WO2008066048A1 - Membrane électrolytique polymère solide pour pile à combustible à électrolyte polymère et ensemble membrane-électrode - Google Patents
Membrane électrolytique polymère solide pour pile à combustible à électrolyte polymère et ensemble membrane-électrode Download PDFInfo
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- WO2008066048A1 WO2008066048A1 PCT/JP2007/072867 JP2007072867W WO2008066048A1 WO 2008066048 A1 WO2008066048 A1 WO 2008066048A1 JP 2007072867 W JP2007072867 W JP 2007072867W WO 2008066048 A1 WO2008066048 A1 WO 2008066048A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/12—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances organic substances
- H01B1/122—Ionic conductors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
- C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
- C08J5/2206—Films, membranes or diaphragms based on organic and/or inorganic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2218—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2231—Synthetic macromolecular compounds based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
- C08J5/2237—Synthetic macromolecular compounds based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds containing fluorine
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1023—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having only carbon, e.g. polyarylenes, polystyrenes or polybutadiene-styrenes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1039—Polymeric electrolyte materials halogenated, e.g. sulfonated polyvinylidene fluorides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1069—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes
- H01M8/1083—Starting from polymer melts other than monomer melts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1069—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes
- H01M8/1086—After-treatment of the membrane other than by polymerisation
- H01M8/1088—Chemical modification, e.g. sulfonation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2327/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2327/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08J2327/12—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1009—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
- H01M8/1011—Direct alcohol fuel cells [DAFC], e.g. direct methanol fuel cells [DMFC]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a solid polymer electrolyte membrane for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell and a membrane electrode assembly.
- a polymer electrolyte fuel cell is, for example, formed by sandwiching a membrane electrode assembly between two separators and stacking a plurality of cells.
- the membrane electrode assembly includes an anode having a catalyst layer and a force sword, and a solid polymer electrolyte membrane disposed between the anode and the force sword.
- a fluorine-containing polymer such as a perfluorocarbon polymer having a sulfonic acid group is usually used.
- the fluorine-containing polymer is required to exhibit high proton conductivity.
- ionic groups such as sulfonic acid groups may be increased.
- the fluorine-containing polymer with increased ionic groups absorbs water in a wet state and swells.
- the fluorine-containing polymer since the wet state and the dry state are repeated, when the fluorine-containing polymer is repeatedly swollen in the wet state and contracted in the dry state, the fluorine-containing polymer is The contained polymer electrolyte membrane may crack and be damaged.
- electrolyte membranes have been proposed as solid polymer electrolyte membranes that are not easily damaged even if they are repeatedly swollen in a wet state and contracted in a dry state.
- a fluorine-containing polymer with increased ionic groups has a tensile strain (elongation) of more than 15% up to the yield point and a glass transition temperature of 130 ° C or higher. Therefore, as materials having a tensile strain to the yield point of 15% or more and a glass transition temperature of 130 ° C or more, the polyaratelate, polyetherketone, polyetheretherketone and the like described in Patent Document 1 can be used. Limited to specific non-fluorinated polymers. [0006] However, the non-fluorine polymer has low chemical durability compared to the fluorine-containing polymer, and is not suitable for a solid polymer electrolyte membrane of a solid polymer fuel cell.
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-2005-302592
- the present invention relates to a solid polymer electrolyte membrane for a solid molecular fuel cell that does not easily break even when it is repeatedly swollen in a wet state and contracted in a dry state, even though it contains a fluorine-containing polymer.
- a membrane electrode assembly that is excellent in durability and chemical durability against repetition of a state and a dry state.
- the solid polymer electrolyte membrane for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell of the present invention contains a fluorine-containing polymer and has a tensile yield stress of 5.5 MPa or less determined by the following procedures (i) to (ii). It is characterized by that.
- the solid polymer electrolyte membrane for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell of the present invention preferably has a tensile strength of 20 MPa or more determined by the following procedure (iii).
- the tensile strength of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane is determined from the tensile stress-strain curve obtained in the procedure (i) by the evaluation method described in JIS K 7161-1994.
- the ratio of the tensile strength to the tensile yield stress is preferably 4.5 or more.
- the tensile yield stress is preferably 4. OMPa or less.
- the solid polymer electrolyte membrane for polymer electrolyte fuel cells of the present invention preferably has a proton conductivity of at least 0.06 S / cm in an atmosphere at a temperature of 80 ° C. and a relative humidity of 50%.
- the fluorine-containing polymer has a weight per ionic group (Equivalent Weight). It is preferred to have repeating units based on butyl ether monomers that have a force of 00 or less.
