WO2008071612A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung von stabilen binder-freien hochreinen formkörpern aus metalloxiden und deren anwendung - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung von stabilen binder-freien hochreinen formkörpern aus metalloxiden und deren anwendung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2008071612A1 WO2008071612A1 PCT/EP2007/063383 EP2007063383W WO2008071612A1 WO 2008071612 A1 WO2008071612 A1 WO 2008071612A1 EP 2007063383 W EP2007063383 W EP 2007063383W WO 2008071612 A1 WO2008071612 A1 WO 2008071612A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- metal oxide
- surface area
- production
- moldings
- shaped body
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 32
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 30
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical group O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 229910021485 fumed silica Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000001698 pyrogenic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 48
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 48
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 45
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 32
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 28
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 21
- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 14
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 9
- -1 alumina Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 8
- HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium stearate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 5
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Natural products N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GEIAQOFPUVMAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO Inorganic materials [Zr]=O GEIAQOFPUVMAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000019359 magnesium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007970 homogeneous dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 3
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006259 organic additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- LNAZSHAWQACDHT-XIYTZBAFSA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dimethoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-(methoxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-4,5,6-trimethoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxane Chemical compound CO[C@@H]1[C@@H](OC)[C@H](OC)[C@@H](COC)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](OC)[C@@H](OC)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](OC)[C@H](OC)O[C@@H]2COC)OC)O[C@@H]1COC LNAZSHAWQACDHT-XIYTZBAFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910006501 ZrSiO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- CEGOLXSVJUTHNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium tristearate Chemical compound [Al+3].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CEGOLXSVJUTHNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229940063655 aluminum stearate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002296 dynamic light scattering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005350 fused silica glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004200 microcrystalline wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004901 spalling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910015902 Bi 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001479 Hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910018287 SbF 5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910005091 Si3N Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NPKGQBIUYHHPOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu+2].[C-]#[C-] Chemical compound [Cu+2].[C-]#[C-] NPKGQBIUYHHPOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006137 acetoxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001420 alkaline earth metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- DKUYEPUUXLQPPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibismuth;molybdenum;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Mo].[Mo].[Bi+3].[Bi+3] DKUYEPUUXLQPPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJKVHSBPTUYDLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydroxy(oxo)silane Chemical compound O[Si](O)=O IJKVHSBPTUYDLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010316 high energy milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010335 hydrothermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001095 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002354 inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CPOFMOWDMVWCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl(oxo)alumane Chemical compound C[Al]=O CPOFMOWDMVWCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdate Chemical compound [O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002826 nitrites Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052574 oxide ceramic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011224 oxide ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003003 phosphines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002459 porosimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical class [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadate(3-) Chemical class [O-][V]([O-])([O-])=O LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/08—Silica
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
- B01J23/745—Iron
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
- B01J23/75—Cobalt
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/889—Manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/8896—Rhenium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
- B01J35/56—Foraminous structures having flow-through passages or channels, e.g. grids or three-dimensional monoliths
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G23/00—Compounds of titanium
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Definitions
- the invention relates to the preparation of stable binder-free high-purity shaped bodies of metal oxides, in particular pyrogenic metal oxides, and their use.
- Pyrogenic metal oxides are characterized by extreme fineness, high specific surface areas, defined, spherical primary particles with defined surface chemistry and by non-existent internal surfaces (pores). Furthermore, they are characterized by a very high chemical purity.
- the production of moldings from metal oxide powders is usually carried out by pressing or extrusion using binders and lubricants to obtain stable moldings.
- the binders and lubricants are inorganic and organic additives.
- Inorganic additives such as magnesium stearate, remain in the moldings produced in the form of inorganic compounds, such as magnesium oxide.
- Organic additives can also cause impurities such as carbon in the production process of the moldings.
- the desired very high purity of the pyrogenic metal oxides used, such as pyrogenic SiO 2 is lost in the moldings produced thereby.
- Another source of contamination is the production process itself. It is known that process steps, such as grinding, impurities by abrasion of grinding containers, grinding tool and grinding balls are generated and introduced into the material to be ground.
- EP 72390 describes the production of pressings from a mixture of fumed metal oxides, water, silica sol and a pressing aid.
- a polyhydric alcohol e.g., glycerol
- EP 393356 describes the production of pressings from fumed silica, urea, methylcellulose and / or magnesium stearate, graphite, aluminum stearate and water.
- EP 807615 includes a method for producing pressings consisting of fumed silica, methyl cellulose, microwax and polyethylene glycol and water.
- the pellets usually have contents of 50-90 wt .-% Silicon dioxide, 0.1-20 wt .-% of methylcellulose and 0.1-15 wt .-% of microwax and 0.1-15 wt .-% polyethylene glycol on.
- EP 916402 Al describes the production of extrudates with a pore volume of 0.5 to 1.8 ml / g of fumed silica.
- the starting mixture contains water and fumed silica with the addition of
- Methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, wax and polyethylene glycol The mixture obtained by mixing is formed into extrudates in a screw extruder.
- DE OS 10247314 discloses moldings based on silicon dioxide and / or titanium dioxide, which additionally contain glass fibers.
- the shaped articles are produced by adding powdered silicon dioxide and / or titanium dioxide
- the object of the invention is to improve the prior art and in particular a process for the production of moldings based on metal oxides, in particular pyrogenic metal oxides, such as pyrogenic SiO 2 , as well as moldings for
- the invention relates to a process for the production of moldings from one or more metal oxides, characterized in that at least one metal oxide is predispersed in water and then finely dispersed and this dispersion is subjected to a change in the pH and then shaping and subsequent drying takes place.
