WO2008020585A1 - Procédé et dispositif de formage de film de revêtement amorphe - Google Patents
Procédé et dispositif de formage de film de revêtement amorphe Download PDFInfo
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- WO2008020585A1 WO2008020585A1 PCT/JP2007/065831 JP2007065831W WO2008020585A1 WO 2008020585 A1 WO2008020585 A1 WO 2008020585A1 JP 2007065831 W JP2007065831 W JP 2007065831W WO 2008020585 A1 WO2008020585 A1 WO 2008020585A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- flame
- amorphous film
- forming
- material particles
- cooling
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
- B05B7/20—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed by flame or combustion
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/14—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying for coating elongate material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/129—Flame spraying
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
- B05B7/20—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed by flame or combustion
- B05B7/201—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed by flame or combustion downstream of the nozzle
- B05B7/205—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed by flame or combustion downstream of the nozzle the material to be sprayed being originally a particulate material
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for forming an amorphous film by thermal spraying, which forms an amorphous (amorphous material) film by thermal spraying on the surface of a base material such as metal.
- Amorphous (amorphous) metal is a metal with an irregular atomic arrangement different from the crystalline state, and has high mechanical strength, corrosion resistance and excellent magnetic properties.
- Various researches and developments have been made.
- Various proposals have also been made regarding techniques for forming amorphous coatings on the surface of objects by thermal spraying. If an amorphous coating can be formed by thermal spraying, and if a simple thermal spraying facility is used and it can be performed by working in the atmosphere at any site, the coating can be easily applied to a large area. This is because there are advantages.
- it is a completely amorphous metal and includes a crystalline part in part, it generally exhibits excellent properties with respect to mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, magnetic properties, and the like.
- Japan ⁇ JP 55-88843 discloses a substrate (mother) that blows away an alloy material melted by plasma spraying or the like together with a flame and moves in a direction orthogonal to the flight direction.
- a method for forming a film is described in which an amorphous material is obtained by spraying onto a material and cooling.
- the equipment used is as shown in Fig. 15.
- the metal powder is supplied into the flame F sprayed from the nozzle 50, melted, sprayed onto the base M, rapidly cooled by contact with the base M, and amorphous on the base M. Make a film.
- the substrate M is sprayed with a cooling gas to cool its surface.
- an amorphous layer having a thickness of 0.3 mm or more is obtained on the surface of the flat substrate M as shown in the figure.
- Patent Document 2 an alloy material melted by plasma spraying or the like is blown off together with a flame and sprayed onto a substrate (base material) that rotates at high speed. It describes a method of forming a metal film in which an amorphous alloy is obtained by cooling.
- the apparatus used is as shown in FIG. 16. A metal powder is supplied into a flame F sprayed from a nozzle 50, melted, sprayed onto the base M, and rapidly cooled by contact with the base M to form an amorphous film on the base M. make.
- Reference numeral 90 in the figure denotes a cooling nozzle that blows cooling gas.
- Patent Document 2 it is said that if a round bar-like substrate is used as the substrate M as shown in FIG. 16, a seamless pipe-like amorphous alloy is obtained on the surface.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a technique for forming a metal glass layer on the surface of a base material.
- Many high corrosion resistance ⁇ mode Rufasu Fe- P- C-based amorphous alloy was developed in the 1960s, the temperature width of the supercooled liquid temperature range very narrow, 10 5 by a method called single roll method Amorphous materials could not be formed without rapid cooling at a cooling rate of K / s level.
- a thin strip having a thickness of about 50 m or less cannot be produced and manufactured.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a production method and performance of such a metallic glass, that is, a metallic glass in a supercooled liquid phase state in which the cooling rate is slow and the force is stable.
- the present invention provides a method and apparatus for forming an amorphous film (or mostly amorphous) of a general amorphous material not limited to metallic glass or the like by thermal spraying. .
- the method and apparatus for forming an amorphous coating by thermal spraying of the present invention involves injecting a flame containing material particles toward a base material from a nozzle, melting the material particles with a flame, and then the material particles and the flame. Is cooled before reaching the base material.
- “Flame” includes arc or plasma jet.