- the fluoropolymer preferably has a repeating unit based on tetrafluoroethylene.
- the fluoropolymer is preferably a perfluoropolymer.
- the membrane / electrode assembly for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell of the present invention is a polymer electrolyte membrane force for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell of the present invention, which is disposed between an anode and a force sword.
- the solid polymer electrolyte membrane for a solid molecular fuel cell of the present invention contains a fluorine-containing polymer, it is difficult to break even if it repeatedly swells in a wet state and shrinks in a dry state.
- the membrane electrode assembly for a solid molecular fuel cell according to the present invention is excellent in durability against chemical repetition and wet and dry conditions.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a membrane electrode assembly of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing an example of a tensile stress-strain curve obtained for a solid polymer electrolyte membrane.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged graph of a part of FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the membrane electrode assembly of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing a tensile stress-strain curve obtained for the solid polymer electrolyte membrane of the example.
- FIG. 6 is an enlarged graph of a part of FIG.
- a group represented by the formula ( ⁇ 1) is referred to as a group).
- groups represented by other formulas are referred to as a group.
- a compound represented by the formula (1) is referred to as a compound (1).
- FIG. 1 shows a membrane / electrode assembly for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (hereinafter referred to as a membrane electrode) comprising the polymer electrolyte membrane for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to the present invention (hereinafter referred to as a polymer electrolyte membrane).
- the membrane electrode assembly 10 includes an anode 13 having a catalyst layer 11 and a gas diffusion layer 12, a force sword 14 having the catalyst layer 11 and the gas diffusion layer 12, and a catalyst 13 between the anode 13 and the force sword 14.
- a solid polymer electrolyte membrane 15 disposed in contact with the layer 11.
- the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 15 is a membrane made of a proton conductive polymer.
- the tensile yield stress of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 15 is 5.5 MPa or less, preferably 4. OMPa or less.
- the tensile yield stress is 5.5 MPa or less, the film is not easily damaged even if the swelling in the wet state and the shrinkage in the dry state are repeated, even though the fluorine-containing polymer is contained.
- the tensile yield stress of the polymer electrolyte membrane 15 is, the smaller the in-plane stress generated during swelling and shrinkage is, the more advantageous force, and the lower the plastic yield due to the assembly pressure applied when the fuel cell is assembled, May occur and may cause problems. In addition, handling is also reduced. From the above viewpoint, the tensile yield stress is preferably 0.4 MPa or more, and more preferably 1. OMPa or more.
- the tensile yield stress of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 15 is determined by the following procedures (i) to (ii).
- the tensile stress ⁇ at the yield point y is defined as the tensile yield stress ⁇ .
- a polymer electrolyte membrane composed of a part of the fluorine-containing polymer is between the curve c and the curve d in FIG. 1 described in JIS K 7161-1994 as shown in FIG.
- the yield point y is determined by the method corresponding to curve c in Fig. 1 described in JIS K 7161-1994.
- the tensile strength of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 15 is preferably 20 MPa or more, more preferably 30 MPa or more.
- the tensile strength is 20 MPa or more, it has sufficient strength against in-plane stress generated during swelling and expansion / contraction, and has high durability. The higher the tensile strength, the better.
- the tensile strength of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 15 is determined by the following procedure (iii).
- the tensile stress ⁇ at the breaking point B is defined as the tensile breaking stress ⁇ .
- the greater of tensile rupture stress ⁇ and tensile yield stress ⁇ is the tensile strength ⁇
- the ratio of tensile strength to tensile yield stress is preferably 3.6 or more, more preferably 4.0 or more, and particularly preferably 4.5 or more. If the ratio is 3.6 or more, it means that the bow I tension strength is sufficient against the stress generated in the surface during expansion and contraction, and it is a highly durable electrolyte membrane. Conceivable.
- the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 15 includes a fluorine-containing polymer as a proton conductive polymer from the viewpoint of being excellent in chemical durability and ensuring stable performance over the long term.
- the proportion of the fluorine-containing monomer is preferably 100% by mass in the proton conductive polymer (100% by mass).
- a polymer having a repeating unit based on a butyl ether monomer having a mass per ionic group [g] (Equivalent Weight 0 or less, referred to as EW) is 400 or less. Is preferred. The conductivity of the polymer depends on the concentration of ionic groups in the polymer. If the EW of the butyl ether type monomer is 400 or less, a polymer containing a repeating unit based on the monomer and a repeating unit based on another hydrophobic monomer is sufficient even if the number of units based on the hydrophobic monomer is not reduced. It is possible to obtain a high ionic group concentration.
