WO2007102601A1 - 電力変換装置及び方法並びに三角波発生回路 - Google Patents
電力変換装置及び方法並びに三角波発生回路 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007102601A1 WO2007102601A1 PCT/JP2007/054679 JP2007054679W WO2007102601A1 WO 2007102601 A1 WO2007102601 A1 WO 2007102601A1 JP 2007054679 W JP2007054679 W JP 2007054679W WO 2007102601 A1 WO2007102601 A1 WO 2007102601A1
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- triangular wave
- power
- circuit
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/145—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
- H02M7/155—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
- H02M7/162—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
- H02M7/1623—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration with control circuit
- H02M7/1626—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration with control circuit with automatic control of the output voltage or current
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
- H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
- H02J7/1469—Regulation of the charging current or voltage otherwise than by variation of field
- H02J7/1492—Regulation of the charging current or voltage otherwise than by variation of field by means of controlling devices between the generator output and the battery
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0083—Converters characterised by their input or output configuration
- H02M1/0085—Partially controlled bridges
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
- Y02T10/92—Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power conversion device and method for converting AC power output from a generator into DC power, and a triangular wave generation circuit, and more particularly to a technique for accurately controlling an output voltage to a target voltage.
- a power conversion device that rectifies AC power output from a generator and converts it into DC power, and is used, for example, to charge a battery of a vehicle.
- FIG. 34 shows the configuration of this type of conventional power converter 200.
- a coil 100 is a coil of a generator, and AC power is induced in the coil 100 by driving the rotating shaft of the generator.
- the thyristor 201, the resistor 202, the diode 203, the Zener diodes 204 and 205, and the diode 206 constitute the power converter 200, and are basically realized as a half-wave rectifier circuit.
- the anode of thyristor 201 is connected to one end of coil 100 of the generator, and the positive electrode of battery 300 serving as a load of power converter 200 is connected to the force sword. Further, a resistor 202, a diode 203, and Zener diodes 204 and 205 are connected in series in this order between the anode of the thyristor 201 and the ground.
- the diode 203 is connected in the forward direction, and the Zener diodes 204 and 205 are connected in the reverse direction.
- a diode 206 is forward-connected from the connection point P between the resistor 202 and the diode 203 toward the gate electrode of the thyristor 201.
- the voltage Vref at the connection point P is set so that the thyristor 201 can be controlled to be turned on when the terminal voltage of the battery 300 is lower than the target voltage VT that is higher than the rated voltage of the battery 300 by a predetermined voltage. Is set. In other words, the voltage Vref is set to an appropriate value so that the thyristor 201 is not turned on when the terminal voltage of the battery 300 is equal to or higher than the target voltage VT. [0006] With reference to FIG. 35, the operation of the above-described conventional power conversion device will be described.
- FIG. 35A shows the case where the number of revolutions of the generator is low
- FIG. 35B shows the case where the number of revolutions of the generator is high.
- the initial value of the terminal voltage of the notter 300 is lower than the target voltage V T.
- the thyristor 201 is turned off and the output voltage VO decreases. In the subsequent period ⁇ 9, however, the output voltage VO falls below the target voltage VT. The thyristor 201 is turned on, and then the power is output from the generator. The output voltage VO of the thyristor 201 increases due to the positive phase of the AC voltage VA.
- the thyristor 201 is turned on during the positive phase of the AC voltage VA to charge the battery 300.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-52045
- the thyristor 201 when the output voltage VO falls below the target voltage VT, the thyristor 201 is turned on in the positive-phase cycle period of the AC voltage VA. If the output voltage VO is not lower than the target voltage VT, the thyristor 201 is maintained in the off state in each cycle period.
- the thyristor 201 is controlled to be in any extreme binary state whether or not it is in a conductive state in each cycle period. For this reason, according to the above-described prior art, there is a problem that the fluctuation range of the output voltage VO becomes large, and it is difficult to accurately control the output voltage VO to the target voltage VT.
- this power conversion device As a power conversion apparatus that solves such a problem, there is an apparatus shown in FIG. Compared with the device configuration shown in FIG. 34 described above, this power conversion device has a transistor 401, a diode 402, a Zener diode 4003, a resistor 404, an electric field as a circuit system for obtaining an effective value Vrms of the output voltage VO. Add a capacitor 405.
- the output voltage VO force is supplied to the electric field capacitor 405 and smoothed, and when the terminal voltage of the electric field capacitor 405 increases, the transistor 401 is turned on to forcibly turn off the thyristor 201. Suppresses the rise in the terminal voltage of the electrolytic capacitor 405. Therefore, according to this apparatus, the effective value Vrms of the output voltage is supplied to the lamp 301. Therefore, although the lamp 301 cannot be cut off, there is a problem that the lamp flickers and flickers because the output voltage VO is output discretely.
- this power conversion device includes a thyristor 500 for short-circuiting the generator coil 100 and a thyristor 500 as a circuit system for suppressing the peak voltage of the output voltage VO.
- a diode 501 for controlling and a tuner diode 502 are further provided.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and a power conversion device and method capable of accurately controlling an output voltage without causing a decrease in power conversion efficiency to a target voltage, and a triangular wave generation circuit
- the purpose is to provide.
- the power conversion device is a power conversion device that converts AC power output from a generator into DC power and supplies the DC power to a load, the output of the generator And a switch unit connected between the unit and the load, and generates a triangular wave voltage having a constant peak voltage corresponding to each cycle of the AC power output from the generator, and is connected to the load via the switch unit.
- a control unit that generates a differential voltage between a supplied voltage and a predetermined target voltage and controls a conduction state of the switch unit based on the triangular wave voltage and the differential voltage.
- the control unit applies the load to the load via the switch unit.
- a differential circuit that inputs a supplied voltage and the predetermined target voltage to generate a differential voltage thereof, a differential voltage generated by the differential circuit, and the triangular wave voltage are compared, and a result of the comparison
- a comparison circuit for generating a pulse signal for defining the conduction timing of the switch unit and supplying the pulse signal to the switch unit.
- control unit is configured to determine whether a voltage generation circuit that generates a predetermined voltage, a predetermined voltage generated by the voltage generation circuit, and a differential voltage generated by the differential circuit
- a selection circuit that selects either the predetermined voltage or the differential voltage based on the relationship and outputs the selected voltage to the comparison circuit, and the comparison circuit receives the predetermined voltage or the difference input from the selection circuit.
- a voltage is compared with the triangular wave voltage, and a pulse signal for defining the conduction timing of the switch unit is generated based on the comparison result and supplied to the switch unit.
- control unit counts the number of clocks, and outputs the differential voltage generated by the differential circuit when the count result force S exceeds a threshold value.
- a counter circuit for controlling the output of the circuit.
- the voltage generation circuit includes a CR circuit including a capacitor and a resistor, and generates the predetermined voltage by discharging electric charges accumulated in the capacitor.
- control unit detects the removal of the load based on the AC power output from the generator and the output of the switch unit, and detects the removal of the load.
