WO2007108387A1 - 画像投射装置、画像投射スクリーンおよび画像表示システム - Google Patents
画像投射装置、画像投射スクリーンおよび画像表示システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007108387A1 WO2007108387A1 PCT/JP2007/055102 JP2007055102W WO2007108387A1 WO 2007108387 A1 WO2007108387 A1 WO 2007108387A1 JP 2007055102 W JP2007055102 W JP 2007055102W WO 2007108387 A1 WO2007108387 A1 WO 2007108387A1
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- signal
- image projection
- image
- luminance
- light
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
- G03B21/54—Accessories
- G03B21/56—Projection screens
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
- H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
- H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
- H04N9/3102—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM] using two-dimensional electronic spatial light modulators
- H04N9/3105—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM] using two-dimensional electronic spatial light modulators for displaying all colours simultaneously, e.g. by using two or more electronic spatial light modulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
- H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
- H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
- H04N9/3129—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM] scanning a light beam on the display screen
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
- H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
- H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
- H04N9/3179—Video signal processing therefor
- H04N9/3182—Colour adjustment, e.g. white balance, shading or gamut
Definitions
- Image projection apparatus image projection screen, and image display system
- the present invention relates to an image projection device that displays an image on a screen, a screen, and an image display system including the screen, and more particularly, to an image quality improvement technique.
- An image projection apparatus displays an image on a screen by projecting light onto the screen.
- the image projection apparatus and the screen have been improved conventionally.
- an image display (modulation) system and a high efficiency of the modulation element are achieved.
- image projection screens high reflection and high contrast screens have been proposed.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an image projection screen including a polarization selective reflection layer having a cholesteric liquid crystal structure that selectively reflects light of a specific polarization component.
- Patent Document 2 discloses that an optical thin film having a high refractive index and a lower refractive index optical thin film are alternately laminated to form light (R, G, B) in a plurality of specific wavelength ranges.
- a selective wavelength reflection type image projection screen having high reflection characteristics is disclosed!
- Patent Document 3 discloses an image projection apparatus including a laser light source that emits light of two of the three primary colors of light and an excitation light source laser that emits excitation light, and a wavelength for one color in which the excitation light remains.
- a wavelength conversion type image projection screen having a fluorescent substance to be converted is disclosed.
- Patent Document 4 has the highest specific visual sensitivity of the human eye, and a light absorption layer such as a light absorption ink cover that absorbs light near 575 nm is provided on the screen to break the gray balance of the projected image. Please disclose the reflection type image projection screen! /
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-292423
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-202029
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-287802
- Patent Document 4 JP-A-6-82915
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and provides an image projection apparatus, an image projection screen, and an image display system in which the black float is suppressed and the contrast is increased even in an environment of bright external light. With the goal.
- An image projection apparatus of the present invention is an image projection apparatus that includes a first light source that outputs visible light and a second light source that outputs invisible light, and projects the visible light and the invisible light onto a screen.
- the screen includes a material that changes at least one of reflectance, transmittance, and absorption rate of visible light when the invisible light is projected, and the image projection device includes the visible light and the visible light. It further comprises: a modulation unit that modulates the intensity of the invisible light based on an image signal; and a control unit that controls the modulation unit.
- the modulation unit modulates the intensity of the invisible light based on a luminance signal corresponding to the image signal.
- the image signal is an RGB signal
- the control unit converts the RGB signal into the luminance signal
- the modulating unit modulates the intensity of the invisible light based on a luminance inversion signal obtained by inverting a luminance signal corresponding to the image signal.
- a correction unit that corrects the luminance inversion signal is further provided.
- the correction unit corrects the luminance level of the luminance inversion signal, corrects to cut off a portion of the luminance inversion signal that is equal to or lower than a predetermined luminance level, and predetermined intermediate of the luminance inversion signal. Perform at least one of the correction that cuts off the brightness level and the gamma correction.
- the image processing device further includes at least one of an illuminance detection unit that detects the illuminance of the image projection region and a temperature detection unit that detects a temperature of the image projection region, and the correction unit includes the image The brightness based on at least one of illuminance and temperature of the projection area Correct the inverted signal.
- control unit further includes at least one of an illuminance detection unit that detects illuminance of the image projection region and a temperature detection unit that detects a temperature of the image projection region. Based on at least one of illuminance and temperature of the projection area, at least one of irradiation energy and irradiation time of the invisible light is adjusted.
- a scanning unit having a reflective surface that reflects and projects the visible light and the invisible light output from the first and second light sources, and a driving unit that drives the scanning unit. And further comprising.
- the material of the screen is a photochromic compound.
- the photochromic compound includes a transparent material.
- the photochromic compound comprises an opaque material.
- At least one of the reflectance, the transmittance, and the absorption rate of the screen varies according to irradiation energy of the invisible light.
- At least one of the reflectance, the transmittance, and the absorption rate of the screen varies according to the irradiation time of the invisible light.
- the screen includes the material provided on at least one of a projection surface of the screen and a back surface of the projection surface.
- An image display system of the present invention includes the image projection device and the screen.
- the screen of the present invention is characterized in that it has a material that changes at least one of reflectance, transmittance, and absorption rate of visible light when invisible light is projected.
- the material of the screen is a photochromic compound.
- the photochromic compound includes a transparent material.
- the photochromic compound comprises an opaque material.
- At least one of the reflectance, the transmittance, and the absorption rate of the screen varies according to irradiation energy of the invisible light.
- at least one of the reflectance, the transmittance, and the absorption rate of the screen changes according to the irradiation time of the invisible light.
- the screen includes the material provided on at least one of a projection surface of the screen and a back surface of the projection surface.
- the image projection apparatus includes a first light source that outputs visible light and a second light source that outputs invisible light.
- the screen has a material in which at least one of the reflectance, transmittance, and absorption rate of visible light is changed by projecting invisible light.
- An image is displayed by modulating the intensity of visible light and invisible light based on the image signal and projecting it on the screen. Displayed black on the screen!
- By projecting invisible light to the / ⁇ area the characteristics of that area become suitable for black display, so it is possible to realize high-contrast image display that suppresses black floating even in bright external light environments. it can.
- the screen comprises a photochromic compound.
- the photochromic effect is a light modulation effect due to the material, so it is highly reliable and maintenance-free.
- the photochromic compound layer can also serve as a reflective image projection screen structure layer.
- the light source is a lamp light source such as xenon or LED, or a semiconductor light source.
- Invisible light is also modulated based on a luminance signal corresponding to an image signal similar to visible light.
- invisible light is modulated based on a luminance inversion signal obtained by inverting the luminance signal. This makes it possible to project invisible light having an appropriate intensity for image display.
- the image signal is an RGB signal
- a luminance signal is converted and generated from the RGB signal.
- a luminance signal can be obtained from various image signals.
- image projection is performed by correcting a luminance inversion signal or adjusting irradiation energy and irradiation time of invisible light according to the illuminance and temperature of the image projection region.
- Image projection suitable for the state of the region can be performed.
