Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
  • A23G3/00—Sweetmeats; Confectionery; Marzipan; Coated or filled products
  • A23G3/34—Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan; Processes for the preparation thereof
  • A23G3/36—Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan; Processes for the preparation thereof characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
  • A23G3/42—Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan; Processes for the preparation thereof characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds characterised by the carbohydrates used, e.g. polysaccharides
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
  • A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
  • A23L29/20—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
  • A21D—TREATMENT OF FLOUR OR DOUGH FOR BAKING, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS
  • A21D13/00—Finished or partly finished bakery products
  • A21D13/20—Partially or completely coated products
  • A21D13/28—Partially or completely coated products characterised by the coating composition
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
  • A21D—TREATMENT OF FLOUR OR DOUGH FOR BAKING, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS
  • A21D13/00—Finished or partly finished bakery products
  • A21D13/60—Deep-fried products, e.g. doughnuts
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
  • A23G3/00—Sweetmeats; Confectionery; Marzipan; Coated or filled products
  • A23G3/0002—Processes of manufacture not relating to composition and compounding ingredients
  • A23G3/0093—Coating by dipping in a liquid, at the surface of which another liquid or powder may be floating
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
  • A23G3/00—Sweetmeats; Confectionery; Marzipan; Coated or filled products
  • A23G3/34—Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan; Processes for the preparation thereof
  • A23G3/50—Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan; Processes for the preparation thereof characterised by shape, structure or physical form, e.g. products with supported structure
  • A23G3/54—Composite products, e.g. layered, coated, filled
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
  • A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
  • A23L29/20—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents
  • A23L29/206—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents of vegetable origin
  • A23L29/25—Exudates, e.g. gum arabic, gum acacia, gum karaya or tragacanth
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
  • A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
  • A23L29/20—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents
  • A23L29/206—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents of vegetable origin
  • A23L29/262—Cellulose; Derivatives thereof, e.g. ethers
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
  • A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
  • A23L29/20—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents
  • A23L29/269—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents of microbial origin, e.g. xanthan or dextran
  • A23L29/272—Gellan
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
  • A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
  • A23L29/30—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing carbohydrate syrups; containing sugars; containing sugar alcohols, e.g. xylitol; containing starch hydrolysates, e.g. dextrin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
  • A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23P—SHAPING OR WORKING OF FOODSTUFFS, NOT FULLY COVERED BY A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS
  • A23P20/00—Coating of foodstuffs; Coatings therefor; Making laminated, multi-layered, stuffed or hollow foodstuffs
  • A23P20/10—Coating with edible coatings, e.g. with oils or fats
  • A23P20/15—Apparatus or processes for coating with liquid or semi-liquid products
  • A23P20/17—Apparatus or processes for coating with liquid or semi-liquid products by dipping in a bath
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
  • A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs

Definitions

• This invention relates generally to the area of icings for foods items and more particularly to an icing formulation which is easy to use and has quick-setting properties.
• the present invention provides compositions for flat icing.
• the icing composition is dippable at ambient temperatures (68-80 0 F) and sets in 15 minutes of less at ambient temperature.
• the icing composition is shelf stable at ambient temperatures and can be stored at these temperatures for at least 8 months.
• the icing composition comprises sweetener solids, fat, water and a gum system comprising carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), Gum Arabic and optionally, Gellan Gum.
• CMC carboxymethylcellulose
• Gum Arabic a gum system comprising carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), Gum Arabic and optionally, Gellan Gum.
• CMC carboxymethylcellulose
• the composition can be used as flat icing on baked products. If heated, the composition can be used as a glaze.
• Figure 1 shows the amount of icing needed to provide the desired opacity for a comparative composition and the present invention composition.
• Figure IA and IB shows doughnuts having comparative icing compositions comprising 0.057% Agar and 0.262% Gum Arabic in 14.2 gms (Figure IA) and 22.4 gms (Figure IB) of icing respectively.
• Figure 1C shows a doughnut having an icing of the present invention comprising 0.248% Gum Arabic; 0.437% CMC; 0.486% Gellan Gum in 14.0 gms of icing. AU the doughnuts weighed about the same from 59-61 grams.
• Figure 2 shows that the integrity of the icing is maintained for several days following application.
• Figure 2A shows the present invention icing (having a lemon flavor and comprising 0.248% Gum Arabic; 0.437% CMC; 0.486% Gellan Gum) on a doughnut after 2.5 days and after 1 week (Figure 2C) showing that the integrity is still maintained and
• Figure 2B shows a comparative composition (0.057% Agar, 0.262% Gum Arabic) on a doughnut after 2.5 days showing significant wrinkling of the icing.
• Figure 3 shows that the present composition can also be used as a glaze.
• a glaze can be seen to have formed for the present invention composition (Figure 3A).
• the same doughnut is shown after storage in a closed plastic container for 1 day ( Figure 3B) and 2 days ( Figure 3C).
• a glaze can also be seen for a comparative glaze composition (comprising 0.073% Agar; 0.058% CMC) ( Figure 3D), but when stored in a closed plastic container for a day, the glaze can no longer be distinctly seen (Figure 3E)
• the present invention provides a ready to use shelf stable icing which can be used as a flat icing as well as a glaze.
• the icing composition is dippable and exhibits quick drying characteristics at ambient temperature (68-80 0 F).
• the icing is dippable and sets at 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 3, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79 and 80 0 F.
• the icing is dippable and sets at 72-78°F.
• the icing composition is shelf stable at ambient temperatures and can be stored at these temperatures for at least 6 months. In one embodiment, the icing composition is shelf stable for at least 8 months.
• the icing is particularly useful for doughnuts and can be applied by routine methods such as by dipping of the doughnuts into the icing. This icing when applied to doughnuts, sets within 15 minutes at ambient temperatures.
• the phrase "sets" is used herein to indicate a state where it is dry to the touch but can still hold decorations such as sprinkles. Those skilled in the art will recognize that if the icing is too wet, it will not keep its integrity and if it is too dry, it will not be able to hold sprinkles or other decorations.
• the icing composition comprises sweetener solids, such as fondant, sugar, and corn syrup solids; water; Gum Arabic; Carboxymethycellulose; optionally - Gellan Gum; and fat.
• the icing composition can further comprise various additives such as colorants, flavoring agents and preservatives.
• composition of the icing comprises: at least 70% Solids (contributed by fondant, sugar, and corn syrup); 7% to 12% water; 0.1 to 1.0%, preferably 0.1% to 0.5% fat; 0.1% to 0.5%, preferably 0.1 to 0.3% Gum Arabic; 0.1 to 1.0%, preferably 0.1 to 0.5%
• the icing composition also comprises Gellan Gum. If Gellan Gum is added, it should be in the range of 0.04% to 0.8%, preferably, 0.4 to 0.5% Gellan Gum. The viscosity of the composition is 70,000 centipoise to 90,000 centipoise at 70 to 76°F. It was found that the above combination of gums unexpectedly produced an icing having the properties described herein.
• the sweetener solids can be sugar (4.5 - 9.5%), fondant (75 - 80%) and corn syrup solids (1 - 3%).
• the fats of the icing composition are preferably hard fats. Such fats include palm oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil, babassu oil and tucum oil or various fractions thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the fat is palm kernel oil. It is preferable to use fat in the form of hard fat flakes.
• the setting time for the icing was considerably reduced.
• the CMC is preferably of low viscosity (such as 25-30 centipoise) Consequently, the icing of the present invention sets in 15 minutes or less depending on the amount of icing used. In one embodiment, about 1 oz of the present icing is used per doughnut
• opacity achieved by the icing of the present invention is greater than that of currently available icings. For example, it was observed that even half an ounce of this icing has the opacity comparable to 1 oz of current icings after dipping of doughnuts into the icings. Therefore, by using the icing of the present invention, the amount needed per doughnut can be reduced.
• the reduced amount needed per doughnut will result in cost savings (because of needing less amounts of materials) and time savings (because of the quicker setting time), as well as healthier foods (because of reduced caloric value of the icing per doughnut).
• the icing comprises a combination of 3 gums - Gum Arabic, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and Gellan Gum.
• the gum system has only two gums (Gum Arabic and CMC) and no other gum.
• the icing composition has only three gums (Gum Arabic, CMC and Gellan Gum) and no other gum.
• the gum system consists essentially of two gums - CMC and Gum Arabic and in another embodiment, the gum system consists essentially of three gums - Gum Arabic, CMC and Gellan gum.
• the addition of Gellan gum improves texture characteristics and reduces the setting time to less than 15 minutes.
• the setting time for icing compositions when Gellan gum was also included was 10 minutes or less, generally 8-10 minutes.
• This invention will provide an advantage in the preparation/distribution of doughnuts as these doughnuts can be stacked on top of each other in 15 minutes or less and the doughnuts at the bottom still retain icing integrity due to setting quickly.
• the integrity of the stacked doughnuts is maintained for at least 1 hour. This reduces the problem of the icing of the bottom doughnuts partly disappearing when the doughnuts are stored and/or distributed in a stack.
• the doughnuts can be stored at 3O 0 C (86°F) at 65% humidity for at least 12 hours and in one embodiment, they can be stacked for at least 18 hours.
• the icing composition of the present invention can be used in icing of doughnuts in fast food establishments.
• the composition can be heated to 100 to 125 0 F so that it can be applied to doughnuts via commercial mechanical apparatus which typically require the icing compositions to he heated to these temperatures. It was observed that this icing compositions could withstand heating to temperatures of 150 0 F and could be easily applied to doughnuts using the commercial equipment.
• the present composition can be used for icing applications, i.e. for flat icing applications. When warmed to a temperature of 175 to 200 0 F, the present composition becomes thinner and then can be used as a transparent glaze on baked product such as doughnuts.
• Some of the characteristics of the present composition are presented below: a. Dippable at ambient temperatures (68 0 F to 8O 0 F). b. For a regular doughnut (1.8 to 2.0 oz) about half an ounce of icing (from 13 to 15 gms) delivers the required opacity typical for flat icing application. c. The icing sets in 15 minutes or less at ambient temperatures. d.
• the composition is shelf stable (and dippable) at ambient temperatures for up to 8 months.
• the icing composition of the present invention can also be used at higher temperatures. When the icing is heated to 175 to 200 0 F, it performs like a glaze. The performance of the glaze was better than that of current glazing compositions.
• composition of the present invention retained the glaze after 24 hours in a plastic cover (clam shell packaging format) and even 2 days while the currently available glaze cause the doughnut to become soggy - likely due to moisture migration from the donut into the dissolved sugar crystal.
• the method of making the present invention is as follows: The solids are mixed and blended. The gums are then added in and then corn syrup is added. Then the fat is added. The mixture is blended and heated to homogenously mix and is then cooled to desired temperature.
• flavors can be added to the composition.
• the flavors added include, but are not limited to Lemon, Caramel, Hazelnut, Chocolate, Strawberry, Maple, peanut and non-allergenic peanut.
• EXAMPLE 1 The following formulation was used to prepare the icing with or without Gellan
• the sweetener ingredients are mixed.
• the gums are mixed separately and then Corn syrup is added. Then the fat is added. The mix is heated to make a proper blend.
• Tables 2 and 3 provide comparative compositions.
• Table 4 provides setting time for the comparative compositions. It was observed that when the icing compositions were made with the gum combinations shown in Table 2 and applied to doughnuts, the icing set in 15 minutes. However, the compositions were not shelf stable and thickened over time during storage and it became harder to dip the donuts after storage (such as after 2 hours of storage). Further, Table 3 shows icing compositions with Gums such that doughnuts were dippable at room temperature but the icing did not set within 15 minutes. Table 4 further provides performance characteristics and setting time for various gum combinations.
• compositions of the present invention are shelf stable and can be stored (covered) at ambient temperatures for at least 8 months.
• the icing compositions in Table 2 were not shelf stable and thickened over time (even when stored covered for a 2 hour storage period) and therefore required heating prior to use following storage.
• Table 5
• This example describes the performance of icing composition of the present invention and a comparative composition.
• the gum combination was 0.248% Gum Arabic; 0.437% CMC; 0.486% Gellan Gum.
• the gum combination was 0.057% Agar and 0.262% Gum Arabic.
• Figure IA for the comparative composition, application of about half ounce of the composition (14.4 grams) did not result in the opacity to cover the entire upper surface of the doughnut; it took more than one and a half times that amount as shown in Figure IB.
• half an ounce was sufficient to provide opacity such that the entire upper surface was covered resulting in a desirable appearance (Figure 1C).
• This example describes the application of the present composition as a glaze.
• the composition was warmed up to 175 0 F and then applied to the doughnut.
• a shiny glaze is formed on the doughnut (Figure 3A). If this doughnut is then stored in a covered plastic container (clam shell format), the glaze can still be seen after 1 day ( Figure 3B) and after 2 days ( Figure 3C).
• Figure 3D for a comparative glaze composition ( Figure 3D), after 1 day in the clam shell format, the glaze cannot be observed and appears to have blended into the doughnut (Figure 3E).

