WO2008047911A1 - Écran à plasma et procédé de fabrication de celui-ci - Google Patents
Écran à plasma et procédé de fabrication de celui-ci Download PDFInfo
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- WO2008047911A1 WO2008047911A1 PCT/JP2007/070453 JP2007070453W WO2008047911A1 WO 2008047911 A1 WO2008047911 A1 WO 2008047911A1 JP 2007070453 W JP2007070453 W JP 2007070453W WO 2008047911 A1 WO2008047911 A1 WO 2008047911A1
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- mgo
- layer
- display panel
- plasma display
- protective layer
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J11/00—Gas-filled discharge tubes with alternating current induction of the discharge, e.g. alternating current plasma display panels [AC-PDP]; Gas-filled discharge tubes without any main electrode inside the vessel; Gas-filled discharge tubes with at least one main electrode outside the vessel
- H01J11/10—AC-PDPs with at least one main electrode being out of contact with the plasma
- H01J11/12—AC-PDPs with at least one main electrode being out of contact with the plasma with main electrodes provided on both sides of the discharge space
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J11/00—Gas-filled discharge tubes with alternating current induction of the discharge, e.g. alternating current plasma display panels [AC-PDP]; Gas-filled discharge tubes without any main electrode inside the vessel; Gas-filled discharge tubes with at least one main electrode outside the vessel
- H01J11/20—Constructional details
- H01J11/34—Vessels, containers or parts thereof, e.g. substrates
- H01J11/40—Layers for protecting or enhancing the electron emission, e.g. MgO layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J9/02—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a plasma display panel and a method for manufacturing the same, and more particularly to a plasma display panel including a protective layer made of MgO and a method for manufacturing the same.
- PDPs Plasma display panels
- FPDs flat panel displays
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the discharge cell structure, which is a discharge unit in a general AC type surface discharge PDP.
- the PDPlx shown in Fig. 9 is made by bonding the front panel 2 and the back panel 9 together.
- a plurality of display electrode pairs 6 (a pair of scan electrodes 5 and sustain electrodes 4) are arranged on one side of a panel glass 3, and a dielectric layer 7 and a protective layer 8 are formed so as to cover the display electrode pairs 6. They are sequentially stacked.
- the scan electrode 5 (sustain electrode 4) includes a transparent electrode 51 (41) and a bus line 52 (42).
- the dielectric layer 7 is formed of a low melting point glass having a glass softening point in the range of about 550 ° C to 600 ° C, and has a current limiting function peculiar to the AC type PDP.
- the protective layer 8 is made of magnesium oxide (MgO) or the like, and protects the dielectric layer 7 and the display electrode pair 6 from plasma discharge ion collisions, and also efficiently discharges secondary electrons to lower the discharge start voltage. Make.
- the protective layer 8 is formed by a vacuum deposition method (Patent Documents 7 and 8) or a printing method (Patent Document 9).
- the back panel 9 is provided side by side so that a plurality of data (address) electrodes 11 for writing image data on the panel glass 10 intersect the display electrode pair 6 of the front panel 2 in the orthogonal direction.
- a dielectric layer 12 made of low-melting glass is disposed on at least part of the data electrode 11 and the panel glass 10 so as to cover it.
- barrier ribs (ribs) 13 of a predetermined height made of low-melting glass are arranged in a grid pattern or the like so as to partition the discharge space 15.
- Pattern part 12 It is formed by combining 31 and 1232.
- R On the surface of the dielectric layer 12 and the side wall of the partition wall 13, R,
- Phosphor layer 14 (phosphor layers 14R, 1) formed by applying and firing phosphor inks of G and B colors
- the front panel 2 and the back panel 9 are arranged so that the display electrode pair 6 and the data electrode 11 are orthogonal to each other at a predetermined interval, and are internally sealed around each of the display panel 6 and the back panel 9.
- the sealed space is filled with a rare gas such as Xe-Ne or Xe-He as discharge gas at a pressure of about several tens of kPa. This completes PDPlx.
- the discharge characteristics of the PDP greatly depend on the characteristics of the protective layer.
- Research on protective layers aimed at improving the discharge characteristics of PDP is a widely used force
- One of the most important issues is discharge delay.
- discharge delay refers to a phenomenon in which discharge is performed with a delay from the rise of the noise when high-speed driving is performed with a narrow driving noise.
- discharge delay becomes prominent, the probability of the discharge being terminated within the applied pulse width is lowered, and writing or the like cannot be performed on a cell that should originally be lit, resulting in a lighting failure.
- Examples of measures against discharge delay include attempts to improve the discharge characteristics of the protective layer with the dopant by adding elements such as Fe, Cr, V, etc. to MgO or adding Si, A1. (Patent Documents 1, 2, 4, and 5).
- Patent Documents 1, 2, 4, and 5 On the other hand, on the MgO film produced by the thin film method directly on the dielectric layer, a group of particles using MgO single crystal particles produced by the vapor phase oxidation method is arranged as an MgO crystalline particle layer. Therefore, an attempt has been made to improve the discharge characteristics on the surface of the protective layer (Patent Document 3). According to this method, it is said that a certain improvement is achieved with respect to the discharge delay at low temperatures! /.
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-8-236028
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-334809
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2006-054158
- Patent Document 4 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-134407
- Patent Document 5 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-273452
- Patent Document 6 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2006-147417
- Patent Document 7 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 05-234519
- Patent Document 8 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 08-287833
- Patent Document 9 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 07-296718
- Non-Patent Document 1 J. F. Boas, J. Chem. Phys., Vol. 90, No. 2, 807 (1988) Disclosure of the Invention
- the MgO particle group produced by the vapor phase oxidation method has a large variation in particle size as it is, and there are many fine particles around relatively large crystal particles. If such fine particles are mixed, it is difficult to obtain the effect of suppressing the discharge delay, and it may further scatter visible light, which may greatly reduce the visible light panel transmittance required for image display performance. Also occurs. Therefore, a separate classification process is required (Patent Document 6). As the number of processes increases, wasteful MgO material is generated, which is disadvantageous in terms of cost.
