空白对照组以生理盐水代替氢氧化铝及卵白蛋白处 理动物。 两周后密闭喷雾, 恒压 400mmHg , 喷 0. 5%卵白蛋白生理盐水进行激 发, 使出现呼吸加深加快, 点头, 腹肌收缩(用力呼吸的标志)等喘息症状 为止。 同样以生理盐水处理空白对照组。 次日诱导前一小时灌胃给药, A、 空白对照组(健康豚鼠) B、 模型对照组(未治疗) C、 阳性药物对照组(氨 茶碱) D、蛞蝓胶嚢组(低剂量 23mg/kg/d ) E、蛞蝓胶嚢组(中剂量 70mg/kg/d ) F、 蛞蝓胶嚢组(高剂量 210mg/kg/d ), 持续七天。 末次诱喘记录豚鼠自喷入 卵白蛋白至出现腹肌收缩之间的时间, 即诱喘潜伏期。 记录哮喘发生严重程 度(共分五级, 零级: 无明显反应。 一级: 轻微抓鼻、 颤抖、 竖毛。 二级: 有几次咳嗽, 有抓鼻、 颤抖、 竖毛。 三级: 多次或连续咳嗽, 有呼吸困难, 或痉挛抽搐等。 四级: 痉挛、 抽搐、 大小便失禁、 休克死亡。 ) 24小时后 1% 戊巴比妥 1. 5ml腹腔注射麻醉。 背跖静脉釆血, 做外周血白细胞记数。
按药理实验方法进行肺泡灌洗观察肺组织炎细胞浸润情 肺组织进行 普通石蜡切片, HE染色观察组织嗜酸性粒细胞浸润情况:
实验结果
连续七天诱导豚鼠哮喘发作, 以末次诱喘时间作为诱导潜伏期 (De l i scences) , 单位为秒( s ), 对照组不出现明显反应, 哮喘模型组潜伏期 时间明显缩短, 而用药组潜伏期比模型组明显延长。 如图 6柱形图。
表 5 实验结束时各组豚鼠哮喘发生潜伏期及死亡率的比较 (n = 15 ) 蛞蝓治疗组 对照组 模型组 氨茶碱治 23mg/kg/d 70mg/kg/d 210mg/kg/d 疗组 体重(g ) 470士 12 481 ± 11 478 士 10 486 士 14 485 士 12 488 士 16 诱喘潜伏期(s) 87 ± 9. 7 135 ± 15* 127 ± 6. 1* 126 ± 8. 6* 125 ± 9. 1" 死亡数 0 3 2 2 2 2
*P<0. W与非治疗组相比
外周和组织中白细胞数目的变化, 如表 6。
表 6 各组豚鼠外周血、 肺组织炎性白细胞的记数
Figure imgf000018_0001
与非治疗组相比 01
(三)肺组织嗜酸性粒细胞浸润情况的形态学观察(放大 200倍), 如图 7-图 12。 2. 7 蛞蝓胶嚢对卵蛋白致敏豚鼠肺支气管灌流的影响
造模和分组方法同 2. 6。
支气管肺灌流实验
准备好恒压灌流装置, 恒压恒温灌流含氧乐氏液, 温度 37C, 贮液瓶底高 出三通管水平面 60-100cm。 1%戊巴比妥 1. 5ml腹腔注射麻醉豚鼠, 颈动脉放血 2ml保存用于炎性因子检测。 迅速打开胸腔, 分离气管, 剪断气管连同心肺一 并取出, 置于 37C含氧乐氏液的培养 内, 用棉球轻轻挤压肺脏, 以排出肺内 气体。 然后将气管用棉线结扎于套管上, 并与三通管相接, 打开三通管以乐 氏液灌流, 并在肺脏表面用针头散在性扎孔十几个, 调节流速约 25ml /min左 右。 并保存其肺灌流液 5ml , 用于炎性因子检测。 待流速恒定后, 经三通管给 0. 5%卵白蛋白生理盐水进行激发支气管肺收缩, 30秒钟后, 观察并记录每分 钟的液体流量, 共 6_10分钟。 统计学处理 数据用 X士 s表示, 并釆用单因 素方差分析, 各组间通过 Newman— Keul s法进行两两比较, 以 P<0. 05为差异显 著性。
实验结果:
蛞蝓对豚鼠支气管肺卵蛋白应激溢流量降低的预防作用
各组在实验过程中均有动物死亡发生。 最终的实验动物数为 15只, 各组 卵蛋白刺激前, 模型組的肺溢流量就明显低于其它组。 用卵蛋白应激后, 正 常对照组支气管肺的溢流量无明显改变; 哮喘模型组用卵蛋白刺激后溢流量 明显降低, 差异具有显著性, 而且与对照组相比显著降低。 氨茶碱和蛞蝓中、 高剂量治疗组与哮喘模型组比较灌流量明显增加。 蛞蝓低剂量组疗效不明 显。 检测数据如表 7所示。
