WO2007132936A1 - Materiau carboné pour électrode de condensateur électrique à double couche et condensateur électrique à double couche l'utilisant - Google Patents
Materiau carboné pour électrode de condensateur électrique à double couche et condensateur électrique à double couche l'utilisant Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007132936A1 WO2007132936A1 PCT/JP2007/060302 JP2007060302W WO2007132936A1 WO 2007132936 A1 WO2007132936 A1 WO 2007132936A1 JP 2007060302 W JP2007060302 W JP 2007060302W WO 2007132936 A1 WO2007132936 A1 WO 2007132936A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- double layer
- electric double
- layer capacitor
- carbon
- carbon material
- Prior art date
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- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 238000001237 Raman spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910021469 graphitizable carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 description 16
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
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- 229910021470 non-graphitizable carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001339 alkali metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HUCVOHYBFXVBRW-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Cs+] HUCVOHYBFXVBRW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- CPRMKOQKXYSDML-UHFFFAOYSA-M rubidium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Rb+] CPRMKOQKXYSDML-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
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- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CMJLMPKFQPJDKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylthiolane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound CC1CCS(=O)(=O)C1 CMJLMPKFQPJDKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RNRAEWQRFSILIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)[N+](C)(CC)CC.B(F)(F)F Chemical compound C(C)[N+](C)(CC)CC.B(F)(F)F RNRAEWQRFSILIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011300 coal pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011333 coal pitch coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011315 coal-based isotropic pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940021013 electrolyte solution Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000000635 electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007849 furan resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZTOMUSMDRMJOTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutaronitrile Chemical compound N#CCCCC#N ZTOMUSMDRMJOTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005087 graphitization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001410 inorganic ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011302 mesophase pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004714 phosphonium salts Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002459 porosimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003115 supporting electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
- H01G11/34—Carbon-based characterised by carbonisation or activation of carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/342—Preparation characterised by non-gaseous activating agents
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a carbon material for an electric double layer capacitor electrode and an electric double layer capacitor using the same.
- a carbon electrode mainly composed of a carbon material As a capacitor electrode, a carbon electrode mainly composed of a carbon material is used, and activated carbon is known as the carbon material.
- Activated carbon is activated by carbonizing and activating carbon sources derived from coal and petroleum-based raw materials such as coke pitch, synthetic polymer carbon sources such as phenolic resins, or plant-derived carbon sources such as coconut shells. Obtainable.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Hei 8- 1 6 2 3 75
- a resin selected from phenol resin, furan resin, and polyacrylo-tolyl resin is carbonized to obtain a carbon material, which is then activated with potassium hydroxide. It is proposed that the activated carbon obtained in this way be used for electrodes for electric double layer capacitors.
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2 0 0 2-1 0 4 8 1 7
- an activated carbon obtained by using coal-based isotropic pitch as a raw material and activated by using Al force is used as an electrode for an electric double layer capacitor. It is proposed to be used for
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 11-31 6 3 7
- the peak intensity ratio is 0.7 or more
- the ratio of the peak of the D-band graph item component to the peak intensity of the G-band graph item component is 1.0 or more.
- a carbon material for an electric double layer capacitor electrode is proposed.
- the capacitance per surface area has been improved, it is still insufficient from the viewpoint of capacitance per unit volume.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-162375
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-1048 17
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11 1 31 6 37
- the inventors of the present invention have focused on the Raman spectrum and electrode performance of the carbon material for the electric double layer capacitor electrode, particularly the capacitance per unit volume, and as a result of extensively examining the relationship between the two, The present invention has been completed by finding that the above-mentioned problems can be solved by producing activated carbon having a specific Raman spectrum pattern.
- the present invention is an activated carbon made from graphitizable carbon as a raw material, and in the Raman spectrum, the peak intensity ratio of the G-band amorphous carbon component to the peak intensity of the G-band graphite component is 0.0.