- Metal oxides worked so that the sum of impurities (all other metals and carbon and phosphorus and sulfur) in the molding is less than 400 ppm.
- a volatile metal compound e.g. a metal halide or an organometallic compound
- a metal halide or an organometallic compound injected into a blast of hydrogen and air.
- This substance hydrolyzes to the metal oxide under the influence of the water formed in the oxyhydrogen gas reaction.
- the metal oxide After leaving the flame, the metal oxide enters a so-called coagulation zone in which the primary particles and primary aggregates agglomerate.
- the amorphous fine-grained pyrogenic metal oxides such as pyrogenic SiO 2 have aggregate sizes of 100 nm to 500 nm, measured with dynamic light scattering. These metal oxides have a BET surface area between 30 and 500 m 2 / g, preferably between 150 and 450 m 2 / g, very particularly preferably between 300 and 400 m 2 / g.
- the metal oxide particles are present in highly pure form, ie preferably with a foreign atom content, in particular of metals of ⁇ 15 ppmw (parts per million by weight).
- the production of particularly high-purity pyrogenic metal oxide takes place in accordance with DE 10211958.
- the second step concerns the preparation of a homogeneous dispersion by dispersing the metal oxide powder in water.
- a homogeneous dispersion according to the invention is present when the dispersion is preferably as free as possible from not dispersed agglomerates.
- the proportion of agglomerates with diameters greater than 600 nm in the dispersion is less than 10%, preferably less than 1%, more preferably less than 0.1%, measured with dynamic light scattering on a 0.3% dispersion.
- Non-dispersed agglomerates cause inhomogeneities in the later ceramic structure of the respective application, for example as a catalyst support.
- the inhomogeneities may, for example, be density inhomogeneities or inhomogeneities in the pore diameter distribution.
- the dispersion can be carried out with the help of different Dispersers.
- the metal oxide powder is first stirred in with the aid of a dissolver disk or planetary dissolver disk in water and at a
- the wetting of the metal oxide powder by water should already be complete here.
- the subsequent fine dispersion serves the
- the dispersion is preferably finely dispersed by means of a dissolver, ultrasonic flow cell, planetary dissolver or wet jet mill for at least 25 minutes.
- the dispersion is finely dispersed by means of a dissolver or planetary dissolver for at least 25 min at a peripheral speed of the dissolver disk of at least 10 m / s.
- High-purity embodiments can, for example, include the use of dissolver Discs, grinding balls and ultrasonic transmitters of quartz glass or planetary tools coated with a high-purity hard plastic.
- oxide ceramic grinding balls such as ZrO 2, ZrSiO 4 or Al 2 O 3, as a grinding tool is eliminated.
- contamination milling balls such as tungsten carbide, silicon carbide or silicon nitride, find use. If one uses the principle of high energy milling by means of a wet-jet mill, contamination by definition is excluded. According to this principle, high-pressure predispersed dispersion streams are released via a nozzle. The streams hit each other exactly and the particles grind themselves.
- a low viscosity (e.g., ⁇ 2 Pa s) and yield point is important for optimum dispersion of the solid particles and homogeneous dispersion. These can be achieved by pH change. In the case of fumed metal oxide, this can be done by adding an acid.
- the dispersions can also be freed at the end of the dispersion by screening of non-dispersible, non-wetted and other coarse particles.
- Dispersant used for the metal oxide particles Organic solvents are eliminated due to the risk of carbon contamination.
- water is used in a highly pure form (Fe ⁇ 2 ppb) as described e.g. can be obtained by literature methods or is commercially available.
- specially purified water is used which has a resistance of> 18 Mega ⁇ hm * cm.
- the dispersion has a proportion of fumed metal oxide particles between preferably 5 and 40 wt.%, Preferably between 10 and 30% by weight and more preferably between 15 and 25% by weight. If tabletting is carried out as shaping, a significantly higher solids content up to 100% by weight is selected. If one mixes the precipitated metal oxide particles with the fumed metal oxide particles, then, as in the case of precipitated silica, the solids content in the dispersion can be from 40% by weight to 65% by weight relative to the upper limit of a dispersion of exclusively fumed metal oxide particles in water. % increase. Preference is given here to a solids content of from 5% by weight to 65% by weight, particularly preferably from 15% by weight to 50% by weight, very particularly preferably from 25% by weight to 35% by weight.
- the third process step relates to the coagulation of the dispersion by pH change, preferably by adjustment to a pH of 5.0 to 10.0 and 5.0 to 7.5, respectively.
- the pH adjustment can be carried out by the aid of bases, such as NaOH, KOH, NH 3 .
- NH 3 is particularly preferably used here.
- the dispersion can be converted from its homogeneous, stable, low-viscosity range by addition of NH 3 into a range in which the dispersion coagulates and solidifies. In the coagulated state it is possible to speak of a viscoelastic solid, ie the storage modulus G 'is higher than the loss modulus G ".
- Dispersions of commercially available fumed silica normally exhibit a pH of about 3 to 5 depending on the solids content.
- Stable shaped bodies can be formed when the dispersion has a pH range of preferably 5.0 to 10.0, preferably 5.5 to 8.5, particularly preferably from 6.0 to 7.0, very particularly preferably 5.5 to 6.9 and very particularly preferably 6.0 to 6.4 is set. After adjustment to the above pH value, the dispersion absorbs with stirring within a few minutes and results in a moldable mass with viscoelastic behavior.