- FIG. 1] (a) to (c) are diagrams showing a transmissive image projection screen according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- 2] A diagram showing a base material layer of the transmission type image projection screen according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 A diagram showing a transmissive image projection screen according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an image display system according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an image display system according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing signal processing of a control unit according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing gradation level correction of a luminance inversion signal according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- 12 It is a diagram showing partial gradation level truncation correction of a luminance inversion signal according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating halftone level truncation correction of a luminance inversion signal according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 (a) and (b) are flowcharts showing signal processing of a control unit according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
- FIG. 17] (a) to (c) are diagrams showing a scanning method according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing an image display system according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
- FIG. 19 is a flowchart showing signal processing of a control unit according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
- FIG. 20 (a) to (c) are diagrams for explaining the timing of irradiating invisible light, the irradiation time, and the irradiation intensity according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention. Explanation of symbols
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a transmissive image projection screen 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 (a) shows a transmissive image projection screen 1 when used in a dark place.
- FIG. 1 (b) shows the transmissive image projection screen 1 when used in a light place.
- FIG. 1 (c) shows the transmissive image projection screen 1 in a bright place where invisible light is projected.
- the transmissive image projection screen 1 is used for, for example, a rear projection television.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a base material layer of the transmissive image projection screen 1.
- FIG. 3 is a view showing a transmissive image projection screen 1 having a structure different from the structure shown in FIG.
- a transmissive image projection screen 1 includes a base material layer 2 and a photochromic compound layer 3.
- the base material layer 2 has a structure in which, for example, as shown in FIG. 2, a layer in which the Fresnel lens 7 is formed, a layer in which the lenticular lens 8 is formed, and a layer in which the light absorbing portion 9 is formed are stacked.
- the photochromic compound layer 3 has a transparent material and efficiently transmits the projected visible light beam.
- visible light is the three primary colors red (R), green (G), and blue.
- RGB light There are three types of light (Lu), and here, the three primary colors are collectively called RGB light.
- An image is formed by combining R light, G light, and B light.
- the visible light used in the present invention is not limited to RGB, and may be light of other colors such as cyan, magenta and yellow.
- the photochromic compound layer 3 reacts with an ultraviolet (UV) light beam, which is an invisible light beam, to reduce the reflectance of visible light and increase the absorption rate.
- UV ultraviolet
- the transmissive image projection screen 1 the side on which the projected image is viewed with the pupil 4 is the front side of the screen 1.
- the visible light beam and the invisible light beam are projected from the back side of the screen 1, for example, as shown in FIG.
- the portion of the transmissive image projection screen 1 where a black image or a dark image close to black is to be displayed is not irradiated with RGB light or is hardly irradiated. Then, black or a dark image close to black is displayed.
- the image of the part not irradiated with RGB light is black due to the influence of the reflected light (White) of the external light 5 such as illumination incident on the surface 1 of the screen 1 It will float.
- the structure of the image projection screen is not limited to the structure described above.
- the photochromic compound layer 3 may be used instead of the two-layer structure of the layer formed with the lenticular lens 8 and the layer formed with the light absorbing portion 9 shown in FIG. If the two-layer structure of the layer where the lenticular lens 8 is formed and the layer where the light-absorbing portion 9 is formed becomes unnecessary, it is not necessary to prepare this structure layer and adjust the position with the Fresnel lens 7, thereby simplifying the manufacturing process. Can hesitate.
- the photochromic compound layer 3 is provided on only one surface on the front side, but it may be provided on both surfaces including the back side. Rear project In the case of Chillon TV, visible light (stray light) other than the image display beam generated from the TV case
- Examples of the photochromic compound include a spiropyran compound, a spiroxazine compound, a fulgide compound, a diaryl ether compound, and an azobenzene compound.
- the photochromic compound layer includes at least one of these photochromic compounds and a binder resin for applying or mixing the photochromic compound.
- a material for the binder resin it is preferable to use a material that has excellent transparency and does not adversely affect the reaction of the photochromic compound.
- a photochromic compound develops color when irradiated with ultraviolet light and is decolored when irradiated with visible light. Visible light used for decoloring is visible light for image display projected from the image display device.
- the color development (photo-decoloration) using ultraviolet light and visible light will be described, but infrared light may be used instead of ultraviolet light.
- a portion (pixel) displaying a black or dark image is irradiated with ultraviolet light, and the photochromic compound layer displays a gray scale (black) corresponding to the amount of irradiation light.
- the dark spot is irradiated with visible light and begins to brighten, the photochromic compound layer disappears.
- the timing of decoloring can be controlled by setting the amount of visible light that decolorizes the photochromic compound layer to a predetermined amount.
- the grayscale display is maintained until a predetermined amount of visible light is irradiated. In order to maintain the gray scale display, it is desirable to irradiate ultraviolet light regularly or keep irradiating it.
- the photochromic compound layer may be colored by heat and decolorized by light!
- the photochromic compound is formed by superposing a transparent conductive film on the photochromic compound layer and energizing the transparent conductive film to generate heat.
- the layer can be colored.
- the decoloring is performed by irradiation with visible light.
- the transparent electrode transparent conductive film + electrode
- the transparent conductive film + electrode is disposed on one surface (front surface or back surface) or both surfaces of the photochromic compound layer.
- spiropyran compounds are colored by heat.
- the screen may be colored by using the electochromic effect.
- the configuration of the screen for rear projection for example, there are configurations shown in the following (1) to (8).
- Base material Z Transparent electrode Z Photochromic compound layer Z Transparent electrode Z Invisible light absorbing film Z Invisible light reflecting film
- the basic configuration is the configuration shown in (1) and (2).
- the position of the transparent electrode is switched.
- (3) to (8) show screen configurations in which the photochromic compound layer is colored by heat and decolored by light.
- the photochromic compound layer is replaced with the electochromic compound layer.
- a screen configuration using both the photochromic effect and the electochromic effect may be employed.
- the characteristic of the invisible light absorbing film of the rear projection screen shown in (1) above is that it absorbs (not transmits!) Invisible light from the image projection device and invisible light from outside light. Therefore, the amount of invisible light from the image projector and invisible light from outside light is high! It is designed accordingly.
- the amount of ultraviolet light from a general fluorescent lamp is tens of z / z W Zcm2
- the amount of ultraviolet light from sunlight through the glass in fine weather is 100 ⁇ WZcm2 or less (depending on the thickness and type of glass). Design in consideration of the fact that it will change greatly).
- the characteristic of the invisible light absorbing film of the screen for rear projection shown in (2) above needs to absorb (not transmit) invisible light from the image projection apparatus. It is designed appropriately according to the amount of invisible light.
- the characteristic of the invisible reflection film of the screen for rear projection shown in (2) above is that it is necessary to reflect (do not transmit) invisible light from outside light. Reflecting properties are preferred. However, there is no problem even if the amount of light transmitted through the photochromic compound layer is such that almost no photochromic effect occurs.
- Photochromic compounds whose properties change with temperature include spiropyran compounds and spirooxazine compounds.
- the galley ether compound is used as a recording material of an optical disc and reacts very quickly to light, and is suitable for displaying moving images.
- the reaction is slow and materials can be used.
- near infrared light or near ultraviolet light may be used in addition to ultraviolet light.
- the photochromic compound layer 3 when the photochromic compound layer 3 is protected by a film or the like and can be easily carried, it can be superposed on an already installed transmission type image projection screen or ground glass used as a transmission type image projection screen. It is also possible to superimpose a diffusion sheet or a transparent glass with a smooth surface on which a diffusion sheet is attached.
- the photochromic compound is a material that can be easily applied, it can be applied by spraying or in the form of a liquid.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a reflective image projection screen 11 according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 (a) shows the reflective image projection screen 11 when used in a dark place.
- FIG. 4 (b) shows the reflective image projection screen 11 when used in a light place.
