WO2008018410A1 - Electrode for fuel cell, method for producing the same, and fuel cell - Google Patents
Electrode for fuel cell, method for producing the same, and fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- WO2008018410A1 WO2008018410A1 PCT/JP2007/065369 JP2007065369W WO2008018410A1 WO 2008018410 A1 WO2008018410 A1 WO 2008018410A1 JP 2007065369 W JP2007065369 W JP 2007065369W WO 2008018410 A1 WO2008018410 A1 WO 2008018410A1
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- fuel cell
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- monomer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8803—Supports for the deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/8807—Gas diffusion layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8663—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for catalytic active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/8668—Binders
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8825—Methods for deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/8846—Impregnation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8878—Treatment steps after deposition of the catalytic active composition or after shaping of the electrode being free-standing body
- H01M4/8882—Heat treatment, e.g. drying, baking
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8878—Treatment steps after deposition of the catalytic active composition or after shaping of the electrode being free-standing body
- H01M4/8892—Impregnation or coating of the catalyst layer, e.g. by an ionomer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1009—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1009—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
- H01M8/1011—Direct alcohol fuel cells [DAFC], e.g. direct methanol fuel cells [DMFC]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrode for a fuel cell that can use high-concentration methanol as a fuel and a method for producing the same.
- the present invention also relates to a background art relating to a fuel cell provided with the electrode.
- PEFC polymer electrolyte fuel cell
- DMFC direct methanol fuel cell
- an electrochemical reaction occurs by supplying a methanol aqueous solution to the negative electrode side and an oxidant such as oxygen or air to the positive electrode side. Electricity is generated.
- a perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid (hereinafter referred to as PFS and! /, U) polymer eg, registered trademark Nafion, manufactured by DuPont Co., Ltd.
- PFS and! /, U perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid
- Ion conduction Have been widely used in general (see, for example, patent documents;! To 4).
- PFS and! /, U perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid
- Patent Document 5 JP-A 61-67787
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-254419
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11 329452
- Patent Document 4 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11 354129
- Patent Document 5 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2006-107786
- An object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell electrode that can use high-concentration methanol as a fuel and has practical proton conductivity, and a method for producing the same. Moreover, it aims at providing a fuel cell provided with the said electrode.
- the fuel cell electrode of the present invention comprises a bulle polymer A having at least one crosslinkable group selected from the group consisting of an epoxy group and an isocyanate group protected with a protective group, a hydroxyl group, and a carboxyl group.
- Bulle polymer B having at least one crosslinkable group selected from the group consisting of amino groups, and at least one of Bulle polymer A and Bulle polymer B has an acidic group forming a salt.
- the method for producing a fuel cell electrode of the present invention comprises a vinyl polymer A having at least one crosslinkable group selected from the group consisting of an epoxy group and an isocyanate group protected by a protective group, and a hydroxyl group.
- a step of preparing a bull polymer composition having a group (bull polymer composition preparation step), a step of impregnating a support substrate with the bull polymer composition and a fuel cell catalyst (impregnation step), and the bull Reacts the crosslinkable groups of polymer A and bull polymer B And a step of proton exchange of the salt (proton exchange step).
- the fuel cell of the present invention includes an electrolyte membrane and the fuel cell electrode of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an example of a fuel cell using a fuel cell electrode of the present invention.
- the fuel cell electrode of the present invention is obtained by impregnating a support base material with a fuel cell catalyst that serves as a catalyst for electrode reaction and a specific bully polymer composition that fixes the catalyst and contributes to proton conduction, thereby causing a crosslinking reaction and a proton. Obtained by exchanging.
- the bull polymer composition includes a bull polymer A having at least one crosslinkable group selected from the group consisting of an epoxy group and a isocyanate group protected with a protecting group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, and And bull polymer B having at least one crosslinkable group selected from the group consisting of amino groups, and at least one of bull polymer A and bull polymer B has an acidic group forming a salt.
- Bull polymer A is obtained by polymerizing a Bull monomer having an isocyanate group protected with an epoxy group and / or a protecting group as a crosslinkable group.