- the polymer has a high electrical conductivity and a sufficiently high mechanical strength.
- the EW of the butyl ether type monomer is more preferably 230 330 force S.
- the ionic group include a sulfonic acid group, a sulfonimide group, and a sulfonemethide group.
- the repeating unit based on the butyl ether monomer is preferably a repeating unit having a group ( ⁇ ).
- a fluorine-containing polymer having a repeating unit having a group ( ⁇ 1) Is denoted as polymer Q.
- Q 1 has an etheric oxygen atom! /, May! /, A perfluoroalkylene group
- Q 2 has a single bond or an etheric oxygen atom
- R fl may be a perfluoroalkyl group optionally having an etheric oxygen atom
- X is an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom or a carbon atom
- a is When X is an oxygen atom, it is 0.
- X is a nitrogen atom, it is 1.
- Y is a fluorine atom or a monovalent perfluoro organic group.
- the number of oxygen atoms may be one, or two or more. Further, the oxygen atom may be inserted between carbon atom bonds of carbon atoms or carbon atom bonds of the perfluoroalkylene group.
- the perfluoroalkylene group is preferably linear, whether linear or branched.
- the number of carbon atoms in the perfluoronolealkylene group is preferably 1-6; more preferably! -4. If the number of carbon atoms is too large, the boiling point of the fluorine-containing monomer increases, and distillation purification becomes difficult. On the other hand, if the number of carbon atoms is too large, the ion exchange capacity of the polymer Q is lowered and the proton conductivity is lowered.
- Q 2 is preferably a perfluoroalkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have an etheric oxygen atom. If Q 2 has an etheric oxygen atom! /, May! /, And if it is a perfluoroalkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, it will last longer than when Q 2 is a single bond. Excellent stability of power generation performance when operating a polymer electrolyte fuel cell
- At least one of QQ 2 is preferably a C 1-6 perfluoroalkylene group having an etheric oxygen atom. Carbon number with an etheric oxygen atom 1 Since the fluorine-containing monomer having 6 to 6 perfluoroalkylene groups can be synthesized without undergoing a fluorination reaction with fluorine gas, the yield is good and the production is easy.
- the perfluoroalkyl group of R fl is preferably a straight chain or a straight chain.
- the carbon number of R fl is preferably 1-6; more preferably! -4.
- the R f l, par full O b methyl, perfluoro full O Roe methyl group and the like are preferable.
- the two R fl may be the same group or different groups.
- Y is preferably a fluorine atom or a linear perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have an etheric oxygen atom.
- the polymer Q is preferably a perfluoropolymer from the viewpoint of chemical durability.
- the polymer Q may further have repeating units based on other monomers described later.
- the repeating units based on other monomers from the viewpoint of chemical durability of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 15, a repeating unit based on tetrafluoroethylene is preferred, which is preferably a repeating unit based on a perfluoromonomer.
- the repeating unit based on another monomer the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 15 is not easily damaged even if it repeats swelling in a wet state and shrinking in a dry state. Units are preferred.
- Polymer Q can be produced, for example, through the following steps.
- a monomer having a group (/ 3) (hereinafter referred to as a compound (ml)) and, if necessary, other monomers are polymerized, and a precursor polymer having a SO F group (hereinafter referred to as a polymer P). )
- Compound (ml) can be obtained, for example, by the synthesis example shown in Example 1 described later.
- Other monomers include, for example, tetrafluoroethylene, black trifluoroethylene, vinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropylene, trifluoroethylene, butyl fluoride, ethylene, compounds (nl ) To ( n 3).
- R f2 is a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms which may contain one or more etheric oxygen atoms
- R f3 is a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the other monomer is more preferably tetrafluoroethylene, which is preferably a perfluoromonomer.
- a repeating unit based on the compound (nl) is preferable because the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 15 is not easily damaged even if it is repeatedly swollen in a wet state and contracted in a dry state.
- Examples of the polymerization method include known polymerization methods such as the Barta polymerization method, the solution polymerization method, the suspension polymerization method, and the emulsion polymerization method.
- Polymerization is performed under conditions where radicals occur.
- examples of the method for generating radicals include a method of irradiating radiation such as ultraviolet rays, X-rays, and electron beams, and a method of adding an initiator.
- the polymerization temperature is usually 20 to 150 ° C.
- Initiators include bis (fluoroacyl) baroxides, bis (chlorofluoroacyl) baroxides, dialkyl peroxydicarbonates, disilveroxides
- Perfluoroesters such as bis (fluoroacyl) peroxides are preferred from the viewpoint of obtaining a precursor polymer P with few unstable terminal groups, such as peroxyesters, azo compounds and persulfates. ,.