- PDP has not practically achieved both “reduction of discharge delay” and “improvement of temperature dependency of discharge delay (especially, discharge delay in a low temperature region)”.
- this problem may become particularly apparent when driving at high speed in a high-definition cell structure such as a full-spec high-definition TV, and an immediate countermeasure is desired.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and a PDP capable of exhibiting excellent image display performance even in a high-definition cell structure by improving discharge characteristics in a protective layer, and a method for producing the same
- the purpose is to provide.
- the present invention provides an electrode, a dielectric layer, and a protective layer sequentially formed on a first substrate, and the first substrate is disposed opposite to the second substrate so that the protective layer faces a discharge space.
- the protective layer has a spectral integration value in a wavelength region of 200 nm or more and less than 300 nm in CL as a and a spectral integration value in a wavelength region of 300 nm or more and less than 550 ⁇ m is b
- the crystal grain layer including MgO crystal grains having a ratio a / b of 1 or more is configured to have at least a portion facing the discharge space. The ratio may be 2.5 or more, 5 or more, or 20 or more.
- the present invention also provides a plasma in which an electrode, a dielectric layer, and a protective layer are sequentially formed on a first substrate, and the first substrate is disposed to face the second substrate so that the protective layer faces a discharge space.
- the protective layer has a ratio d /, where d is a spectral maximum value in a wavelength region of 200 nm to 300 nm in CL, and e is a spectral maximum value in a wavelength region of 300 nm to 550 nm.
- the crystal particle layer containing MgO crystal particles having an e of 2 or more is configured to have at least a portion facing the discharge space.
- the ratio can be 5 or more or 12 or more.
- the protective layer may be configured by laminating the crystal particle layer on an MgO film layer.
- the protective layer may be configured such that the crystal particle layer is disposed so that the MgO crystal particles are partially embedded in the surface of the MgO film layer.
- the protective layer may be configured such that the crystal particle layer is directly formed on the surface of the dielectric layer.
- the area of the crystal grain layer facing the discharge space may be smaller than the total area of the first substrate facing the discharge space.
- the MgO crystal particles can have an average particle size of 300 nm or more and 4 m or less.
- the ratio of the spectral integral value in the short wavelength region to the medium wavelength region is 1 or more in terms of the characteristics of the MgO crystal particles used in the protective layer. It has been experimentally clarified that the discharge delay of PDP and the temperature dependence of the discharge delay are exhibited! This ensures good discharge characteristics of the protective layer (discharge delay and delay In addition, it is expected to improve the temperature dependence of the discharge delay and to realize excellent PDP image display performance as a result.
- the present invention provides the same effect even when the ratio of the spectral maximum value in the short wavelength region is 2 or more compared to the spectral maximum value in the medium wavelength region.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a PDP according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between each electrode and a driver.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a driving waveform of a PDP.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the characteristics of a protective layer in CL measurement.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the discharge delay and the amount of MgO crystal particles.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between the discharge delay and the ratio of each spectral integral value in the short wavelength region and medium wavelength region in CL measurement.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the discharge delay and the ratio of each spectrum maximum value in the short wavelength region and medium wavelength region in CL measurement.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a noriation of the configuration of the protective layer.
- FIG. 9 is a set diagram showing the configuration of a conventional general PDP.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram schematically showing an emission spectrum analysis using a high-sensitivity spectrophotometric measurement system.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view along the xz plane of PDP 1 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the PDP is generally the same as the conventional configuration (Fig. 9) except for the configuration around the protective layer.
- the power of the PDP 1 here is the AC type of the NTSC specification example of the 42-inch class.
- the present invention may of course be applied to other specification examples such as XGA and SXGA.
- a high-definition PDP having a resolution higher than HD for example, the following standard can be exemplified.
- the power can be set to 1024 X 720 (number of pixels), 1024 X 768 (number of pixels), 1366 X 768 (number of pixels) in the same order.
- Panels with higher resolution than the HD panel can be included.
- a panel with a resolution higher than HD can include a full HD panel with 1920 x 1080 (pixel count).
- the configuration of the PDP 1 is roughly divided into a front panel 2 and a back panel 9 that are arranged with their main surfaces facing each other.
- a front panel glass 3 serving as a substrate of the front panel 2 has a pair of display electrodes 6 (scanning electrode 5, sustaining electrode 4) arranged with a predetermined discharge gap (75 in) on one main surface thereof. ) Are formed over a plurality of pairs.
- Each display electrode pair 6 is made of ITO, ZnO, SnO
- thick film refers to a film formed by various thick film methods formed by applying a paste containing a conductive material and baking it.
- Thin film means sputtering method, ion A film formed by various thin film methods using vacuum processes including plating and electron beam evaporation.
- the front panel glass 3 provided with the display electrode pair 6 is mainly composed of lead oxide (PbO), bismuth oxide (Bi 2 O 3), or phosphorus oxide (PO 2) over the entire main surface.
- a dielectric layer 7 of low melting point glass (thickness 35 m) as a 2 3 4 component is formed by a screen printing method or the like.
- the dielectric layer 7 has a current limiting function peculiar to the AC type PDP, and becomes an element that realizes longer life than the DC type PDP! /.
- a protective layer 8 is provided on the surface of the dielectric layer 7.
- the protective layer 8 is characterized by the MgO film layer 81 and the MgO crystal particle layer 82 produced by sputtering, ion plating, vapor deposition, etc. as a feature of the first embodiment.
- it is made of a material excellent in sputtering resistance and secondary electron emission coefficient ⁇ .
- the MgO crystal particle layer 82 is larger than the actual MgO crystal particle group 16 for explanation.
- the protective layer 8 is also required to be optically transparent and highly electrically insulating.
- the back panel glass 10 serving as the substrate of the back panel 9 has an Ag thick film on one main surface thereof.
- A1 thin film (thickness 0 ⁇ 1 ⁇ m to l ⁇ m) or Cr / Cu / Cr laminated thin film (thickness 0 ⁇ l ⁇ ml ⁇ m)
- a plurality of data electrodes 11 are arranged in stripes at regular intervals (360 m) in the y direction with the x direction as the longitudinal direction, and the entire thickness of the back panel glass 9 is included so as to enclose the data electrodes 11.