- the bull monomer having an epoxy group include glycidyl metatalylate.
- butyl monomers containing an isocyanate group protected by a protecting group include methacrylate 2 ( ⁇ - [1 'methylpropylidamino] carboxyamino) ethyl, methacrylate 2- (2,4 dimethyl). Virazol carboxiamino) ethyl and the like.
- the bull polymer A preferably further has an acidic group forming a salt.
- Such a bull polymer A is obtained by copolymerization of a bull monomer containing an isocyanate group protected with an epoxy group and / or a protecting group, and a bull monomer having an acidic group by forming a salt! .
- the butyl monomer having an acidic group that forms a salt include styrene sulfonic acid, acrylamido tert-butyl sulfonic acid, and vinyl sulfonic acid that form a salt with an alkali metal or amine.
- Bulle polymer B does not have a salt-forming acidic group, 1) It is essential that A has the acidic group, and conversely, when Bull polymer B has the acidic group, it is not essential that Bull polymer A has the acidic group.
- the bulle polymer A has an acidic group forming a salt
- the bulle monomer having the acidic group and a burizable group an isocyanate group protected with an epoxy group and / or a protecting group
- the ratio of the number of moles charged with the monomer is in the range of 40/60 to 95/5, good crosslinking reactivity is exhibited, and the resulting catalyst layer also exhibits excellent proton conductivity. More preferably, it is in the range of 50/50 to 90/10, and still more preferably in the range of 60/40 to 85/15.
- a third bull monomer as a monomer component constituting the bull polymer A.
- the third bur monomer include styrene and bur naphthalene.
- acrylamide, bull pyrrolidone, bull imidazole, bulpyridine, dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, bull force prolatatum, bull force rubazole, burdamino triazine, and the like containing nitrogen atoms in the molecule may be mentioned. However, it is not limited to these.
- styrene, acrylamide, 2-bulupyridine, 4-bulupyridine or a mixture thereof is preferable.
- the total number of moles of the bulle monomer having an acidic group and the bulle monomer having a crosslinkable group and the number of moles of the third bulle monomer is preferably in the range of 50/50 to 99/1, more preferably in the range of 60/40 to 95/5. More preferably, it is in the range.
- Bull polymer B includes, for example, a bull monomer having a hydroxyl group such as 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, a bull monomer having a carboxyl group such as (meth) acrylic acid, and an amino group such as arylamine. Obtained by (co) polymerizing
- the bull polymer B further has an acidic group forming a salt.
- a bull polymer B is a copolymer of a bull monomer having a hydroxyl group, a bull monomer having a carboxyl group or a bull monomer having an amino group and a bull monomer having an acidic group by forming a salt! Obtained by.
- the bur monomer include styrene sulfonic acid, acrylamide-tert-butyl sulfonic acid, and vinyl sulfonic acid that form a salt with an alkali metal or amine.
- the bulle polymer B has an acidic group forming a salt
- the bulle monomer having the acidic group and a crosslinkable group at least one selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, and an amino group
- the ratio of the number of moles charged with the above-mentioned butyl monomer is in the range of 40/60 to 95/5! /.
- the ratio is in the range of 40/60 to 95/5, good crosslinking reactivity is exhibited, and the resulting bull polymer composition also exhibits excellent proton conductivity.
- the ratio of the number of moles charged is more preferably in the range of 50/50 to 90/10, and still more preferably in the range of 60/40 to 85/15.
- a third bulle monomer as a monomer component constituting the bulle polymer B.
- the third bur monomer include styrene and bur naphthalene.
- acrylamide, bull pyrrolidone, bull imidazole, bulpyridine, dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, bull force prolatatum, bull force rubazole, burdamino triazine, and the like containing nitrogen atoms in the molecule may be mentioned. However, it is not limited to these.
- styrene, acrylamide, 2-bulupyridine, 4-bulupyridine or a mixture thereof is preferable.
- the total number of moles of the bull monomer having an acidic group and the bull monomer having a crosslinkable group and the number of moles of the third bull monomer are used.