- an off-load detection circuit that controls the output of the selection circuit so as to output a predetermined voltage generated by the voltage generation circuit.
- the control unit detects the load detachment based on the AC power output from the generator and the output of the switch unit, and detects the load detachment.
- an off-load detection circuit that performs processing for lowering the voltage value of the predetermined target voltage is provided.
- the power conversion device further includes an amplifier circuit that amplifies the differential voltage and supplies the amplified differential voltage to the comparison circuit.
- the peak value of the triangular wave is H
- the amplification circuit When the rate is M, the target voltage is VT, and the control width of the voltage supplied to the load through the switch is W, W is a value in the range of VT to VT + (HZM). It is a feature.
- the control unit counts a half cycle time of the first cycle AC voltage waveform output from the generator as a means for generating the triangular wave voltage; and In the second division after the first cycle, the division unit that divides the count number by the counter unit by a predetermined value, and a predetermined voltage amount for each elapse of time indicated by the division result of the division unit in the first cycle. And a waveform generation unit that generates a stepped voltage waveform that rises only by the amount, and outputs the stepped voltage waveform as a waveform of the triangular wave voltage.
- the control unit charges the first capacitor with a constant current having a predetermined current value while the AC voltage output from the generator is a positive cycle or a negative cycle.
- a second charging unit that charges the second capacitor with a constant current having a current value corresponding to the voltage across the first capacitor after the end of the cycle, and charging by the second charging unit, and a control unit that terminates based on the cycle of the AC voltage or the voltage between the terminals of the second capacitor, and outputs a voltage between the terminals of the second capacitor as a waveform of the triangular wave voltage.
- the power conversion device is a power conversion device that converts the three-phase AC power output from the generator into DC power and supplies the DC power to the load.
- a plurality of switch units connected between the phase output unit and each end of the load, and a triangular wave voltage corresponding to each cycle of the AC power of each phase output from the generator and having a constant peak voltage Is generated for each phase, and a differential voltage between a voltage supplied to the load via the switch unit and a predetermined target voltage is generated, and for each phase, the triangular wave voltage generated for the other phase and
- a control unit for controlling a conduction state of each of the switch units connected to the phase output unit based on the differential voltage.
- the control unit In the power conversion device, the control unit generates a W-phase triangular wave voltage corresponding to each period of the W-phase AC power output from the generator and having a constant peak voltage. And generating a differential voltage between a voltage supplied to the load via the switch unit and a predetermined target voltage, and generating a U-phase output unit based on the generated W-phase triangular wave voltage and the differential voltage.
- each of the switch sections connected to the generator generates a U-phase triangular wave voltage corresponding to each period of U-phase AC power output from the generator and having a constant peak voltage, and A differential voltage between a voltage supplied to the load via the switch unit and a predetermined target voltage is generated, and connected to the V-phase output unit based on the generated U-phase triangular wave voltage and the differential voltage
- the switch unit is controlled to generate a V-phase triangular wave voltage corresponding to each cycle of the V-phase AC power output from the generator and having a constant peak voltage, and the switch unit.
- the power conversion method converts the AC power output from the generator through the switch unit connected between the output unit of the generator and a load.
- a triangular wave generating circuit is a triangular wave voltage used for controlling conduction of a switch element in a power conversion device that converts AC power output from a generator into DC power and supplies the DC power to a load.
- a counter unit that counts the half-cycle time of the AC voltage waveform of the first cycle output by the generator, and a division that divides the count number by the counter unit by a predetermined value
- a second step after the first cycle a stepped voltage waveform that rises by a predetermined voltage is generated every time indicated by the division result of the division unit obtained in the first cycle.
- a waveform generation unit configured to output the stepped voltage waveform as the waveform of the triangular wave voltage.
- a triangular wave generating circuit is a triangular wave for controlling conduction of a switch element in a power converter that converts alternating current power output from a generator into direct current power and supplies the direct current power to a load.
- a triangular wave generating circuit for generating a voltage, wherein the first charging unit charges the first capacitor with a constant current having a predetermined current value while the AC voltage output from the generator is a positive cycle or a negative cycle; The second charging unit that charges the second capacitor with a constant current having a current value corresponding to the voltage across the first capacitor after the end of the cycle, and charging by the second charging unit is performed by the alternating current.
- a control unit that terminates based on a voltage cycle or a voltage between terminals of the second capacitor, and outputs a voltage between terminals of the second capacitor as a waveform of the triangular wave voltage.
- the thyristor conduction timing is controlled in accordance with the differential voltage between the output voltage and the target voltage, the output voltage without causing a reduction in power conversion efficiency can be accurately targeted. It becomes possible to control the voltage.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration and an application example of a power conversion device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a detailed configuration of a gate control unit according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3A is a waveform diagram for explaining the operation of the power conversion device according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and is a waveform diagram when the rotational speed of the generator is low.
- FIG. 3B is a waveform diagram for explaining the operation of the power conversion device according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and is a waveform diagram when the rotational speed of the generator is high.
- FIG. 4 is a waveform diagram for explaining a triangular wave generation mechanism (a square wave generation process) in the triangular wave generation circuit according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a waveform diagram for explaining a triangular wave generation mechanism (slope portion generation process) in the triangular wave generation circuit according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6A is a waveform diagram for explaining the operation of the amplifier circuit according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6B is a waveform diagram for explaining the operation of the amplifier circuit according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6C is a waveform diagram for explaining the operation of the amplifier circuit according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a first other application example of the power conversion device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a second other application example of the power conversion device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a third other application example of the power conversion device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a fourth other application example of the power conversion device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a fifth other application example of the power conversion device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a sixth other application example of the power conversion device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a seventh other application example of the power conversion device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an eighth other application example of the power conversion device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a waveform diagram showing an example of a case where the output voltage V O increases excessively immediately after the generator starts power generation in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a block diagram showing a detailed configuration of a gate control unit according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is a waveform diagram for explaining the operation of the power conversion device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 18 is a block diagram showing a detailed configuration of a gate control unit according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 19 is a waveform diagram for explaining the operation of the power conversion device according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 20 is a waveform diagram showing an example of a case where the load is removed during charging and the charging time is prolonged in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 23 is a block diagram illustrating a detailed configuration of the gate control unit according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram showing an internal configuration of the triangular wave generation circuit according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- ⁇ 25] is a diagram showing the time transition of the voltage across the capacitor terminals according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
- ⁇ 26] is a diagram showing the relationship between the current value and the voltage according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
- FIG. 27 is an explanatory diagram for explaining an example in which the cycle one cycle before and the cycle of the current cycle are not the same in the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- ⁇ 28 A waveform diagram for explaining the operation of the triangular wave generating circuit according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 29 is a diagram illustrating a configuration and an application example of the power conversion device according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 30 is a block diagram illustrating a detailed configuration of the gate control unit according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 31 is a waveform diagram for explaining the operation of the gate control unit according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 32 is a waveform diagram for explaining the operation of the gate control unit according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 33 is a diagram for explaining the advance angle / retard angle according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention, and is a diagram showing the results of actual experiments.