- “Amorphous coating” includes amorphous metals and non-metals, and those that are not completely amorphous.
- the temperature can be reduced considerably. Therefore, as described above, it is usually possible to achieve a sufficient cooling rate and minimum temperature! /, Even in the latter half (relatively low! /, Temperature range)! / Therefore, the material can be formed on the surface of the base material as an amorphous film without cooling or keeping the base material.
- the above cooling (that is, cooling of the flame containing the material particles) is performed by supplying a cooling fluid composed of a gas or a liquid mist mixed gas (mixed liquid containing mist) into the outer periphery away from the flame. It is better to spray the flame from the part. Further, in addition to the cooling from the outer peripheral portion, the cooling gas injected from the gas injection cylinder of the thermal spray gun may be blown to the flame for cooling.
- the above-described gas for cooling the flame for example, air, nitrogen, argon, or the like is used, and it is inclined so as to gradually approach the flame center line from the upstream side to the downstream side in the flame injection direction. It is good to spray on.
- the cooling gas is blown against the flame in this way, the temperature of the flame is reduced with the gas. It is possible to reduce the temperature and suppress the spread of the flame and shorten the length thereof, and thus it is possible to lower the flame temperature at a position not far from the injection port.
- the fact that the temperature of the flame can be lowered close to the injection port is nothing other than that the material once melted in the flame can be rapidly cooled.
- more gas is blown to the downstream side of the flame, it is possible to increase the cooling rate of the material particles after a certain temperature drop.
- the gas may be blown at a plurality of locations in the flame length direction and the circumferential direction.
- a gas containing mist for example, water mist
- a high cooling capacity is exhibited due to the heat of vaporization of fine liquid particles (about 50 111).
- the temperature of the base material is 50 ° when the base material is cooled without any special temperature control, that is, when the cooling fluid composed of the gas or liquid mist mixed gas is sprayed. C to '350 ° C or less.
- the material particles exiting the nozzle are not melted within 5/1000 seconds, the particles reach the base material in a solid state (or in a state where only the surface is melted), and form a uniform amorphous film. It may not be possible. If the molten material particles are not cooled at a rate of 10,000 to 1 million K / second (up to several million K / second) within 2/1000 seconds after melting, it becomes amorphous. In addition, it is not possible to make the temperature sufficiently low to the base material at an appropriate distance from the nozzle (for example, about 300 mm or less. If exceeding this, oxygen will increase in the flame and particle oxidation will easily proceed). there is a possibility.
- particles having a force particle diameter (diameter in the case of assuming a spherical shape) R represented by the following formula (1) are preferably used.
- V Volume of material particles (cm 3 )
- A Surface area of material particles (cm 2 )
- V Velocity of material particles during injection (cm / sec)
- V Standard material particle velocity (6000cm / sec)
- the above formula (1) is a suitable particle size range of the material particles found based on the knowledge obtained by the inventors through experiments and Newton's cooling theory as described below. . Ie
- ⁇ ⁇ (initial material temperature) when time t is 0
- ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Atmospheric temperature ( ⁇ ), ⁇ : Surface area (cm 2 ), V: Volume (cm 3 )
- Figure 8 shows the heat transfer coefficient h determined along the measured data in Fig. 3, etc., and the temperature change under the specific conditions of specific material particles, which will be described later, is calculated.
- about 3/4 of the spraying time time from spraying to reaching the base metal
- cooling is between 10 4 and 10 6 K / s. It is performed at about 1/4 of the spraying time due to the high cooling rate. It can also be seen that the heating and cooling rates differ depending on the particle size of the material particles (38 m, 63 m).
- Formula (1) relating to the appropriate particle size R of the material particles is created from the following viewpoints, taking into consideration the heating / cooling rate and the like in the particle size of the calculation result.
- the temperature rise and fall of the material particles It was determined by the amount of heat U per unit surface area as shown below.
- A surface area of the material (cm 2, 4 ⁇ r 2 ), V: volume (cm 3, 4 ⁇ r 3 /3) above a U value of the material, if considering the possible degree of actual amorphous film, its The possible range is 0.196 / 1000 ⁇ U ⁇ 1.96 / 1000
- V Velocity of material particles during injection (cm / sec)
- V Standard material particle velocity (6000cm / sec)
- the material particles for example, when a flame spray gun having an average particle velocity of 60 m / s is used, particles having a particle size R of 10 to 100 m may be used.