- Specific power of the number of moles to be charged is in the range of 50/50 to 99/1 S is preferable, more preferably in the range of 60/40 to 95/5 70 / 30-90 / 10 More preferably, it is in the range.
- Preparation of Bull polymer A and Bull polymer B can be carried out according to known polymerization methods, polymerization conditions, and the like. More power to do S, not particularly limited.
- the polymerization can be initiated by heat, light, electron beam or the like.
- radical, cation, and anion polymerization initiators can be used.
- a radical polymerization initiator is preferably used.
- organic peroxide Nazo compounds described in the catalog of Nippon Oil & Fat Co., Ltd. can be used.
- t-Butyl butyl 2-ethylhexyl carbonate, benzoyl peroxide, azobisoxybutyronitrile and the like can also be used.
- the addition amount of the polymerization initiator depends on the respective polymerization conditions, but is preferably 0.01 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the bulu monomers. It is preferably 7 parts by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 5 parts by mass.
- the polymerization temperature is from 0 ° C to 120 ° C is preferred 20 ° C to 100 ° C is more preferred 30 ° C to 80 ° C, but the composition of the vinyl monomer and the polymer obtained It may be selected as appropriate in consideration of physical properties and process time.
- a polymerization solvent in order to stably carry out the polymerization reaction and to reduce the viscosity of the resulting polymer.
- the polymerization solvent include toluene, xylene, alcohols, esters, ketones, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylformamide and the like.
- various additive simultaneous IJs such as colorants and viscosity modifiers can be removed.
- the fuel cell catalyst used in the present invention includes a catalyst in which platinum is used for the positive electrode and a metal such as platinum / ruthenium and platinum / cobalt is supported on the carbon powder for the negative electrode.
- a catalyst in which platinum is used for the positive electrode and a metal such as platinum / ruthenium and platinum / cobalt is supported on the carbon powder for the negative electrode.
- commercially available catalysts for PEFC can be used, and specific examples include products such as Johnson Matthey, Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Co., Ltd., and Ishifuku Kinko Kogyo Co., Ltd.
- Examples of the supporting substrate used in the present invention include carbon paper, carbon cloth, glass cloth, paper, woven fabric, non-woven fabric, and metal porous body.
- carbon paper manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc. registered trademark Tore force mat
- carbon cloth manufactured by T-Tech, USA glass nonwoven fabric manufactured by Nippon Sheet Glass (registered trademark MC paper), Asahi Kasei! Paper (Registered Trademark Benlyse), Metallic Porous Material (Registered Trademark Celmet) manufactured by Toyama Sumitomo Electric Co., Ltd.
- Nonwoven fabrics registered trademark, diamond spun lace
- nonwoven fabrics registered trademark: Elves, Alcima
- the fuel cell electrode of the present invention is produced through a composition preparation step comprising a specific bulle polymer and a fuel cell catalyst, an impregnation step, a crosslinking reaction step, and a proton exchange step.
- a composition comprising a specific bulle polymer and a fuel cell catalyst is prepared by mixing bulle polymer A, bulle polymer B, a fuel cell catalyst, and a solvent.
- the blending ratio of the fuel cell catalyst is 10 to 100 parts by mass, preferably 20 to 90 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the bull polymer A and the bull polymer B. More preferably, it is more preferably 30-80 parts by mass.
- the support substrate is impregnated with the composition.
- the impregnation method a general method applied in the catalyst preparation method can be employed.
- the crosslinkable groups of Bull polymer A and Bull polymer B are reacted by heating in air or in a nitrogen atmosphere.
- the cross-linking reaction temperature is preferably a force 50 to 200 ° C depending on the properties of each crosslinkable group, the heat-resistant temperature of the support substrate, etc. 60 to 80; 70 to 60 ° C is more preferable.
- the cross-linking reaction time may be appropriately selected according to the force S, which is 0.;! To 24 hours, and the degree of reaction. Further, the catalyst for accelerating the crosslinking reaction may be added within a range that does not impair the performance of the resulting polymer crosslinked product.