- Figure 4 (c) shows the reflective image projection screen 11 in a bright place with invisible light projected. Yes.
- the reflective image projection screen 11 is used, for example, for a projector.
- the reflective image projection screen 11 includes a base material layer 12 and a photochromic compound layer 13.
- the base material layer 12 has, for example, a projector screen structure having a concavo-convex surface and a white color.
- the photochromic compound layer 13 has a transparent material and efficiently transmits a visible light beam.
- the photochromic compound layer 13 reacts with an ultraviolet (UV) light beam, which is an invisible light beam, to reduce the visible light transmittance and increase the absorption rate.
- UV ultraviolet
- the side on which the projected image is viewed with the pupil 4 is the front side of the screen 11.
- RGB light and UV light are projected from the front side of the screen 11.
- the image on the reflective image projection screen 11 is close to black or black! Therefore, black or dark images close to black are displayed in the dark.
- Fig. 4 (b) in the bright place, the image of the portion not irradiated with RGB light is blackened due to the influence of the reflected light (White) of the external light 5 incident on the surface 11 of the screen 11. End up.
- the photochromic compound layer 13 reacts with the UV light in the UV light irradiation region, and visible light is emitted. As a result, the permeability decreases and the absorption increases. If the location where the UV light is irradiated corresponds to a pixel displaying black or a dark image that is close to black, the external light 5 that has entered the location is absorbed by the photochromic compound layer 13 and the external light Since the amount of reflected light of 5 decreases, black float can be suppressed.
- the black floating of the screen due to the external light 5 or the like can be suppressed, and the contrast can be increased even in a bright place.
- the structure of the image projection screen is not limited to the structure described above.
- One side (front side) is a white screen that emphasizes the brightness of the reflected light from the screen
- the other side (back side) is a gray screen that emphasizes enhancing the contrast of the image.
- As the screen configuration for front projection for example, there are configurations shown in the following (1) to (4).
- the basic configuration is the configuration shown in (1).
- the positions of the transparent electrodes are switched.
- the configurations shown in (2) to (4) show screen configurations in which the photochromic compound layer is colored by heat and decolored by light.
- a threshold is set for the invisible light absorbing film of the front projection screen, and the image projection apparatus projects invisible light equal to or greater than the threshold.
- the threshold value is appropriately determined in relation to the photochromic effect obtained by transmitting the invisible light projected from the image projection apparatus through the invisible light absorbing film.
- near infrared light or near ultraviolet light may be used in addition to ultraviolet light.
- a whiteboard that can be superposed on a reflection image projection screen that has already been installed or can be used as a reflection image projection screen. It is also possible to overlap the wall with a smooth surface.
- the photochromic compound is a material that can be easily applied, it can be applied by spraying or in the form of a liquid.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a reflective image projection screen 14 according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 (a) shows the reflective image projection screen 14 when used in a dark place.
- FIG. 5 (b) shows the reflective image projection screen 14 when used in a light place.
- Figure 5 (c) shows a reflective image projection screen in a bright place with invisible light projected.
- the reflective image projection screen 14 is used, for example, for a projector.
- the reflective image projection screen 14 includes a base material layer 15 and a photochromic compound layer 16.
- the color of the base material layer 15 is, for example, black.
- the photochromic compound layer 16 has an opaque material, and has a screen structure for a projector having a concavo-convex surface and a white color.
- the visible light beam is efficiently reflected by the photochromic compound layer 16.
- the photochromic compound layer 16 reacts with an ultraviolet light (UV light) beam that is an invisible light beam, whereby the reflectance of visible light decreases and the transmittance increases.
- UV light ultraviolet light
- the side on which the projected image is viewed with the pupil 4 is the front side of the screen 14.
- RGB light and UV light are also projected on the front side of the screen 14.
- the portion of the reflective image projection screen 14 where the image is to be displayed in black or black is not irradiated with RGB light or is hardly irradiated. In a dark place, black or a dark image close to black is expressed. However, as shown in Fig. 5 (b), in the bright place, the image of the portion not irradiated with RGB light is black due to the influence of the reflected light (White) of the external light 5 that the front side force of the screen 14 is also incident on. It will float.
- the photochromic compound layer 16 reacts with the UV light in the UV light irradiation region, and visible light is emitted.
- the reflectance increases and the transmittance increases. If the location where the UV light is irradiated is close to the black or black color of the image display, and the image is displayed, the external light 5 incident on the location is transmitted through the photochromic compound layer 16. Reflected by the base material 15. Since the base material 15 is black, most of the incident light is absorbed and black is displayed at that location, and black float is suppressed.
- the invisible light that reacts with the photochromic compound layer 16 in addition to ultraviolet light, near infrared light or a near ultraviolet light beam may be used.
- the color of the base material layer is not limited to black, which may be gray.
- the photochromic compound layer 16 when the photochromic compound layer 16 is protected by a film or the like and can be easily carried, it can be overlapped with a contrast-oriented reflection-type image projection screen that has already been installed or used as a reflection-type image projection screen.
- the blackboard and surface that can be substituted are smooth It is also possible to superimpose it on a wall or the like where the color is dark and there is almost no color unevenness.
- the photochromic compound when it is a material that can be easily applied, it can be applied by spraying or liquid.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the image display system of the present embodiment.
- the image display system includes an image projection device 100 and an image projection screen 36.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a signal processing flow executed by the control unit 29.
- Figure 8 shows the image signal 2
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing 8 luminance signals 37 and a luminance inversion signal 38 generated by inverting the luminance signal 37.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing 8 luminance signals 37 and a luminance inversion signal 38 generated by inverting the luminance signal 37.
- image projection apparatus 100 includes a visible light source 21, a collimating lens 22, an R filter 31, a G filter 32, a B filter 33, and a visible light source spatial modulation element 23.
- the control unit 29 includes a visible light source control unit 29a and an invisible light source control unit 29b.
- the spatial modulation element driving unit 30 includes a visible light source spatial modulation element driving unit 30a and an invisible light source spatial modulation element driving unit 30b.
- the visible light source 21 outputs visible light
- the invisible light source 25 outputs invisible light.
- Spatial modulation elements 23 and 34 and spatial modulation element drive unit 30 modulate the intensities of visible light and invisible light based on the image signal.
- the spatial modulation elements 23 and 34 and the spatial modulation element driving unit 30 may be collectively referred to as a modulation unit.
- the control unit 29 controls the operation of the spatial modulation element driving unit 30 based on the image signal, so that the spatial modulation elements 23 and 34 modulate the intensity of visible light and invisible light.
- the visible light beams emitted from the three visible light sources 21 corresponding to RGB are narrowed down by the corresponding collimating lenses 22 and transmitted through the R filter 31, the G filter 32 and the B filter 33, and RGB. Each light beam is obtained.
- Each RGB light beam is modulated by a spatial light modulator for visible light source 23 (for example, a transmissive liquid crystal element), and a dike port. Synthesized by the ITSK Prism 24.
- the invisible light beam emitted from the invisible light source 25 is narrowed down by a collimating lens 22, modulated by a spatial modulation element 34 (for example, a transmissive liquid crystal element) for the invisible light source, and synthesized by a dichroic prism 24.
- the beam splitter 26 combine to form a projection beam, which is projected from the projection lens 27 onto the image projection screen 36 to form an image in the projection area 35.
- An image signal 28 indicating an image to be displayed is input to the control units 29a and 29b.