- a reducing flame that is, one having less oxygen
- a volume ratio of CO 20 to 30% because the amount of oxygen is less than the appropriate amount (theoretical ratio).
- this does not apply when hydrogen is used as the fuel.
- the amorphous film formed on the base material is observed with a microscope, it is not preferable that oxides are scattered in many places even if the halo peak and crystallinity are similar by X-ray analysis! /, It can be seen that an amorphous film may be formed.
- Generation of such oxides can also be prevented by preventing the particle size of the material particles from becoming too small, as described above, by using a reducing flame in a flame type thermal spraying apparatus. Experiments have shown that this can be suppressed.
- using a reducing flame is particularly effective when the particle size of the material particles is small, or when the distance from the injection port of the flame or the like to the base material is long.
- an inert gas nitrogen, argon, or the like
- the gas to be blown onto the flame the gas in the case of blowing only the gas or the gas in the liquid mist mixed gas.
- the above material particles contain impurities (Mn, S, etc.) in the range of 0.1% (0.1% by weight of the total amount) to 0.6% (0.6% by weight of the total amount). It is commercially preferred to use general industrial materials.
- an amorphous film on the surface of the base material without using specially pure material particles having impurities less than 0.1%.
- an amorphous film can be formed even by using a general industrial material containing about 0.6% to 0.6% impurities as described above. When using such general industrial materials, it is greatly advantageous in terms of construction cost.
- the thermal spray gun having the nozzle is used in the air and the material particles are sprayed onto the surface of the base material which is not cooled on the back and inside.
- the spray gun can be used in a vacuum or in a special atmosphere, There is no need to cool inside.
- An amorphous film can be formed on the surface of the base material even under such special conditions.
- Use general-purpose materials that contain about 0.;! ⁇ 0.6% of impurities use a spray gun in the atmosphere, and do not apply any special cooling to the base metal.
- the formation of an amorphous film at any site This makes it possible to easily carry out any base material at a low cost, and the object for forming an amorphous film will be expanded to a very wide range.
- Impurities are 0.;!-0.6% by weight.
- the particle size is 38.
- the impurities shall be 0.6% by weight or less (the lower limit is, for example, 0.003% by weight).
- an amorphous magnetic alloy film having excellent magnetism in all directions and low iron loss can be formed on the surface of the base material.
- rl, ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3, and ⁇ 4 are 81, 13, 4, and 2, respectively (impurities are 0.6 wt% or less.
- the injected material particles and the flame can be cooled sufficiently strongly, and the material is formed on the surface of the base material as an amorphous coating. Can be formed.
- the amorphization can be achieved. It is possible to further improve the ratio and the amount of oxide generated. It is also possible to use low-purity material particles as the thermal spray material, which facilitates commercial implementation at a low cost.
- Amorphous film of iron-chromium alloy, especially Fe Cr PC film is formed on the base material
- the corrosion resistance of the base metal can be dramatically improved by a simple thermal spraying operation. It is also possible to form a magnetic alloy amorphous film on the base material.
- FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b) are diagrams relating to a thermal spraying apparatus 1 used in an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 1 (a) is an overall configuration diagram of the thermal spraying apparatus 1.
- (B) is a diagram showing the flame temperature distribution in the thermal spraying apparatus 1.
- FIG. 2 Fig. 2 (a) and (b) are diagrams showing the structure of the spray gun 2 of the thermal spray device 1, and Fig. 2 (a) is an overall view.
- FIG. 4B is a detailed view of a portion b (tip portion) in FIG.
- FIGS. 3 (a), (b), and (c) are diagrams showing the flame state during thermal spraying with respect to the thermal spraying apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, and FIGS. A diagram showing the change in temperature along the flame center line ((a) is the high temperature part, (b) is the low temperature part), and (c) is the temperature distribution of the flame taken with thermal vision. It is.
- Fig. 4 shows the temperature measurement results of base material M using a thermocouple attached to the surface of base material M.