- FIG. 33B is a diagram for explaining the advance angle / retard angle according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention, and is a diagram showing the results of actual experiments.
- FIG. 33C is a diagram for explaining the advance angle / retard angle according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention, and is a diagram showing the results of actual experiments.
- ⁇ 34 Shows the configuration of a power converter according to the prior art (configuration with a battery as a load) It is a figure.
- FIG. 35A is a waveform diagram for explaining the operation of the power conversion device according to the prior art.
- FIG. 35B is a waveform diagram for explaining the operation of the power conversion device according to the prior art.
- FIG. 36 is a diagram showing a configuration of a power conversion device according to the prior art (configuration with a lamp as a load).
- FIG. 37 is a diagram showing a configuration of a power conversion device according to the prior art (configuration when an electronic device is used as a load).
- FIG. 1 shows the configuration of the power conversion apparatus 1000 according to this embodiment.
- elements that are the same as those of the conventional apparatus shown in FIG. 34 are given the same reference numerals.
- the power conversion apparatus 1000 converts the AC voltage VA output from the coil 100 of the generator into a DC output voltage VO and supplies it to the battery 300 as a load. It consists of a gate control unit 1100 and resistors Rl and R2.
- the thyristor 201 is connected between the output unit of the generator and the battery 300.
- the anode of the thyristor 201 is connected to one end of the coil 100 of the generator, and the power sword includes a battery 300.
- the positive electrode is connected!
- the negative of Nottelli 300 is connected to ground.
- a resistor R1 and a resistor R2 for detecting the output voltage VO supplied to the positive electrode of the battery 300 via the thyristor 201 are connected in series between the force sword of the thyristor 201 and the ground.
- a voltage VR obtained by dividing the output voltage VO by these resistors appears at the connection point P between the resistors R1 and R2.
- the connection point P is connected to the input unit of the gate control unit 1100, and the output unit of the gate control unit 1100 is connected to the gate electrode of the thyristor 201.
- FIG. 2 shows a detailed configuration of the gate control unit 1100.
- the gate control unit 1100 controls conduction of the thyristor 201, and includes a voltage conversion circuit 1110, a reference voltage generation circuit 1120, a differential circuit 1130, an amplification circuit 1140, a triangular wave generation circuit 1150, and a comparison circuit 1160.
- the voltage conversion circuit 1110 converts the voltage VR appearing at the connection point P into a voltage VR ′ representing an effective value or an average value thereof, and the connection point P is connected to an input portion thereof.
- the output section is connected to one input section of the differential circuit 1130.
- This voltage VR corresponds to the output voltage VO supplied to the battery 300 and is treated as a detected value of the output voltage VO.
- the voltage VR is an effective value or an average value of the voltage VR is appropriately set in advance according to the usage mode of the present apparatus.
- the voltage conversion circuit 1110 is configured to output the effective value of the voltage VR, and the average value of the output voltage VO is If meaningful, the voltage conversion circuit 1110 is configured to output an average value of the voltage VR.
- the voltage VR may be converted to a value other than the effective value and the average value which may be output as the voltage VR ′ as it is.
- the reference voltage generation circuit 1120 generates a target voltage VT for charging the battery 300, and its output section is connected to the other input section of the differential circuit 1130.
- the meaning of this target voltage VT is as described above.
- the amplification circuit 1140 multiplies the differential voltage VD by a multiplication factor (amplification factor) M (> 0), and outputs a differential voltage VD ′ obtained by amplifying the differential voltage VD by M times.
- the output part is connected to one input part of the comparison circuit 1160.
- the triangular wave generation circuit 1150 generates a triangular wave voltage VB corresponding to each cycle of the AC voltage VA output from the coil 100 of the generator. Its output section is connected to the other input section of the comparison circuit 1160.
- the triangular wave voltage VB corresponds to the positive-phase cycle period of the AC voltage VA, and starts when the AC voltage VA changes from a negative voltage force to a positive voltage. It has a waveform that increases at a constant slope from 0V and becomes 0V when the AC voltage VA changes from a positive voltage to a negative voltage.
- the peak voltage Vp of the triangular wave voltage VB during each cycle is constant. The generation mechanism of this triangular wave voltage VB will be described later.
- the comparison circuit 1160 compares the triangular wave voltage VB with the differential voltage VD ′ and outputs a pulse signal VSCR having a signal level corresponding to the magnitude relationship.
- the pulse signal VSCR is set to the noise level when the triangular wave voltage VB is greater than the voltage VD ', and is set to the low level otherwise.
- the pulse signal VSCR is supplied to the gate electrode of the thyristor 201.
- Fig. 3A shows the case where the number of revolutions of the generator is low
- Fig. 3B shows the case where the number of revolutions of the generator is high.
- the generator has stopped rotating in the initial state. State power will be explained in order.
- the rotation of the generator is in a stopped state, no power is induced in the coil 100 of the generator, so the AC voltage VA is 0V, and the power converter 1000 is in a non-powered state.
- the voltage VR at the connection point P is also (because it is the original, the differential voltage VD and the differential voltage VD ′ take negative values.
- the triangular wave voltage VB is higher than the differential voltage VD ', and the comparison circuit 1160 sends the pulse signal VSCR to the high level and sends it to the gate of the thyristor 201.
- the circuit 1160 sets the pulse signal VSCR to the high level and sends it to the gate of the thyristor 201.
- the generator starts generating power from this initial state
- the AC voltage VA output from the generator is supplied to the battery 300 as the output voltage VO through the thyristor 201 in the on state. Charging starts.
- the triangular wave generating circuit 1150 generates a triangular wave voltage VB corresponding to each cycle of the AC voltage VA.
- the voltage VR at the connection point P also increases.
- the voltage VR ′ output from the voltage conversion circuit 1110 also increases.
- the differential circuit 1130 receives the target voltage VT generated by the reference voltage generation circuit 1120 and the voltage VR ′ output from the voltage conversion circuit 1110, and generates and outputs the differential voltage VD.
- the differential voltage VD output from the differential circuit 1130 turns to a positive value
- the output voltage VD of the amplifier circuit 1140 that inputs this differential voltage VD is also Turns to a positive value.
- the meaning of amplifying the differential voltage VD M times by the amplifier circuit 1140 will be described later.
- a section where the triangular wave voltage VB is lower than the differential voltage VD ′.
- the comparison circuit 1160 compares the differential voltage VD ′ with the triangular wave voltage VB, and generates a pulse signal VSCR that defines the conduction timing of the thyristor 201 based on the result of this comparison. That is, the comparison circuit 1160 sets the pulse signal VSCR to the noise level when the triangular wave voltage VB is higher than the differential voltage VD ', and lowers the pulse signal VSCR when the triangular wave voltage VB is lower than the differential voltage VD! As a level, this pulse signal VSCR is supplied to the gate electrode of the thyristor 201.