- Solvents used in the solution polymerization method include polyfluorotrialkylamine compounds, perfluoroalkanes, hydrated fluoroalkanes, chlorofluoroalkanes, fluororefin having no double bond at the molecular chain ends, and polyfluorinated polyfluorine.
- Examples include rocycloalkanes, polyfluoro cyclic ether compounds, hydrofluoroethers, fluorine-containing low molecular weight polyethers, and t-butanol.
- the fluorine gas may be used after being diluted with an inert gas such as nitrogen, helium or carbon dioxide, or may be used as it is without being diluted.
- an inert gas such as nitrogen, helium or carbon dioxide
- the temperature at which the polymer P and the fluorine gas are brought into contact with each other is preferably room temperature to 300 ° C, more preferably 50 to 250 ° C, more preferably 100 to 220 ° C, and particularly preferably 150 to 200 ° C. preferable
- the contact time between polymer P and fluorine gas is preferably 1 minute to 1 week; more preferably! To 50 hours.
- step (III 1) when converting a SO F group to a sulfonic acid group, the step (III 1) is performed and S
- the step (III 2) is performed.
- Step of converting to acid form and converting to sulfonic acid group Step of converting to acid form and converting to sulfonic acid group.
- the hydrolysis is performed, for example, by bringing polymer P and a basic compound into contact in a solvent.
- the basic compound include sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide.
- the solvent include water, a mixed solvent of water and a polar solvent, and the like.
- polar solvents include alcohols (methanol, ethanol, etc.), dimethyl sulfoxide, and the like.
- the acidification is performed by, for example, polymer P having hydrolyzed SO F groups and water such as hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid.
- Hydrolysis and acidification are usually carried out at 0 to 120 ° C.
- sulfonimidation examples include known methods such as the method described in US Pat. No. 5,463,005, the method described in Inorg. Chem. 32 (23), page 5007 (1993), and the like.
- the catalyst layer 11 is a layer containing a catalyst and a proton conductive polymer.
- Examples of the catalyst include a supported catalyst in which platinum or a platinum alloy is supported on a carbon support.
- a supported catalyst in which a platinum-cobalt alloy is supported on a carbon support is preferred from the viewpoint of durability!
- Examples of the carbon carrier include carbon black powder. From the viewpoint of durability, a carbon black powder graphitized by heat treatment or the like is preferable.
- Examples of the proton conductive polymer include polymer Q and other proton conductive polymers other than the polymer Q.
- Examples of other proton conductive polymers include other fluorine-containing polymers other than polymer Q, hydrocarbon polymers, and the like. From the viewpoint of durability, other fluorine-containing polymers are preferable.
- a copolymer containing a repeating unit based on tetrafluoroethylene and a repeating unit having a fluorine-containing structure having a sulfonic acid group is particularly preferred.
- the compound (1) is preferable.
- X 1 is a fluorine atom or a trifluoromethyl group
- m is an integer of 0 to 3
- n is an integer of 1 to 12
- q is 0 or 1.
- Hydrocarbon polymers include sulfonated polyarylene, sulfonated polybenzoxazole, sulfonated polybenzothiazole, sulfonated polybenzoimidazole, sulfonated polysulfone, sulfonated polyethersulfone, and sulfonated polyether ether.
- the catalyst layer 11 may contain a water repellent agent from the viewpoint of increasing the effect of suppressing flooding.
- Water repellent agents include copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene, copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoroalkyl butyl ether, polytetrafluoroethylene Etc.
- a fluorine-containing polymer that can be dissolved in a solvent is preferable because the catalyst layer 11 can be easily subjected to a water repellent treatment.
- the ratio of the water repellent agent is preferably 0.0;! To 30% by mass in the catalyst layer 11 (100% by mass).
- Examples of the gas diffusion layer 12 include carbon paper, carbon cloth, and carbon felt.
- the gas diffusion layer 12 is preferably water repellent treated with polytetrafluoroethylene or the like.
- the membrane electrode assembly 10 may have a carbon layer 16 between the catalyst layer 11 and the gas diffusion layer 12 as shown in FIG. By disposing the carbon layer 16, the gas diffusibility on the surface of the catalyst layer 11 is improved, and the power generation performance of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell is greatly improved.
- the carbon layer 16 is a layer containing carbon and a nonionic fluoropolymer.
- the carbon is preferably a carbon nanofiber having a fiber diameter of 1 to 1000 nm and a fiber length of 1000 ⁇ m or less.