- the fuel cell of the present invention includes an electrolyte membrane and the fuel cell electrode of the present invention.
- the fuel cell can be manufactured by a known method. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, a fuel that retains high conductivity / ion conductivity by sandwiching an electrolyte membrane 3 between a negative electrode 1 and a positive electrode 2 that use at least one of the fuel cell electrodes of the present invention. A battery is obtained.
- a gas diffusion layer 4 may be provided on each surface of the negative electrode 1 and the positive electrode 2.
- methanol aqueous solution or methanol used for power generation is supplied from the direction of arrow 5
- oxygen or air is supplied from the direction of arrow 6, and is diffused uniformly on the surfaces of negative electrode 1 and positive electrode 2. Distributed.
- the fuel cell electrode is preferably used for at least the negative electrode 1 in consideration of insolubility due to methanol. It is naturally possible to apply the fuel cell electrode to the positive electrode 2, and in this case, the cost S can be reduced by lowering the cost compared to the conventional positive electrode made of naphthion (registered trademark) film.
- the fuel cell of the present invention operates particularly well when the concentration of methanol is low.
- the fuel cell electrode of the present invention shows excellent insolubility in methanol, but the electrolyte membrane 3 is dissolved depending on the material. Therefore, when methanol is highly concentrated, it is preferable to use the fuel cell electrode of the present invention for the negative electrode 1 and a specific electrolyte membrane for the electrolyte membrane 3.
- the specific electrolyte membrane is obtained by impregnating a polyolefin porous membrane with a vinyl monomer having a basic group and a crosslinkable butyl monomer, followed by polymerization, and then sulfonating the basic membrane. It is preferable to use a solid polymer electrolyte membrane having an aromatic ring or a heterocyclic ring as at least one of the bull monomer and the crosslinkable bull monomer.
- the electrolyte membrane it can be used without dissolving even at concentrations higher than the methanol concentration that can be used when naphthion (registered trademark) is used as an electrolyte membrane (eg, several tens of percent or more, more strictly 30% or more). can do.
- Examples of the bull monomer having a basic group include attalinoleamide, aranolamine, and vinyl. Nylpyrrolidone, burimidazole, aminoacrylamide, buraminosulfone, vinyl pyridine, dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, bur force prolatatum, bur force rubazole, burdiaminotriazine, ethyleneimine
- the power of things is S. 2-Buylpyridine, 4-bylpyridine or a mixture thereof is particularly preferable.
- crosslinkable butyl monomer examples include dibutene benzene, tetraethylene glycol dimetatalate, methylene bis talolinoleamide, ethylene glycol dimetatalate, diethylene glycol dimetatalate, triethylene glycol dimetatalate, And dibutyl compounds such as nonaethylene glycol dimetatalylate.
- dibulene benzene is preferred.
- At least one of the bull monomer having a basic group and the crosslinkable bull monomer has an aromatic ring or a heterocyclic ring.
- a third monomer copolymerizable with these monomers and a solvent may be prepared as necessary.
- Examples of the third monomer include styrene, urnaphthalene, sodium acrylamide-t-butyl sulfonate, sodium vinyl sulfonate, and the like.
- Examples of the solvent include toluene, xylene, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, alcohols, and the like.
- a so-called plasticizer can also be used as the solvent.
- the force S includes, but is not limited to, triacetyltinate, dibutylinophthalate, dioctinolephthalate, dibutinorea dipate, tributinoleglycerol, and the like.
- An appropriate selection may be made in consideration of the boiling point, viscosity, impregnation into the polyolefin film, and the like.
- the molar ratio of the charge when impregnating a bull monomer having a basic group and a crosslinkable bull monomer is 20 / It is preferably in the range of 80 to 90/10. When the strength is within such a range, good film-forming properties are exhibited, and good proton conductivity and excellent methanol permeation-preventing properties can be exhibited through the sulfonation step described later.
- the molar ratio is 70 / More preferably, it is in the range of 30-40 / 60, more preferably in the range of 60 / 40-50 / 50.