- the thyristor 201 that inputs the pulse signal VSCR to the gate electrode is turned on when the pulse signal VSCR becomes high level. After this, when the pulse signal VSCR becomes low level and the AC voltage VA shifts to a negative voltage, the thyristor 201 becomes reverse biased. It is turned off and turned off. That is, the thyristor 201 is turned on in a section where the triangular wave voltage VB is higher than the differential voltage VD ′, and is turned off in other sections.
- the gate control unit 1100 controls the conduction state of the thyristor 201 based on the triangular wave voltage VB generated by the triangular wave generation circuit 1150 and the differential voltage VD ′ output from the amplification circuit 1140.
- the interval in which the thyristor 201 is on that is, the period in which the triangular wave voltage VB is higher than the differential voltage VD 'depends on the level of the differential voltage VD, and the level of the differential voltage VD' is the target voltage.
- the output voltage VO is low, the level of the differential voltage VD ′ is also low. As a result, the period during which the triangular wave voltage VB is higher than the differential voltage VD ′ increases, and the thyristor 201 is turned on. The period will be increased. As a result, the output voltage VO increases toward the target voltage VT. Thus, the conduction period of the thyristor 201 is controlled so that the output voltage VO is stabilized at the target voltage VT in each cycle of the AC voltage VA of the generator.
- the frequency of the AC voltage output by the generator does not change abruptly, so the waveform of the previous cycle can be considered to be almost the same as the waveform of the current cycle.
- waveform 2 is the waveform of the current cycle
- half cycle T2 of waveform 2 is almost the same as half cycle T1 of waveform 1 the previous cycle.
- the triangular wave voltage VB is generated by the following procedure.
- (Procedure 1) As shown in Fig. 4, in the cycle of waveform 1, a square wave S is generated from the AC voltage VA output by the generator. The half cycle of the square wave S corresponding to this waveform 1 coincides with the half cycle T1 of the AC voltage VA in the waveform 1 cycle.
- the resolution n is an amount that regulates the smoothness of the slope of the triangular wave voltage VB. The higher the resolution n, the smoother the slope of the triangular wave voltage VB.
- the waveform of the AC voltage VA from the previous cycle is used to generate a voltage waveform that is a triangular wave voltage corresponding to each cycle of the AC voltage VA and has a constant peak voltage Vp.
- a triangular wave generation circuit 1150 using the above-described generation mechanism of the triangular wave voltage generates a triangular wave voltage for controlling the conduction timing of the thyristor 201 in the present power conversion device.
- a division unit, and a waveform generation unit are the counter unit counts the half-cycle time of the AC voltage waveform of the first cycle output from the generator (eg, time T1 in the cycle of waveform 1 in FIG. 4).
- the division unit divides the number counted by the counter unit by a predetermined resolution n (predetermined value).
- the waveform generator In the second cycle after the first cycle (for example, the cycle of waveform 2 in FIG. 4), the waveform generator generates the time tl indicated by the division result of the divider in the first cycle.
- a stepped voltage waveform that rises by a predetermined voltage vl with each passage is generated. This stepped voltage waveform is output as the triangular voltage waveform.
- a period W1 indicates a period during which the triangular wave voltage VB exceeds the differential voltage VD ′, that is, a period during which the thyristor 201 is controlled to be in the ON state.
- VD the differential voltage
- the control width is halved. Therefore, by introducing the amplifier circuit 1140 and amplifying the differential voltage VD by a factor of M, the control range of the output voltage VO is relatively reduced to 1 / M, so that the output voltage VO can be accurately set to the target voltage VT. Will be able to control.
- the power conversion device 2070 shown in FIG. 7 is configured to perform open control using the lamp L as a load, and includes a thyristor 2071 and a gate control unit 2072.
- the anode of thyristor 2071 is connected to lamp L and its power sword is connected to generator coil 100. It is connected.
- the conduction of the thyristor 2073 is controlled in each cycle of the negative phase of the AC voltage VA output from the generator.
- the power conversion device 2080 shown in FIG. 8 is configured to perform short-circuit control using the lamp L as a load.
- the power conversion device 2090 shown in FIG. 9 is also configured to perform short-circuit control using the lamp L as a load.
- the force that controls the conduction period of the load In this example, the non-conduction period is controlled (short control).
- the power conversion device 2100 shown in FIG. 10 is configured to perform single-phase half-wave open control using a notch 301 and a resistor 302 as loads.
- the power conversion device 2110 shown in FIG. 11 is configured to perform single-phase full-wave open control using a battery and a resistor as a load.
- the power conversion device 2120 shown in FIG. 12 is configured to perform single-phase full-wave short control.
- the power converter 2130 shown in FIG. 13 is configured to perform three-phase full-wave open control.
- the power converter 2140 shown in FIG. 14 is configured to perform three-phase full-wave short control.
- the positive phase component of the AC power that also outputs the generator power is supplied to the load via the thyristor 201 only, and the output of the generator is half-wave.
- the case of rectification has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this, and it can be configured to perform full-wave rectification by performing half-wave rectification on the negative phase component of the AC power output from the generator.
- the turn-on timing of the thyristor that causes the generator to be short-circuited without supplying the force load configured to control the turn-on timing of the thyristor 201 that supplies the load. May be configured to control.
- the amplifier circuit 1140 is provided to improve the sensitivity of the gate control of the thyristor as described above, and there is a margin in the control width of the force output voltage VO. If present, this may be omitted. Furthermore, although the voltage conversion circuit 1110 is provided in the embodiment with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6, this can be omitted when direct current is controlled.
- the present embodiment is an example in which the configuration of the gate control unit 1100 is further improved in the power conversion device 1000 according to the first embodiment.
- the output voltage VO may increase excessively immediately after the generator starts generating power.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a specific example of such a situation.
- the left end is the power generation start timing of the generator.
- the differential voltage VD ' is small at the start of power generation, the period during which the pulse signal VSCR is at the high level (ON) becomes longer.
- the time (charging time) during which the AC voltage VA is supplied to the battery 300 becomes longer.
- the output voltage VO is increased when the AC voltage VA is supplied to the battery 300.
- the output voltage VO increases at a stretch due to the long charging time, and becomes too large as shown in FIG.
- the force with which the amplitude of the AC voltage VA fluctuates This indicates that the output of the generator is fluctuating.
- the generator output at start-up often fluctuates as shown in Fig. 15.
- the distorted waveform indicates that the output of the generator is in the clamped state when the thyristor 201 is in the on state.
- a limit voltage VL is further introduced in the configuration of the gate control unit 1100 so that the output voltage VO does not increase.
- This limit voltage VL is for regulating the upper limit of the charging time. Details will be described below.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a detailed configuration of the gate control unit 1100 that works on the present embodiment.
- elements common to the components of the gate control unit 1100 (FIG. 2) according to the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals.
- the gate control unit 1100 includes a voltage conversion circuit 11 10, a reference voltage generation circuit 1120, a differential circuit 1130, an amplification circuit 1140, a triangular wave generation circuit 1150, a comparison circuit.