- the nonionic fluorine-containing polymer include polytetrafluoroethylene.
- the membrane electrode assembly 10 is manufactured, for example, by the following method.
- (a-1) A method in which a catalyst layer 11 is formed on a solid polymer electrolyte membrane 15 to form a membrane catalyst layer assembly, and the membrane catalyst layer assembly is sandwiched between gas diffusion layers 12.
- the membrane / electrode assembly 10 has the carbon layer 16
- the membrane / electrode assembly 10 is produced, for example, by the following method.
- a dispersion liquid containing carbon and a nonionic fluorine-containing polymer is applied on a base film and dried to form a carbon layer 16, and a catalyst layer 11 is formed on the carbon layer 16.
- (b-2) A dispersion liquid containing carbon and a nonionic fluorine-containing polymer is applied on the gas diffusion layer 12 and dried to form a carbon layer 16, and the membrane catalyst layer in the method (a-1) A method in which a joined body is sandwiched between gas diffusion layers 12 each having a carbon layer 16.
- the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 15 is produced by the following method.
- Examples of the molding method include a casting method.
- Examples of the method for forming the catalyst layer 11 include the following methods.
- the catalyst layer forming liquid is a liquid in which a proton conductive polymer and a catalyst are dispersed in a dispersion medium. It is.
- the catalyst layer forming liquid can be prepared, for example, by mixing a liquid composition described later and a catalyst dispersion.
- the viscosity of the catalyst layer forming liquid varies depending on the method of forming the catalyst layer 11, it may be a dispersion liquid of about several tens of cP or a paste of about 20000 cP.
- the catalyst layer forming liquid may contain a thickener in order to adjust the viscosity.
- a thickening agent examples include ethyl cellulose, methylcellulose, cellosolve thickener, and fluorine-based solvents (pentafluoropropanol, chlorofluorocarbon, etc.).
- the liquid composition is a dispersion in which a proton conductive polymer is dispersed in a dispersion medium containing an organic solvent having a hydroxyl group and water.
- organic solvent having a hydroxyl group an organic solvent having a main chain carbon number of !! to 4 is preferable.
- examples thereof include methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, tert-butanol, and n-butanol.
- the organic solvent having a hydroxyl group one kind may be used alone, or two or more kinds may be mixed and used.
- the proportion of water is preferably 40 to 99 mass%, more preferably 10 to 99 mass% of the dispersion medium (100 mass%). Increasing the proportion of water can improve the dispersibility of the proton conductive polymer in the dispersion medium.
- the proportion of the organic solvent having a hydroxyl group is preferably from! To 90% by mass, more preferably from! To 60% by mass in the dispersion medium (100% by mass).
- the dispersion medium may contain a fluorine-containing solvent.
- fluorinated solvent include hydronorenocarbon, fluorenocarbon carbon, hydrotarolonoleorocarbon, fluoreophore ether, and fluorinated alcohol.
- the proportion of the proton conductive polymer is preferably from 3 to 30% by mass, preferably from! To 50% by mass in the liquid composition (100% by mass).
- the membrane electrode assembly of the present invention is used for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell.
- a polymer electrolyte fuel cell is manufactured, for example, by forming a cell by sandwiching a membrane electrode assembly between two separators and stacking a plurality of cells.
- fuel gas or oxygen-containing oxidant gas air, oxygen, etc.
- fuel gas or oxygen-containing oxidant gas air, oxygen, etc.
- examples thereof include a conductive carbon plate in which a groove serving as a path is formed.
- solid polymer fuel cells examples include hydrogen / oxygen fuel cells and direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC).
- the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 15 described above has a tensile yield stress of 5.5 MPa or less, the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 15 exhibits swelling in a wet state and shrinkage in a dry state despite containing a fluoropolymer. It is hard to break even if repeated. The reason is as follows.
- the solid polymer electrolyte membrane described in Patent Document 1 prevents the tensile strain (elongation) from exceeding the yield point (ie, increases the tensile strain up to the yield point) even when it swells in a wet state. To prevent damage.
- a solid polymer electrolyte membrane containing a fluorine-containing polymer has a small tensile strain up to the yield point, and therefore is easily damaged when it is repeatedly swollen in a wet state and contracted in a dry state.
- the membrane electrode assembly 10 described above includes a fluorine-containing polymer as a solid polymer electrolyte membrane, the membrane electrode assembly 10 is damaged even if it repeats swelling in a wet state and shrinkage in a dry state. Since it has a solid polymer electrolyte membrane 15 that is difficult to resist, it has excellent durability against chemical cycles and repeated wet and dry conditions.