- these are shaped bodies of pyrogenic aluminum oxide, they can be formed with sufficient stability if the dispersion has a pH range of preferably 5.0 to 7.5, preferably 6.5 to 7.5, particularly preferably 7, 0 to 7.5 is set. In case of
- Fumed titanium dioxide moldings suffice for stability when the dispersion is adjusted to a pH range of preferably from 5.0 to 7.5, preferably from 5.3 to 6.5, more preferably from 5.6 to 6.0. If the target is to be a stable shaped body of pyrogenic zirconium dioxide, the dispersion is previously adjusted to a pH range of preferably 5.0 to 7.5, preferably 5.1 to 6.0, particularly preferably 5.3 to 5.7 ,
- Viscoelastic behavior means that in a rheological deformation experiment in oscillation of the
- Memory module G ' is greater than the loss modulus G''is.
- the determination of the amounts of G 'and G takes place in the plateau region of the storage module G'.
- the storage modulus G 'in the context of the invention should be at least 10000 Pa, preferably at least 50,000 Pa, and the quotient G "/ G' should be less than 1, preferably less than 0.55 and most preferably less than 0.25.
- the respective module was measured by plate-plate geometry with a shear gap of 1.5 mm or in another embodiment of 2 mm at a temperature of 23 ° C.
- the inventive use of the composition according to the invention is characterized by particular long-term stability of the viscoelastic behavior. This means that the storage module G 'is added after a storage period of 1 week
- the shaping of the mass, z. B. by preferably extruding, tableting or pressing.
- the specialist known devices such as
- Extruder tableting machine, ram extruder, conceivable.
- the geometry of the shaped body results from the respectively selected shaping tool. It is possible to produce geometries such as rings, pellets, cylinders, carriage wheels, balls, etc.
- the length of rings and pellets is defined using a cutting device immediately after shaping.
- the drying of the molding is carried out in the fifth process step. This is done by means of methods known to those skilled in the art (drying oven, IR heating, microwave). The drying is effected at temperatures preferably between 25 ° C and 200 0 C, preferably between 30 0 C and 100 0 C, most preferably between 40 0 C and 80 0 C.
- the drying time depends on the quantity ratio of metal oxide to water, is but preferably between 2 and 24 hours.
- a calcination of the molding can be carried out by methods known to the person skilled in the art. Preference is given to calcination in an oven under an air atmosphere.
- the air can be another gas be mixed.
- Suitable protective gases are all protective gases known to those skilled in the art, particularly preferably nitrogen, argon or helium.
- the air can also be completely replaced by the inert gas.
- the calcination is carried out at temperatures between 500 0 C and 1250 0 C, preferably between 700 ° C and 1100 0 C and more preferably between 850 0 C and 1000 0 C.
- the calcination time is between 0.5 and 10 hours, a typical calcination is at 2 hours.
- the calcination can be carried out under normal pressure or under vacuum.
- the calcining step reduces the surface area of the catalyst support, which is an important size for the catalytic process.
- the support materials according to the invention because of their excellent homogeneity, exhibit sufficient stability even without calcination or after calcination at low temperatures, in addition to the higher purity they also have significantly higher carrier surfaces and pore volumes compared to the prior art.
- Another object is a stable, binder-free, highly pure shaped body of metal oxides, characterized in that the shaped body preferably has a total of impurities (all metals and carbon and phosphorus and sulfur) less than 100 ppm, the compressive strength at least 2 N / mm 2 and the proportion of spalling in the presence of liquids or gases is less than 5% by weight.
- the present invention relates to a stable shaped body, characterized in that the shaped body preferably a sum of impurities (all metals and carbon and phosphorus and sulfur) smaller 400 ppm, preferably less than 250 ppm, particularly preferably less than 100 ppm, very particularly preferably less than 50 ppm and very particularly preferably less than 20 ppm. More preferably, the molded article has a sum of impurities (all metals and phosphorus and sulfur and carbon) less than 10 ppm, and most preferably less than 1 ppm.
- the shaped body is characterized in that the sum of sulfur and phosphorus is preferably at most 5 ppm, preferably at most 0.5 ppm.
- the carbon contamination is preferably below 50 ppm, preferably below 1 ppm.
- the shaped body contains a maximum of impurities of preferably 80 ppm, summed over all metals, preferably not more than 20 ppm.
- a peculiarity of this invention is the fact that despite the high purity of the mass, which normally results in a low viscosity, pronounced viscoelastic behavior is present.
- particular impurities, additives or dopants are responsible for an increase in viscosity and viscoelastic behavior.
- impurities, additives or dopants include, among others, the already cited binders, but also metallic impurities.
- the composition and the molded article are thus free of inorganic and organic chemical binders, such as e.g. Glycerine, kaolin, sugar, starch, urea, wax, methylcellulose, magnesium stearate, graphite, aluminum stearate, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide.
- the carriers produced have a proportion of chipping of preferably less than 5% by weight, preferably less than 1% by weight and very particularly preferably less than 0.5% by weight.
- the shaped body according to the invention can generally be used in all processes or working steps known to the person skilled in the art in which the properties of the shaped body and in particular of the porous material contained in the shaped body are desired.
- the shaped body according to the invention is used as a catalyst in chemical reactions or serves as a carrier material to which the respective active components adapted to the process are applied.
- the process not only concerns pyrogenic metal oxides such as fumed SiO 2, Al 2 O 3, ZrO 2 and TiO 2, but generally includes SiO 2, Al 2 O 3, ZrO 2 and TiO 2 type metal oxides, although pyrogenic metal oxides are preferred because of their fineness.
- Preparation of acidic catalyst supports by doping pyrogenic SiO 2 with pyrogenic Al 2 O 3. As a result of this doping, Lewis acidic centers are created in the SiO 2.
- SiO 2 preferably high-purity oxides SiO 2, Al 2 O 3, ZrO 2 and TiO 2
- the described overall purity always refers to the main component. If, for example, SiO 2 is doped with Al 2 O 3 and TiO 2, then Si and O are main constituents.