- a comparison circuit 1210 In addition to 1160, it includes a comparison circuit 1210, a limit voltage generation circuit 1220, a switch circuit 1230, a start circuit 1240, and a counter circuit 1250.
- the output section of the amplifier circuit 1140 includes the comparison circuit 1210 and the switch. Connected to each input of circuit 1230. As a result, the voltage VD is input to the comparison circuit 1210 and the switch circuit 1230.
- the limit voltage generation circuit 1220 generates a limit voltage VL having a predetermined voltage value, and its output section is connected to each input section of the comparison circuit 1210 and the switch circuit 1230. As a result, the limit voltage VL is also input to the comparison circuit 1210 and the switch circuit 1230.
- the comparison circuit 1210 and the switch circuit 1230 are based on the magnitude relationship between the limit voltage generated by the limit voltage generation circuit 1220 and the differential voltage generated by the differential circuit 1130. It functions as a selection circuit that selects one of the voltages and outputs it to the comparison circuit 1160.
- the switch circuit 1230 includes a switch for outputting either the input voltage VD ′ or the limit voltage VL to the comparison circuit 1160.
- the comparison circuit 1210 compares the input voltage VD ′ with the limit voltage VL. Then, the switch of the switch circuit 1230 is controlled according to the result. Specifically, the switch circuit 1230 outputs the larger one of the voltage VD ′ and the limit voltage VL.
- the output part of start circuit 1240 is connected to the input part of limit voltage generation circuit 1220.
- the start circuit 1240 monitors the AC voltage VA input to the triangular wave generation circuit 1150. When the input of the AC voltage VA is started, the start circuit 1240 generates a limit voltage VL to the limit voltage generation circuit 1220. A start signal for starting is output.
- the output part of counter circuit 1250 is connected to the input part of comparison circuit 1210.
- the counter circuit 1250 monitors the AC voltage VA input to the triangular wave generation circuit 1150, and when the input of the AC voltage VA is started, a clock generated by an oscillator (not shown) is used. Start counting the number. Then, when the counter value exceeds a predetermined threshold value, the comparison circuit 1210 is controlled so that the voltage VD ′ is always output from the switch circuit 1230 thereafter. Specifically, the voltage VD ′ selection instruction signal is output to the comparison circuit 1210.
- the limit voltage generation circuit 1220 starts outputting the limit voltage VL when a start signal is input. Further, when the voltage VD ′ selection instruction signal is input, the comparison circuit 1210 causes the switch circuit 1230 to always output the voltage VD ′. Next, the operation of the gate control unit 1100 that is helpful in the present embodiment will be described with reference to the example shown in FIG.
- the left end is the power generation start timing of the generator.
- the input of AC voltage VA to the triangular wave generation circuit 1150 is started.
- the start circuit 1240 detects this and causes the limit voltage generation circuit 1220 to start outputting the limit voltage VL.
- the voltage value of limit voltage VL should be determined as appropriate by experiment or the like. Usually, a value of about 2Z3 of the maximum voltage value of triangular wave voltage VB is used. If the limit voltage VL has such a voltage value, the limit voltage VL is larger than the voltage VD immediately after the generator starts generating power. For this reason, the triangular wave voltage VB and the limit voltage VL are input to the comparison circuit 1160. Since the comparison circuit 1160 sets the pulse signal VSCR to the low level when the triangular wave voltage VB is larger than the limit voltage VL and sets the pulse signal VSCR to the low level otherwise, as shown in FIG. Compared to the case of FIG.
- the time (charge time) when the pulse signal VSCR is at the high level is shortened.
- the output voltage VO is prevented from rising excessively, and further, the output voltage VO is prevented from becoming too large.
- the voltage VD ' may not easily exceed the limit voltage VL. This is a case where the output voltage VO does not increase easily due to, for example, the battery 300 being old, but the voltage VD ′ is always changed from the switch circuit 1230 after a predetermined time by the control of the comparison circuit 1210 by the counter circuit 1250. As a result, the output voltage VO can be appropriately increased even in such a case.
- the present embodiment is a modification of the gate control unit 1100 according to the second embodiment.
- the counter circuit 1250 controls the comparison circuit 1210. In this embodiment, this is realized by controlling the value of the limit voltage VL. The force that has achieved an appropriate increase in the output voltage vo when the output voltage vo does not readily increase.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing a detailed configuration of the gate control unit 1100 that works on the present embodiment.
- elements common to the components of the gate control unit 1100 (FIG. 16) according to the second embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals.
- the gate control unit 1100 includes a voltage conversion circuit 11 10, a reference voltage generation circuit 1120, a differential circuit 1130, an amplification circuit 1140, a triangular wave generation circuit 1150, and a comparison circuit. 1160, a comparison circuit 1210, a limit voltage generation circuit 1221, a switch circuit 1230, and a start circuit 1240.
- limit voltage generation circuit 1221 includes a CR circuit having a capacitor and a resistor, and a switch. In this capacitor, a charge corresponding to the limit voltage VL is stored in advance.
- the switch connects the CR circuit and the output of the limit voltage generator circuit 1221 and is off in the initial state. When the start signal is input, the switch turns on and capacitor discharge starts. The voltage generated by this discharge is output to the comparison circuit 1210 and the switch circuit 1230 as the limit voltage VL.
- the voltage value of the limit voltage VL output from the limit voltage generation circuit 1221 gradually decreases due to a transient phenomenon and eventually becomes zero.
- the left end is the power generation start timing of the generator.
- the input of AC voltage VA to the triangular wave generation circuit 1150 is started.
- the start circuit 1240 detects this and causes the limit voltage generation circuit 1220 to start outputting the limit voltage VL.
- the voltage value of the limit voltage VL output from the limit voltage generation circuit 1220 gradually decreases. If the limit voltage VL is designed to have a sufficiently large value at the beginning, the output voltage VO can be prevented from rising suddenly. On the other hand, as the limit voltage VL decreases, the voltage VD 'tends to exceed the limit voltage VL. Even if the output voltage VO does not increase easily due to reasons such as the battery 300 being old, the output voltage VO can be increased appropriately.
- the present embodiment is an example in which the configuration of the gate control unit 1100 is further improved in the power conversion device 1000 according to the second embodiment.
- the first embodiment has a problem that if the load (battery 300) is removed during charging, the charging time becomes longer.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a specific example of such a situation. As shown in the figure, when the battery 300 is removed, the AC voltage VA appears as it is in the output voltage VO when the pulse signal VSCR is at a high level. On the other hand, when the pulse signal VSCR is high, the output voltage VO is zero. As a result, the voltage VR, which is the effective value of the voltage VR, gradually decreases, and the voltage VD ′ also decreases accordingly. Then, as shown in Fig. 20, the charging time (the time that the pulse signal VSCR goes high) gradually becomes longer! /
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing a detailed configuration of the gate control unit 1100 that works on the present embodiment.