- Examples 1-7 are synthesis examples, examples 8-10, 12-; 14 are examples, and examples 11, 15 are comparative examples.
- the ion exchange capacity (AR) of polymer Q (unit: milliequivalent / g dry resin) is determined by the following method. I asked.
- the TQ value (unit: C) is an index of the molecular weight of polymer P, and uses a nozzle with a length of 1 mm and an inner diameter of 1 mm. 2. Extrusion when polymer is melt-extruded under an extrusion pressure of 94 MPa The temperature is 100mm 3 / sec.
- the molar ratio of the repeating units constituting the polymer P was determined by melting 19 F-NMR.
- the proton conductivity of polymer Q was determined by the following method.
- a substrate with 4-terminal electrodes arranged at 5 mm intervals is adhered to a 5 mm wide polymer Q film, and AC is used under constant temperature and humidity conditions at a temperature of 80 ° C and a relative humidity of 50% by the known 4-terminal method. Measure the resistance of the film at a voltage of 10kHz IV, and calculate proton conductivity from the result.
- the softening temperature and glass transition temperature of polymer Q were determined by the following methods. Using a dynamic viscoelasticity measuring device (DVA200, manufactured by IT Measurement Co., Ltd.), polymer Q film under the conditions of sample width 0.5cm, grip length 2cm, measurement frequency 1 ⁇ ⁇ , heating rate 2 ° C / min The dynamic viscoelasticity was measured, and the value at which the storage elastic modulus was half that at 50 ° C was taken as the softening temperature. The glass transition temperature (Tg) was determined from the peak value of tan ⁇ .
- DVA200 dynamic viscoelasticity measuring device
- the tensile strain up to the yield point of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane was determined as follows.
- the yield stress y in the tensile stress strain curve is determined by fitting the obtained tensile stress strain curve to the closest of the four tensile stress-strain curves shown in Fig. 1 described in JIS K 7161-1994. did.
- the tensile strain ⁇ at the yield point y was defined as the tensile strain ⁇ up to the yield point.
- a carbon plate (groove width lmm, land portion lmm) in which narrow grooves for gas passages were cut into a zigzag shape was prepared.
- a separator was placed on both sides of the membrane electrode assembly, and a heater was placed on the outside of the separator to assemble a polymer electrolyte fuel cell having an effective membrane area of 25 cm 2 .
- the temperature of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell was maintained at 80 ° C, and air was supplied to the force sword and hydrogen was supplied to the anode at 0.15 MPa. Each gas was supplied to each electrode while being humidified to a relative humidity of 50% using a humidifier. The cell voltages at current densities of 0. lA / cm 2 and lA / cm 2 were measured, respectively.
- the temperature of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell used to measure the initial cell voltage was kept at 80 ° C, and humidified air with a relative humidity of 150% was passed through both electrodes at 1 SLPM for 2 minutes. Air at 0% humidity was passed at 1 SLPM for 2 minutes. This is one cycle and repeated 100 cycles . Every 100 cycles, a pressure difference was created between both electrodes, and the presence or absence of physical gas leaks was determined. The point of time when the gas leak occurred and the gas crossover speed reached lOsccm or more was judged as the life. The number of cycles at that time was used as an index of durability.
- a compound (ml 1) was synthesized by the synthetic route shown below.
- CF 2 CFOCF 2 — CF
- Potassium fluoride (Morita Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name: Crocat F) 1. lg was placed in a 200 cm 3 stainless steel autoclave. After deaeration, 5.3 g of dimethoxyethane, 5.3 g of acetonitrile and 95.8 g of compound (cl) were placed in an autoclave under reduced pressure. Next, after cooling the autotarb in an ice bath and adding 27.2 g of hexafluoropropenoxide over 27 minutes at an internal temperature of 0-5 ° C, the internal temperature was kept at room temperature while stirring. And stirred overnight. The lower layer was collected with a separatory funnel. The recovered amount was 121.9 g, and the GC purity was 63%.
- a U-shaped tube with a length of 40 cm was prepared.
- One side of the U-shaped tube was filled with glass wool, and the other side was filled with glass beads using a stainless steel sintered metal as an eye plate to prepare a fluidized bed reactor.
- Nitrogen gas was used as the fluidizing gas so that the raw material could be supplied continuously using a metering pump.
- the outlet gas was collected with liquid nitrogen using a trap tube.