- the ratio of the peak intensity of the D-band dullite component to the peak intensity of the graph-eye component of the G-band is from 0.01 to 0.80.
- the present invention relates to a carbon material for a multilayer capacitor electrode.
- the present invention also relates to the carbon material for an electric double layer capacitor electrode as described above, wherein the graphitizable carbon material is petroleum raw coke.
- the present invention also relates to the carbon material for an electric double layer capacitor electrode as described above, wherein the specific surface area by the BET method is 400 to 2400 m 2 / g.
- the pore diameter by the nitrogen gas adsorption method is 0.1 to 50 nm
- the pore volume is 0.1 to 3 ml lZg
- the pore diameter by the mercury intrusion method is 0.05 to 300 ⁇ m.
- the pore volume is 0.4 to 5 m 1 Zg, and the carbon material for an electric double layer capacitor electrode as described above.
- the present invention relates to an electric double layer capacitor using the carbon material for an electric double layer capacitor electrode described above. ⁇ The invention's effect]
- the present invention uses an easily graphitized carbon material as a raw material, and by using activated carbon having a specific Raman spectrum pattern as a carbon material for an electric double layer capacitor electrode, the electrostatic capacity per unit volume is extremely high. An electrode can be obtained.
- General activated carbon consists of synthetic polymer carbon such as phenol resin or plant-derived carbon such as coconut shell as carbon source and non-graphitized carbon called non-graphitizable carbon. Its crystal structure consists of a turbulent structure in which the graphite layers are disordered. When the Raman spectrum of this activated carbon is measured, it is called the G-band, which is derived from the graphite crystal structure. It is called a 160-cm peak near 1 and the disturbance of the graphite crystal structure. -Two peaks with a peak near 1 are measured, and the ratio of these peak intensities is used as a parameter indicating crystallinity (degree of graphitization).
- the crystal structure of activated carbon that uses graphitizable carbon as a carbon source, such as petroleum coke and coal pitch coatas is called a crystallite in which small graphite layers are stacked in parallel. It is characterized by a mixture of crystal structures and undeveloped crystal structures. This is due to the fact that the raw carbon material already contains a portion showing a crystal structure and an undeveloped portion. Therefore, the produced activated carbon also contains a crystal structure and an undeveloped crystal structure. .
- the crystal structure (called the graphite component) and the undeveloped crystal structure (called the amorphous carbon component) coexist.
- the peaks There are four peaks: the G-band peak of the graphite component and the G-band peak of the monomonolithic carbon component, and the D-band peak of the graphite component and the D-band peak of the amorphous carbon component. It is thought that there was overlap.
- the ratio of the peak intensity of the D band (denoted as I d) to the peak intensity of the G band (denoted as Ig) It is not appropriate to evaluate the crystal structure with I d _I g). Therefore, these two peaks were coupled using a Gaussian function, and the G-band peak was changed to the peak of the graph item component in the G-band (I g (G), 1 600 cm).
- Figure 1 shows the Raman spectrum of the carbon material for the electric double layer capacitor electrode of the present invention.
- Figure 2 shows the Raman spectrum of the curve fitting process shown in Figure 1.
- the peak intensity of the amorphous carbon component in the G-band relative to the peak intensity (I g (G)) of the graphite component in the G one band (The upper limit of the ratio of I g ()) (1 ⁇ (A) / I g (G)) must be 0.60 or less, preferably 0.50 or less, and the lower limit is 0.01 or more. Preferably, it is 0.10 or more.
- the ratio of the peak intensity (I d (G)) of the graph eye component in the D band to the peak intensity (I g (G)) of the graph eye component in the G band (I d (G ) / I g (G)) must be 0.80 or less, preferably 0.70 or less, and the lower limit is 0.0 1 or more, preferably 0.1 or more. is there.
- the peak intensity ratio (I g (A) / I g (G)) of the amorphous carbon component in the G—band to the peak intensity of the graph item component in the G—band is greater than 0.6, The ratio of the amorphous carbon component to the graphite component is large, the crystallinity development as a whole is insufficient, and the capacitance per unit volume is insufficient.