- the impurities are then the elements Carbon, phosphorus, sulfur and all metals except Si, where the sum of impurities (all other metals as well as carbon and phosphorus and sulfur) is less than 400 ppm. If, for example, pyrogenic SiO 2 is mixed, for example, with precipitated silica or fused silica, then Si and O are also to be regarded as main constituents.
- the high purity of the undoped shaped bodies produced also permits doping with other inorganic dopants.
- One condition is that the sum of contaminants, i. all elements except Si and O, less than 400 ppm, preferably less than 250 ppm, more preferably less than 100 ppm and most preferably less than 50 ppm.
- inorganic metal salts can be selected. This may be e.g. halides, oxides, nitrates, nitrites, silicates,
- any cationic species is suitable as counterion to this anionic component. It is preferably a cation from the group of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal ions. Most preferably, an alkali cation is used.
- high purity SiO 2 is mixed with high purity Al 2 O 3 or high purity SiO 2 with high purity TiO 2 in any proportions.
- Si and Al or Si and Ti are the main constituents.
- impurities then the elements carbon, phosphorus, sulfur and all metals except Si and Al or Si and Ti are considered.
- the use of finely divided oxides gives moldings with high surfaces.
- the achieved BET surface areas are between preferably 30 m 2 / g and 500 m 2 / g, preferably between 150 m 2 / g and 450 m 2 / g and particularly preferably between 250 m 2 / g and 400 m 2 / g.
- the finely divided oxides cause furthermore, the production of a shaped body with a high pore volume which is between preferably 0.5 ml / g and 1.8 ml / g, preferably between 0.7 ml / g and 1.25 ml / g and particularly preferably between 0.9 ml / g and 1.2 ml / g.
- Calcination can be used to form finely porous moldings from the finely divided metal oxides.
- the proportion of pores with a diameter between 10 nm and 20 nm is typically more than 50%, preferably more than 70% and particularly preferably more than 80%.
- the molded body has already in the dried green state a high dimensional stability and strength greater than 2 N / mm 2 , preferably greater than 10 N / mm 2 , with a BET surface area of 50 m 2 / g to 500 m 2 / g, preferably 250 m 2 / g up to 450 m 2 / g, at one
- Pore volume from 0.7 ml / g to 1.8 ml / g, preferably 1 ml / g to 1.6 ml / g and with a proportion of pores with diameters of 20 nm to 100 nm of at least 20%, preferably at least 50 %, more preferably at least 75%.
- the strength is higher, preferably greater than 10 N / mm 2 , preferably greater than 30 N / mm 2 , more preferably greater than 100 N / mm 2 at a BET surface area of from 30 m 2 / g to 400 m 2 / g, with a pore volume of 0.5 ml / g to 1.5 ml / g, preferably 0.7 ml / g to 1.2 ml / g and with a proportion of pores with diameters of 5 nm to 20 nm of at least 50% , preferably at least 75%, more preferably at least 85%.
- Both in the dried green state and in the calcined state there is a monomodal pore distribution.
- Dimensional stability in the context of the invention also means that the carrier, on contact with gases or liquids, such as water, over a period of at least 48 h at most 5 wt .-%, preferably at most 1 wt .-% and particularly preferably at most 0.5 wt .-% shows flaking phenomena. This is both for the impregnation of the carrier with active substance as well as for Application in a chemical reactor important. Spalling can cause a high pressure drop in the reactor in the application.
- the moldings of the invention are characterized in that they are produced without the usual addition of auxiliaries / additives such as extrusion aids, pore formers or sols. By dispensing with auxiliaries, the high chemical purity of (for example pyrogenic) metal oxides can be maintained.
- auxiliaries such as extrusion aids, pore formers or sols.
- the carrier form of the materials is not critical to the process of the invention. Whether the active components are added to the pasty mass before the shaping step and thus already present more or less finely distributed on the carrier material after the shaping step, or only after the final step
- Another object of the invention is a catalyst support which is a stable, binder-free, highly pure shaped body of metal oxides. This shaped body serves as a carrier for catalytically active substances.
- the catalytically active substance can either be added during the production of the molding or only after the
- Preparation of the molded article e.g. by impregnation, be incorporated into the molding.
- catalytically active substances that can be carried by the molded article described in this invention include metals such as Pd, Au, Pt, Ru, Rh, Re, Ni, Fe, Co, Cu, Mo, Sn and Ag, oxides , such as V 2 O 5 , MoO 3 , WO 3 , P 2 O 5 , Nb 2 O 5 , Ta 2 O 5 , Bi 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , Cr 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , CoO, NiO, MnO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , Sb 2 O 3 , SnO 2 , CeO 2 , CuO, MgO and ZnO, zeolites, bismuth molybdate, K 2 S 2 O 7 , copper acetylide, phosphine complexes, carbonyl complexes, Halides, such as copper chloride, palladium chloride, alumnium chloride, BF 3 , SbF 5 , acids such as HF, HF
- the catalysts listed here can be carried alone and in the form of any mixtures of the molding.
- the catalyst consisting of support material and active substance can be used for various catalytically assisted reactions, but especially in chemical synthesis. This applies to reactions such as alkylations, isomerizations, polymerizations, hydrogenations, oxidation reactions, hydration, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and acetoxylations.
- the molding according to the invention is already applicable in the green state, ie only dried and not calcined for catalytic reactions.
- the BET surface is preferably determined according to DIN 66131 with nitrogen.
- the pore distribution is preferably determined by means of mercury porosimetry.