- the fluidized bed reactor is placed in a salt bath, and the compound (dl) is added to the fluidized bed reactor so that the molar specific power of compound (dl) / N is maintained while maintaining the reaction temperature at 340 ° C. 34 ⁇ 6g 1 ⁇ 5
- the autoclave (inner volume: 2575 cm 3 , made of stainless steel) was replaced with nitrogen and thoroughly deaerated. Under reduced pressure, compound (ml 1) 945 3g, solvent compound (2-1) 425-7g, compound (nll) 164.3g, and initiator compound (3-1) (manufactured by NOF Corporation) , Parroll I PP) 654.2 mg was added, and the inside of the autoclave was deaerated to the vapor pressure.
- TFE tetrafluoroethylene
- reaction solution was diluted with compound (21), then compound (2-2) was added, the polymer was agglomerated and filtered.
- the autoclave (inner volume: 2575 cm 3 , made of stainless steel) was replaced with nitrogen and thoroughly deaerated. Under reduced pressure, compound (ml 1) 1035 ⁇ Og, solvent compound (2-1) 414 ⁇ 0g, Compound (nl l) 80. lg, methanol 122. lmg, and compound (3-1) 616.5 mg as an initiator were added, and the inside of the autoclave was deaerated to the vapor pressure.
- the autoclave (inner volume: 2575 cm 3 , made of stainless steel) was replaced with nitrogen and thoroughly deaerated. Under reduced pressure, add compound (ml 1) 1127 ⁇ 9g, solvent compound (2-1) 403 ⁇ 5g, and initiator compound (3-1) 535. 8mg. I was degassed.
- Polymer P1 was treated by the following method to obtain a film of acid type polymer Q1. First, the polymer P1 was processed into a film having a thickness of 100 to 200 ⁇ m by pressure press molding at the TQ temperature of the polymer P1.
- the SOF group in the film was hydrolyzed by immersing the film in an aqueous solution containing 30% by mass of dimethyl sulfoxide and 15% by mass of potassium hydroxide at 80 ° C for 16 hours. , Converted to SO K group.
- the film was immersed in a 3 mol / L aqueous hydrochloric acid solution at 50 ° C for 2 hours.
- the hydrochloric acid aqueous solution was changed, and the same treatment was repeated four more times.
- the film was washed thoroughly with ion-exchanged water, and the polymer Q1 fluorinated polymer Q1 in which SO K groups in the film were converted to sulfonic acid groups.
- the softening temperature and glass transition temperature of the polymer Q1 film were measured. The results are shown in Table 2.
- a film of acid type polymer Q2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 5 except that polymer P2 was used instead of polymer P1.
- the softening temperature and glass transition temperature of the polymer Q2 film were measured. The results are shown in Table 2.
- the softening temperature and glass transition temperature of the polymer Q3 film were measured. The results are shown in Table 2.
- the liquid composition was made into a sheet made of a copolymer of ethylene and TFE (Asahi Glass Co., Ltd., trade name: Aflex 100N, thickness 100 m) ( (Hereafter referred to as ETFE sheet.) It was coated with a die coater, dried at 80 ° C for 30 minutes, annealed at 150 ° C for 30 minutes, and a solid polymer electrolyte membrane with a thickness of 25 m. R1 was formed.
- a solid polymer electrolyte membrane R2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 8 except that polymer Q2 was used instead of polymer Q1.
- a solid polymer electrolyte membrane R3 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 8 except that polymer Q3 was used instead of polymer Q1.
- the polymers Q1 to Q3 constituting the solid polymer electrolyte membranes R1 to R3 have a repeating unit having a butyl ether structure having a sulfonic acid group, which is derived from a repeating unit based on the monomer (mi).
- the EW of the butyl ether type monomer is 313.
- the fluorine-containing polymer constituting Nafion NRE211 has a repeating unit based on the compound (11).
- the EW of compound (11) is 446.
- the catalyst layer forming solution is applied to both sides of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane by the die coating method and dried to obtain a thickness of 10 111 and a platinum loading of 0.2 mg.
- a catalyst layer of / cm 2 was formed.
- a membrane electrode assembly was obtained by disposing carbon cloth as a gas diffusion layer on both outer sides of the catalyst layer.
- a membrane / electrode assembly was obtained in the same manner as in Example 12 except that the polymer Q1 used to form the catalyst layer was changed to the polymer Q2 and the solid polymer electrolyte membrane R1 was changed to the solid polymer electrolyte membrane R2. It was.
- a membrane / electrode assembly was obtained in the same manner as in Example 12 except that the polymer Q1 used to form the catalyst layer was changed to the polymer Q3, and the solid polymer electrolyte membrane R1 was changed to the solid polymer electrolyte membrane R3. It was.