- elements common to the components of the gate control unit 1100 (FIG. 16) according to the second embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals.
- the gate control unit 1100 includes a voltage conversion circuit 11 10, a reference voltage generation circuit 1120, a differential circuit 1130, an amplification circuit 1140, a triangular wave generation circuit 1150, a comparison circuit. 1160, a comparison circuit 1210, a limit voltage generation circuit 1220, a switch circuit 1230, a start circuit 1240, a counter circuit 1250, and a notch detection circuit 1260.
- the output section of the battery detachment detection circuit 1260 is connected to the input section of the comparison circuit 1210.
- the battery removal detection circuit 1260 is a circuit for detecting that the battery 300 has been removed.
- the AC voltage VA and the output voltage VO are monitored, and when the AC voltage VA is negative (when the AC voltage VA is in a negative cycle), the output power VO is 0. By detecting this, it is detected that the notch 300 is detached. When disconnection of the battery 300 is detected, a battery disconnection detection signal is generated and output to the comparison circuit 1210.
- the comparison circuit 1210 When the battery disconnection detection signal is input, the comparison circuit 1210, even if the switch circuit 1230 always outputs the voltage VD, at that time, then the input voltage V D 'and the limit The switch of the switch circuit 1230 is controlled in accordance with the comparison result with the voltage VL. Specifically, the switch circuit 1230 outputs the larger one of the voltage VD ′ and the limit voltage VL.
- the output voltage V O becomes 0 in the negative cycle of the AC voltage VA.
- the not-yet-miss detection circuit 1260 detects this state. Then, the limit voltage VL is activated as described above.
- the limit voltage VL regulates the upper limit value of the charging time, and as shown in FIG. 22, it is prevented that the charging time is prolonged by these processes.
- the charging time is prevented from being prolonged due to the battery 300 being disconnected.
- the charging time is prevented from becoming longer due to the disconnection of the battery 300, but unlike the fourth embodiment, this is reduced by lowering the target voltage VT. Realize. Details will be described below.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram showing a detailed configuration of the gate control unit 1100 that works on the present embodiment.
- elements common to the components of the gate control unit 1100 (FIG. 2) according to the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals.
- the gate control unit 1100 that works in the present embodiment is a voltage conversion circuit 11. 10, a reference voltage generation circuit 1121, a differential circuit 1130, an amplification circuit 1140, a triangular wave generation circuit 1150, and a comparison circuit 1160.
- the reference voltage generation circuit 1121 further includes a battery disconnection detection circuit 11210, a selection unit 11211, an IV voltage source 11212, and a 2.5V voltage source 11223.
- the target voltage VT in Embodiment 1 is 2.5 V.
- the output unit of battery detachment detection circuit 11210 is connected to the input unit of selection unit 11211.
- the battery disconnection detection circuit 11210 is a circuit for detecting that the battery 300 is disconnected. Specifically, the AC voltage VA and the output voltage VO are monitored, and when the AC voltage VA is negative (when the AC voltage VA is in a negative cycle), the output power VO is 0. Thus, it is detected that the battery 300 is disconnected. Then, when battery detachment is detected, a battery detachment detection signal is generated and output to selection section 11211.
- the selection unit 11211 is connected to the IV voltage source 11212 and the 2.5V voltage source 11223. Usually, the 2.5V voltage source 11223 outputs the voltage of 2.5V as the target voltage VT. Outputs to differential circuit 1130. On the other hand, when the battery detachment detection signal is input, the selection unit 11211 outputs the IV voltage output from the IV voltage source 11212 to the differential circuit 1130 as the target voltage VT. As a result, the target voltage VT is lowered, so that the value of VD 'determined according to the value of VR' one VT is increased, and the charging time is shortened.
- the charging time is prevented from being prolonged due to the battery 300 being disconnected.
- the present embodiment is a modification of the triangular wave generation circuit 1150 in the power conversion apparatus 1000 according to the first embodiment.
- the triangular wave generation circuit 1150 obtains a triangular wave having a staircase having a staircase shape by accumulating the triangular wave voltage VB, but the triangular wave generation circuit 1150 according to the present embodiment has a smooth hypotenuse. Realize obtaining a triangular wave.
- the triangular wave generating circuit 1150 includes a constant current source 11500, a hold circuit 11501, a constant current source 11502, a control unit 11503, switches SW1 to SW4, and capacitors C1 and C2.
- the constant current source 11500, the control unit 11503, and the switches SW1 to SW2 have a predetermined current value while the AC voltage output by the generator is a positive cycle or a negative cycle (here, a positive cycle). It functions as the first charging unit that charges the capacitor C1 with a constant current.
- the hold circuit 11501, the constant current source 11502, the control unit 11503, and the switches SW3 to SW4 charge the capacitor C2 with a constant current having a current value based on the voltage across the terminals of the capacitor C1 after the end of the cycle. Functions as a charging unit.
- the control unit 11503 also functions as a control unit that terminates charging by the second charging unit based on the AC voltage cycle or the voltage across the capacitor C2.
- the triangular wave generation circuit 1150 outputs the voltage between the terminals of the capacitor C2 being charged by the second charging unit as a waveform of a triangular wave voltage.
- the constant current source 11500 is connected to one end of the switch SW1.
- the other end of switch SW1 is connected to one end of capacitor C1 and one end of switch SW2.
- the other end of capacitor C1 is grounded.
- the other end of the switch SW2 is connected to the hold circuit 11501.
- the hold circuit 1 1501 is further connected to a constant current source 11502.
- the constant current source 11502 is connected to one end of the switch SW3, and the other end of the switch SW3 is connected to one end of the capacitor C2 and one end of the switch SW4. The other end of capacitor C2 is grounded. The other end of the switch SW3 is also an output end of the triangular wave generation circuit 1150.
- the constant current source 11500 generates a current whose current value is fixed to I, and one end of the switch SW1 c
- control unit 11503 switches switches SW1 to SW4 according to the values of AC voltage VA and triangular wave voltage VB generated by triangular wave generating circuit 1150. Specifically, when AC voltage VA takes a positive value, SW1 and SW3 are turned on, and SW2 and SW4 are turned off. On the other hand, when AC voltage VA does not take a positive value, SW2 and SW4 are turned on and S Turn off Wl and SW3. However, the control unit 11503 turns off SW3 when the peak value of triangular wave voltage VB reaches target value V described later, regardless of the value of AC voltage VA.
- the capacitor C1 starts discharging when the AC voltage VA does not take a positive value.
- This discharge current is input to the hold circuit 11501 as a result of the operation of the switch SW2.
- the hold circuit 11501 is a circuit that acquires and holds the voltage V of the previous cycle by receiving the input of the discharge current of the capacitor C1.
- the constant current source 11502 generates a current having a constant current value I obtained by the equation (3), and switches
- FIG. 26 shows the relationship between the current value I and the voltage V expressed by the equations (3) and (4). Same
- the square wave generator circuit 1150 is preferably used in a range that does not exceed these limits.