- the strength is preferably determined using the universal testing machine Z 400 E with 1 kN force transducer. The strengths given in the examples were measured on horizontal and stationary moldings. The strength is based on the contact surface of the molding in mm 2 in the measurement.
- the determination of the viscoelastic functions G 'and G "and the viscosity is preferably made using a Haake RS600 plate-and-plate rheometer at a plate diameter of 35 mm and a shear gap of 1.5 mm or in another embodiment of 2 mm carried out at 23 ° C.
- the shear stress is 1 Pa.
- the measuring cycle is: oscillation with 3.183 Hz and 120 s, rotation with 1000 revolutions in 30 s, oscillation with 3.183 Hz and 1000 s.
- the plateau of the second oscillation measurement is used for the evaluation.
- the percentage of flakes is preferably determined by sieving. It relates to the proportion by weight passing through a tumble screen, based on the total weight of the selected batch of shaped article.
- the screen penetration area amounts to 80% of the smallest shaped body area.
- the pH of the metal oxide dispersions is measured not on a 5% strength by weight but on a 4% strength by weight aqueous dispersion.
- the determination of the impurities is preferably carried out according to the ICP analysis method (Inductive Coupled Plasma, device type ICP-MS HP4500 or ICP-AES Optima 3000).
- the detection limit of the ICP analysis method Inductive Coupled Plasma, device type ICP-MS HP4500 or ICP-AES Optima 3000.
- Method is less than 1 ppb (ICP / MS) or less than 0.5 ppm (ICP / AES).
- Determination of carbon contamination is preferably performed on the Leco CS230 and Leco GC-TOF instrument.
- the mass is extruded in a ram extruder by a suitable tool to the desired shapes and cut to the desired length of the molding.
- the resulting shaped articles - in this case pellets with a length of 6 mm, a diameter of 6 mm - are dried for 24 hours at a temperature of 85 0 C.
- the moldings according to the invention have a surface area (BET surface area) of 290 m 2 / g and a pore volume of 1.1 ml / g.
- the mechanical strength of the pellets is 11 N / mm 2 .
- the corresponding purity values are given in Table 1.
- the mass is extruded in a ram extruder by a suitable tool to the desired shapes and cut to the desired length of the molding.
- the resulting shaped articles - in this case pellets with a length of 6 mm, a diameter of 6 mm - are dried for 24 hours at a temperature of 85 0 C.
- the moldings according to the invention have a surface area (BET surface area) of 350 m 2 / g and a pore volume of 1.1 ml / g.
- the strength of the pellets is 15 N / mm 2 .
- the corresponding purity values are given in Table 1.
- the preparation of the carrier is analogous to Example B2. Following the support is sintered at 950 0 C.
- the moldings according to the invention have a surface area (BET surface area) of 300 m 2 / g and a pore volume of 1.0 ml / g.
- the mechanical strength of the pellets is 42 N / mm 2 .
- the corresponding purity values are given in Table 1.
- the preparation of the carrier is analogous to Example B2. Subsequently, the carrier is sintered at 1060 0 C.
- the moldings according to the invention have a surface area (BET surface area) of 205 m 2 / g and a pore volume of 0.75 ml / g.
- the mechanical strength of the pellets is 261 N / mm 2 .
- the corresponding purity values are given in Table 1.
- the mass is extruded in a ram extruder by a suitable tool to the desired shapes and cut to the desired length of the molding of 6 mm.
- the resulting shaped articles - in this case pellets with a length of 8 mm and a diameter of 6 mm - are dried for 24 hours at a temperature of 85 ° C.
- the moldings according to the invention have a surface area (BET surface area) of 340 m 2 / g and a pore volume of 1.1 ml / g.
- the mechanical strength of the pellets is 16 N / mm 2 . All
- the preparation of the carrier is analogous to Example B5. Subsequently, the carrier is sintered at 950 0 C.
- the moldings according to the invention have a surface area (BET surface area) of 310 m 2 / g and a pore volume of 1.0 ml / g.
- the mechanical strength of the pellets is 49 N / mm 2 .
- the corresponding purity values are given in Table 1.
- Example 7 In a 60 liter plastic cup 23.1 kg bidistilled H 2 O are submitted. With a plastic-coated dissolver disc, 6.9 kg of pyrogenic silicon dioxide (BET surface area 400 m 2 / g) are stirred in at 1000 rpm. Subsequently, at a
- the mass is extruded in a ram extruder by a suitable tool to the desired shapes and cut to the desired length of the molding.
- the resulting shaped articles - in this case pellets having a length of 6 mm and a diameter of 6 mm - are dried for 24 hours at a temperature of 85 ° C.
- the shaped bodies according to the invention have a surface area (BET surface area) of 330 m 2 / g and a pore volume of 1.1 ml / g.
- the carrier is sintered at 1040 0 C.
- the moldings according to the invention have a surface area (BET surface area) of 200 m 2 / g and a pore volume of 0.85 ml / g.
- the mechanical strength of the pellets is 113 N / mm 2 .
- the mass is extruded in a ram extruder through a suitable tool to the desired shape and to the desired length of the molded article
- the shaped bodies obtained - in this case rings with a length of 6 mm, an outer diameter of 6 mm and a bore of 3 mm - are dried for 24 hours at a temperature of 85 ° C.
- the ring carrier bodies according to the invention have a BET surface area of 340 m 2 / g and a pore volume of 1.1 ml / g. in the terminal, the carrier is not sintered at 950 0 C.
- the ring carrier body according to the invention have a surface area (BET surface area) of 300 m 2 / g and a pore volume of 1.0 ml / g
- the mechanical strength of the rings is 28 N / mm 2 .
- the ring carrier bodies according to the invention have a surface (BET Surface area of 310 m 2 / g and a pore volume of 1.1 ml / g
- the support is then sintered at 950 ° C.