表 7. 蛞蝓灌胃对豚鼠支气管肺应激前后灌流量的影响 卵蛋白应 卵蛋白应激后(min)
例数
1 2 3 4 5 6 正 常对 22. 8 士 20. 3 士 19. 8 士 19. 8 士 19. 7 士 20. 1 士 22. 1 士
15
照组 3. 1 4. 0 4. 9 3. 2 4. 1 5. 2 2. 2 哮 喘模 18. 1 士 13. 2 士 12. 3 士 10. 0 士 8. 8 ± 1. 8 8. 5 ± 1. 4 8. 5 ± 2. 0
15
型组 3. T 2. 2'· 3. 0 2. 2
蛞蝓低
21. 8 士 16. 8 士 14. 0 士 11. 6 士 10. 1 士
剂 量 治 15 9. 1 士 2. 3 8. 9 ± 2. 1
4. 3° 2. 5 0 3. 1 4. 3 3. 2
疗组
23. 0 士 22. 1 士 23. 0 士 22. 2 士 24. 1 士 23. 6 士 22. 3 士
15
2. r 1. 5d 1. od 1. 4d 1. t 1. 6d 1. 6d 蛞 ¾ 兩
23. 5 士 22. 5 士 20. 1 士 21. 5 士 21. 5 士 21. 5 士 22. 0 士 剂 量 治 15
1. 9° 1. t 2. ld 2. 0d 2. 7d 2. 3d 2. ld 疗组 氨茶碱 22. 2 21. 2 20. 1 ± 19. 1 ± 20. 0 21. 3 22. 2
1 ^
治疗组 4. r 2. 0d 1. 3d 2. 3d 2. 5d 2. ld 2. 0d aP<0. 05 , bP<0. 01 vs 正常对照组; 。Ρ<0. 05, dP<0. 01 vs 模型组比 较; , eP<0. 01 vs 应激前。
蛞蝓胶嚢对收缩状态下离体支气管肺溢流量的影响
如表 7结果显示, 卵蛋白应激后收缩状态的离体支气管肺溢流量明显减 少, 在应激后 6分钟, 支气管肺溢流量达到稳定, 此时, 分别给予蛞蝓或安茶 碱, 结果显示 (表 8 ), 给安茶碱后支气管肺溢流量明显增加, 而给予蛞蝓后 支气管肺溢流量无明显变化。
表 8.蛞蝓胶嚢和安茶碱对收缩状态下离体支气管肺溢流量的比较
给药前 给药后 蛞蝓中剂量组 8. 26 1. 98 10. 12 ± 2. 91 安茶碱治疗组 9. 45 1. 86 与给药前比较 < 0. 05 蛞蝓对肺泡灌流液和血清中 IL- 2 IL- 4的影响
如表 9所示在哮喘模型组中, 血清和肺泡灌洗液( BALF ) 中 IL-2和 IL-4明 显增加; 蛞蝓和安茶碱治疗组, 二者明显降低。
表 9 豚鼠血漿和 BALF中 IL- 2和 IL- 4含量的变化 (pg/ml, x士 s )
血清 IL- 2 BALF IL-2 血清 IL- 4 BALF IL-4 正常对照组 0. 79 ± 0. 53 0 11 ± 0. 06 1. 68 ± 1· 35 25. 71 ± 6. 70 哮喘模型组 6. 32 ± 3. 20 ' 0 30 ± 0. 15* 7. 87 ± 3. 48 ' 53. 78 ± 23. 67 1 蛞蝓中剂量组 1. 26 ± 0. 98 b 0 12 0. 09 b 1. 89 ± 1· 46 b 29. 88 ± 11. 23 b 安茶碱治疗组 1. 45 ± 0. 86 b 0 13 0. 08 b 1. 78 ± 1· 56 b 26. 81 ± 7. 76 b 与正常组比较 <0. 05 , 与模型组比较^ <0. 05
2. 8蛞蝓胶嚢对急性支气管炎的治疗作用 2. 8. 1蛞蝓胶嚢对急性支气管炎的镇咳作用