- the voltage between the terminals increases at a constant increase rate corresponding to the magnitude of the constant current value.
- the voltage V between the terminals is set to three during charging of the capacitor C2 with the current value I.
- Capacitor C2 charging time T is determined after SW3 is turned on and SW4 is turned off.
- V 2 V 0 (6)
- FIG. 27 is an explanatory diagram for explaining an example of such a case.
- a lamp in addition to the battery 300 as a load.
- waveform distortion and delay due to battery charging and delay due to lamp lighting occur.
- the voltage value of the triangular wave voltage VB remains at the target value V even after the charging time is over.
- control unit 11503 determines that the voltage value of the triangular wave voltage VB is
- SW3 When standard value V is reached, SW3 is turned off and SW4 is turned on regardless of the value of AC voltage VA.
- control unit 11503 calculates the average of the cycles for the previous several cycles, and the time from when the triangular wave output of the current cycle is started. When the calculated average period is reached, it is also effective to stop the output of triangular wave voltage VB (turn SW3 off and switch SW4 on). In this way, it is possible to reduce the influence of the sudden fluctuation of the generator output cycle on the output cycle of the triangular wave voltage.
- Figure 28 shows the waveform of the voltage applied to both ends of capacitor C1 (C1 voltage waveform) and the voltage applied to both ends of capacitor C2 immediately after the generator starts generating power.
- the waveform (C2 voltage waveform) is shown.
- the rectangular wave voltage VA 'shown in the figure takes a high level when the AC voltage VA is a positive value and takes a low level when the AC voltage VA is a negative value.
- SW1 When the generator starts generating power, SW1 is turned on and SW2 is turned off to a constant current value I.
- the current circuit 11501 holds this voltage V and is expressed by the constant current source 11502
- the triangular wave voltage VB which is shorter than the period T, does not reach the target value V (here 5V), and the time t (
- the voltage value held by the hold circuit 11501 in the initial state (before time t) is indefinite. This figure shows a case where this voltage is a very high value, and at the time t immediately after the elapse of the time t, the output of the triangular wave is completed.
- a triangular wave having a smooth hypotenuse can be obtained, and the time corresponding to the cycle of the previous cycle of the AC voltage VA has elapsed since the start of output of the voltage force triangular wave. When you do, you can stiffen to the target value V.
- the present embodiment is an example in which the power conversion apparatus 1000 according to the first embodiment is applied to a circuit that performs three-phase full-wave rectification.
- the power conversion device 2150 shown in Fig. 29 is configured to perform three-phase full-wave rectification control using the battery 300 and the load 303 as loads, and includes power MOSFETs (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors) Ql to Q6. , Including inverters I1-I3 and gate controller 2152 Consists of.
- the power MOSFETs Ql to Q6 are used as switch units in this embodiment.
- the sources of power MOSFETs Ql to Q3 are connected to the U-phase output, V-phase output, and W-phase output of the three-phase AC generator composed of coil 100, respectively.
- the drains of these power MOSFETs Ql to Ql are connected to the gate control unit 2152, the positive side of the battery 300, and the load 303, and the gates are connected to the gate control unit 2152.
- the drains of power MOSFETs Q4 to Q6 are connected to the U-phase output, V-phase output, and W-phase output of the three-phase AC generator constituted by coil 100, respectively.
- the sources of the power MOSFETs Q4 to Q6 are connected to the gate control unit 2152, the negative side of the battery 300, and the load 303, and the gates are connected to the gate control unit 2152.
- FIG. 30 is a diagram showing a detailed configuration of the gate control unit 2152. As shown in FIG. In the figure, elements common to the components of the gate control unit 1100 (FIG. 2) according to the first embodiment are given the same reference numerals.
- the gate control unit 2152 includes a voltage conversion circuit 1110, a reference voltage generation circuit 1120, a differential circuit 1130, an amplification circuit 1140, a triangular wave generation circuit 1151—W, U, V, triangle
- the wave generation circuit 1152—W, U, V and the comparison circuit 1160—U, V, W are included.
- Triangular wave generator circuit 1151—W, U, and V have AC voltage VA-W, which is the W-phase output of the 3-phase AC generator, AC voltage VA-U, which is the U-phase output, and V-phase output, respectively.
- a certain AC voltage VA—V is input.
- a single-phase AC voltage is input to each triangular wave generation circuit 1151, and each triangular wave generation circuit 1151 generates a triangular wave as described in the first and sixth embodiments.
- a triangular wave is generated and output from each triangular wave generating circuit 1151 as a triangular wave voltage VB—Wl, Ul, VI.
- AC voltage VA-W, AC voltage VA-U, and AC voltage VA-V are also input to triangular wave generation circuit 1152-W, U, V, respectively.
- Each triangular wave generation circuit 1152 inverts the input single-phase AC voltage, and generates a triangular wave as described in the first and sixth embodiments. As a result, when the input single-phase AC voltage is in the negative cycle, a triangular wave is generated, and each triangular wave generating circuit 1152 is generated as a triangular wave voltage VB—W2, U2, V2. Force is output.
- the comparison circuit 1160—U, V, W receives inputs of triangular wave voltages VB—W1 and W2, VB—U1, U2, VB—VI and V2, respectively. Also receives input of voltage VD 'from amplifier circuit 1140. Then, each triangular wave voltage VB and voltage VD 'are compared, and the force that outputs the pulse signals VSCR-U, V, W based on the result is described in detail below with reference to waveform diagrams. .
- FIG. 31 is a waveform diagram of each voltage and the like.
- the example in the figure is an ideal example that does not consider noise or the like, but for the sake of simplicity, the processing of the comparison circuit 1160-U will be described using this example.
- the phase of the AC voltage VA-W is delayed by 240 degrees compared to the AC voltage VA-U.
- the comparison circuit 1160—U compares the triangular wave voltages VB—W1 and W2 generated based on the AC voltage VA—W with the voltage VD ′, and based on the result, compares the pulse signal VSCR—U. Generate.
- the second row in FIG. 31 shows triangular wave voltages VB—W1 and W2, and voltage VD.
- the comparison circuit 1160—U first determines whether the voltage VD ′ is a positive value at the rising timing of the triangular wave voltage VB—W2 (the timing at which the AC voltage VA—W enters the negative cycle). Determine whether. As a result, if the voltage VD 'is not positive, the pulse signal VSCR-U is set to the noise level while the negative cycle of the AC voltage VA-W continues. On the other hand, when the voltage V D ′ is a positive value, the intersection of the hypotenuse of the triangular wave voltage VB—W2 and the voltage VD ′ is calculated, and the pulse signal VSCR—U is set to the high level from the timing of the intersection.
- Comparison circuit 1160 — U generates and outputs VSCR — U as described above. The same applies to the comparison circuit 1160—V, W.
- the pulse signal VSCR—U output from the comparison circuit 1160—U is input to the gate of the power MOSFET Q1.