- FIG. 5 shows flame temperature distributions measured by thermal vision, respectively, by changing the pressure of air (external gas) blown from the outside of the flame ( ⁇ ⁇ (f)).
- FIGS. 6 (a) to 6 (f) show the X-ray diffraction measurement results for the films formed on the base material in the cases (a) to (f) in FIG.
- FIG. 7 shows the results of measuring the flame speed at each part when changing the pressure of the air as the external gas.
- Fig. 8 is a diagram showing the temperature change of metal particles in a flame.
- Fig. 9 (a) is a cross-sectional photograph showing an aspect of capturing metal particles in a flame in the test
- Fig. 9 (b) is an SEM photograph of captured particles.
- Fig. 10 (a) to (e) are photomicrographs of the cross section of the sprayed coating when the metal particle diameter and the type of external gas are changed (400 times on the left and 1000 times on the right).
- Figs. 11 (a) to 11 (e) show the X-ray diffraction measurement results of the sprayed coating in each case of Figs. 10 (a) to (e).
- Fig. 12 shows the thermal spray coating and the step of the Fe Cr PC alloy formed by the method of this embodiment.
- Fig. 13 shows the heat test results of the thermal spray coating formed by the method of this embodiment.
- Figure 14 shows the thermal spray coating of Fe B SiC alloy formed by the method of this embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view showing a conventional thermal spraying method described in Patent Document 1 (Japan, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 55-88843).
- FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view showing a conventional thermal spraying method described in Patent Document 2 (Japan, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 55-88927).
- the spraying device 1 is based on a commercially available spray gun 2 and supplies fuel (acetylene and oxygen) from the gas supply pipe 3 and the like, and also supplies metal powder and carrier gas from the powder supply pipe 4 to spray material.
- Flame F including (melted supplied metal powder) can be injected from the main nozzle (crater) 5 of the spray gun 2 to the right in the figure.
- spray material is ejected from the central outlet 5a shown in Fig. 2 (b), and the mixed gas of acetylene and oxygen (or air) is combusted from the plurality of outlets 5b around it.
- a flame F is fired.
- thermal spraying apparatus 1 used in the experiment is modified to the above-described commercially available thermal spraying gun 2 as shown in the following a) to c). That is,
- a support frame 7 is provided in the vicinity of the tip of the spray gun 2, and a plurality of external gas injection nozzles (cooling fluid injection nozzles) 10 (11 ⁇ 12 ⁇ 13 ⁇ 14) are provided on the support frame 7 as shown in Fig. 1 (a). ) Was attached.
- Each of the nozzles 10 is a metal tube having an inner diameter of 5 to 10 mm, and in each case, the outer side of the main nozzle 5 of the spray gun 2 is almost parallel to the flame F injection direction from the base attached on the support frame 7.
- the tip is inclined toward the center line of the flame F as shown. Depending on the angle of the tip, they are named primary nose, nore 11, second nose, nore 12, third nose, nore 13, fourth nose, nore 14.
- the primary nozzle 11 has a tip (opening) at a position about 60 mm downstream from the main nozzle 5 and directs the spray destination further to the downstream flame center by 20 to 30 mm, while the other nozzles 12, 13, 14
- the injection destinations are each directed in the order of the flame center on the slightly downstream side.
- the cooling fluid (gas) H external gas, air or nitrogen
- H external gas, air or nitrogen
- the nozzle 10 preferably, !! to 4th order nozzles 11 to 14 are shifted in the length direction of the flame F and arranged.
- each nozzle 10 attached to the support frame 7 leads to a joint 16a provided on the back of the support frame 7 (the side opposite to the direction in which the flame F is sprayed).
- the flexible hose 16 is connected by the joint 16a.
- the support frame 7 is for experimentation, and the nozzle 10 can be arranged without using it. Further, the length, tip position, angle, gas injection pressure, injection amount, etc. of the nozzle 10 (11 ⁇ 12 ⁇ 13 ⁇ 14) can be appropriately changed according to the cooling conditions and the like.
- a mist generator 15 is connected to the upstream side of each pipe of the external gas injection nozzle 10 (1;! To 14) via the flexible hose 16 described above.