- the ratio of the total number of moles of (P) and the third monomer (Q) to the number of moles of crosslinkable butyl monomer (R), that is, (P + Q) / R is in the range of 20/80 to 90/10
- the molar ratio (P / Q) of the bull monomer having a basic group and the third monomer is preferably in the range of 10/90 to 99/1.
- the copolymerization of the bull monomer having a basic group and the crosslinkable bull monomer can be initiated by heat, light, electron beam or the like.
- a radical polymerization initiator, a cationic polymerization initiator or an anion polymerization initiator can be used.
- a radical polymerization initiator is preferred.
- a peroxide compound with a high hydrogen abstraction capability is used, in addition to the polymerization reaction between a butyl monomer having a basic group and a cross-linkable butyl monomer, a cross-linked structure is also formed with a porous membrane made of polyolefin.
- the strength and durability of the obtained solid polymer electrolyte membrane are improved, which is preferable.
- a radical initiator for example, an organic peroxide described in a catalog of Nippon Oil & Fats Co., Ltd. can be used.
- t-butyl peroxide 2-ethynolehexenole carbonate and benzoinoreperoxide are suitable.
- the amount of the polymerization initiator added depends on the polymerization conditions, it is 0.00;! To 10 parts by mass, preferably 0.0; Part, more preferably 0.05 to 2 parts by mass.
- Polymerization temperature is from 0 ° C to 120 ° C, preferably from 20 ° C to 100 ° C, more preferably from 30 ° C to 80 ° C.
- Polyolefin is used as a raw material resin for the porous membrane.
- the power includes, but is not limited to, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene and the like.
- polyethylene particularly preferably ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene is used.
- the weight average molecular weight of the polyolefin is preferably 50,000 or more, more preferably 1 million or more, and further preferably 5 million or more.
- the average pore diameter of the porous porous membrane made of polyolefin is preferably 0.001 to 5111. It is more preferable that the force is 0.01 to 1 111, and more preferable that the force is 0.05 to 0.5 111.
- the porosity of the porous polyolefin membrane is preferably 20 to 60%, more preferably 30 to 50%, and even more preferably 35 to 45%.
- the thickness of the porous polyolefin membrane is usually 1 to 300 111, preferably 5 to 100 111, more preferably 10 to 50 111.
- the air permeability of the porous polyolefin membrane is preferably 100 to 900 seconds / 100 ml.
- porous membrane made of polyolefin examples include Hypoa (registered trademark) manufactured by Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corporation, Solpore (registered trademark) manufactured by Teijin Solfil Co., Ltd., Solfil (registered trademark), and Mitsui Chemicals Co., Ltd. Examples include ESPOIR (registered trademark), SETILA (registered trademark) manufactured by TonenGeneral Sekiyu KK, and YUPO (registered trademark) manufactured by YUPO Corporation.
- the polyolefin porous membrane is subjected to a hydrophilic treatment prior to the impregnation described later.
- a hydrophilic treatment can be applied for the hydrophilization treatment, but it can be hydrophilized by, for example, corona discharge treatment, plasma irradiation treatment, sulfuric acid treatment or the like.
- the ability S to further increase the permeability of the raw material monomer to the porous membrane can be obtained.
- the polyolefin porous membrane is impregnated with a raw material composition containing a butyl monomer having a basic group, a cross-linkable vinylene monomer, and a polymerization initiator.
- the impregnation treatment is performed by a known method and is not limited.
- a porous porous polyolefin film is immersed in the raw material composition and is sandwiched between release films such as PET, and then the excess raw material composition is removed.
- release films such as PET
- the impregnation treatment is usually performed under normal temperature and normal pressure, but may be performed under pressure or under reduced pressure as necessary.
- polymerization After the impregnation treatment, polymerization is performed.
- the impregnated porous membrane is sandwiched between glass plates through the above release film and polymerized by heating in a nitrogen atmosphere.
- Polymerization conditions are polymerization initiators It may be appropriately selected in consideration of the type of the above and the composition of the raw material composition.