- the ratio of the peak intensity of the graph item component in the D band (I d (G) / I g (G)) to the peak intensity of the graph item component in the G band is greater than 0.8
- the crystal of the graphite component is insufficiently developed, and the electrostatic capacity per unit volume is insufficient.
- the carbon material for an electric double layer capacitor electrode of the present invention is made from graphitizable carbon as a raw material. can get.
- graphitizable carbon include carbonized petroleum cotas and coal pitch coke, and mesophase pitch and mesophase carbon fiber spun from it, which are infusible and carbonized. Petroleum coke is preferred, and petroleum raw coatus is particularly preferred.
- FIG. 3 shows the observation result of the carbon material for the electric double layer capacitor electrode of the present invention by an electron microscope. It is observed that crystallites in which several layers of 1 to 2 nm long dullite layers are stacked are arranged irregularly. In addition, these crystallites are swelled and curved, and the force S can be seen everywhere. Such crystallite layers and crystallite gaps form pores and are expected to exhibit a high specific surface area. Determined.
- the pore surface of the activated carbon is mainly formed from the crystal plane of the graphite layer crystallite, and the electric double layer of charge is formed on the plane. It is thought that it is formed.
- a capacitor electrode material with a large capacitance is required to have a high specific surface area and a highly crystalline structure.
- Petroleum raw coatus used as a starting material in the present invention is a laminated assembly of polycyclic aromatic compounds having alkyl side chains, and is a heat-infusible solid.
- Petroleum coke is a product mainly composed of solid carbon obtained by pyrolysis (coking) of heavy oil fractions at a high temperature of about 500 ° C. Called Kotas.
- the raw cotas produced by the delayed coking method have a volatile content of 6 to 13 mass%, and the raw cotus produced by the fluid coking method has a volatile content of 4 to 7 mass%.
- raw coatas produced by any method may be used, but fresh coatas produced by a delayed coking method that is easily available and stable in quality is particularly suitable.
- the raw petroleum coke thus obtained is calcined.
- the calcination is usually carried out in an inert gas in a temperature range of 500 to 900 ° C, more preferably 500 to 800 ° C.
- the rate of temperature rise is too slow, it takes time for the treatment process, and conversely, a too rapid temperature rise leads to explosive volatilization of volatile components, destroying the crystal structure, and A carbon material for a double layer capacitor electrode cannot be obtained, and the cost of the apparatus increases.
- it is desirable to set the heating rate at about 30 to 600 ° C / hour, more preferably about 60 to 300 ° C / hour.
- This holding time is, for example, about 10 minutes to 2 hours, and more preferably 30 minutes to 1 hour.
- the carbonized product obtained by firing in this way is activated by a known method to obtain activated carbon.
- the reaction conditions of the activation reaction in the activation process are not particularly limited as long as this reaction can be sufficiently advanced, and the activation reaction is performed under the same reaction conditions as known activation reactions performed in the production of normal activated carbon. It can be performed.
- the activation reaction in the activation step is performed by mixing an alkali metal hydroxide performed in normal activated carbon production with the carbonized product after calcination, preferably 400 ° C or higher, more preferably 600 ° C or higher, more preferably Can be performed by heating under high temperature conditions of 700 ° C or higher.
- the upper limit of the heating temperature is not particularly limited as long as it is a temperature at which the activation reaction proceeds without hindrance, but it is usually preferably 900 ° C or lower.
- alkali metal hydroxide used for the activation reaction in the activation process examples include KOH, NaOH, RbOH, and CsOH. Of these, KOH is preferred from the viewpoint of activation effect.
- the alkali activation method is usually performed by mixing an activator such as an alkali metal compound and a carbonized product and heating.
- the mixing ratio of the carbonized product and the activator is not particularly limited, but usually the mass ratio of the two (carbonized product: activator) is preferably in the range of 1: 0.5 to 1: 5. The range of 1-1: 3 is more preferable.