- the ring carrier bodies according to the invention have a surface area (BET surface area) of 280 m 2 / g and a pore volume of 1.0 ml / g
- the mechanical strength of the rings is 30 N / mm 2 .
- the mass is extruded in a ram extruder by a suitable tool to the desired shapes and cut to the desired length of the molding.
- the resulting shaped articles - in this case pellets having a length of 6 mm and a diameter of 6 mm - are dried for 24 hours at a temperature of 85 ° C.
- the moldings according to the invention have a surface area (BET surface area) of 380 m 2 / g and a pore volume of 1.2 ml / g.
- the carrier is sintered at 1035 0 C.
- Shaped bodies have a surface area (BET surface area) of 230 m 2 / g and a pore volume of 0.9 ml / g.
- the mechanical strength of the pellets is 121 N / mm 2 .
- the moldings according to the invention have a surface area (BET surface area) of 300 m 2 / g and a pore volume of 0.9 ml / g.
- the support is then sintered at 1050 ° C.
- the moldings according to the invention have a surface area (BET surface area) of 210 m 2 / g and a pore volume of 0.8 ml / g.
- the mechanical strength of the pellets is 155 N / mm 2 .
- the mass is extruded in a ram extruder by a suitable tool to the desired shapes and cut to the desired length of the molding.
- the resulting molded articles - in this case rings of 5 mm in length, 5 mm in outer diameter and 2.5 mm in bore - are dried for 24 hours at a temperature of 85 ° C. and a relative humidity of 50%.
- the ring carrier bodies according to the invention have a surface (BET surface) of 100 m 2 / g and a pore volume of 0.75 ml / g.
- the mechanical strength of the rings is 9 N / mm 2 .
- the mass is extruded in a ram extruder by a suitable tool to the desired shapes and cut to the desired length of the molding.
- the resulting shaped articles - in this case pellets having a length of 6 mm and a diameter of 6 mm - are dried for 24 hours at a temperature of 85 ° C.
- the shaped bodies according to the invention have a surface area (BET surface area) of 330 m 2 / g and a pore volume of 1.1 ml / g.
- the mechanical strength of the pellets is 22 N / mm 2 .
- the corresponding purity values are given in Table 1.
- Example 14 By means of dissolver, 300 g of fumed silica (BET surface area 400 m 2 / g) are dispersed in 1200 g of bidistilled H 2 O. The dispersion is redispersed for 30 minutes at a circumferential speed of the dissolver disk of 12 m / s. With the help of a wet jet mill of the type
- Ultimaizer HJP-25050 the particles are comminuted in the resulting dispersion at a pressure of 1000 bar.
- the slurry is transferred to a planetary mixer with 2 plastic-coated beam stirrers. At 100 rpm, 4.5 g of 1% NH 3 solution is added dropwise. After the addition is stirred for a further 5 min. Then the mixture is introduced into a ram extruder.
- Shaped bodies have a surface area (BET surface area) of 370 m 2 / g and a pore volume of 1.1 ml / g.
- the mechanical strength of the pellets is 17 N / mm 2 .
- the corresponding purity values are given in Table 1.
- the mass is extruded in a ram extruder by a suitable tool to the desired shapes and cut to the desired length of the molding.
- the resulting shaped articles - in this case rings with a length of 5 mm, an outer diameter of 5 mm and a bore of 2.5 mm - are dried for 24 hours at a temperature of 85 0 C.
- the ring carrier bodies according to the invention have a surface area (BET surface area) of 300 m 2 / g and a pore volume of 1.1 ml / g.
- the support is not sintered at 1020 0 C.
- the ring carrier bodies according to the invention have a surface area (BET surface area) of 240 m 2 / g and a pore volume of 0.9 ml / g.
- the mechanical strength of the rings is 45 N / mm 2 .
- the mass is extruded in a ram extruder by a suitable tool to the desired shapes and cut to the desired length of the molding.
- the obtained Moldings - in this case rings with a length of 5 mm, an outer diameter of 5 mm and a bore of 2.5 mm - are dried for 24 hours at a temperature of 85 0 C.
- the ring carrier bodies according to the invention have a surface area (BET surface area) of 190 m 2 / g and a pore volume of 1.1 ml / g.
- the support is not sintered at 1020 0 C.
- the ring carrier bodies according to the invention have a surface area (BET surface area) of 150 m 2 / g and a pore volume of 0.9 ml / g.
- the mechanical strength of the rings is 39 N / mm 2 .
- the moldings according to the invention have a BET surface area of 260 m 2 / g and a pore volume of 1.1 ml / g. Following the support is sintered at 950 0 C.
- the moldings according to the invention have a surface area (BET surface area) of 200 m 2 / g and a pore volume of 1.0 ml / g.
- the mechanical strength of the rings is 58 N / mm 2 .
- the mass is extruded in a ram extruder by a suitable tool to the desired shapes and cut to the desired length of the molding.
- the resulting molded articles - in this case rings with a length of 6 mm, an outer diameter of 6 mm and a bore of 2.5 mm - are dried for 24 hours at a temperature of 85 0 C.
- the ring carrier bodies according to the invention have a surface area (BET surface area) of 250 m 2 / g and a pore volume of 1.1 ml / g.
- the support is then sintered at 950 ° C.
- the ring carrier bodies according to the invention have a Surface area (BET surface area) of 210 m 2 / g and a pore volume of 1.0 ml / g.
- the mechanical strength of the rings is 54 N / mm 2 .
- the mass is extruded in a ram extruder by a suitable tool to the desired shapes and cut to the desired length of the molding.