- a 30 m dielectric layer 12 is coated.
- a grid-like partition wall 13 (height of about 110 111 and width of 40 111) is further arranged in accordance with the gap between the adjacent data electrodes 11, and discharge cells are partitioned. This prevents the occurrence of optical crosstalk by accidental discharge.
- the phosphor layers 14 corresponding to red (R), green (G), and blue (B) for color display are disposed on the side surfaces of the two adjacent barrier ribs 13 and the surface of the dielectric layer 19 therebetween. Is formed. Note that the dielectric layer 12 is not essential, and the data electrode 11 may be directly included in the phosphor layer 14.
- the front panel 2 and the back panel 9 are arranged to face each other so that the longitudinal directions of the data electrode 11 and the display electrode pair 6 are orthogonal to each other, and the outer peripheral edges of the panels 2 and 9 are sealed with glass frit. Has been. Between these panels 2 and 9, a discharge gas composed of inert gas components including He, Xe, Ne, etc. is sealed at a predetermined pressure.
- the space between the barrier ribs 13 is a discharge space 15, and a region force in which a pair of adjacent display electrodes 6 and one data electrode 11 intersect with each other across the discharge space 15 is a cell (“sub-pixel”) that is effective for image display. Also).
- the cell pitch is 675 ⁇ m in the X direction and 300 ⁇ m in the y direction.
- One pixel (675 m ⁇ 900 ⁇ m) is composed of three cells corresponding to each color of adjacent RGB.
- Each of scan electrode 5, sustain electrode 4, and data electrode 11 is connected with scan electrode driver 111, sustain electrode driver 112, and data electrode driver 113 as drive circuits outside the panel as shown in FIG.
- the PDP 1 having the above configuration is configured such that an AC voltage of several tens of kHz to several hundreds of kHz is applied to the gap between the display electrode pairs 6 by a known driving circuit (not shown) including the drivers 111 to 113.
- a discharge is generated in an arbitrary discharge cell, and the phosphor layer 14 is excited by ultraviolet rays from the excited Xe atoms, and is driven to emit visible light.
- the driving method there is a so-called intra-field time division gradation display method.
- the field to be displayed is divided into a plurality of subfields (SF), and each subfield is further divided into a plurality of periods.
- 1 subfield further includes (1) an initialization period in which all display cells are initialized, and (2) each discharge cell is addressed, and a display state corresponding to input data is selected and input to each discharge cell. It is divided into four periods: a data writing period, (3) a sustain discharge period for causing the discharge cells in the display state to emit light, and (4) an erase period for erasing the wall charges formed by the sustain discharge.
- each subfield after initializing (resetting) the wall charge of the entire screen in the initialization period, the address discharge is performed so that the wall charge is accumulated only in the discharge cells to be lit in the address period.
- the discharge display is maintained for a certain period of time by applying an alternating voltage (sustain voltage) to all the discharge cells at once.
- FIG. 3 shows an example of a driving waveform in the m-th subfield in the field.
- the driving waveform of the mth subfield in the field Each field is assigned an initialization period, an address period, a discharge sustain period, and an erase period.
- the initialization period is a period during which wall charges on the entire screen are erased (initialization discharge) in order to prevent influences caused by lighting of previous cells (effects caused by accumulated wall charges).
- a voltage higher than that of the data electrode 11 and the sustain electrode 4 is applied to the scan electrode 5 to discharge the gas in the cell.
- the charges generated thereby are accumulated on the cell wall so as to cancel the potential difference between the data electrode 11, the scan electrode 5 and the sustain electrode 4, so that a negative charge is applied to the surface of the protective layer 8 near the scan electrode 5.
- Positive charges are accumulated as wall charges on the surface of the phosphor layer 14 near the data electrode 11 and the surface of the protective layer 8 near the sustain electrode 4. Due to this wall charge, a potential is formed between the scan electrode 5 and the data electrode 11 and between the scan electrode 5 and the sustain electrode 4 due to the wall charge having a predetermined value.
- the address period is a period in which addressing (setting of lighting / non-lighting) of a cell selected based on the image signal divided into subfields is performed.
- a voltage lower than that of the data electrode 11 and the sustain electrode 4 is applied to the scan electrode 5. That is, a voltage is applied to the scan electrode 5 to the data electrode 11 in the same direction as the potential formed by the wall charge, and at the same time as the potential formed by the wall charge between the scan electrode 5 and the sustain electrode 4.
- Data noise is applied, and write discharge (address discharge) is generated.
- the discharge sustaining period is a period of maintaining the discharge by expanding the lighting state set by the address discharge in order to ensure the luminance according to the gradation.
- a sustain discharge voltage pulse for example, a rectangular wave voltage of about 200 V
- a pulse discharge is generated every time the voltage polarity changes in the discharge cell which is the display cell in which the display state is written.
- the feature of the first embodiment is the configuration of the protective layer 8 in the PDP 1.
- the protective layer 8 in Embodiment 1 is an MgO crystal particle layer 82 composed of an MgO film layer 81 provided on the dielectric layer 7 and an MgO crystal particle group 16 provided on the MgO film layer 81. Composed.
- the thickness of the Mg 2 O film layer 81 is not less than 0.3 ⁇ 1 m and not more than 1 m.
- the MgO film layer 81 has a thin film structure formed by sputtering, ion plating, electron beam evaporation, or the like.
- the MgO film layer 81 serves to stably accumulate a sufficient amount of wall charges when the PDP is driven.
- the MgO crystal particle group 16 is obtained by firing an MgO precursor, and the MgO crystal particles having a relatively uniform particle size distribution with an average particle size of 3001 111 to 4 m are planarly obtained.
- the MgO crystal particle layer 82 is formed by condensing.
- the average particle size of the MgO crystal particles was investigated from the particle size of the particles appearing in the SEM image.
