Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
  • G10C—PIANOS, HARPSICHORDS, SPINETS OR SIMILAR STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH ONE OR MORE KEYBOARDS
  • G10C1/00—General design of pianos, harpsichords, spinets or similar stringed musical instruments with one or more keyboards
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
  • G10C—PIANOS, HARPSICHORDS, SPINETS OR SIMILAR STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH ONE OR MORE KEYBOARDS
  • G10C9/00—Methods, tools or materials specially adapted for the manufacture or maintenance of musical instruments covered by this subclass
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
  • G10D—STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACCORDIONS OR CONCERTINAS; PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; AEOLIAN HARPS; SINGING-FLAME MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • G10D3/00—Details of, or accessories for, stringed musical instruments, e.g. slide-bars
  • G10D3/22—Material for manufacturing stringed musical instruments; Treatment of the material

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for improving the sound of musical instruments. It relates in particular to a method for reducing the transmission of sound between components of musical instruments. Finally, the invention also provides a novel musical instrument.
• the term "passive area" of a musical instrument is to be understood as meaning those components or areas of components which are not directly required for the production of sound, for example in the case of a grand piano or piano, the cast plate on which the strings are stretched. with a violin the neck, with a timpani the corpus, on which the membrane is raised, etc.
• the "active region" of a musical instrument in the sense of this invention means those components of components which are directly required for sound production, such as the strings of a piano / grand piano or a violin, the reed of a clarinet etc.
• a primary sound event is one generated by the vibrations of the components of the active area of a component is triggered, in other words, that is actually in the foreground for the sound of the musical instrument wanted sound event.
• a secondary sound event the sound event generated by vibrations or vibrations of the components of the passive range of the musical instrument is here understood, which co-determines the overall sound by superposition with the primary sound event.
• the soundboard 13 is sound conducting with the rest of the body (casement 6 and wall 7), and in this way connected to all components of the instrument. This means that all parts of the instrument by the primary sound event, ie by the vibrations of the active area, consisting of strings, bridge 14 and sound board 13, are stimulated to resonate.
• the same basic principle applies mainly to all other musical instruments also: eg in string and plucked instruments by the sound conductive connection of the soundboard with the frame and the instrument neck, in wind instruments through the sound conductive connection of the mouthpiece with the body (pipe), in percussion instruments the clamping of the membrane on a frame, which in turn is connected sound conductively connected to the body, etc.
• Noise e.g. caused by moving keys and mechanical parts, have been and are regularly fought only where they arise.
• Classic measures to reduce mechanical noise are the use of softer or thicker felt buffers, softer or thicker leather upholstery or similar. The remaining residual sound is considered an inevitable part of the sound.
• the main function of the chair base 9 is the securing of a dimensionally stable support for the movement. Static aspects dominate the various versions, the unwanted amplification of mechanical noise (or rather their prevention) has so far played no role.
• the dimensional stability of the plate surface characterizes the layer structure in order to provide a good basis for the highly polished polyester lacquer receive.
• the secondary sound radiation of a sonic coupled to the rest of the instrument and therefore stimulated to resonate lid played so far in the layer structure is not important.
• Reduction of the sound transmission ie for decoupling, materials with low acoustic characteristic impedances, ie low sound velocities and low densities used.
• materials with low acoustic characteristic impedances ie low sound velocities and low densities used.
• resilient materials such as sponge rubber are used.
• GB 2285848 (BOOSEY & HAWKES MUSICAL INSTR (GB)) uses. 1995-07-26. Loosely inserted, resilient materials with thin lips to dampen vibration of the return springs in brass instruments.
• the object of the invention is therefore to achieve a significant improvement in the sound of musical instruments, to provide a method with which the disturbing Influence of secondary sound events, which are generated by transmitted within the musical instrument between different components conductive sound conduction, to reduce the primary sound event.