- the resulting shaped articles - in this case pellets with a length of 6 mm, a diameter of 6 mm - are dried for 24 hours at a temperature of 85 0 C. Afterwards the
- the moldings according to the invention have a surface area (BET surface area) of 205 m 2 / g and a pore volume of 0.75 ml / g.
- the mechanical strength of the pellets is 35 N / mm 2 .
- the corresponding purity values are given in Table 1.
- the mass is extruded in a ram extruder by a suitable tool to the desired shapes and cut to the desired length of the molding.
- the resulting shaped articles - in this case pellets with a length of 6 mm, a diameter of 6 mm - are dried for 24 hours at a temperature of 85 0 C.
- the carrier is sintered at 1000 0 C.
- the moldings according to the invention have a surface area (BET surface area) of 203 m 2 / g and a pore volume of 0.76 ml / g.
- the mechanical strength of the pellets is 33 N / mm 2 .
- the corresponding purity values are given in Table 1.
- the mass is extruded in a ram extruder by a suitable tool to the desired shapes and cut to the desired length of the molding.
- the resulting shaped articles - in this case pellets with a length of 6 mm, a diameter of 6 mm - are dried for 24 hours at a temperature of 85 0 C.
- the carrier is sintered at 1000 0 C.
- the moldings of the invention have a surface area (BET surface area) of 203 m 2 / g and a
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (10)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2009540722A JP5570813B2 (ja) | 2006-12-13 | 2007-12-06 | 金属酸化物からなる安定した結合剤不含の高純度の成形体の製造法および該成形体の使用 |
US12/518,518 US20100029473A1 (en) | 2006-12-13 | 2007-12-06 | Method for the production of stable binder-free high-purity moldings composed of metal oxides and their use |
DK07847871.6T DK2102131T3 (da) | 2006-12-13 | 2007-12-06 | Fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af stabile binder-frie højrene formlegemer af metaloxider og deres anvendelse |
CN2007800460817A CN101558022B (zh) | 2006-12-13 | 2007-12-06 | 用于生产由金属氧化物制成的稳定的无粘合剂的高纯模制品的方法及其用途 |
BRPI0720454-0A2A BRPI0720454A2 (pt) | 2006-12-13 | 2007-12-06 | Método para a fabricação de corpos moldados de elevada pureza, estáveis e livres de ligantes, feitos de óxidos metálicos, especialmente óxidos metálicos pirogênicos, e seu uso |
DE502007006807T DE502007006807D1 (de) | 2006-12-13 | 2007-12-06 | Verfahren zur herstellung von stabilen binder-freien hochreinen formkörpern aus metalloxiden und deren anwendung |
EP07847871A EP2102131B1 (de) | 2006-12-13 | 2007-12-06 | Verfahren zur herstellung von stabilen binder-freien hochreinen formkörpern aus metalloxiden und deren anwendung |
AT07847871T ATE502908T1 (de) | 2006-12-13 | 2007-12-06 | Verfahren zur herstellung von stabilen binder- freien hochreinen formkörpern aus metalloxiden und deren anwendung |
US13/113,363 US8518850B2 (en) | 2006-12-13 | 2011-05-23 | Method for the production of stable binder-free high-purity mouldings composed of metal oxides and their use |
US13/868,298 US9199230B2 (en) | 2006-12-13 | 2013-04-23 | Method for the production of stable binder-free high-purity moldings composed of metal oxides and their use |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102006058799A DE102006058799A1 (de) | 2006-12-13 | 2006-12-13 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von stabilen Binder-freien hochreinen Formkörpern aus Metalloxiden und deren Anwendung |
DE102006058799.5 | 2006-12-13 |
Related Child Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US12/518,518 A-371-Of-International US20100029473A1 (en) | 2006-12-13 | 2007-12-06 | Method for the production of stable binder-free high-purity moldings composed of metal oxides and their use |
US13/113,363 Division US8518850B2 (en) | 2006-12-13 | 2011-05-23 | Method for the production of stable binder-free high-purity mouldings composed of metal oxides and their use |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2008071612A1 true WO2008071612A1 (de) | 2008-06-19 |
Family
ID=39186135
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PCT/EP2007/063383 WO2008071612A1 (de) | 2006-12-13 | 2007-12-06 | Verfahren zur herstellung von stabilen binder-freien hochreinen formkörpern aus metalloxiden und deren anwendung |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
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US (3) | US20100029473A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2102131B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP5570813B2 (de) |
CN (1) | CN101558022B (de) |
AT (1) | ATE502908T1 (de) |
BR (1) | BRPI0720454A2 (de) |
DE (2) | DE102006058799A1 (de) |
DK (1) | DK2102131T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2008071612A1 (de) |
ZA (1) | ZA200903439B (de) |
Cited By (7)
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DE102008054760A1 (de) | 2008-12-16 | 2010-06-17 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Heterogener Katalysator für die Fischer-Tropsch-Synthese und ein Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
DE102011083079A1 (de) | 2011-09-20 | 2013-03-21 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Vanadium-Antimon-Mischoxid Katalysator seine Herstellung und Verfahren zur Partialoxidation von Alkoholen zu Aldehyden |
DE102011083528A1 (de) | 2011-09-27 | 2013-03-28 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Zuckeralkoholen durch katalytische Hydrierung von Zuckern an einem Ru/SiO2-Katalysator |
DE102012202622A1 (de) | 2012-02-21 | 2013-08-22 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Katalysator zur Carbonylierung carbonylierbarer Verbindungen in der Gasphase |