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Nutrition Science (AREA)
• Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Confectionery (AREA)
• Bakery Products And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
• Materials Applied To Surfaces To Minimize Adherence Of Mist Or Water (AREA)
• Jellies, Jams, And Syrups (AREA)

Priority Applications (8)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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Citations (4)

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• 2007
  • 2007-12-17 AU AU2007333821A patent/AU2007333821B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2007-12-17 CN CN2007800501605A patent/CN101610684B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2007-12-17 TW TW096148346A patent/TWI451883B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2007-12-17 US US11/957,973 patent/US9854819B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2007-12-17 KR KR1020097014070A patent/KR20090100384A/ko not_active Ceased
  • 2007-12-17 CA CA2672889A patent/CA2672889C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2007-12-17 BR BRPI0721118-0A patent/BRPI0721118A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2007-12-17 MX MX2009006424A patent/MX2009006424A/es active IP Right Grant
  • 2007-12-17 JP JP2009541635A patent/JP5400616B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2007-12-17 WO PCT/US2007/087772 patent/WO2008076976A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2007-12-17 EP EP07865744.2A patent/EP2101595B1/en not_active Not-in-force
• 2009
  • 2009-06-26 ZA ZA200904498A patent/ZA200904498B/xx unknown
  • 2009-07-15 CO CO09073664A patent/CO6220918A2/es active IP Right Grant

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