WO2007088772A1 - 超音波探触子 - Google Patents
超音波探触子 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2007088772A1 WO2007088772A1 PCT/JP2007/051191 JP2007051191W WO2007088772A1 WO 2007088772 A1 WO2007088772 A1 WO 2007088772A1 JP 2007051191 W JP2007051191 W JP 2007051191W WO 2007088772 A1 WO2007088772 A1 WO 2007088772A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- acoustic matching
- matching layer
- acoustic
- ultrasonic probe
- rubber
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/02—Mechanical acoustic impedances; Impedance matching, e.g. by horns; Acoustic resonators
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/44—Constructional features of the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic device
- A61B8/4444—Constructional features of the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic device related to the probe
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R17/00—Piezoelectric transducers; Electrostrictive transducers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an ultrasonic probe used for transmitting ultrasonic waves to a subject such as a living body or receiving ultrasonic waves from the subject.
- An ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus irradiates a living subject such as a human animal with an ultrasonic wave, detects an echo signal reflected in the living body, and displays a tomographic image of tissue in the living body on a monitor. Provide information necessary for diagnosis of subjects. At this time, the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus uses an ultrasonic probe to transmit ultrasonic waves into the subject and receive echo signals from the subject.
- FIG. 12 shows an example of such an ultrasonic probe.
- the ultrasonic probe 20 includes a plurality of piezoelectric elements 11 arranged in a certain direction for transmitting and receiving ultrasonic waves to and from a subject (not shown), and a subject of the piezoelectric elements 11.
- Acoustic matching layer 12 (12a, 12b, 12c) consisting of one or more layers (three layers in the figure) provided on the front side (upper side of FIG. 12) and the object side surface of acoustic matching layer 12
- the acoustic lens 13 and the back load material 14 provided on the back surface opposite to the acoustic matching layer 12 with respect to the piezoelectric element 11 are configured.
- Electrodes are arranged on the front surface and the back surface of the piezoelectric element 11, respectively, and transmit and receive electrical signals to and from the piezoelectric element 11.
- the piezoelectric element 11 is formed by a piezoelectric ceramic such as a PZT system, a single crystal, a composite piezoelectric material in which the above materials and a polymer are combined, or a high molecular piezoelectric material represented by PVDF or the like, and converts voltage into ultrasonic waves. Then, the signal is transmitted into the subject, or the echo reflected in the subject is converted into an electric signal and received.
- a plurality of piezoelectric elements 11 are arranged in the X direction. Such a plurality of arrangements of the piezoelectric elements 11 can be deflected or focused by electronically scanning ultrasonic waves, enabling so-called electronic scanning.
- the acoustic matching layer 12 is provided to efficiently transmit and receive ultrasonic waves into the subject. More specifically, it plays a role of bringing the acoustic impedance of the piezoelectric element 11 close to the acoustic impedance of the subject stepwise.
- the acoustic matching layer 12 is integrally formed on the plurality of piezoelectric elements 11, but is divided and arranged corresponding to each piezoelectric element 11.
- a configuration that widens the directivity of ultrasonic waves is also known (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- the acoustic lens 13 plays a role of narrowing the ultrasonic beam in order to increase the resolution of the diagnostic image.
- the acoustic lens 13 is formed in a force-bulb shape that extends along the Y direction in the figure (a direction orthogonal to the arrangement direction X of the piezoelectric elements 11) and is convex in the Z direction.
- the sound beam can be focused in the Y direction.
- the acoustic lens 13 is an optional element and is provided as necessary.
- the back surface load member 14 is coupled to and holds the piezoelectric element 11, and further plays a role of attenuating unnecessary ultrasonic waves.
- the X direction in the figure is also referred to as the “(piezoelectric element) arrangement direction”, the Y direction as the “(piezoelectric element) width direction”, and the Z direction as the “(piezoelectric element) thickness direction”. Shall be.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-125494
- Patent Document 2 JP 2005-198261
- An electronic scanning ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus is a group of piezoelectric elements that are driven by giving a certain delay time to each piezoelectric element, and transmitting and receiving ultrasonic waves from the piezoelectric element into the subject.
- the ultrasonic beam is converged or diffused, and an ultrasonic image having a wide viewing width or high resolution can be obtained.
- This configuration is already known as a general system.
- As an ultrasonic probe in order to obtain such a high-resolution ultrasonic image, it is important that the piezoelectric element force acoustic matching layer arranged in a plurality of predetermined directions to be electronically scanned, and further, If necessary, the directivity of the ultrasonic beam emitted to the subject through the acoustic lens is wide.