- the MgO crystal particle layer 82 may be provided in the protective layer 8 at least in a portion facing the discharge space. Furthermore, the area force S of the region where the MgO crystal particles are distributed, and the range of 1% or more and 30% or less with respect to the area of the protective layer 8 facing the discharge space (here, the MgO film layer 81) are set. Is desirable. That is, the MgO crystal particle group 16 is preferably formed in the form of an island on the MgO film layer 81 which does not need to be entirely covered with the MgO film layer 81. In other words, the area desired by the crystal grain layer 82 for the discharge space 15 is preferably smaller than the area of the portion of the protective film 8 where the discharge space is desired.
- the MgO film layer 81 mainly has a wall charge accumulation / holding function, and generates a sustain discharge between the display electrodes 4 and 5 when the PDP is driven. Therefore, the voltage maintaining function is exhibited.
- the MgO crystal particle group 16 has a configuration specialized for the function of emitting electrons into the discharge space 15 during driving.
- the electron S can be actively emitted into the discharge space S, and the electrons necessary for generating the sustain discharge are excessive. It may be discharged and sustain discharge may not be performed normally.
- the surface of the MgO film layer 81 faces the discharge space 15 to some extent.
- the MgO fine particles are arranged so as to be dispersed on the surface of the MgO film layer 81.
- the MgO film layer 81 may be disposed on the protective layer 8 in a predetermined pattern by patterning using a known ink jet method, or may be disposed as secondary particles composed of a collection of a plurality of particles. Is also possible.
- the “island” mentioned here refers to a broad concept including the form of the MgO crystal particle layer 82 in which the MgO film layer 81 is exposed to the discharge space.
- the "region where MgO crystal particles are distributed" means that when the protective layer 8 is viewed from a direction perpendicular to the planar direction of the protective layer 8, the MgO film layer 81 or This is the area where the dielectric layer 7 cannot be seen directly. In other words, the area where the crystal grain layer 82 faces the discharge space 15 is less than the total area where the front panel 2 faces the discharge space 15 by the force S.
- the MgO crystal particles in the present invention are basically sides that are not flat plates having a specific side longer than the other sides, such as MgO fine particles produced by a conventional precursor firing method. It has a hexahedral or octahedral crystal shape with a length within a predetermined range.
- a hexahedral structure when a hexahedral structure is adopted, a regular hexahedron is preferable.
- the ratio of the longest side length to the shortest side length may be 1 to 1 to 2 to 1.
- the octahedral structure is adopted, a regular octahedron is preferable.
- the specific force of the longest side length and the shortest side length may be 1 pair;! ⁇ 2: 1. Also, the ridges and vertices in the shape of hexahedral or octahedral crystals do not need to be clearly present.
- the protective layer made of MgO is generally formed by sputtering or ion plating.
- the film is formed by a coating method, an electron beam evaporation method, or the like.
- the MgO crystal particle group 16 is smaller than the MgO crystal particle group produced by the conventional vapor phase oxidation method described later (for example, published in JP-A-2006-147417). Since the variation in diameter can be suppressed, it also has the characteristic of exhibiting uniform discharge characteristics over each MgO crystal particle.
- the properties of the MgO crystal particle group 16 are defined by the CL measurement results.
- the first definition is that the characteristic that the ratio a / b is 1 or more when the spectral integral value in the short wavelength region in CL measurement is a and the spectral integral value in the wavelength region of 300 nm or more and less than 550 nm is b. It can be said.
- the raised waveform portion indicated by the integral value of the emission spectrum in the short wavelength region has been shown to be effective in suppressing the discharge delay of the PDP and the temperature dependence of the discharge delay, depending on the presence or absence and the size of the waveform. It has been clarified that it can be an index to check whether or not
- Another effect obtained when the MgO crystal particle group 16 is used is an improvement in pulse dependency.
- an infinite number of pulses are repeatedly applied to each electrode 6 and 11 at each subfield at a high speed.
- the discharge history force S of the pulse applied in one subfield, the next sub It has the property of affecting the discharge in the field.
- the discharge characteristics of the protective layer 8 relating to the temperature dependence of the discharge delay and the discharge delay are improved, and the high-speed response to the discharge phenomenon is excellent.
- the wall charge state after pulse application is stabilized in each cell during driving, and an improvement in pulse dependency can be expected. Therefore, according to PDP 1 of the first embodiment, the influence of the discharge history is also suppressed, and a better image display performance is realized. This effect is particularly apparent when a short pulse is applied at high speed in a PDP with a fine cell structure such as full spec HD.
- the CL method is a method for detecting a light emission spectrum as an energy relaxation process by irradiating a sample with an electron beam. According to the CL method, information related to the structure of the protective layer (for example, the presence of oxygen defects in MgO) can be analyzed.
- the “spectrum integral value” is a straight line obtained by integrating the light emission distribution in a predetermined wavelength region with the wavelength.
- the characteristics of the MgO crystal particle group 16 possessed by the PDP of the present invention can be defined as the first definition above based on the CL measurement results.
- Mg magnesium metal
- Non-Patent Document 1 MgO crystal particles produced by a vapor phase oxidation method, this discharge delay or discharge A peak that seems to cause the temperature dependence of the delay to deteriorate appears remarkably. If there are many levels between the band gaps that contribute to the waveform ridges measured in the middle wavelength region, the transition probability of the electrons increases, and the excited electrons that are likely to relax the energy of electrons It is thought that the time to be trapped at the level is shortened. For this reason, the probability that electrons exist in the level near the conduction band is reduced, and as a result, electrons must be emitted from deep levels.
- the Auger transition is a residual that occurs when the energy of excited electrons relaxes. It is a kind of electron excitation process in which surplus energy is received by other electrons and excited. The electrons excited and emitted by this Auger transition are thought to contribute to the discharge of the PDP in the same way as the electrons emitted in other processes, and this is also a group of MgO crystal particles having an emission peak measured in the short wavelength region. X_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ is considered to be one of the reasons why the discharge characteristics of the PDP formed on the entire surface or part of the discharge space side of the front plate are excellent.
- MgO crystal particle group 16 which has a large emission peak measured in the short wavelength region and a small corrugated ridge measured in the medium wavelength region, the temperature dependence of PDP discharge delay and discharge delay Will be improved.