- the film obtained by polymerization is immersed in a commonly used solvent such as acetone and methanol to remove the solvent and unreacted substances, and then dried.
- a commonly used solvent such as acetone and methanol
- sulfonation treatment After drying, sulfonation treatment is performed.
- a general method using fuming sulfuric acid or black sulfuric acid can be applied to the sulfonation treatment.
- the mass increase rate by the sulfonation treatment ((the mass of the polymer after the sulfonation treatment ⁇ the mass of the polymer before the sulfonation treatment) / the mass of the polymer before the sulfonation treatment X 100) is in the range of 20 to 240%. preferable. Within this range, the balance of proton conductivity, methanol permeation blocking property and mechanical strength of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane can be maintained.
- the mass increase rate by the sulfonation treatment is more preferably in the range of 50 to 210%, particularly preferably 80 to 180%.
- a solid polymer electrolyte membrane in which an acidic group and a basic group coexist, more specifically, an acidic group and a basic group.
- a solid polymer membrane can be obtained in which salts are formed within and between molecules of acidic and basic groups.
- PFS polymer membranes require water to intervene because protons are transferred in the form of hydronium ions, and the salt in the electrolyte membrane does not require water by the Grotthuss Mechanism. It is thought to be transmitted. Therefore, protons are smoothly transmitted between adjacent salts from the negative electrode to the positive electrode.
- the salt since the salt has higher affinity with water than methanol, it exhibits excellent methanol permeation-preventing properties. By this action, water generated on the positive electrode side by power generation can be guided to the negative electrode side, and power generation can be continued by supplementing water necessary for the reaction on the negative electrode side. As a result, it is possible to use high-concentration methanol as fuel, which is extremely difficult with conventional PFS polymer membranes.
- a solid polymer electrolyte membrane having a methanol permeation rate (measured value after 3 hours at 40 ° C, 30% aqueous methanol solution) of 3 mg / cm 2 / min or less can be obtained.
- a polyethylene porous membrane (registered trademark Hypore N9420G, manufactured by Asahi Kasei Chemicals Co., Ltd.) that has been hydrophilized by corona discharge treatment is impregnated with the monomer solution X, sandwiched between PET films, and further sandwiched between glass plates. The reaction was carried out at 80 ° C for 20 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere. The obtained film was immersed in acetone to remove unreacted substances and solvents, and then sufficiently dried.
- this membrane was immersed in fuming sulfuric acid (SO concentration: 23 wt%) and reacted at 60 ° C for 90 minutes.
- a polyethylene porous membrane (registered trademark Hypore N9420G, manufactured by Asahi Kasei Chemicals Co., Ltd.) that has been hydrophilized by corona discharge treatment is impregnated with the monomer solution Y, sandwiched between PET films, and further sandwiched between glass plates. The reaction was carried out at 80 ° C for 20 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere. The obtained film was immersed in acetone to remove unreacted substances and solvents, and then sufficiently dried.
- the carbon paper, the electrode for the fuel cell obtained in Example 1, the electrolyte membrane obtained in Electrolyte Membrane Production Example 1, and the carbon paper with catalyst manufactured by Chemix Co., Ltd. A fuel cell was assembled. When 4 ml of 20% methanol was supplied to the fuel tank of this fuel cell, the electromotive force was 318 mV, and the power S was sufficient to drive the motor for 62 hours.
- a power generation test was performed using a fuel cell assembly kit (registered trademark Pem Master PEM-004DM) manufactured by Chemix Corporation.
- a power generation test was performed using a fuel cell assembly kit (registered trademark Pem Master PEM-004DM) manufactured by Chemix Corporation.
- Electrode for fuel cell obtained in Example 3 in the order of carbon paper, electrode for fuel cell obtained in Example 3, electrolyte membrane obtained in Electrolyte Membrane Production Example 2, and carbon paper with catalyst manufactured by Chemix Co., Ltd. A fuel cell was assembled. 30 ml of methanol When supplied to the fuel tank of the pond, the electromotive force was 230mV, and the motor S was driven for 16 hours.