- the control units 29a and 29b output a control signal corresponding to the image signal 28 to the spatial modulation element driving units 3 Oa and 30b.
- the spatial modulation element driving units 30a and 30b drive the spatial modulation elements 23 and 34 according to the control signal, so that the spatial modulation element 23 modulates the intensity of the visible light beam according to the image signal, and the spatial modulation element 23 34 modulates the intensity of the invisible light beam according to the image signal 28.
- the invisible light source control unit 29b generates a luminance inversion signal obtained by inverting the luminance signal of the image signal 28, and outputs it as a control signal to the invisible light source spatial modulation element driving unit 30b.
- the image signal 28 is a general NTSC (National Television System Committee) video (video) signal
- a luminance signal a color difference signal (R—luminance signal, B—luminance signal)
- an audio signal are obtained.
- Luminance signal can be obtained by adding RGB signals at a predetermined ratio.
- Luminance signal 0. 299 * R + 0. 587 * G + 0. 114 Water B (Formula: 0
- the control unit 29a performs RGB signal conversion processing according to (Equation 1) to (Equation 3) to obtain an RGB signal.
- This RGB signal is input to the visible light source modulation element driving unit 30a.
- the RGB signal is input to the visible light source modulation element driving unit 30a.
- the image signal 28 is a general NTSC video signal
- a luminance signal, a color difference signal, and an audio signal are obtained.
- the control unit 29b performs luminance inversion signal processing on the luminance signal 37 to obtain a V ⁇ luminance inversion signal.
- This luminance inversion signal is input to the invisible light source modulation element driving unit 30b.
- the RGB signal also includes a luminance signal
- the luminance signal 37 is obtained by adding the RGB signals at a predetermined ratio shown in (Equation 1). be able to.
- the luminance signal 37 is inverted to obtain a luminance inverted signal. This luminance inversion signal is input to the modulation element driving unit 30b for the invisible light source.
- FIG. 8 (a) shows the luminance signal 37.
- the luminance signal 37 within a certain control time range (within the range shown on the horizontal axis in Fig. 8 (a)) is expressed by gradation levels (luminance levels) from 0 to 255.
- FIG. 8 (b) shows the luminance inversion signal 38 within a certain control time range.
- the luminance inverted signal 38 is a signal obtained by inverting the luminance signal 37.
- the image projection screen 36 (Fig. 6) includes the components shown in Fig. 4, for example.
- the image projection screen 36 reflects the projection light of the image projection device 100 to display an image, and a photochromic compound layer 13 including a transparent material provided on the surface of the base material layer 12. With.
- the visible light beam projected from the image projector 100 is reflected by the base material layer 12 to display an image, and the invisible light beam reacts with the photochromic compound layer 13 to reduce the visible light transmittance. Increase the absorption rate.
- An image display system is constructed by a combination of the image projection device 100 and the image projection screen 36.
- the control unit 29b stores the luminance signal corresponding to the image to be displayed and the luminance signals before and after the luminance signal.
- the luminance signals are compared with each other (luminance signal comparison processing). As a result of comparison, if a dark display continues for a predetermined time or longer for a certain display location, the intensity of the invisible light beam is increased and the irradiation time is lengthened. In addition, when dark display is short for a certain display area, the intensity of the invisible light beam is reduced and the irradiation time is shortened.
- the image projection apparatus 100 includes the invisible light source 25 in addition to the visible light source 21, and the invisible light beam is combined with the visible light beam and projected onto the image projection screen 36.
- the base material layer 12 displays an image corresponding to the visible light beam, and the invisible light beam reacts with the photochromic compound layer 13 to reduce the visible light transmittance and increase the absorption rate.
- the portion where the transmittance of visible light is decreased to increase the absorption rate is made to correspond to a pixel that is close to black or black and is displaying an image. Since the external light 5 incident on this portion is absorbed by the photochromic compound layer 13, an image display system can be obtained in which the screen is not floated by the external light 5 or the like and the contrast is increased.
- a reflective liquid crystal element or an optical element called a digital mirror device may be used as the spatial modulation element for light beam modulation.
- Digital mirror devices display images by digitally tilting micromirrors arranged in a matrix.
- the configuration of the optical system included in the image projection apparatus 100 is an example, and the number of light sources and various components such as a collimating lens and a prism are set in various ways.
- near infrared light or near ultraviolet light may be used in addition to ultraviolet light.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an image display system according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a signal processing flow executed by the control unit 39.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the luminance inversion signal before correction and the luminance inversion signal after correction.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a correction process for discarding a part of the luminance inversion signal.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing correction processing for truncating the intermediate gradation level portion of the luminance inversion signal.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing gamma correction processing for the luminance inversion signal.
- the image projection apparatus 101 shown in Fig. 9 includes the elements described below.
- Visible light beams emitted from a plurality of light sources 21 are narrowed down by collimating lenses 22 corresponding to the respective light beams, pass through an R filter 31, a G filter 32, and a B filter 33, and each of the RGB light beams. Is obtained.
- Each RGB beam is modulated by a spatial light modulator 23 for a visible light source and synthesized by a dichroic prism 24.
- the invisible light beam emitted from the invisible light source 25 is narrowed down by the collimating lens 22, modulated by the invisible light beam spatial modulation element 34, and synthesized by the dichroic prism 24 and the light beam splitter 26.
- the projection beam 27 is projected onto the image projection screen 36 to form an image in the projection area 35.
- the control unit 39 included in the image projection apparatus 101 includes a visible light source control unit 39a and an invisible light source control unit 39b.
- An image signal 28 indicating an image to be displayed is input to the control units 39a and 39b.
- the control units 39a and 39b output control signals corresponding to the image signal 28 to the spatial modulation element driving units 30a and 30b.
- the spatial modulation element driving units 30a and 30b drive the spatial modulation elements 23 and 34 according to the control signal, so that the spatial modulation element 23 modulates the intensity of the visible light beam according to the image signal.
- the modulation element 34 modulates the intensity of the invisible light beam according to the image signal 28.
- the invisible light source control unit 39b generates a luminance inversion signal obtained by inverting the luminance signal of the image signal 28, and outputs it as a control signal to the invisible light source spatial modulation element driving unit 30b.
- the image projection apparatus 101 includes an illuminance detector 40 and a temperature detector 41.
- the illuminance detector 40 detects the illuminance around the image projection screen 36 including the image projection area 35, and inputs an illuminance detection signal indicating the detected illumination to the invisible light source controller 39b.
- the temperature detector 41 detects the temperature around the image projection screen 36 including the image projection area 35, and inputs a temperature detection signal indicating the detected temperature to the invisible light source control unit 39b.
- the detection of the illuminance or temperature of the illuminance detector 40 or the temperature detector 41 is performed at the timing of at least one of the image projections before the image is projected when the image projection device 101 is turned on. .
- the signal processing flow of the visible light source control unit 39a is the same as the signal processing flow of the visible light source control unit 29a shown in Fig. 7 (a).
- Image signal 28 is a standard NTSC video
- a luminance signal a color difference signal (R—luminance signal, B—luminance signal), and an audio signal are obtained.
- the luminance signal can be obtained by adding RGB signals at a predetermined ratio and is expressed by (Equation 1).
- Each color difference signal is expressed by (Equation 2) and (Equation 3).
- RGB signal conversion processing according to (Equation 1) to (Equation 3) is performed to obtain an RGB signal. This RGB signal is input to the visible light source modulation element driving unit 30a.