- the presence of a large emission peak in the mid-wavelength region creates a large surplus energy of about 5 eV, as it encourages electrons present in the level near the conduction band to transition with small energy relaxation. Electron transitions are less likely to occur, and it is expected that electron emission due to the above-described Auger transitions will hardly be observed.
- Embodiment 1 when the CL measurement is performed on the MgO crystal particle group 16 obtained by firing the MgO precursor, it has a considerable value in the short wavelength region of the spectrum and has a peak-like waveform. The protruding corrugated portion is confirmed.
- the raised corrugated portion with such characteristics is not found in MgO crystal particles produced by the conventional vapor phase oxidation method or the like. Therefore, it can be said that the presence or absence of the corrugated portion is peculiar to the present application, and it can be an indicator for confirming whether or not the PDP discharge delay and the temperature dependence of the discharge delay have a suppression effect.
- MgO crystal particles included in the MgO crystal particle group 16 have a spectral maximum value d, 30 in the wavelength region of 200 nm or more and less than 300 nm in CL measurement.
- the ratio d / e can be 2 or more.
- spectrum maximum value refers to the maximum value of emission intensity in the emission distribution in a predetermined wavelength region.
- the spectral integral value in the short wavelength region may be 2.5 times, 5 times, or 20 times larger than the spectral integral value in the target wavelength region. It is considered preferable in the same order.
- the spectral integral value in the wavelength region of 200 nm or more and less than 300 nm in CL measurement is a
- the spectral integral value of the wavelength region in the wavelength region of 300 nm or more and less than 550 nm is b
- the maximum spectral value is 5 times or 12 times larger than the spectral integrated value in the target wavelength region. It is considered preferable.
- the upper limit of the ratio of the spectral integrated value and the maximum spectral value is V and the deviation is 1000, considering the measurement limit of the CL measurement device used in this experiment (the limit due to the saturation of the measured spectrum). It is about twice.
- Display electrodes are fabricated on the front panel glass surface made of soda-lime glass with a thickness of approximately 2.6 mm.
- a force indicating an example in which the display electrode is formed by a printing method can be used.
- the electrode can be formed by a die coating method, a blade coating method, or the like.
- a transparent electrode material such as ITO, SnO, ZnO or the like having a final thickness of about lOOnm and a predetermined pattern
- a pattern of display electrodes is formed by preparing a photosensitive paste made by mixing a photosensitive resin (photodegradable resin) with Ag powder and an organic vehicle, and applying the paste on the transparent electrode material. Cover with a mask. Then, exposure is performed from above the mask, and after the development process, baking is performed at a baking temperature of about 590 to 600 ° C. As a result, a bus line is formed on the transparent electrode. According to this photomask method, it is possible to make the bus line thinner to a line width of about 30 m compared to the screen printing method, where the line width of 100 m was previously limited.
- the metal material for the bus line in addition to Ag, Pt, Au, Al, Ni, Cr, tin oxide, indium oxide, or the like can be used.
- the nose line can also be formed by depositing an electrode material by an evaporation method, a sputtering method or the like and then performing an etching process.
- an organic material composed of lead oxide or bismuth oxide having a softening point of 550 ° C to 600 ° C, SiO-based dielectric glass powder, butyl carbitol acetate, and the like.
- an MgO film layer 81 having a predetermined thickness is formed on the surface of the dielectric layer by vapor deposition.
- the method for forming the MgO film layer 81 is the same as the conventional method for forming the MgO layer.
- the evaporation source for example, pellet-like or powder-like MgO is used.
- a desired film is formed by heating the vapor deposition source using a piercing electron beam gun as a heating source.
- the amount of electron beam current, the amount of oxygen partial pressure, the substrate temperature, etc. at the time of film formation do not have a great influence on the composition of the protective layer after film formation, and may be arbitrarily set.
- other thin film methods such as sputtering and ion plating may be used other than the EB method described above! /.
- a solvent containing predetermined MgO crystal particles is applied onto the produced MgO film layer 81 by a screen printing method, a spray method, or the like. Thereafter, the solvent is removed by baking to form the MgO crystal particle layer 82 containing the predetermined MgO crystal particles (MgO crystal particle layer forming step).
- the predetermined MgO crystal particles used for the MgO crystal particle layer 82 are as exemplified below.
- the MgO precursor is uniformly heat-treated (fired) at a high temperature of 700 ° C or more and less than 2000 ° C, and the wavelength region of 200 to 300 nm in force sword noreminescence MgO crystal particles with the characteristic that the ratio a / b is 1 or more can be obtained, where a is the spectral integral value of a and b is the spectral integral value in the wavelength region of 300 nm to less than 550 nm.
- the crystal structure of the MgO crystal particles is a single crystal structure, defects are reduced, so that the above effect becomes more remarkable.
- MgO precursors include, for example, magnesium alkoxide (Mg (OR)), magnesium
- magnesium oxalate Mg C0
- one or more two or more
- the power usually takes the form of a hydrate.
- the magnesium compound as the MgO precursor is adjusted so that the purity of MgO obtained after firing is 99.95% or more, and the optimum value is 99.98% or more. This is because when magnesium compounds contain a certain amount or more of various alkali metals, B, Si, Fe, A1, and other impurity elements, unnecessary interparticle adhesion and sintering occur during heat treatment, resulting in highly crystalline MgO. This is because it is difficult to obtain crystal grains. For this reason, the precursor is prepared in advance by removing the impurity element.
- the precursor used in the present invention preferably has an elliptical particle shape with high crystallinity. Furthermore, it is preferable that the BET value is about 5-7. The BET value is based on the surface area of the specific particle, the component of the adsorption occupation area, and the gas molecules (N)
- MgO crystal when firing is performed at a firing temperature condition of 700 ° C or higher and 2000 ° C or lower, MgO crystal with the characteristic that the ratio a / b is 1 or more, where a is the spectral integral value in the wavelength region of 200 nm to 300 nm and b is the spectral integral value in the wavelength region of 300 nm to 550 nm.
- MgO crystal particles Two kinds of MgO crystal particles are produced: MgO crystal particles in which a particle and a peak having a considerable value in a spectrum region of 680 to 900 nm or less are confirmed.