- the mist generator 15 is a commercially available oil mist generator (lubricator) that is used to supply lubricating oil. It is fed into each nozzle 10 together with air in the form (water mist).
- the thermal spraying apparatus 1 thus injects the water mist toward the flame F with the tip force of the nozzle 10 described above. If no liquid is put into the mist generator 15, V, that is, the power to inject air (or a gas such as nitrogen) from the tip of the nozzle 10 without the mist S.
- the means for injecting water mist is not limited to the above.
- the spray gun 2 has a gas injection cylinder (air cap) 6 around the main nozzle 5 that blows out the flame F as shown in FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b).
- a type from which cooling gas for example, room temperature air G
- the blowout hole 6a of the injection cylinder 6 is modified to have a specific angle in the direction of the gas injection, and the diameter of the spray outlet 5a of the thermal spray material in the main nozzle 5 is set larger. Yes.
- the cooling gas injection angle an angle of 10 ° (or 9 to 12 °) with the center line direction of the flame F as shown in the figure so as to gradually approach the center line of the flame F from the outer periphery, and the main nozzle 5
- the diameter of the nozzle 5a was 5. Omm (or 4-6mm), about 60% larger than the commercial product (diameter 3. Omm).
- the diameter of the jet outlet 5a was increased so that the sprayed material could be ejected in large quantities at a high temperature, and the injection angle of the cooling gas was set to 10 ° closer to the center line.
- the flame F is set at a high temperature around 2500 ° C due to its large diameter, etc., and about 1400 ° C at about half the spraying distance.
- the flight speed of the metal powder about 3/1000 seconds after exiting the main nozzle 5 is about 30 m / s (see Fig. 7), during which the metal powder is completely melted.
- the second half, external cooling starts by external gas injection Bruno nozzle 10, thereby the gas Fireflys mist-containing gas which is injected by), the metal powder in a molten state is accelerated to about 100 m / S (see Figure 7) .
- the latter half of the cooling is performed at a rate of 10 4 ⁇ ; 10 6 K / sec.
- the metal powder in a molten state adheres to the surface of the base metal sheet while being cooled at a high speed, and forms an amorphous film there.
- the temperature of the base metal when the coating is formed in this way is around 300 ° C (50 ° C or more and 350 ° C or less) as shown in Fig. 4.
- an amorphous (or mostly amorphous) amorphous film can be formed on the surface of the iron plate by thermal spraying. did it.
- the tip opening force of the main nozzle 5 was placed at a distance of about 150 to 200 mm, and the base metal M made of iron plate was placed, and various metal powders were supplied as the thermal spray material for thermal spraying.
- the tests conducted by the inventors and their results will be introduced.
- Fig. 3 (a) ⁇ (b) is a diagram showing the change in temperature along the center line of the flame F (each vertical axis indicates a temperature index, and the horizontal axis indicates a relative position from the left main nozzle 5) ).
- Fig. 3 (a) shows the measurement results in the high temperature range
- Fig. 3 (b) shows the measurement results in the low temperature range (the low temperature range
- Fig. 3 (a) shows the relationship between the measurement range and the display function of the measuring instrument).
- An error appears in the part below 200 ° C).
- the temperature of flame F drops significantly from the initial high temperature range (2500 ⁇ ; 1500 ° C), near V of the base metal M, dripping in the second half, and below 200 ° C! /
- the temperature at which the temperature is 200 ° C or less is much lower than the melting point of the alloy that is the thermal spray material.
- the thermal spray material then adheres to the surface of the base material M and becomes a solid.
- Fig. 3 (c) is a photographed image of the entire flame F by thermal vision, with the main nozzle 5 on the left and the base material M on the right. In the image, the external gas injection nozzle 10 It is observed that the high temperature range in the flame F is considerably short because of the force S where a part of the flame F is blocked by.
- Thermal vision refers to an infrared camera (trade name “Compact Thermo”. Also referred to as “Thermo”) manufactured by Nippon Avionicus Co., Ltd. Measurements using thermal vision are performed at ⁇ (emissivity) of 0.10.