- the carbon material for an electric double layer capacitor electrode is usually obtained through alkali washing, acid washing, water washing, drying and pulverization processes.
- an alkali metal compound used as the activator, the amount of alkali metal remaining in the carbon material should be lower than a level that may adversely affect the electric double layer capacitor.
- a level that may adversely affect the electric double layer capacitor usually, for example, pH of washing wastewater It is desirable to perform cleaning so that the strength is reduced to about 8 and to remove as much metal as possible.
- the amount of alkali metal is preferably 1 000 mass ppm or less, more preferably 200 mass ppm or less.
- the pulverization step is performed by a known method, and it is usually desirable to obtain a fine powder having an average particle size of 0.5 to 50 ⁇ m, preferably about 1 to 20 m.
- the specific surface area by the BET method of the carbon material for the electric double layer capacitor electrode of the present invention obtained by the activation treatment in this way is 400 to 240. Preferably, it is 500 to 230 O mS / g, and more preferably 600 to 2200 m 2 Zg. If the specific surface area exceeds 2400 m 2 / g, the capacity per weight is saturated and the capacity per volume decreases, which is not preferable. If the specific surface area is less than 40 Om 2 / g, a satisfactory capacity cannot be obtained. Therefore, it is not preferable.
- the pore volume of activated carbon having a pore diameter of 0.1 to 50 nm by nitrogen gas adsorption method is 0.1 to 3 m 1 / g, preferably 0.2 to 2 ml Zg, and more preferably 0.25 to 2.5 ml / g.
- the pore volume of activated carbon having a pore diameter of 0.05 to 300 ⁇ m by mercury porosimetry is 0.4 to 5 m 1 / g, preferably 0.5 to 4.7 m 2 / g. More preferably, it is 0.6 to 4.5 m 2 / g.
- the electric double layer capacitor of the present invention will be described.
- the electric double layer capacitor of the present invention comprises an electrode containing the electrode carbon material prepared as described above.
- the electrode may be, for example, an electrode carbon material and a binder, more preferably a conductive agent, and may be an electrode integrated with a current collector.
- binder As the binder used here, known ones can be used, for example, polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, fluororefin butyl ether copolymer Fluorinated polymers such as coalesced polymers, celluloses such as carboxymethylcellulose, Examples include bulle polymers such as polybulurpyrrolidone and polyvinyl alcohol, and polyacrylic acid.
- the content of the binder in the electrode is not particularly limited, but is appropriately selected within the range of about 0.1 to 30% by mass with respect to the total amount of the electrode carbon material and the binder.
- the conductive agent powders such as carbon black, powder graphite, titanium oxide, ruthenium oxide are used.
- the blending amount of the conductive agent in the electrode is appropriately selected according to the blending purpose, but is usually 1 to 50% by mass, preferably 2 with respect to the total amount of the carbon material for the electrode, the binder and the conductive agent. It is appropriately selected within a range of about ⁇ 30% by mass.
- a known method is appropriately applied as a known method is appropriately applied. For example, a solvent having a property of dissolving the binder is added to the above components to form a slurry. A method of uniformly applying the product onto the current collector or a method of kneading the above components without adding a solvent and then performing pressure molding at normal temperature or under heating is employed.
- a material having a known material shape can be used as the current collector.
- a metal such as aluminum, titanium, tantalum, or nickel, or an alloy such as stainless steel can be used.
- the unit cell of the electric double layer capacitor of the present invention generally uses a pair of the above electrodes as a positive electrode and a negative electrode, faces each other via a separator (polypropylene fiber nonwoven fabric, glass fiber nonwoven fabric, synthetic cellulose paper, etc.), and is immersed in an electrolytic solution. It is formed by.
- a separator polypropylene fiber nonwoven fabric, glass fiber nonwoven fabric, synthetic cellulose paper, etc.