DE102012202621A1 (de) | 2012-02-21 | 2013-08-22 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Verfahren zur Befüllung eines Reaktors mit einem Katalysator |
DE102014204628A1 (de) | 2014-03-13 | 2015-09-17 | Technische Universität Darmstadt | Vanadium-Antimon-Mischoxid Katalysator seine Herstellung und Verfahren zur Partialoxidation von Alkoholen zu Aldehyden |
WO2016075201A1 (de) | 2014-11-14 | 2016-05-19 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Katalysator-formkörper für die herstellung von vinylacetat |
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DE102007049743A1 (de) * | 2007-10-16 | 2009-04-23 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Silicium-Titan-Mischoxidpulver, Dispersion hiervon und daraus hergestellter titanhaltiger Zeolith |
JP2014055072A (ja) * | 2012-09-11 | 2014-03-27 | Nippon Aerosil Co Ltd | 非晶質酸化珪素焼結体の製造方法及びこの方法により製造された非晶質酸化珪素焼結体 |
JP6231326B2 (ja) * | 2013-08-13 | 2017-11-15 | 東ソー株式会社 | シリカ固化体の製造方法およびシリカ固化体 |
JP6249674B2 (ja) * | 2013-08-13 | 2017-12-20 | 東ソー株式会社 | シリカ粉末の固化方法および高純度シリカ固化体 |
CN105960386B (zh) * | 2013-11-27 | 2021-08-03 | 康宁股份有限公司 | 用于改善的基材制造的组合物 |
DE102014203877A1 (de) * | 2014-03-04 | 2015-09-10 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Katalysator für die Fischer-Tropsch-Synthese und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
JP6904038B2 (ja) * | 2017-04-24 | 2021-07-14 | ブリヂストンスポーツ株式会社 | マルチピースソリッドゴルフボール |
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-
2006
- 2006-12-13 DE DE102006058799A patent/DE102006058799A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2007
- 2007-12-06 CN CN2007800460817A patent/CN101558022B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-12-06 DK DK07847871.6T patent/DK2102131T3/da active
- 2007-12-06 US US12/518,518 patent/US20100029473A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-12-06 WO PCT/EP2007/063383 patent/WO2008071612A1/de active Application Filing
- 2007-12-06 DE DE502007006807T patent/DE502007006807D1/de active Active
- 2007-12-06 JP JP2009540722A patent/JP5570813B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-12-06 BR BRPI0720454-0A2A patent/BRPI0720454A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-12-06 AT AT07847871T patent/ATE502908T1/de active
- 2007-12-06 EP EP07847871A patent/EP2102131B1/de not_active Revoked
-
2009
- 2009-05-19 ZA ZA200903439A patent/ZA200903439B/xx unknown
-
2011
- 2011-05-23 US US13/113,363 patent/US8518850B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2013
- 2013-04-23 US US13/868,298 patent/US9199230B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Cited By (11)
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DE102008054760A1 (de) | 2008-12-16 | 2010-06-17 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Heterogener Katalysator für die Fischer-Tropsch-Synthese und ein Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
DE102011083079A1 (de) | 2011-09-20 | 2013-03-21 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Vanadium-Antimon-Mischoxid Katalysator seine Herstellung und Verfahren zur Partialoxidation von Alkoholen zu Aldehyden |
WO2013041501A1 (de) | 2011-09-20 | 2013-03-28 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Vanadium-antimon-mischoxid-katalysator, seine herstellung und verfahren zur partialoxidation von alkoholen zu aldehyden |
DE102011083528A1 (de) | 2011-09-27 | 2013-03-28 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Zuckeralkoholen durch katalytische Hydrierung von Zuckern an einem Ru/SiO2-Katalysator |
WO2013045318A1 (de) | 2011-09-27 | 2013-04-04 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von zuckeralkoholen durch katalytische hydrierung von zuckern an einem ru/sio2-katalysator |
DE102012202622A1 (de) | 2012-02-21 | 2013-08-22 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Katalysator zur Carbonylierung carbonylierbarer Verbindungen in der Gasphase |
DE102012202621A1 (de) | 2012-02-21 | 2013-08-22 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Verfahren zur Befüllung eines Reaktors mit einem Katalysator |
WO2013124174A1 (de) | 2012-02-21 | 2013-08-29 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Katalysator zur carbonylierung carbonylierbarer verbindungen in der gasphase |
WO2013124175A1 (de) | 2012-02-21 | 2013-08-29 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Verfahren zur befüllung eines reaktors mit einem katalysator |
DE102014204628A1 (de) | 2014-03-13 | 2015-09-17 | Technische Universität Darmstadt | Vanadium-Antimon-Mischoxid Katalysator seine Herstellung und Verfahren zur Partialoxidation von Alkoholen zu Aldehyden |
WO2016075201A1 (de) | 2014-11-14 | 2016-05-19 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Katalysator-formkörper für die herstellung von vinylacetat |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US8518850B2 (en) | 2013-08-27 |
EP2102131A1 (de) | 2009-09-23 |
US20130237413A1 (en) | 2013-09-12 |
US20110224072A1 (en) | 2011-09-15 |
CN101558022B (zh) | 2013-07-10 |
BRPI0720454A2 (pt) | 2014-01-14 |
ATE502908T1 (de) | 2011-04-15 |
JP2010513178A (ja) | 2010-04-30 |
JP5570813B2 (ja) | 2014-08-13 |
ZA200903439B (en) | 2010-04-28 |
CN101558022A (zh) | 2009-10-14 |
US9199230B2 (en) | 2015-12-01 |
EP2102131B1 (de) | 2011-03-23 |
DK2102131T3 (da) | 2011-06-14 |
DE502007006807D1 (de) | 2011-05-05 |
DE102006058799A1 (de) | 2008-06-19 |
US20100029473A1 (en) | 2010-02-04 |
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