取 20 ~ 25g 小白鼠,雌雄兼用。 试验前预选小鼠, 预选方法:取一个 1L 的 烧杯, 在其中放一个蒸发亚, 蒸发亚中加入 0. 5g无水亚5克酸钠, 向蒸发 la中 迅速加入 50 %硫酸 5ml 立即盖上盖,按秒表开始记时, 待 15秒时, 迅速将小鼠 放入烧杯内, 刺激小鼠 30s 后停表, 打开盖取出小鼠。 观察小鼠在 3min 内发 生咳嗽(小鼠张口或有咳嗽声音) 为合格小鼠。 并记录咳嗽潜伏期和咳嗽次 数。 正式试验正常喂养三天后, 取合格小鼠均匀分为 5组, 空白对照组, 用生 理盐水溶液 15ml/ kg; 阳性对照组, 用右美沙芬口服溶液 15mg/ kg ; 蛞蝓 提取糖蛋白大、 中、 小剂量组,剂量分别为 300mg、 100mg、 33mg/ kg。 所有 动物灌胃给药, 每天 1 次,连续 5天.末次给药后 lh, 按预选试验同等条件和方 法, 将老鼠逐只放入烧杯内, 刺激小鼠 30s , 记录每只小鼠的咳嗽潜伏期和在 3min 内咳嗽次数。 用药组小鼠咳嗽潜伏期和咳嗽次数的均值加标准差与空白 对照组进行比较,并作组间 t检验, 观察蛞蝓提取糖蛋白的止咳作用。 见表 10。 表 10
分组 动物数 剂量 潜伏期 咳嗽次数
空白对照组 15 15ml / kg 15. 70 ± 4. 74 69. 90 ± 13. 42 右美沙芬 15 15mg/ kg 30. 40士 9. 91** 35. 20 ± 5· 65** 蛞蝓糖蛋白大剂量组 15 300mg/ kg 27. 60士 11. 51 ** 45. 30士 10. 13**
蛞蝓糖蛋白中剂量组 15 l OOmg/ kg 25. 00 ± 5. 12** 53. 40士 8. 69**
蛞蝓糖蛋白小剂量组 15 33mg/ kg 23. 00 ± 8· 88 57. 60 ± 7. 90*
与生理盐水组对照 *ρ<0. 05 **ρ<0. 01 结果表明, 蛞蝓提取糖蛋白能明显延长咳嗽潜伏期,减少咳嗽次数,与生 理盐水对照组比较有显著差异, 但疗效不如右美沙芬对照组。 其中小剂量和 大剂量组间有显著差异。
2.8.2蛞蝓胶嚢对急性支气管炎的祛痰作用研究
造模和分组方法同 2.8. 1,末次给药 30min后, 腹腔注入 0.25%苯酚红溶液
( 0.3ml/10g) , 30min后将动物拉颈处死, 分离气管, 插入 8号针头, 以 5%碳 酸氢钠溶液冲洗三次( lml/次), 合并冲洗液, 以苯酚红标准管比色, 结果进 行统计学处理, 结果见表 11。 表 11蛞蝓胶嚢对急性支气管炎模型小鼠的祛痰作用
组^ 齐 i量 结 ^
(mg/kg) (n) g/10ml,X±S)
^照 15 8.78 ±1.65
氯化铵组 500 15 14.15 ±1.65*
蛞蝓胶囊组 300 15 14.26 ±1.21*
100 15 12.87 ±1.91
33 15 9.03 ±1.66
注: *与对照组比较 P<0.01
结果证实氯化铵有明显的祛痰作用, 使苯酚红排出量明显增加, 与对照 组比较有显著性差异。 蛞蝓糖蛋白按 300mg/kg给药有氯化铵同样效果, 与对 照组比较有显著性差异。
2.9蛞蝓胶嚢对家兔气管纤毛运动的影响
分组设空白对照组 +阳性药物对照组 +蛞蝓糖蛋白 3个剂量(高、 中及低, 即: 300m/L、 100mg/L及 33mg/L)。 取家兔进行空气栓死, 小心分离出气管, 将其切下, 由背侧纵切开, 暴露其黏膜纤毛面。 一个气管横切成五段, 供实 验用。 取一段气管用大头钉固定于木板上, 以任氏液( 37°C ) 冲洗湿润。 置 于双目解剖镜下进行观察。
观察正常值三次, 取其平均值, 然后用药。 分别用生理盐水、 0.01%氯化 乙酰胆碱(Ach)、 蛞蝓糖蛋白 (高、 中、 低剂量组)。
观察指标
(1) 纤毛运动
视野内全部纤毛活动活跃为 +++
视野内 1/3 ~ 2/3纤毛活动活跃为 ++
视野内 1 / 3以内纤毛活动活跃为 +
视野内纤毛不动为 -
(2)运送速度