- the RGB signal is input to the visible light source modulation element driving unit 30a.
- the operation is the same as the operation up to the luminance signal inversion processing described with reference to (b).
- the image signal 28 is a general NTSC video signal
- a luminance signal 37 is obtained.
- the luminance signal 37 is inverted to obtain a luminance inverted signal.
- the RGB signal also includes a luminance signal
- the luminance signal 37 is obtained by adding the RGB signals at a predetermined ratio shown in (Equation 1). be able to.
- the luminance signal 37 is inverted to obtain a luminance inverted signal.
- FIG. 8A shows the luminance signal 37 and FIG. 8B shows the luminance inversion signal 38.
- the invisible light source control unit 39b includes a luminance inversion signal correction unit 42.
- the luminance inversion signal 38 is input to the luminance inversion signal correction unit 42, and gradation level correction processing is performed to obtain a luminance inversion signal for driving the spatial modulation element 34.
- This luminance inversion signal is input to the modulation element driving unit 30b for the invisible light source.
- the correction process executed by the luminance inversion signal correction unit 42 will be described with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 11 shows the luminance inversion signal before correction and the luminance inversion signal after correction when performing gradation level (brightness level) correction within a certain control time range.
- the dotted line portion is the luminance inversion signal 38 before the gradation level correction
- the solid line portion is the luminance inversion signal 38a after the gradation level correction.
- the gradation level is constantly reduced.
- the illuminance detection signal output from the illuminance detector 40 is input to the luminance inversion signal correction unit 42, Correction of the luminance level (gradation level) of the luminance inversion signal for driving the spatial modulation element 34 is performed according to the illuminance detection signal.
- the temperature detection signal output from the temperature detector 41 is input to the luminance inversion signal correction unit 42, and corrects the luminance level (gradation level) of the luminance inversion signal for driving the spatial modulation element 34. Temperature This is performed according to the detection signal.
- image projection screen 36 (FIG. 9) includes, for example, the components shown in FIG.
- the image projection screen 36 includes a base material layer 12 and a photochromic compound layer 13 including a transparent material provided on the surface of the base material layer 12.
- the visible light beam projected from the image projector 101 is reflected by the base material layer 12 to display an image, and the invisible light beam reacts with the photochromic compound layer 13 to reduce the transmittance of visible light. Increase the absorption rate.
- An image display system is constructed by a combination of the image projection device 101 and the image projection screen 36.
- control unit 39b stores a luminance signal corresponding to an image to be displayed and luminance signals before and after the luminance signal and compares the luminance signals with each other (luminance signal comparison processing). As a result of comparison, if a dark display continues for a predetermined time or longer at a certain display location, the intensity of the invisible light beam is increased and the irradiation time is lengthened. In addition, when dark display is short for a certain display location, the intensity of the invisible light beam is reduced and the irradiation time is shortened.
- the image projection apparatus 101 includes the invisible light source 25 in addition to the visible light source 21, and the invisible light beam is combined with the visible light beam and projected onto the image projection screen 36.
- the base material layer 12 displays an image corresponding to the visible light beam, and the invisible light beam reacts with the photochromic compound layer 13 to reduce the visible light transmittance and increase the absorption rate.
- the portion where the transmittance of visible light is decreased to increase the absorption rate is made to correspond to a pixel that is close to black or black and is displaying an image. Since the external light 5 incident on this point is absorbed by the photochromic compound layer 13, the contrast of the screen is suppressed by preventing the screen from being floated by the external light 5 and the like. An image display system with improved image quality can be obtained.
- the luminance inversion signal correction unit 42 appropriately corrects the luminance inversion signal 38 in accordance with the external environment of the apparatus, so that the screen can be further prevented from being blackened and the contrast can be increased.
- a reflective liquid crystal element or an optical element called a digital mirror device may be used as the spatial modulation element for light beam modulation.
- DMD digital mirror device
- the configuration of the optical system included in the image projection apparatus 101 is an example, and the number of light sources and the components such as the collimating lens and the prism are variously set.
- near infrared light or near ultraviolet light may be used in addition to ultraviolet light.
- the correction that reduces the gradation level by a fixed level is an example for the gradation level (brightness level) correction, and depends on the brightness of the image projection screen 36 including the projection area 35. Since the gradation level is corrected, the gradation level may be increased constantly.
- the correction of the luminance inversion signal includes correction for truncating the luminance inversion signal below a predetermined luminance level, correction for discarding only a predetermined intermediate luminance level, luminance level exceeding the gradation level, or luminance intermediate position. There is a gamma correction to correct.
- the correction process executed by the luminance inversion signal correction unit 42 will be described with reference to FIGS.
- FIG. 12 shows a correction process in which a portion below a predetermined gradation level (luminance level) of a luminance inversion signal within a certain control time range is discarded.
- a one-dot chain line indicates a predetermined gradation level.
- the dotted line portion shows the luminance inversion signal 38 before correction, and the solid line portion shows the luminance inversion signal 38a after correction. Since the portion below the specified gradation level is discarded, the invisible light beam whose intensity is modulated by the luminance inversion signal 38a is projected only on the pixels corresponding to the black image or dark image close to black, and the visible light transmittance is reduced.
- the absorption rate can be increased by reducing
- FIG. 13 shows a correction process for truncating a predetermined intermediate gradation level (luminance level) of the luminance inversion signal within a certain control time range.
- the gradation level sandwiched between the alternate long and short dash lines is the predetermined intermediate gradation level.
- the dotted line portion shows the luminance inversion signal 38 before correction, and the solid line portion shows the luminance inversion signal 38a after correction.
- the part of the predetermined halftone level is discarded Therefore, the invisible light beam whose intensity is modulated by the luminance inversion signal 38a is not projected to a location corresponding to a pixel having a predetermined intermediate gradation level, so that it is possible to suppress a decrease in luminance of the intermediate gradation of the image.
- FIG. 14 shows a gamma correction process for correcting the luminance intermediate position of the luminance inversion signal within a certain control time range.
- the dotted line portion shows the luminance inversion signal 38 before correction
- the solid line portion shows the luminance inversion signal 38a after correction.
- the level above the center of the gradation level (luminance level) (gradation level 128 or higher) increases the gradation level
- the portion below the center of the gradation level decreases the gradation level.
- increase the degree of increase or decrease in the gradation level near the center As a result, it is possible to mitigate a decrease in luminance of visible gray light in the invisible light beam.
- the irradiation time of the invisible light beam according to the illuminance or temperature around the image projection screen 36 including the image projection area 35 can be adjusted by changing the duty of the signal that modulates the invisible light beam. is there.
- the illuminance detector 40 or the temperature detector 41 may not be mounted on the image projection apparatus 101.
- the correction of the luminance inversion signal correction unit 42 may be performed as an automatic correction or a manual correction while checking the projected image.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an image display system according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating a signal processing flow executed by the control unit 60.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing the beam spot trajectory 64 of the laser beam that is scanned by the scanning unit 56 and the driving waveform of the scanning unit 56. As shown in FIG.
- image projection apparatus 102 is a laser projector that displays an image by projecting laser light.
- the image projection device 102 includes a visible light source 51, a collimating lens 52, a dichroic prism 53, an invisible light source 54, a beam splitter 55, a scanning unit 56, an aperture 58, a control unit 60, and a light source modulation.
- a circuit 61 and a drive unit 62 are provided.