- the characteristic that the ratio a / b is 1 or more, where a is the spectral integration value in the wavelength region of 200 nm or more and less than 300 nm, and b is the spectral integration value in the wavelength region of 300 nm or more and less than 550 nm.
- a firing temperature of 700 ° C or higher and lower than 1400 ° C is preferable in order to increase the generation frequency of MgO crystal particles having a high temperature.
- MgO crystal particles in which a peak having a considerable value in the spectral region of 680 to less than 900 nm can be confirmed have a particle size larger than that of MgO crystal particles having the characteristic that the ratio a / b is 1 or more. It tends to be small. Therefore, these two types of MgO fine particles can be separated from each other by obtaining a sorting (classification) process.
- both of these two kinds of MgO fine particles have a particle size distribution with an average particle diameter of 300 nm or more and 4 m or less.
- Magnesium alkoxide (Mg (OR)) s with a purity of 99 ⁇ 95% or more as a starting material
- Mg (OH) is separated from the aqueous solution, dehydrated by baking at 750 ° C or higher in the air, and MgO
- Crystal particles are produced.
- Mg (NO) Magnesium nitrate (Mg (NO)) with a purity of 99 ⁇ 95% or more is used as a starting material. Hydrolysis is performed by adding an alkaline solution to the solution. This produces a gel-like precipitate of Mg (OH) as the MgO precursor. Then separate Mg (OH) from aqueous solution
- Magnesium chloride (MgCl 3) with a purity of 99 ⁇ 95% or more as a starting material.
- MgO crystal particles can be obtained in the same manner as described above.
- the crystal obtained by applying such firing is characterized by a particle size of 300 nm to 4 ⁇ m and almost no fine particles of 3 OO nm or less. For this reason, the specific surface area becomes smaller than the crystal produced by the vapor phase oxidation method. This is one of the factors that have excellent adsorption resistance! / And is thought to improve the electron emission performance.
- the MgO crystal particle group produced by the conventional gas phase oxidation method has a relatively varied particle size. For this reason, in order to obtain uniform discharge characteristics, a classification step of selecting particles in a certain particle size range is required (for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-147417).
- the MgO crystal particle group obtained by firing the above MgO precursor in the present invention has a uniform and constant particle size as compared with the conventional one. For this reason, in some cases, the step of allocating unnecessary fine particles in the classification step can be omitted, which is very advantageous in terms of production efficiency and cost.
- the front panel 2 is manufactured as described above.
- the electrode material for the data electrode 11 includes metals such as Ag, A1, Ni, Pt, Cr, Cu and Pd, and conductive ceramics such as carbides and nitrides of various metals.
- a laminated electrode formed by laminating these materials or combinations of these materials or the like can be used as necessary.
- the interval between two adjacent data electrodes is set to about 0.4 mm or less.
- the lead-based layer is formed of a lead-free low-melting glass or a glass paste made of SiO material with a thickness of about 20 to 30 Hm over the entire surface of the back panel glass on which the data electrodes are formed.
- the partition wall 13 is formed on the surface of the dielectric layer 12. Specifically, a low-melting glass material paste is applied, and a plurality of arrays of discharge cells are arranged in a row so as to partition the boundary between adjacent discharge cells (not shown) using sandblasting or photolithography. It is formed with a girder-shaped pattern that partitions the rows.
- red (R) phosphor, green (G) phosphor, blue (B) are formed on the wall surfaces of the barrier ribs 13 and the surface of the dielectric layer 12 exposed between the barrier ribs 13.
- a phosphor ink containing any one of the phosphors is applied and dried and fired to form phosphor layers 14 respectively.
- Each phosphor material preferably has an average particle diameter of 2.0 m.
- the mixture was placed in a proportion of 50 wt% in the server, Echiruserurozu 1 ⁇ 0% by mass, solvent (alpha - Tabineoru) 49 wt% was put, and stirred and mixed by a sand mill, 15 X 10- 3 Pa 's
- This phosphor ink is prepared. Then, this is sprayed and applied between the partition walls 13 from a nozzle having a diameter of 60 m by a pump. At this time, the panel is moved in the longitudinal direction of the partition wall 20, and the phosphor ink is applied in a stripe shape. Thereafter, the phosphor layer 14 is formed by baking at 500 ° C. for 10 minutes.
- the force that the front panel glass 3 and the back panel glass 10 are made of soda lime glass.This is given as an example of the material and may be composed of other materials! /, . (Completion of PDP)
- the produced front panel 2 and back panel 9 are arranged to face each other so that the produced protective layer 8 faces the discharge space 15 (arrangement step), and these are bonded together using sealing glass. Thereafter, the inside of the discharge space is evacuated to a degree high vacuum (1. 0 X 10- 4 Pa) , (66 ⁇ 5kPa ⁇ here!; OlkPa) into a predetermined pressure in Ne, Vietnam Xe-based or He-Ne, Vietnam Enclose a discharge gas such as Xe or Ne-Xe-Ar.
- Fig. 4 (a) shows the MgO crystal particles comprising the MgO protective layer of the example (example) and the MgO protective layer (comparative example) prepared by the conventional vapor phase oxidation method. Shows the result of the measurement.
- Fig. 4 (b) is a partially enlarged view of the result.
- Each protective layer was fabricated as a single body on the substrate and subjected to CL measurement.
- the vertical axis and the horizontal axis of the graph indicate the emission intensity (relative intensity normalized by the spectrum maximum value in the short wavelength region of the example) and the wavelength (nm), respectively.
- the data shown in this figure was obtained by measuring MgO crystal particles in a state (powder state) before being used for the protective layer of PDP.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram schematically showing an emission spectrum analysis method using a highly sensitive spectrophotometric measurement system.
- each spectrum shown in Fig. 4 (a) and (b) shows an electron beam (EB) with an incident energy of 3 keV and a beam current of 3.9 A in a vacuum chamber at an incident angle of 45 °.
- the light obtained from this is incident on a high-sensitivity spectrophotometric measurement system for light emission spectrum analysis (using IMUC7500, Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd.) via an optical system such as a lens or fiber. And obtained by spectroscopic analysis.
- fi calibration is used to correct the sensitivity of the spectrometer for each wavelength.