在气管黏膜上点一滴墨汁, 可见墨汁颗粒向一个方向 (喉头方向)移动, 借目镜测微尺和秒表颗粒移动速度, 即纤毛粘液运送速度(秒 /2mm)。 结果见 表 12。 表 12蛞蝓糖蛋白对家兔气管纤毛运动的影响
组别 剂量 样本数 纤毛运动 运送速度
(g/1 ) (n)
对照组 10 19.79± 8.81
Ach组 0.1 10 +++ 5.36 ± 0.64*
高剂量组 500 10 +++ 6.04 ± 0.94*
中剂量组 100 10 ++ 9.97 ±6.63*
低剂量组 50 10 + 15.22 ± 9.78
*与对照组比较 P<0.01
2.10 蛞蝓胶嚢的抗菌作用实验研究
2.10.1选择金黄色葡萄球菌或曱型溶血性链球菌等与急性咽炎致病有关 的细菌, 根据细菌的致病力及其易感动物如小鼠, 通过腹腔、 皮下注射一定 量的菌液, 造成一定动物死亡。 在感染前或感染后给药, 观察 5天内的动物摄 食、 饮水及活动情况。
动物随机分为 6组, 对照组、 模型组、 阳性药物组(氧氟沙星 0.5g/kg)、 蛞蝓糖蛋白三个剂量组(5g、 lg、 0. 5g/kg X 先观察动物 4日摄食、 饮水及活 动情况作为正常值。 然后除对照组外, 其他各鼠腹腔和皮下注射金黄色葡萄 球菌液各 0. 5ml导致动物感染, 次日开始动物连续灌胃 5日, 每日二次, 观察 动物摄食、 饮水及活动情况和平均存活天数, 并与对照组比较, 经统计学处 理。 结果见表 13、 表 14。 表 13蛞蝓胶嚢对金黄色葡萄球菌所致感染的治疗作用
组别 动物 剂量 正 常 值 致感染后 (摄食(g) /饮水 (ml) , 天, 只)
数 () (d,只)
( ) 摄食 / 饮水 第 1 d 第 2 d 第 3 d 第 4 d 第 5 d
(g) 1 (ml)
对照组 15 3. 6 4. 6 3. 5/4. 4 3. 6/4. 5 4. 2/4. 4 4. 0/4. 4 4. 1/4. 4 模型组 15 3. 5 4. 5 2. 5/2. 3* 2. 5/2. 2* 2. 0/1. 9* 2. 2/2. 0* 2. 9/3. 1 * 氧氟沙星组 15 500 3. 5 4. 4 1. 9/2. 7** 2. 5/3. 2** 3. 2/3. 0** 3. 6/3. 5** 3. 9/4. 3** 蛞蝓高剂量组 15 300 3. 6 4. 6 2. 1/2. 2** 2. 0/3. 2** 2. 6/3. 2** 3. 3/2. §** 4. 0/4. 0** 蛞蝓中剂量组 15 100 3. 4 4. 4 2. 3/2. 5 1. 8/3. 0 2. 3/2. 2 2. 7/2. 5 3. 7/3. 4 蛞蝓低剂量组 15 33 3. 5 4. 4 2. 0/2. 2 1. 9/3. 1 2. 0/1. 8 2. 4/2. 2 3. 5/3. 5 注: *与对照组比较 P<0. 01 , **与模型组比较 P<0. 01 表 14 蛞蝓糖蛋白对金黄色葡萄球菌感染后动物活动的影响
动物数 致感染后
组 ( ) 动物存 活动情况
别 活数
对照组 15 15 正常 模型组 15 13 活动明显降低, 毛竖立, 注入部位均有明显囊肿, 结节形成。 氧氟沙 15 15 活动稍有降低, 给药 3日后活动近正常, 无囊肿及结节形成。
星组
蛞蝓高 15 15 活动稍有降低, 给药 4日后活动近正常, 其中有 2只在注入菌液部位出现有 剂量组 小结节。
蛞蝓中 15 15 活动较明显降低, 其中有 7只出现不同程度的囊肿, 结节。
剂量组
蛞蝓低 15 15 活动明显降低, 毛竖立, 注入部位均有明显囊肿, 结节形成。
剂量组
从表 13和表 14结果显示, 蛞蝓糖蛋白有一定的抗菌作用。
2. 10. 2蛞蝓胶嚢对金黄色葡萄球菌所致感染的治疗作用动物体内实验性治 疗作用