- thermocouple was attached to the surface of the iron plate used as the base metal rod (the thermocouple was inserted into the hole from the back side and applied to the surface), and the thermal spray gun and the base metal rod were fixed during thermal spraying.
- the temperature change of the base material ⁇ was measured.
- Figure 4 shows the temperature measurement results. It can be seen that the temperature of the base metal plate rises above 350 ° C. It is considered that the temperature rise of the base material M is suppressed when the flame F is sufficiently cooled by the external gas H (water mist in the example of Fig. 4).
- Figure 5 summarizes the results of the thermal vision measurement of the flame temperature distribution that changes depending on the air pressure (and the flow rate that changes with it) when air (external air) is blown as the external gas. It shows.
- the figure shows the temperature history from reaching a base metal M from a position with a spraying distance of 100 mm.
- the temperature of flame F does not decrease even in the second half, but rather rises due to the fact that a part of it returns to the base metal.
- the air pressure is set to 0 .;! To 0.5 MPa, the temperature of the flame F drops before reaching the base material M.
- Figs. 6 (a) to (f) show the results of X-ray diffraction measurement of the films formed on the base material in the cases (a) to (f) in Fig. 5 (horizontal The axis is the diffraction angle 2 ⁇ , and the vertical axis is the intensity). Except for the case (a) where air is not blown, in each of the cases (b) to (f), a clear halo peak indicating that the film is mostly amorphous can be confirmed. The crystallinity of the film in each case ( a ) to (f) was 75.8%, 18.8%, 16.2%, 16.5%, 16.3%, 16.4%, respectively.
- Fe Cr P C powder (contains 0.1 to 0.6% by weight of impurities other than Fe, Cr, P, C).
- the particle size is about 50 g / min for 38 to 63 ⁇ m and about 160 g / min for 63 to 88 ⁇ m.
- Table 1 shows the external air pressure, flame speed, and average cooling rate for each case (a) to (f) in Figs.
- FIG. 7 shows the result of measuring the flame speed when the pressure of the external air was changed, as in the examples of FIGS. 5 and 6.
- the velocity is measured using an automatic velocimeter AV-80 (Okano Manufacturing) using a Pitot tube as the detector.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a temperature change of metal particles (particle size force 3 ⁇ 4 8 111 and 63 111) in the flame when the pressure of the external air is 0.30 MPa.
- the temperature change is obtained by calculation according to Newton's law of cooling based on the flame temperature obtained in Fig. 5 and the flame velocity obtained in Fig. 7.
- the particle size of the metal particles is 38 111, it is 2.72 million K / sec.
- the particle size is 63 inches, it is 2.33 million K / sec.
- Figures 10 (a) to (e) and ll (a) to (e) show the components of the flame, the internal cooling and external cooling gases, and the diameter of the powder material (and therefore the particle size of the metal particles). ) Is changed as shown in Table 2. Optical micrographs of the sprayed coating cross section (left is 400 times, right is 1000 times) and X-ray diffraction measurement results are shown.
- FIG. 10 it is observed that an amorphous film having no crystal is formed, although pores peculiar to thermal spraying are observed.
- Supplied fuel gas type 'amount' pressure, metal powder type, flame F injection speed 'maximum temperature, and air G (internal gas) injection amount are basically the same as in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 above. The same force is applied to each condition shown in Table 2.
- Figs. Ll (a) to (e) show the X-ray diffraction measurement results for the thermal spray coating formed on the base material in each case (a) to (e) of Fig. 10 (lateral).
- the axis is the diffraction angle 2 ⁇ , the vertical axis is the intensity.
- the measuring instrument and measurement conditions are the same as those used in the test of Fig. 6.
- a clear halo peak is observed, confirming that most of the crystallinity is amorphous.
- FIG. 12 shows the results of a corrosion resistance test on the thermal spray coating (amorphous coating) formed on the base material in case (c) of FIGS. 10 and 11.
- the surface of the film was coated with or without a sealing agent, and SUS316L stainless steel (bulk material that had been blasted) was used as a sample and continuously immersed in aqua regia (mixture of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid). . While SUS316L was completely dissolved in about 6 hours, the progress of corrosion in the sprayed coating was extremely slow. The degree of progress per day was only 1.2%.