• the kinetic decoupling is thus achieved by the targeted use of materials with a sound velocity that is significantly lower than the airborne sound velocity of 340 m / s, in particular with a sound velocity of less than 150 m / s and with a density of more than 2.4 g / cm 3 .
• the material used for the kinetic decoupling must always have a lower speed of sound than the components to be decoupled from each other.
• the present invention describes concrete measures and the use of certain materials that cause the primary sound event is radiated undistorted and unadulterated by interference by the introduction of the sound energy in the components, their Mitschwingen and sound radiation is not required or desired, is reduced by decoupling to a minimum.
• sound events emanating from secondary sound sources e.g., key and mechanical noises
• the inventive kinetic decoupling of the components by interposition of the sound propagation preventing material causes a limitation of the original, caused by the primary vibrator primary sound event to a clearly defined local area, the In contrast to the passive components and components of a musical instrument, the range of these passive components, in contrast to the sound-generating active area, should be referred to as a passive area, since passive components and components have different functions have to fulfill (statics, type of play, optics, etc.).
• the inventively induced kinetic decoupling thus means that no Transition of the primary sound event from the active area to the other, passive areas of the instrument takes place. Furthermore, in a set up on the floor of the respective room (concert hall, podium and the like) instruments the acoustic coupling of the instrument via the feet, rollers, supports or the like is avoided to the ground. Also, such components of a musical instrument, in which the desired sound disturbing sound events are basically generated (eg mechanical noises in the gaming table of a grand piano or piano), be isolated from the remaining components acoustically, to the radiation of the disturbing sound event and thus its influence on the overall sound of Minimize instrument.
• the desired sound disturbing sound events are basically generated (eg mechanical noises in the gaming table of a grand piano or piano)
• a suitable material for the kinetic decoupling in the context of the invention is a flexible heavy plastic mat with inorganic fillers, as offered by the company Stankiewicz GmbH in Adelheidsdorf, Germany under the name "Bary-X", called a speed of sound 60 m / s and at 3 mm thickness a basis weight of 8 kg / m 2 (or 6 kg thickness 16 kg / m 2 ).
• "Bary-X” has a density according to the publicly available EC safety data sheet between 2.45 g / cm 3 and 2.7 g / cm 3 and thus a sound characteristic impedance between about 147000 Ns / m 3 and about 162000 Ns / m 3
• Such a plate may e.g. be inserted (for example, glued) at a joint between an active and a passive component at a piano or wing, in order to achieve a complete kinetic decoupling of the respective components or areas.
• An inventive use according to the invention of the sound propagation-suppressing material in an intermediate layer in a multi-layered structure of a component of a musical instrument leads to an "acoustic immobilization" of the same, ie the component is neither triggered by airborne sound through the instrument body nor by incoming airborne sound
• a structure can be selected for the cover of a grand piano in order to prevent its fundamentally disruptive resonance.
• FIG. 1 shows a three-dimensional representation of a grand piano as a possible musical instrument for the application of the method according to the invention
• FIG. 2 is an illustration of the body of the wing shown in Fig. 1;
• Fig. 3 is a sectional view of a possible constructive variant of
• FIG. 4 in a representation analogous to Figure 3 a constructive variant with intermediate soundboard bearing.
• FIG. 5 a view analogous to FIG. 3 of a design option for decoupling a connecting element
• FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of a constructive possibility for decoupling the game table from the other body.
• Fig. 7 shows a way of decoupling the chair bottom of the invention from other housing in a multi-layered structure.
• FIGS. 1 and 2 a wing or its body is shown as a possible musical instrument for the application of the method according to the invention.
• the wing consists of a central main component, the rim, consisting of the wall 7 and the frame 6, which is placed on feet 10 with rollers 11 arranged thereon and closed with a lid 8 on the top.
• the underside of the chair bottom or game table 9 At the front of the rim is the underside of the chair bottom or game table 9, on which there is needed for striking the strings game, consisting of a keyboard (keyboard) and a mechanism.
• sound board 13 usually made of spruce, with overlying cast plate 5, usually made of gray cast iron, on which the strings are spanned, and underlying, the body stiffening struts.