- the maximum spectral value and the integral value of the spectrum in the middle wavelength region are comparable between the working example and the comparative example.
- the maximum value of the spectrum and the integrated value of the spectrum both the examples are over 10 times the comparative example, which is overwhelmingly large.
- Fig. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the particle amount (powder amount) of the MgO crystal particle layer 82 and the discharge delay in these two forms of PDP.
- the amount of particles on the horizontal axis of the graph is the same in terms of the mass of particles in the examples and comparative examples, and is 1 when the amount of particles is the largest.
- the data shown in this figure was obtained by measuring MgO crystal particles in a state (powder state) before being used for the MgO crystal particle layer 82 of PDP.
- improvement in the discharge delay can be confirmed in proportion to the amount of particles in both the example and the comparative example.
- the improvement effect is higher when MgO crystal particles derived from precursor firing are used as in the examples.
- the example has an effect of improving the discharge delay with a smaller amount of particles than the comparative example.
- the direct cause for obtaining such a result is unknown.
- the MgO particle size varies more than in the example, and fine MgO crystal particles are mixed.
- the cause of the above results is that the electron emission ability of the particles of the examples is high, and the ratio of particles contributing to the electron emission is small in the comparative example.
- FIG. 6 (a) is a graph showing the relationship between the ratio of the spectral integral value in the short wavelength region and the medium wavelength region in CL measurement and the discharge delay.
- FIG. 6 (b) is a partially enlarged view of FIG. 6 (a) in the region where the ratio is small.
- the ratio of the spectral integral value is 2 times or more, the discharge delay becomes almost constant at 0.2 or less, and this shows a substantial improvement in the discharge delay. That is, at least the short wave for the medium wavelength region If the ratio of the long-range spectral integration value is relatively large, the effect of suppressing the discharge delay can be confirmed in proportion to this.
- the PDP according to the present embodiment using MgO crystal particles derived from the precursor firing can be said to greatly improve the problem of discharge delay compared to the conventional PDP.
- PDPs of examples and comparative examples having the same configuration other than the protective layer were manufactured, and the performances such as discharge delay time and screen flicker were investigated.
- MgO crystal particles having an emission peak in the short wavelength region were prepared from the MgO precursor for CL measurement, and an MgO crystal particle layer was constructed.
- Comparative Example 4 is the same as Examples 1 and 2 in that the MgO crystal particle layer is formed from the Mg 2 O precursor, but the MgO crystal particles were formed at a relatively low temperature (1 ⁇ 200 ° C.).
- “deposition method” includes known thin film formation methods such as electron beam evaporation and ion plating.
- Knock and scan pulses were applied repeatedly.
- the pulse width of the applied data pulse and scan pulse was set to 100 sec, longer than 5 sec during normal PDP drive.
- discharge delay time the time from when the noise is applied until the discharge occurs
- the light emission of the phosphor due to the discharge is received by the optical sensor module (H6780-20, manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics Co., Ltd.), and the applied pulse waveform and received signal waveform are digital oscilloscope (Yokogawa It was observed with Denki DL9140).
- Table 1 shows the experimental results of “discharge delay” and “temperature dependence of discharge delay”.
- the measured values shown in Table 1 are the results of the relative values of the discharge delay times of each PDP when normalized with the discharge delay time of Comparative Example 1 as 1. The smaller this relative value, the shorter the discharge delay time.
- the numerical values when the effects of “discharge delay” and “temperature dependence of discharge delay” are exhibited to the maximum in each of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 are shown.
- a white image was displayed at a low temperature (_ 5 ° C), and whether or not the displayed image flickered was evaluated by visual evaluation.
- Table 1 shows the following experimental conditions and experimental results.
- the PDPs of Examples 1 and 2 have less “discharge delay” and “temperature dependence of discharge delay” than the PDPs of Comparative Examples 1 to 4. It can also be seen that the screen does not flicker at low temperatures.
- Comparative Examples 2 and 3 it can be seen that the discharge delay time and the temperature dependence of the discharge delay are small compared to Comparative Example 1 but large compared to Examples 1 and 2. This is because the protective layer is formed of MgO crystal particles! /, But the MgO crystal particles are produced by the gas phase oxidation method.
- Comparative Example 4 a MgO crystal particle layer obtained by heat-treating a high-purity Mg precursor in the same manner as in Examples 1 and 2 was disposed on an MgO thin film that was formally formed by vacuum evaporation. Yes. However, since the temperature of the heat treatment is relatively low at 600 ° C., there are many defects in which crystal growth is insufficient as compared with the MgO crystal grains used in the examples.
- Comparative Example 4 the short wavelength region spectrum in the CL measurement is reduced as compared with Examples 1 and 2. This means that the emission of electrons contributing to the discharge is reduced, the effect of improving the discharge delay time is smaller than in the examples, and the temperature dependence of the discharge delay is dependent on the Xe gas concentration. Regardless, it is considered large. In Comparative Example 4, screen flicker was also confirmed.
- FIGS. 6 (a) and (b) described above show that in the present invention in which a peak having a considerable value in the short wavelength region was confirmed among MgO crystal particles produced by firing under a firing temperature condition of 700 ° C or higher and 20000 ° C or lower. Only the MgO crystal grains were selected and the ratio of the spectral integral value was measured.
- the calculation method of the ratio is as follows. First, each spectrum of the short wavelength and the medium wavelength is displayed on the same scale graph (the horizontal axis is the wavelength and the vertical axis is the peak intensity). Next, the horizontal axis To divide. The sum of the peak intensity values corresponding to the equally divided predetermined wavelengths is calculated. The ratio was calculated by dividing the sum in the short wavelength region thus calculated by the sum in the medium wavelength region.
- the ratio is at least 1 in order to obtain an effective discharge delay suppressing effect. It can also be seen that a sufficient effect is obtained at 2.5 times or more, and that when the ratio is 5 times or more, the discharge delay including the margin is improved.
- the upper limit of the ratio measured in this experiment was 71.2 times.
- Fig. 7 (a) shows the relationship between the ratio of the maximum spectral value in the short wavelength region and the maximum spectral value in the medium wavelength region and the discharge delay time in CL measurement.