- the electrolytic solution a known aqueous electrolytic solution or organic electrolytic solution can be used, but it is more preferable to use an organic electrolytic solution.
- an organic electrolytic solution those used as a solvent for an electrochemical electrolytic solution can be used.
- propylene carbonate ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, ⁇ -propyl lactone, sulfolane, sulfolane derivatives, 3-Methylsulfolane, 1,2-dimethoxetane, acetonitrile, glutaronitrile, pareronitrile, dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran, dimethoxy cartene, methinorefluoroolate, dimethylolene carbonate, jetinole
- Examples thereof include carbonate and ethylmethyl carbonate.
- the supporting electrolyte in the organic electrolytic solution is not particularly limited, but various salts such as salts, acids, alkalis and the like that are usually used in the field of electrochemistry or the field of batteries can be used.
- alkali metal salts Inorganic ion salts such as alkaline earth metal salts, quaternary ammonium salts, cyclic quaternary ammonium salts, quaternary phosphonium salts, etc., (C 2 H 5 ) 4 NBF 4 , (C 2 H 5 ) 3 ( CH 3) NB F 4, ( C 2 H 5) 4 PB F 4, given as (C 2 H 5) a ( CH 3) those PBF 4 and the like are preferable.
- the concentration of these salts in the electrolytic solution is appropriately selected within a range of usually about 0.5 :! to 5 m 0 1/1, preferably about 0.5 to 3 mol / l.
- the specific configuration of the electric double layer capacitor is not particularly limited.
- a metal case with a separator interposed between a pair of thin sheet or disk electrodes (positive electrode and negative electrode) having a thickness of 10 to 500 ⁇ m examples include a coin type housed in a coil, a wound type in which a pair of electrodes are wound through a separator, and a stacked type in which a large number of electrode groups are stacked through a separator.
- the carbon material for an electrode of the electric double layer capacitor of the present invention has a high electrostatic capacity per unit volume of the electrode, and an electrode with a low cost can be obtained.
- Table 1 shows the physical properties of the petroleum raw coatas used.
- the measurement methods for volatile matter (VM), true density (RD), and hydrogen / carbon atomic ratio (H / C) are as follows.
- Volatile matter Measured according to the method described in JIS M88 1 2 “Coal and cokes—industrial analysis”.
- Petroleum raw coke was fired under the conditions shown in Table 2. At that time, the rate of temperature increase was set to 200 ° C./hour.
- the calcined carbide was mixed with 100 parts by mass of potassium hydroxide so that the mass was 220 parts by mass, and the activation reaction was allowed to proceed for 1 hour at 700 ° C in a nitrogen gas atmosphere. Washing with water and acid washing (using hydrochloric acid) were repeated to remove the remaining metallic strength from the carbon material, followed by drying to obtain an activated product (carbon material for an electric double layer capacitor electrode). About the obtained activation material, the Raman spectrum was calculated
- Raman spectrum measurement Measured at a laser wavelength of 5 3 2 nm using a microscopic laser Raman spectrometer (manufactured by Kaiser Hall Probe).
- Specific surface area Measured by nitrogen gas adsorption method (BET method).
- Capacitance The above coin cell was charged to 2.7 V at a constant current of 2 m ⁇ per 1 F. 30 minutes after charging, after holding at 2.7 V, 1 mA constant current discharge at 20 went. In the discharge curve, when 80% of the charging voltage is 1, 1% is 40%, the time it takes for the voltage to drop from 80% to 40% is ⁇ ⁇ , and the discharge current value is I.
- the capacitance [F] is calculated according to the following formula, and divided by the mass of the activated carbon contained in the electrode (total of the positive electrode and the negative electrode), the capacitance [FZg] per mass is calculated. The capacitance [FZc c] was calculated by multiplying this capacitance [F // g] by the electrode density [g / cc].