• the connection between spreaders and cast plate 5 consists of a box angle 4, the connection of strings and sound board 13 takes place through the firmly connected to the soundboard 13 web 14.
• the music stand 12th In the front upper part of the wing is the music stand 12th
• the primary sound event i. the desired sound event is used for pianos and grand pianos, for example. generated by vibrating strings transmitted through the bridge 14 on the sound board 13 and reinforced by this.
• the passive area is formed by all other components, i. from the instrument body (wall 7 and frame 6), the cast plate 5, the lid 8, the music stand 12, etc.
• the inventive kinetic decoupling of the active region can be done on the example of the wing as a comprehensive storage of the soundboard 13.
• the mounting of the soundboard 13 can take place directly on a material 1 suitable for decoupling (see Fig. 3) or by decoupling a portion of the frame 6, on which the soundboard 13 is glued (see Fig. 4).
• all connections, screws, dowels or other contact points between the active and passive area in a sleeve (a "dowel") 3 are made of this material (see Fig .. 5), in order to achieve sufficient decoupling and a clear separation of active
• the string tension is taken up by a cast plate 5 on pianos and wings. Due to this function, the decoupling of string and cast plate 5 is not possible. However, because of this coupling sound energy from the string through the cast plate 5 can get into all other components of the instrument, the cast plate 5 must be decoupled from the remaining passive components of the wing (ie that is not desirable in the cast plate 5, but unavoidable sound event also limited to as small a local area as possible). This is analogous to the procedure for decoupling the active region by comprehensive storage and embedding of the cast plate 5 in a material 1, which is suitable for kinetic decoupling (see Fig.
• the chair bottom 9 (game table) is primary amplifier of the unwanted secondary sound event "mechanical noise", which is caused by the movement of the keys and the underlying mechanics to locally limit this sound event, or to prevent the propagation of the sound energy of the mechanical noise in the entire instrument , a local limitation is also made here by the kinetic decoupling of the chair bottom 9 of frame 6, wall 7 and surrounding air through a multilayer structure of the chair bottom in which one or more layers of the material 1 are inserted for decoupling (see FIG. 7).
• Other ways to localize the Mechanical noise is possible by incorporating a material 1 for decoupling in the keyboard frame, by the storage of the mechanical frame or the keyboard frame on this material or the like.
• this mouthpiece For wind instruments that have a mouthpiece, such as Saxophone, clarinet, oboe and all instruments with kettle mouthpieces, for example, this mouthpiece from the instrument body (tube) kinetically decouple. This action will cause the sound stream required and desired for the primary sound event to be amplified in the pipe by velocity transformation, but not to excite the housing material (i.e., body) of the wind instrument into secondary, interfering sound.
• a mouthpiece such as Saxophone, clarinet, oboe and all instruments with kettle mouthpieces
• the frame and neck of the rest of the instrument in accordance with the invention can be kinetically decoupled (in cello and double bass and the leadership of the sting from the instrument and the lower end of the sting from the floor) to limit the primary sound event on the active part.
• This procedure can be arbitrarily transferred to other musical instruments by identification and consistent kinetic decoupling of the required for the generation of the primary sound event, active range of an instrument of all components that have no immediate sonic functions, by means of the method claimed below.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
• Multimedia (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Stringed Musical Instruments (AREA)
• Auxiliary Devices For Music (AREA)
• Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)
• Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)

Priority Applications (5)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Country Status (7)

Cited By (1)

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Citations (4)

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• 2007
  • 2007-08-29 JP JP2009527113A patent/JP2010503036A/ja active Pending
  • 2007-08-29 WO PCT/EP2007/058977 patent/WO2008028846A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 2007-08-29 EP EP07802994A patent/EP1913575B1/de active Active
  • 2007-08-29 US US12/439,818 patent/US8344230B2/en active Active
  • 2007-08-29 DE DE502007000301T patent/DE502007000301D1/de active Active
  • 2007-08-29 CN CN200780032688XA patent/CN101517635B/zh active Active
  • 2007-08-29 AT AT07802994T patent/ATE418135T1/de active

Patent Citations (4)

Non-Patent Citations (2)

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