- Fig. 7 (b) is a partially enlarged view of Fig. 7 (a) in the region where the ratio is small.
- the discharge delay time was evaluated with the delay time of Comparative Example 1 in Table 1 as 1.
- these figures confirm the peaks with a considerable value in the short wavelength region among the MgO crystal particles produced by firing at a firing temperature of 700 ° C or more and 2000 ° C or less.
- the MgO crystal particles in the present invention were selected, and the ratio of the spectrum maximum value was measured. This ratio was calculated by dividing the maximum value of the spectrum in the short wavelength region by the maximum value of the spectrum in the medium wavelength region.
- the experimental data was set to a condition where the Xe gas concentration was 100% in the two-layer structure of the MgO film layer 81 and the MgO crystal particle layer 82.
- another experiment by the inventors of the present application revealed that the two-layer structure of the MgO film layer 81 and the MgO crystal particle layer 8 2 exhibits the same behavior as the condition where the Xe gas concentration is 100%. ,Became.
- a conventional PDP with only a single layer MgO protective layer was fabricated as a comparative example.
- the discharge delay in the comparative example PDP was set to 1.
- an Example PDP in which MgO crystal particles of any of Sample Nos.! -68 were disposed on the MgO protective layer was produced.
- the discharge delay in each example PDP was expressed as a ratio to the discharge delay of the comparative example.
- Samples No.;! To 34 are a sample group used for graphing the relationship between the ratio of the maximum spectrum value in FIG. 7 and the discharge delay.
- Samples Nos. 35 to 68 are a sample group used when graphing the relationship between the ratio of the integral value of the spectrum and the discharge delay in FIG.
- FIG. 8 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a variation of the configuration of the protective layer 8 of the present invention.
- the MgO crystal particle group 16 constituting the crystal particle layer 82 is arranged such that a part of each particle is embedded in the MgO film layer 81. Even with such a configuration, substantially the same effect as in the first embodiment can be obtained, and the adsorption of the MgO crystal particle group 16 to the MgO film layer 81 is increased, so that the MgO crystal particle group 16 is resistant to vibration and impact. This is preferable because it can prevent the MgO film layer 81 from falling off.
- the protective layer 8 is composed of only the MgO crystal particle layer 82, and the MgO crystal particle group 16 is dispersed directly on the surface of the dielectric layer. It is.
- the same effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained.
- the MgO film layer 81 is unnecessary and there is no need to perform a thin film process including a sputtering method, an ion plating method, an electron beam evaporation method, etc., the process can be omitted correspondingly and the production cost is also large. There are s .
- the area of the region where the MgO crystal particles are distributed is preferably smaller than the area of the portion of the dielectric layer facing the discharge space. That is, the MgO crystal particle group 16 is preferably formed in the form of an island on the dielectric layer which does not need to be covered on the entire surface of the dielectric layer.
- the PDP of the present invention can be used for a television set in a transportation facility, public facility, home, etc. and a display device used for a computer display.
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Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
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US12/443,817 US8004190B2 (en) | 2006-10-20 | 2007-10-19 | Plasma display panel and method for manufacture of the same |
EP07830187A EP2063447B1 (en) | 2006-10-20 | 2007-10-19 | Plasma display panel and method for manufacture thereof |
CN2007800390208A CN101595547B (zh) | 2006-10-20 | 2007-10-19 | 等离子体显示面板及其制造方法 |
JP2008510931A JP4958900B2 (ja) | 2006-10-20 | 2007-10-19 | プラズマディスプレイパネル |
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JP2006286984 | 2006-10-20 | ||
JP2006-286984 | 2006-10-20 |
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WO2008047911A1 true WO2008047911A1 (fr) | 2008-04-24 |
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US (1) | US8004190B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2063447B1 (ja) |
JP (2) | JP4958900B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20090067145A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101595547B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2008047911A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
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JP2009301865A (ja) * | 2008-06-13 | 2009-12-24 | Panasonic Corp | プラズマディスプレイパネル |
JP2010097857A (ja) * | 2008-10-17 | 2010-04-30 | Panasonic Corp | プラズマディスプレイパネル |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN101542674B (zh) * | 2007-03-19 | 2011-12-07 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | 等离子体显示面板及其制造方法 |
JP2009170192A (ja) * | 2008-01-15 | 2009-07-30 | Panasonic Corp | プラズマディスプレイパネル |
JP2009211863A (ja) * | 2008-03-03 | 2009-09-17 | Panasonic Corp | プラズマディスプレイパネル |
JP5272451B2 (ja) * | 2008-03-10 | 2013-08-28 | パナソニック株式会社 | プラズマディスプレイパネル |
JP2009218023A (ja) * | 2008-03-10 | 2009-09-24 | Panasonic Corp | プラズマディスプレイパネル |
JP2010140835A (ja) * | 2008-12-15 | 2010-06-24 | Panasonic Corp | プラズマディスプレイパネル |
US20120319577A1 (en) * | 2010-03-17 | 2012-12-20 | Masanori Miura | Plasma display panel |
CN103943436A (zh) * | 2011-12-31 | 2014-07-23 | 四川虹欧显示器件有限公司 | 提高掺杂型MgO介质保护层稳定性的方法及等离子显示屏 |
EP3072155B1 (en) * | 2013-11-22 | 2019-05-08 | Heptagon Micro Optics Pte. Ltd. | Compact optoelectronic modules |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN101595547A (zh) | 2009-12-02 |
EP2063447A4 (en) | 2011-04-13 |
JPWO2008047911A1 (ja) | 2010-02-25 |
KR20090067145A (ko) | 2009-06-24 |
CN101595547B (zh) | 2012-08-08 |
JP4958900B2 (ja) | 2012-06-20 |
US20100096986A1 (en) | 2010-04-22 |
US8004190B2 (en) | 2011-08-23 |
JP2009193948A (ja) | 2009-08-27 |
EP2063447A1 (en) | 2009-05-27 |
EP2063447B1 (en) | 2012-05-16 |
JP5028326B2 (ja) | 2012-09-19 |
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