- the scanning unit 56 has a reflecting surface that reflects and projects visible light and invisible light output from the light sources 51 and 54.
- the drive unit 62 drives the scanning unit 56 so as to scan the laser beam.
- the control unit 29 includes a visible light source control unit 60a and an invisible light source control unit 60b.
- the light source modulation circuit 61 includes a visible light source modulation circuit 61a and an invisible light source modulation circuit 61b.
- the light sources 51 and 54 and the modulation circuit 61 may be collectively referred to as a modulation unit.
- the visible light beams emitted from the three visible light sources 51 corresponding to RGB are narrowed down by the corresponding collimating lenses 52 and synthesized by the dichroic prism 53.
- the invisible light beam radiated by the force of the invisible light source 54 is narrowed down by the collimating lens 52 and synthesized by the synthesized visible light beam and the beam splitter 55 into one projection beam 57.
- the light beam 57 is reflected by the mirror surface of the scanning unit 56, projected from the opening 58 onto the image projection screen 66, and scanned two-dimensionally to form a projection region 65.
- An image signal 59 indicating an image to be displayed is input to the control units 60a and 60b.
- the control units 60a and 60b output a control signal corresponding to the image signal 59 to the light source modulation circuits 61a and 61b.
- the light source modulation circuits 61a and 61b modulate the intensity of light emitted from the visible light source 51 and the invisible light source 54.
- the visible light source control unit 60a outputs the luminance signal of the image signal 59 as a control signal to the visible light source light source modulation circuit 61a.
- the invisible light source control unit 60b generates a luminance inversion signal obtained by inverting the luminance signal of the image signal 59, and outputs the luminance inversion signal as a control signal to the invisible light source modulation circuit 6 lb.
- the signal processing flow of the visible light source control unit 60a is the same as the signal processing flow shown in FIG. 7 (a).
- the image signal 59 is a general NTSC video signal
- a luminance signal a color difference signal (R—luminance signal, B—luminance signal)
- an audio signal are obtained.
- the luminance signal can be obtained by adding RGB signals at a predetermined ratio and is expressed by (Equation 1).
- Each color difference signal is expressed by (Equation 2) and (Equation 3).
- RGB signal conversion processing according to (Equation 1) to (Equation 3) is performed to obtain an RGB signal.
- This RGB signal is input to the light source modulation circuit 61a for the visible light source.
- the image signal 59 is an RGB signal
- the RGB signal is input to the visible light source modulation circuit 61a.
- Image signal 59 is a standard NTSC video signal.
- a luminance signal, a color difference signal, and an audio signal are obtained.
- the luminance signal 37 obtained is subjected to luminance inversion processing to obtain a luminance inversion signal.
- This luminance inversion signal is input to the invisible light source modulation circuit 61b.
- the RGB signal also includes a luminance signal
- the luminance signal 37 is obtained by adding the RGB signals at a predetermined ratio shown in (Equation 1). be able to.
- the luminance signal 37 is inverted to obtain a luminance inverted signal.
- FIG. 8A shows the luminance signal 37 and FIG. 8B shows the luminance inversion signal 38.
- the control unit 60b stores the luminance signal corresponding to the image to be displayed and the luminance signals before and after the luminance signal and compares the luminance signals (luminance signal comparison processing). . As a result of comparison, if a dark display continues for a predetermined time or longer at a certain display location, the intensity of the invisible light beam is increased and the irradiation time is lengthened. In addition, when dark display is short for a certain display location, the intensity of the invisible light beam is reduced and the irradiation time is shortened.
- projection beam 57 scanned by scanning unit 56 draws beam spot locus 64 in projection area 65.
- the following light beam scanning methods are conceivable.
- FIG. 17 shows the beam spot trajectory 64 of each scanning method and the drive signal waveforms in the horizontal direction (H) and vertical direction (V).
- FIG. 17 (a) shows a linear raster scanning method, and shows a linear drive signal waveform in both the horizontal and vertical directions. Use this scanning method when using polygon mirror elements. Since the driving frequency is high in the horizontal direction, it is usually difficult to drive the rotating mirror linearly at high speed.
- a beam spot trajectory 64 during scanning from the left end to the right end of the projection area 65 is obtained and displayed by a solid line.
- a period in which the projection area 65 returns from the right end to the left end and from the bottom to the top is a blank period in which only the mirror returns without turning on the light source, and is indicated by a dotted line.
- Fig. 17 (b) shows a resonance raster scanning method, and the light beam is scanned in the horizontal direction by the resonance operation of the rotating mirror. In resonance driving, a large amplitude can be obtained with a relatively small force as compared with the case where the rotating mirror is driven linearly. Since the frequency in the vertical direction is low, the gallon mirror can be driven linearly.
- the mirror operation is a sine wave, and the horizontal direction is one-way scanned. Therefore, the horizontal blank period is lengthened and the lighting time of the light source is halved.
- the light beam is scanned from the left end to the right end of the projection area 65, and the solid line portion in the projection area 65 is obtained as the beam spot track 64. It is displayed.
- the relationship between the solid line and dotted line in the horizontal (H) and vertical (V) drive signal waveforms corresponds to the relationship between the beam spot locus 64 (solid line) and the blank period (dotted line).
- FIG. 17 (c) shows a resonant raster scanning method in which reciprocal scanning is performed in the horizontal direction. If reciprocating scanning is performed, it is easy to drive because the drive frequency may be half. Compared with the method shown in Fig. 17 (b), the lighting time of the light source is doubled, which is more efficient. However, since the scanning lines are not strictly parallel, it is necessary to correct the vertical drive signal waveform in a step shape to parallelize the scanning lines. The left end force of the projection area 65 is also scanned to the right edge, and the solid line in the projection area 65 is obtained as the beam spot trajectory 64. Has been. The relationship between the solid line and the dotted line in the drive signal waveform in the horizontal direction (H) and vertical direction (V) corresponds to the relationship between the beam spot locus 64 (solid line) and the blank period (dotted line).
- image projection screen 66 (FIG. 15) includes the components shown in FIG. 4, for example.
- the image projection screen 66 includes a base material layer 12, and a photochromic compound layer 13 including a transparent material provided on the surface of the base material layer 12.
- the visible light beam emitted from the image projector 102 is reflected by the base material layer 12 to display an image, and the invisible light beam reacts with the photochromic compound layer 13 to reduce the transmittance of visible light. Increase the absorption rate.
- An image display system is constructed by a combination of the image projection device 102 and the image projection screen 66.
- the image projection apparatus 102 includes the invisible light source 54 in addition to the visible light source 51, and the invisible light beam is combined with the visible light beam to become one light beam 57. Projected to 66.
- the base material layer 12 displays an image corresponding to the visible light beam, and the invisible light beam reacts with the photochromic compound layer 13 to decrease the transmittance of visible light and increase the absorption rate.
- the part where the visible light transmittance is decreased to increase the absorption rate is made to correspond to a pixel displaying black or a dark image close to black. Since the external light 5 incident on this portion is absorbed by the photochromic compound layer 13, an image display system can be obtained in which the screen is not floated by the external light 5 or the like and the contrast is increased.
- the scanning unit 56 may be a scanning unit that uses two uniaxial rotating mirror elements, or a biaxial rotating mirror element.
- One axis of rotation may be realized with a rotating polygon mirror.
- the rotation of one of the two axes may be realized by an optical element called a grating light valve (GLV).