动物随机分为 6组, 对照组、 模型组、 阳性药物组、 蛞蝓糖蛋白三个剂量 组( 300、 100、 33mg/kg )0 除腹腔皮下注入曱型溶血性链球菌外, 其他同 2. 10. 1 项。 结果见表 15。 表 15 蛞蝓总蛋白对曱型溶血性链球菌所致感染的治疗作用
组别 动物 剂量 正 常值 致感染后 (摄食(g) /饮水 (ml) , 天, 只)
数() () (d,只)
摄食饮水 第 1 d 第 2 d 第 3 d 第 4 d 第 5 d
(g) (ml)
对照组 15 3. 5 4. 6 3. 6/4. 5 3. 7/4. 4 4. 0/4. 3 4. 2/4. 5 4. 3/4. 6 模型组 15 3. 6 4. 5 2. 3/2. 1 1. 9/1. 8* 2. 0/1. 8* 2. 5/2. 5* 2. 8/2. 5* 氧氟沙 15 500 3. 5 4. 5 2. 1/2. 3 2. 3/3. 6** 2. 9/3. §** 3. 2/3. 4. 5/4. 2** 星组
蛞蝓高 15 300 3. 7 4. 4 2. 0/2. 0 2. 1/2. 8 2. 6/3. 0** 3. 0/4. 0** 4. 5/4. 0** 剂量组
蛞蝓中 15 100 3. 5 4. 5 2. 2/2. 2 1. 9/2. 0 2. 4/3. 0 3. 0/3. 0 3. 6/3. 3** 剂量组
蛞蝓低 15 33 3. 5 4. 5 2. 2/2. 3 1. 8/2. 1 2. 0/2. 0 2. 8/2. 7 3. 0/3. 2 剂量组
注: *与对照组比较 P<0. 01 , **与模型组比较 P<0. 01 从表 16结果显示: 蛞蝓总蛋白有一定的抗菌作用。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种治疗慢性阻塞性肺病的糖蛋白, 其特征在于该糖蛋白可用下述方法提 取获得:
( 1 )先把蛞蝓处理成干粉, 备用;
( 2 )把蛞蝓干粉用乙醇提取, 过滤, 弃上清液, 得滤渣 I;
( 3 )把滤渣 I干燥脱醇, 加水回流提取, 过滤, 取上清液 I;
( 4 )把上清液 I用醇沉淀, 离心, 弃上清, 把沉淀物脱醇, 冻干, 即得目标 糖蛋白。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的治疗慢性阻塞性肺病的糖蛋白, 其特征在于步骤(2 ) 中所用的醇为 60%乙醇, 该用醇提取的步骤具体为: 用 60%乙醇浸泡过夜, 过 滤得滤渣 I , 根据需要, 可把所得滤渣用 60%乙醇重复提取 1-3次。
3、 如权利要求 1所述的治疗慢性阻塞性肺病的糖蛋白, 其特征在于, 步骤(4 ) 中所用的醇为 60%的乙醇。
4、 如权利要求 1所述的治疗慢性阻塞性肺病的糖蛋白, 其特征在于, 步骤(3 ) 中加水回流提取, 过滤得滤渣 II与上清液, 所述滤渣 II可重复用水回流提取, 然后过滤得滤渣和上清液, 本步骤中得到的上清液一起为上清液 I。
5、 如权利要求 1所述的治疗慢性阻塞性肺病的糖蛋白, 其特征在于, 步骤(1 ) 中所用的蛞蝓为鲜蛞蝓或者冷冻处理的蛞蝓全虫。
6、 权利要求 1所述的糖蛋白在制备治疗慢性阻塞性肺病的药物中的应用。
7、 权利要求 1所述的糖蛋白在制备抗菌消炎药物中的应用。
8、 如权利要求 7所述的应用, 其特征在于, 所述的抗菌是抗与急慢性咽炎致 病有关的细菌。
9、 一种药物组合物, 其特征在于, 它含有安全有效剂量的权利要求 1所述的 糖蛋白, 以及药学上可接受的赋形剂、 稀释剂或载体。
10、 如权利要求 7 所述的药物组合物, 其特征在于, 该药物组合物可制成胶 嚢剂, 颗粒剂, 片剂, 丸剂, 滴丸剂, 糖浆剂, 水针剂, 冻干粉针剂或者气 雾剂。
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