- a power generation test was performed using a fuel cell assembly kit (registered trademark Pem Master PEM-004DM) manufactured by Chemix Corporation.
- the fuel cell electrode of the present invention can also be applied to the positive electrode.
- a power generation test was performed using a fuel cell assembly kit (registered trademark Pem Master PEM-004DM) manufactured by Chemix Corporation.
- Example 4 Specifically, from the negative electrode side, carbon paper, two fuel cell electrodes obtained in Example 2, the electrolyte membrane obtained in Electrolyte Membrane Production Example 2, and the fuel cell electrode obtained in Example 4 The fuel cell was assembled in the order of electrode and carbon paper. When 2 ml of 30% methanol was supplied to the fuel tank of this fuel cell, the electromotive force was 271 mV, and the motor S was able to run for 13 hours.
- a fuel cell was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a PFS polymer (registered trademark, naphth ion) was used as the electrolyte membrane.
- a PFS polymer registered trademark, naphth ion
- the electromotive force was 237 mV.
- the catalyst of the carbon paper with the catalyst manufactured by Tas Co. eluted, and the rotation of the motor stopped.
- a power generation test was performed using a fuel cell assembly kit (registered trademark Pem Master PEM-004DM) manufactured by Chemix Corporation.
- a fuel cell electrode formed from carbon paper, PFS polymer (registered trademark Nafion), DuPont registered trademark Nafion 117 membrane, manufactured by Chemix Co., Ltd.
- the fuel cell was assembled in the order of carbon paper with catalyst.
- 4 ml of 100% methanol was supplied to the fuel tank of this fuel cell, the fuel methanol permeated and leaked into the positive electrode, and the catalyst layer also dissolved, and the motor could not be driven.
- the motor could be driven for 24 hours with an electromotive force of 345 mV.
- the electromotive force was 350 mV, and the motor S was driven for 21 hours.
- the electrode for a fuel cell of the present invention can use high-concentration methanol as a fuel and has practical proton conductivity.
- the fuel cell electrode is useful for fuel cells such as direct methanol fuel cells and polymer electrolyte fuel cells.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/376,468 US20100196794A1 (en) | 2006-08-07 | 2007-08-06 | Electrode for fuel cell, method for producing the same, and fuel cell |
JP2008528812A JPWO2008018410A1 (ja) | 2006-08-07 | 2007-08-06 | 燃料電池用電極およびその製造方法、並びに燃料電池 |
EP07792039A EP2053673A4 (en) | 2006-08-07 | 2007-08-06 | ELECTRODE FOR FUEL CELL, PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME, AND FUEL CELL |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2006-214484 | 2006-08-07 | ||
JP2006214484 | 2006-08-07 |
Publications (1)
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WO2008018410A1 true WO2008018410A1 (en) | 2008-02-14 |
Family
ID=39032940
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2007/065369 WO2008018410A1 (en) | 2006-08-07 | 2007-08-06 | Electrode for fuel cell, method for producing the same, and fuel cell |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20100196794A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2053673A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPWO2008018410A1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20090049581A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2008018410A1 (ja) |
Cited By (3)
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JP2009176514A (ja) * | 2008-01-23 | 2009-08-06 | Mitsubishi Gas Chem Co Inc | 燃料電池触媒層及びその製造方法 |
JP2009193682A (ja) * | 2008-02-12 | 2009-08-27 | Mitsubishi Gas Chem Co Inc | 膜−電極接合体の製造方法 |
WO2014174973A1 (ja) * | 2013-04-26 | 2014-10-30 | 日産自動車株式会社 | ガス拡散電極体、その製造方法ならびにこれを用いる燃料電池用膜電極接合体および燃料電池 |
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- 2007-08-06 KR KR1020097002384A patent/KR20090049581A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20100196794A1 (en) | 2010-08-05 |
KR20090049581A (ko) | 2009-05-18 |
EP2053673A1 (en) | 2009-04-29 |
JPWO2008018410A1 (ja) | 2009-12-24 |
EP2053673A4 (en) | 2011-07-06 |
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