- Example 2 The same procedure as in Example 1 was performed except that phenol resin (Resitop PGA-4 5 2 8 manufactured by Gunei Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) carbonized at 700 ° C was used as the carbon material for the electrode. Then, an electric double layer capacitor was fabricated and the capacitance was measured. When the non-graphitizable carbon obtained by carbonizing such phenol resin is used as a raw material, the capacitance per unit volume of the electric double layer capacitor is 16 F / cc, and it is easily graphitized. Compared to Example 1 using a carbon material as a raw material, it was extremely low.
- phenol resin Resitop PGA-4 5 2 8 manufactured by Gunei Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
- An electric double layer capacitor was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that steam activated activated coconut shell activated carbon (Ajinomoto Fine Techno Co., Ltd. Y-1 80 C) was used as the electrode carbon material. The capacity was measured. When the non-graphitizable carbon obtained by carbonizing the coconut shell is used as the raw material, the capacitance per unit volume of the electric double layer capacitor is 19 F / cc, and the graphitizable carbon material is used as the raw material. Compared to Example 1, it was extremely low.
- FIG. 1 shows a Raman spectrum of the carbon material for an electric double layer capacitor electrode of the present invention.
- Fig. 2 shows an example of the curve fitting process for the Raman spectrum of Fig. 1.
- FIG. 3 shows an electron micrograph of the carbon material for an electric double layer capacitor electrode of the present invention.
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Abstract
L'invention concerne un charbon actif utilisant un carbone pouvant facilement être graphitisé en tant que matière première, ledit charbon actif étant utilisé en tant que matériau d'électrode de faible coût pour des condensateurs électriques à double couche ayant une capacitance par unité de volume de l'électrode élevée. L'invention concerne notamment un matériau carboné pour électrodes de condensateur électrique à double couche, caractérisé en ce que, dans le spectre Raman, le rapport de l'intensité du pic du composant carboné amorphe de la bande G et de l'intensité du pic du composant graphite de la bande G est compris entre 0,01 et 0,60 et le rapport de l'intensité du pic du composant graphite de la bande D et de l'intensité du pic du composant graphite de la bande G est compris entre 0,01 et 0,80.
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JP2008515606A JPWO2007132936A1 (ja) | 2006-05-15 | 2007-05-15 | 電気二重層キャパシタ電極用炭素材およびこれを用いた電気二重層キャパシタ |
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Cited By (2)
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JP2015220152A (ja) * | 2014-05-20 | 2015-12-07 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 負極活物質、アルカリイオン二次電池及び電気キャパシタ |
JP2017147338A (ja) * | 2016-02-17 | 2017-08-24 | 株式会社キャタラー | キャパシタ用炭素材料及びキャパシタ |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPH1131637A (ja) * | 1997-05-16 | 1999-02-02 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | 電気二重層キャパシタ、そのための炭素材料及び電極 |
WO2001093289A1 (fr) * | 2000-05-31 | 2001-12-06 | Kanebo, Limited | Materiau d'electrode et condensateur |
JP2003077767A (ja) * | 2001-08-31 | 2003-03-14 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | 電気二重層キャパシタ |
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2007
- 2007-05-15 WO PCT/JP2007/060302 patent/WO2007132936A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2007-05-15 JP JP2008515606A patent/JPWO2007132936A1/ja active Pending
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JPH1131637A (ja) * | 1997-05-16 | 1999-02-02 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | 電気二重層キャパシタ、そのための炭素材料及び電極 |
WO2001093289A1 (fr) * | 2000-05-31 | 2001-12-06 | Kanebo, Limited | Materiau d'electrode et condensateur |
JP2003077767A (ja) * | 2001-08-31 | 2003-03-14 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | 電気二重層キャパシタ |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2015220152A (ja) * | 2014-05-20 | 2015-12-07 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 負極活物質、アルカリイオン二次電池及び電気キャパシタ |
JP2017147338A (ja) * | 2016-02-17 | 2017-08-24 | 株式会社キャタラー | キャパシタ用炭素材料及びキャパシタ |
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