- Fig. 13 shows the results of heat resistance tests performed on two types of sprayed coatings (amorphous sprayed coatings A and B) obtained in the same manner as described above.
- each sprayed coating was held in air at each temperature for 1 hour, and the crystallinity was measured.
- the thermal spraying device 1 shows an amorphous metal coating on the base metal even when spraying other iron-chromium alloys or other alloys. Is possible.
- Fe B Si C alloy which is said to have excellent magnetic properties, or similar
- the measuring instrument and measurement conditions of the X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD method) at this time are as follows:
- Means for forming the amorphous coating is not limited to the thermal spraying apparatus 1 used above.
- the injection nozzle 10 for external cooling allows the position and orientation of each nozzle to be set to a setting other than that shown in the figure. It is also possible to spray water mist etc. radially with a divergence angle.
- fuel in addition to acetylene, propane, carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H), etc.
- the above-mentioned thermal spraying device 1 is a so-called frame type thermal spraying machine. It is also possible to configure the thermal spraying apparatus 1 by high-speed flame spraying, arc-type spraying equipment or plasma-type spraying equipment. In the case of an arc sprayer, it is better to cool part of the arc, and in the case of a plasma sprayer, it is better to cool part of the plasma jet.
- the thermal spray material it is possible to use a wire rod instead of the powder material (in this case, it is preferable to set the particle size of the molten metal particles in the flame to an appropriate size as described above. I).
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ES07792474.4T ES2441596T3 (es) | 2006-08-14 | 2007-08-13 | Procedimiento y aparato para la formación de una película de recubrimiento amorfa |
KR1020097004554A KR101365310B1 (ko) | 2006-08-14 | 2007-08-13 | 아몰퍼스 피막의 형성방법 및 장치 |
US12/310,139 US20090246398A1 (en) | 2006-08-14 | 2007-08-13 | Method and apparatus for forming amorphous coating film |
EP07792474.4A EP2060652B1 (en) | 2006-08-14 | 2007-08-13 | Method and apparatus for forming amorphous coating film |
CN2007800302601A CN101501236B (zh) | 2006-08-14 | 2007-08-13 | 无定形被膜的形成方法及装置 |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2006-221112 | 2006-08-14 | ||
JP2006221112A JP5260847B2 (ja) | 2006-08-14 | 2006-08-14 | 過冷却液相金属皮膜の形成用溶射装置および過冷却液相金属皮膜の製造方法 |
JP2007-008477 | 2007-01-17 | ||
JP2007008477A JP5260878B2 (ja) | 2007-01-17 | 2007-01-17 | 溶射によるアモルファス皮膜の形成方法 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2008020585A1 true WO2008020585A1 (fr) | 2008-02-21 |
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PCT/JP2007/065831 WO2008020585A1 (fr) | 2006-08-14 | 2007-08-13 | Procédé et dispositif de formage de film de revêtement amorphe |
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Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20090246398A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2060652B1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101365310B1 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2441596T3 (ja) |
RU (1) | RU2435870C2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2008020585A1 (ja) |
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---|---|---|---|---|
JP2012097347A (ja) * | 2010-11-05 | 2012-05-24 | Toyota Motor Corp | コールドスプレー測定装置およびこれを用いる測定方法 |
US10323153B2 (en) | 2014-01-31 | 2019-06-18 | Yoshikawa Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Corrosion-resistant sprayed coating, method for forming same and spraying device for forming same |
WO2016181939A1 (ja) * | 2015-05-11 | 2016-11-17 | 株式会社中山アモルファス | 高速フレーム溶射装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
RU2009109207A (ru) | 2010-09-27 |
EP2060652A4 (en) | 2010-11-17 |
ES2441596T3 (es) | 2014-02-05 |
RU2435870C2 (ru) | 2011-12-10 |
EP2060652B1 (en) | 2013-11-27 |
KR20090038926A (ko) | 2009-04-21 |
US20090246398A1 (en) | 2009-10-01 |
EP2060652A1 (en) | 2009-05-20 |
KR101365310B1 (ko) | 2014-02-19 |
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