- Example 15 A membrane / electrode assembly was obtained in the same manner as in Example 12 except that the solid polymer electrolyte membrane Rl was changed to a commercially available fluoropolymer electrolyte membrane (Nafion NRE211 manufactured by DuPont).
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JP2008546999A JPWO2008066048A1 (ja) | 2006-11-28 | 2007-11-27 | 固体高分子形燃料電池用固体高分子電解質膜および膜電極接合体 |
EP07832592A EP2104168A4 (en) | 2006-11-28 | 2007-11-27 | FESTPOLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANE FOR A POLYMER ELECTROLYTE FUEL CELL AND MEMBRANE ELECTRODE ASSEMBLY |
US12/023,242 US20080138686A1 (en) | 2006-11-28 | 2008-01-31 | Polymer electrolyte membrane for polymer electrolyte fuel cells, and membrane/electrode assembly |
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US12/023,242 Continuation US20080138686A1 (en) | 2006-11-28 | 2008-01-31 | Polymer electrolyte membrane for polymer electrolyte fuel cells, and membrane/electrode assembly |
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PCT/JP2007/072867 WO2008066048A1 (fr) | 2006-11-28 | 2007-11-27 | Membrane électrolytique polymère solide pour pile à combustible à électrolyte polymère et ensemble membrane-électrode |
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US (1) | US20080138686A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2104168A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPWO2008066048A1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20090094215A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101542795A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2008066048A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2008180693A (ja) * | 2006-12-28 | 2008-08-07 | Toyota Motor Corp | 高分子電解質膜の検査方法 |
JP2010138252A (ja) * | 2008-12-10 | 2010-06-24 | Toyota Motor Corp | 高分子電解質膜前駆体および高分子電解質膜の製造方法 |
Families Citing this family (8)
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CN101563802B (zh) * | 2006-12-14 | 2012-07-18 | 旭硝子株式会社 | 固体高分子型燃料电池用固体高分子电解质膜及膜电极接合体 |
WO2008093795A1 (ja) | 2007-01-31 | 2008-08-07 | Asahi Glass Company, Limited | 固体高分子形燃料電池用膜電極接合体、固体高分子形燃料電池およびそれらの製造方法 |
JP2010146965A (ja) * | 2008-12-22 | 2010-07-01 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | 固体高分子形燃料電池用膜電極接合体、固体高分子形燃料電池用触媒層形成用塗工液、および固体高分子形燃料電池用膜電極接合体の製造方法 |
CN105358592B (zh) * | 2013-07-03 | 2017-09-19 | 旭硝子株式会社 | 含氟聚合物的制造方法 |
EP3153534B1 (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2019-07-03 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Ionomer having high oxygen permeability |
KR102517492B1 (ko) * | 2015-07-08 | 2023-04-03 | 에이지씨 가부시키가이샤 | 액상 조성물, 그 제조 방법, 및 막전극 접합체의 제조 방법 |
WO2017033686A1 (ja) | 2015-08-24 | 2017-03-02 | 旭硝子株式会社 | 液状組成物、触媒層形成用塗工液および膜電極接合体の製造方法 |
JP6833164B2 (ja) * | 2016-09-27 | 2021-02-24 | Agc株式会社 | ポリマー、固体高分子電解質膜および膜電極接合体 |
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2007
- 2007-11-27 EP EP07832592A patent/EP2104168A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-11-27 JP JP2008546999A patent/JPWO2008066048A1/ja active Pending
- 2007-11-27 WO PCT/JP2007/072867 patent/WO2008066048A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2007-11-27 CN CNA2007800435618A patent/CN101542795A/zh active Pending
- 2007-11-27 KR KR1020097005559A patent/KR20090094215A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2008
- 2008-01-31 US US12/023,242 patent/US20080138686A1/en not_active Abandoned
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JP2008180693A (ja) * | 2006-12-28 | 2008-08-07 | Toyota Motor Corp | 高分子電解質膜の検査方法 |
JP2010138252A (ja) * | 2008-12-10 | 2010-06-24 | Toyota Motor Corp | 高分子電解質膜前駆体および高分子電解質膜の製造方法 |
Also Published As
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EP2104168A4 (en) | 2009-12-02 |
US20080138686A1 (en) | 2008-06-12 |
JPWO2008066048A1 (ja) | 2010-03-04 |
KR20090094215A (ko) | 2009-09-04 |
EP2104168A1 (en) | 2009-09-23 |
CN101542795A (zh) | 2009-09-23 |
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