- a grating light valve is an element that uses a diffraction phenomenon by arranging minute strips (macro ribbons) in an array.
- the configuration of the optical system included in the image projection apparatus 102 is an example, and the number of light sources and the components such as the collimating lens and the prism are variously set.
- near infrared light or near ultraviolet light may be used in addition to ultraviolet light.
- a scanning image projection apparatus in which an image is displayed by scanning with a light beam, when the visible light beam blinks between pixels along the scanning direction, the visible light beam is output. When not, an invisible light beam may be output.
- an image display system with improved contrast can be obtained by suppressing the black floating of the screen due to external light 5 etc. It is done.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing an image display system according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating a signal processing flow executed by the control unit 67 included in the image projection apparatus 103.
- the image projection apparatus 103 shown in Fig. 18 includes the elements described below.
- the visible light beams emitted from the three visible light sources 51 corresponding to RGB are narrowed down by the collimating lenses 52 corresponding to the respective light sources 51 and synthesized by the dichroic prism 53.
- the invisible light beam radiated by the force of the invisible light source 54 is narrowed down by the collimating lens 52 and synthesized by the synthesized visible light beam and the beam splitter 55 into one projection beam 57.
- the light beam 57 is reflected by the mirror surface of the scanning unit 56, projected from the opening 58 onto the image projection screen 66, and scanned two-dimensionally to form a projection region 65.
- the control unit 67 includes a visible light source control unit 67a and an invisible light source control unit 67b.
- An image signal 59 indicating an image to be displayed is input to the control units 67a and 67b.
- the control units 67a and 67b output a control signal corresponding to the image signal 59 to the light source modulation circuit 61a for visible light source and the modulation circuit 61b for invisible light source.
- the light source modulation circuits 61a and 61b modulate the intensity of the light emitted from the visible light source 51 and the invisible light source 54 in accordance with the control signal.
- the visible light source control unit 67a outputs the luminance signal of the image signal 59 as a control signal to the visible light source modulation circuit 61a.
- the invisible light source controller 67b generates a luminance inversion signal obtained by inverting the luminance signal of the image signal 59, and outputs it as a control signal to the invisible light source modulation circuit 61b.
- the image projection device 103 includes an illuminance detector 68 and a temperature detector 69.
- the illuminance detector 68 detects the illuminance around the image projection screen 66 including the image projection area 65, and inputs an illuminance detection signal indicating the detected illumination to the invisible light source controller 67b.
- the temperature detector 69 detects the temperature around the image projection screen 66 including the image projection area 65, and inputs a temperature detection signal indicating the detected temperature to the invisible light source controller 67b.
- the detection of the illuminance or temperature of the illuminance detector 68 or the temperature detector 69 is performed at the timing of at least one of the image projections before the image is projected when the image projection device 103 is turned on. .
- the signal processing flow of the visible light source controller 67a is the same as the signal processing flow shown in Fig. 7 (a).
- the image signal 59 is a general NTSC video signal
- a luminance signal a color difference signal (R—luminance signal, B—luminance signal)
- an audio signal are obtained.
- the luminance signal can be obtained by adding RGB signals at a predetermined ratio and is expressed by (Equation 1).
- Each color difference signal is expressed by (Equation 2) or (Equation 3).
- RGB signal conversion processing according to (Equation 1) to (Equation 3) is performed to obtain an RGB signal.
- This RGB signal is input to the light source modulation circuit 61a for visible light source.
- the image signal 59 is an RGB signal
- the RGB signal is input to the light source modulation circuit 61a for visible light source.
- the operations up to the luminance signal inversion processing executed by the invisible light source control unit 67b are the same as the operations up to the luminance signal inversion processing described with reference to Fig. 7 (b).
- the image signal 59 is a general NTSC video signal
- the luminance signal 37 is obtained as a signal
- the luminance signal 37 is inverted to obtain a luminance inverted signal.
- the RGB signal also includes a luminance signal
- the luminance signal 37 is obtained by adding the RGB signals at a predetermined ratio shown in (Equation 1). be able to.
- the luminance signal 37 is inverted to obtain a luminance inverted signal.
- FIG. 8A shows the luminance signal 37
- FIG. 8B shows the luminance inversion signal 38.
- control unit 67b stores a luminance signal corresponding to an image to be displayed and luminance signals before and after the image and compares the luminance signals (luminance signal comparison processing). As a result of comparison, if a dark display continues for a predetermined time or longer at a certain display location, the intensity of the invisible light beam is increased and the irradiation time is lengthened. In addition, when dark display is short for a certain display location, the intensity of the invisible light beam is reduced and the irradiation time is shortened.
- the invisible light source control unit 67b includes a luminance inversion signal correction unit 70.
- the luminance inversion signal 38 is input to the luminance inversion signal correction unit 70, and gradation level correction processing is performed to obtain a luminance inversion signal for driving the invisible light source 25.
- This luminance inversion signal is input to the light source modulation circuit 61b for the invisible light source.
- the correction process executed by the luminance inversion signal correction unit 70 will be described with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 11 shows the luminance inversion signal before correction and the luminance inversion signal after correction when performing gradation level (brightness level) correction within a certain control time range.
- the dotted line portion is the luminance inversion signal 38 before the gradation level correction
- the solid line portion is the luminance inversion signal 38a after the gradation level correction.
- the illuminance detection signal output from the illuminance detector 68 is input to the luminance inversion signal correction unit 70, and corrects the luminance level (gradation level) of the luminance inversion signal for controlling the light source modulation circuit 61b. This is performed according to the detection signal.
- the temperature detection signal output from the temperature detector 69 is input to the luminance inversion signal correction unit 70, and the correction level of the luminance level (gradation level) of the luminance inversion signal for controlling the light source modulation circuit 61b Temperature This is performed according to the detection signal.
- the projection beam 57 scanned by the scanning unit 56 draws a beam spot locus 64 in the projection area 65.
- the light beam scanning method can be the one described with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 17 (a) shows a linear raster scanning method, and shows a linear drive signal waveform in both the horizontal and vertical directions. Use this scanning method when using polygon mirror elements. Since the driving frequency is high in the horizontal direction, it is usually difficult to drive the rotating mirror linearly at high speed.
- a beam spot trajectory 64 during scanning from the left end to the right end of the projection area 65 is obtained and displayed by a solid line.
- a period in which the projection area 65 returns from the right end to the left end and from the bottom to the top is a blank period in which only the mirror returns without turning on the light source, and is indicated by a dotted line.
- the relationship between the solid line and the dotted line of the drive signal waveform in the horizontal direction (H) and vertical direction (V) corresponds to the relationship between the beam spot locus 64 (solid line) and the blank period (dotted line).
- FIG. 17 (b) shows a resonance raster scanning method, in which the light beam is scanned in the horizontal direction by the resonance operation of the rotating mirror.
- resonance driving a large amplitude can be obtained with a relatively small force as compared with the case where the rotating mirror is driven linearly. Since the frequency in the vertical direction is low, the gallon mirror can be driven linearly.
- the mirror operation is sinusoidal and the horizontal direction is one-way scanned, so that the horizontal blank period is lengthened and the lighting time of the light source is halved.
- the relationship between the solid line and dotted line in the horizontal (H) and vertical (V) drive signal waveforms corresponds to the relationship between the beam spot locus 64 (solid line) and the blank period (dotted line).