- Power MOSFETQ1 is a pulse signal input to the gate Only when VSCR—U is high, conducts between source and drain. Since the AC voltage VA—U is input to the source of the power MOSFETQ 1 !, only when the pulse signal VSC R—U is at the high level, the positive terminal of the battery 300 and the load 303 is passed through the power MOSFET Q1. AC voltage VA-U is applied to The fourth row in Fig. 31 shows the AC voltage VA-U applied at this time.
- the pulse signal VSCR-U output from the comparison circuit 1160-U is inverted by the inverter II and input to the gate of the power MOSFET Q4.
- the power MOSFET Q4 conducts between the source and drain only when the inverted pulse signal VSCR—U input to the gate is at high level. Since the AC voltage VA—U is input to the drain of the power MOSFET Q4, only when the inverted pulse signal VSCR—U is at the high level, the AC voltage VA— is connected to the negative terminal of the battery 300 and the load 303 through the MOSFET Q4. U is applied.
- the fifth and sixth stages in FIG. 31 show the inverted pulse signal VSC R-U and the applied AC voltage VA-U, respectively.
- the waveform shown in the seventh row of FIG. 31 shows that the AC voltage VA-U is applied to the positive end and the negative end of the battery 300 and the load 303, respectively. It shows the net voltage applied to both ends. This voltage is the sum of the AC voltage VA-U applied to the positive end and the inverted voltage of the AC voltage VA-U applied to the negative end.
- FIG. 32 shows the voltages of the respective phases applied to both ends of the notch 300 and the load 303 and the total value thereof.
- This total value is the charging voltage of the battery 300.
- VD ′ increases, the charging voltage swings to the negative side, and the battery 300 starts discharging.
- VD 'becomes low the total value moves to the positive side, and the battery 300 is charged.
- the gate controller 2152 causes the power MOSFET Q1 to output the U phase output of the negative voltage as much as possible when the voltage VD 'is relatively large.
- This process is an advance process in that the output timing of the U-phase output is shifted to the negative side. By doing so, current flows from the notch 300 to the generator, the generator is driven as a motor, and the notch 300 is discharged.
- the gate control unit 2152 is configured so that the power MOSFET Q1 outputs a U-phase output of a positive voltage as much as possible. This process is retarded in that the output timing of the U-phase output is shifted to the positive side. By doing so, current flows from the generator to the battery 300, and the battery 300 is charged.
- FIG. 33 is a diagram for explaining the advance angle / delay angle, and is a diagram showing the results of actual experiments.
- a rectangular wave indicating the AC voltage VA-U, a pulse signal VSCR-U, and an output current to the battery 300 and the load 303 are shown.
- the rectangular wave is high level in the positive cycle of the AC voltage VA U and low level in the negative cycle.
- the pulse signal VSCR-U is raised to the noise level, it is lowered to the low level after a predetermined time.
- FIG. 33A shows an advance / retard reference state provided for convenience.
- the pulse signal VSCR-U is raised to the high level when a time of about 7Z20 has elapsed since the start of the negative cycle of the AC voltage VA-U.
- the output current is slightly biased to the positive side. That is, the battery 300 is in a moderately charged state.
- the pulse signal VSCR-U is raised to the high level when the time of about 2Z20 has elapsed from the start of the negative cycle of the AC voltage VA-U.
- the negative cycle of the AC voltage VA-U is almost output and the lead angle processing is performed.
- the output current in this case is biased to the negative side, and the battery 300 is discharged.
- the pulse signal VSCR-U is raised to high level when a time of about 19Z20 has elapsed since the start of the negative cycle of the AC voltage VA-U. In this way, the positive cycle of the AC voltage VA-U is almost output, and the retarding process is performed. As a result, the output current in this case is greatly biased to the positive side, and the battery 300 is in a quick charge state.
- the charge / discharge state of the battery 300 can be controlled depending on how many negative cycles of the AC voltage VA-U are output. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 31, the output level of the negative cycle of each phase is controlled by the magnitude of the voltage VD ′, so that the advance angle process or the retard angle process is performed. The same effect can be obtained.
- power conversion apparatus 1000 can be applied to a circuit that performs three-phase full-wave rectification. At that time, for each phase, the AC voltage output timing from each power MOSFET is controlled based on the AC voltage of the phase shifted by 240 degrees, thereby controlling the advance angle and the retard angle. The state can be created, and the charge / discharge state of the battery 300 can be controlled.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN2007800082796A CN101401288B (zh) | 2006-03-09 | 2007-03-09 | 一种电力转换器 |
US12/281,823 US7729145B2 (en) | 2006-03-09 | 2007-03-09 | Power converter and method, and triangle wave generating circuit |
EP07738164.8A EP1993196B1 (en) | 2006-03-09 | 2007-03-09 | Power conversion device and method, and triangular wave generation circuit |
JP2008503917A JP4718598B2 (ja) | 2006-03-09 | 2007-03-09 | 電力変換装置及び方法並びに三角波発生回路 |
BRPI0708616-4A BRPI0708616B1 (pt) | 2006-03-09 | 2007-03-09 | Conversor de potência e circuito de geração de onda triangular |
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EP (1) | EP1993196B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4718598B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101401288B (ja) |
BR (1) | BRPI0708616B1 (ja) |
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JP2012130196A (ja) * | 2010-12-16 | 2012-07-05 | Shindengen Electric Mfg Co Ltd | 電力変換装置及び出力電圧制御方法 |
JP2012130195A (ja) * | 2010-12-16 | 2012-07-05 | Shindengen Electric Mfg Co Ltd | 電力変換装置及び出力電圧制御方法 |
JP2012130197A (ja) * | 2010-12-16 | 2012-07-05 | Shindengen Electric Mfg Co Ltd | 電圧検出回路、及び電圧変換回路 |
WO2016132440A1 (ja) * | 2015-02-16 | 2016-08-25 | 新電元工業株式会社 | バッテリ充電装置、およびバッテリ充電装置の制御方法 |
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CN101997412B (zh) * | 2009-08-19 | 2013-06-26 | 通嘉科技股份有限公司 | 控制方法 |
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WO2016132440A1 (ja) * | 2015-02-16 | 2016-08-25 | 新電元工業株式会社 | バッテリ充電装置、およびバッテリ充電装置の制御方法 |
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Also Published As
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BRPI0708616B1 (pt) | 2018-08-07 |
EP1993196A4 (en) | 2017-06-28 |
TW200818685A (en) | 2008-04-16 |
US20090073728A1 (en) | 2009-03-19 |
BRPI0708616A2 (pt) | 2011-06-07 |
JP4718598B2 (ja) | 2011-07-06 |
JPWO2007102601A1 (ja) | 2009-07-23 |
CN101401288A (zh) | 2009-04-01 |
US7729145B2 (en) | 2010-06-01 |
EP1993196A1 (en) | 2008-11-19 |
CN101401288B (zh) | 2012-05-30 |
TWI410035B (zh) | 2013-09-21 |
EP1993196B1 (en) | 2018-09-19 |
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