- FIG. 17 (c) shows a resonant raster scanning method in which reciprocal scanning is performed in the horizontal direction. If reciprocating scanning is performed, it is easy to drive because the drive frequency may be half. Compared with the method shown in Fig. 17 (b), the lighting time of the light source is doubled, which is more efficient. However, since the scanning lines are not strictly parallel, it is necessary to correct the vertical drive signal waveform in a step shape to parallelize the scanning lines. The left end force of the projection area 65 is also scanned to the right edge, and the solid line in the projection area 65 is obtained as the beam spot trajectory 64. Has been. The relationship between the solid line and the dotted line in the drive signal waveform in the horizontal direction (H) and vertical direction (V) corresponds to the relationship between the beam spot locus 64 (solid line) and the blank period (dotted line).
- image projection screen 66 (FIG. 18) includes, for example, the components shown in FIG.
- the image projection screen 66 includes a base material layer 12 and a photochromic compound layer 13 including a transparent material provided on the surface of the base material layer 12.
- the visible light beam emitted from the image projection device 103 is reflected by the base material layer 12 to display an image, and the invisible light beam reacts with the photochromic compound layer 13 to reduce the transmittance of visible light. Increase the absorption rate.
- An image display system is constructed by combining the image projection device 103 and the image projection screen 66.
- the image projection apparatus 103 includes the invisible light source 54 in addition to the visible light source 51, and the invisible light beam is combined with the visible light beam to form one projection beam 57. Projected on.
- the base material layer 12 displays an image corresponding to the visible light beam, and the invisible light beam reacts with the photochromic compound layer 13 to decrease the transmittance of visible light and increase the absorption rate.
- the part where the visible light transmittance is decreased to increase the absorption rate is made to correspond to a pixel displaying black or a dark image close to black.
- the luminance inversion signal correction unit 70 appropriately corrects the luminance inversion signal 38 according to the external environment of the apparatus, thereby further suppressing the black float of the screen and increasing the contrast. it can.
- the scanning section 56 may be a scanning section using two uniaxial rotating mirror elements, or a biaxial rotating mirror element.
- One axis of rotation may be realized by a rotating polygon mirror.
- one of the two axes can be rotated with an optical element called a grating light valve (GLV)! /.
- GLV grating light valve
- the configuration of the optical system included in the image projection apparatus 103 is merely an example, and the number of light sources and the components such as the collimating lens and the prism are variously set.
- near infrared light or near ultraviolet light may be used in addition to ultraviolet light.
- the correction example in which the gradation level (brightness level) is corrected The gradation level is reduced by a certain level is just an example. Since the gradation level is corrected accordingly, the gradation level may be raised constantly.
- the luminance inversion signal is corrected by correcting the luminance inversion signal to be truncated below a predetermined luminance level, correcting to discard only a predetermined intermediate luminance level, the luminance level exceeding the gradation level, or There is a gamma correction that corrects the intermediate brightness position.
- the correction process executed by the luminance inversion signal correction unit 70 will be described with reference to FIGS.
- FIG. 12 shows a correction process in which a portion below a predetermined gradation level (luminance level) of a luminance inversion signal within a certain control time range is discarded.
- a one-dot chain line indicates a predetermined gradation level.
- the dotted line portion shows the luminance inversion signal 38 before correction, and the solid line portion shows the luminance inversion signal 38a after correction. Since the portion below the specified gradation level is discarded, the invisible light beam whose intensity is modulated by the luminance inversion signal 38a is projected only on the pixels corresponding to the black image or dark image close to black, and the visible light transmittance is reduced.
- the absorption rate can be increased by reducing
- Fig. 13 shows a predetermined halftone level (brightness level) of the luminance inversion signal within a certain control time range. The correction processing for truncating the degree level) is shown.
- the gradation level sandwiched between the alternate long and short dash lines is the predetermined intermediate gradation level.
- the dotted line portion shows the luminance inversion signal 38 before correction, and the solid line portion shows the luminance inversion signal 38a after correction. Since the portion of the predetermined intermediate gradation level is cut off, the invisible light beam whose intensity is modulated by the luminance inversion signal 38a is not projected to the portion corresponding to the pixel of the predetermined intermediate gradation level. It is possible to suppress a decrease in brightness.
- FIG. 14 shows a gamma correction process for correcting the luminance intermediate position of the luminance inversion signal within a certain control time range.
- the dotted line portion shows the luminance inversion signal 38 before correction
- the solid line portion shows the luminance inversion signal 38a after correction.
- the level above the center of the gradation level (luminance level) (gradation level 128 or higher) increases the gradation level
- the portion below the center of the gradation level decreases the gradation level.
- increase the degree of increase or decrease in the gradation level near the center As a result, it is possible to mitigate a decrease in luminance of visible gray light in the invisible light beam.
- the irradiation time of the invisible light beam according to the illuminance or temperature around the image projection screen 66 including the image projection area 65 can be adjusted by changing the duty of the signal that modulates the invisible light beam. is there.
- the illuminance detector 68 or the temperature detector 69 may not be mounted on the image projection device 103.
- the correction of the luminance inversion signal correction unit 70 may be performed as an automatic correction or a manual correction while checking the projected image.
- Figure 20 (a) shows the luminance signal 37.
- FIG. 20 (b) shows the luminance inversion signal 38.
- Fig. 20 (c) shows the timing of irradiation with the invisible light beam, the irradiation time, and the irradiation intensity.
- the luminance signals are compared with each other to determine the time during which dark display continues at a certain display location, and the intensity and irradiation time of the invisible light beam are adjusted according to the time.
- a certain display location is passed over a predetermined time.
- the invisible light beam may be output only when the dark display continues, and may not be output at other times.
- black display at a level can be realized without any visual problem.
- an invisible light beam may be output between pixels that do not output a visible light beam.
- an image display system that suppresses the black floating of the screen due to external light 5 etc. and has an improved contrast is obtained. It is done.
- the present invention is suitable not only for displaying moving images but also for displaying still images, and has a high contrast that suppresses black floating even in places where the surrounding lighting cannot be adjusted, such as outdoors, station premises, and underground shopping streets.
- Image display can be realized.
- the present invention is particularly useful in the technical field of an image projection apparatus that displays an image on a screen by a projection method, a screen on which an image is displayed, and an image display system including the same.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Projection Apparatus (AREA)
- Overhead Projectors And Projection Screens (AREA)
- Control Of Indicators Other Than Cathode Ray Tubes (AREA)
- Transforming Electric Information Into Light Information (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
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JP2008506263A JP5208727B2 (ja) | 2006-03-16 | 2007-03-14 | 画像投射装置、画像投射スクリーンおよび画像表示システム |
US12/282,892 US7914154B2 (en) | 2006-03-16 | 2007-03-14 | Image projection device, image projection screen and image display system |
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JP2006-072321 | 2006-03-16 | ||
JP2006072321 | 2006-03-16 |
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WO2007108387A1 true WO2007108387A1 (ja) | 2007-09-27 |
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PCT/JP2007/055102 WO2007108387A1 (ja) | 2006-03-16 | 2007-03-14 | 画像投射装置、画像投射スクリーンおよび画像表示システム |
Country Status (4)
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US (1) | US7914154B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5208727B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101405651A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2007108387A1 (ja) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP5208727B2 (ja) | 2013-06-12 |
US7914154B2 (en) | 2011-03-29 |
CN101405651A (zh) | 2009-04-08 |
JPWO2007108387A1 (ja) | 2009-08-06 |
US20090091718A1 (en) | 2009-04-09 |
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