- An electronic scanning ultrasonic probe is a group of piezoelectric elements (for example, 64 elements) arranged in a plurality. By controlling the phase by delaying the transmission / reception time of each child, the ultrasonic beam is narrowed to a desired position to make the beam thin and high resolution, or the ultrasonic beam is deflected to form a fan shape. To scan.
- the opening of the ultrasonic wave becomes larger by that amount, and the beam is strongly focused. In other words, it can be made thinner, and as a result, the resolution can be improved.
- all acoustic matching layers are divided and adjoined corresponding to a plurality of piezoelectric elements arranged in a certain direction as shown in Patent Document 1. For example, the acoustic coupling between the piezoelectric element and the acoustic matching layer may be reduced.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described conventional circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide an ultrasonic probe that can be easily processed and can obtain a high-resolution image.
- the ultrasonic probe of the present invention includes a plurality of arranged piezoelectric elements and an acoustic matching layer provided on one surface of the plurality of piezoelectric elements as a rubber elastic material force.
- the acoustic matching layer is provided without being divided, it is not necessary to perform division processing together with the piezoelectric element, so that it is possible to eliminate the difficulty of processing and obtain a stable ultrasonic probe. Can do.
- the directivity can be equal to or wider than that obtained by dividing the acoustic matching layer.
- phase control can be freely performed using an array of many piezoelectric elements, and the ultrasonic beam can be narrowed and deflected to obtain an ultrasonic image with high resolution.
- the ultrasonic probe of the present invention is characterized in that an acoustic impedance of the rubber elastic material is larger than an acoustic impedance of the subject smaller than an acoustic impedance of the piezoelectric element.
- the acoustic impedance of the rubber elastic material is made larger than the acoustic impedance of the subject that is smaller than the acoustic impedance of the piezoelectric element, so that the acoustic impedance of the piezoelectric element is gradually increased. Therefore, it is possible to transmit and receive ultrasonic waves efficiently within the subject.
- the ultrasonic probe of the present invention is characterized in that the sound velocity of the acoustic matching layer has a value of 1650 m / sec or less.
- the ultrasonic probe of the present invention further includes an acoustic matching layer arranged individually corresponding to each piezoelectric element between the acoustic matching layer and the plurality of piezoelectric elements. It is characterized by.
- the processing is stable. Therefore, an ultrasonic probe can be created with high accuracy.
- a divided acoustic matching layer is provided between the planar acoustic matching layer and the plurality of piezoelectric elements, the acoustic impedance of the piezoelectric element is brought close to the acoustic impedance of the subject stepwise to apply ultrasonic waves. It can be sent and received efficiently within the subject.
- the present invention provides a plurality of arranged piezoelectric elements and one surface of the plurality of piezoelectric elements, an acoustic impedance is 1.8 to 2.2 megarails, and a sound velocity is 1650 m / sec, or A third acoustic matching layer having a value less than that; and first and second acoustic matching layers provided between the third acoustic matching layer and the plurality of piezoelectric elements. It is an ultrasonic probe.
- the acoustic impedance of the third acoustic matching layer is 1.8 to 2.2 megarails, the sound velocity is 1650 mZsec or less, and the first and second acoustic matching layers are
- the acoustic impedance of the piezoelectric element can be brought close to the acoustic impedance of the subject in a stepwise manner, and ultrasonic waves can be efficiently transmitted and received within the subject.
- the third acoustic matching layer is provided on one surface of the plurality of piezoelectric elements, and the first and second acoustic matching layers are: It is characterized by being arranged individually corresponding to each piezoelectric element.
- the first and second acoustic matching layers arranged individually corresponding to each piezoelectric element are provided between the third acoustic matching layer and the plurality of piezoelectric elements.
- the acoustic impedance of the piezoelectric element can be gradually approached to the acoustic impedance of the subject, and ultrasonic waves can be efficiently transmitted and received within the subject.
- the ultrasonic probe of the present invention is characterized in that the third acoustic matching layer is a rubber elastic material.
- the ultrasonic probe of the present invention is provided with a plurality of arranged piezoelectric elements and a second surface having a sound velocity of 1650 mZsec or less, provided on one surface of the plurality of piezoelectric elements. And a third acoustic matching layer, and a first acoustic matching layer provided between the second and third acoustic matching layers and the plurality of piezoelectric elements.
- the second and third acoustic matching layers are provided on one surface of the plurality of piezoelectric elements, and the first acoustic matching layers are respectively It is characterized by being arranged individually corresponding to the piezoelectric elements.
- the ultrasonic probe of the present invention is characterized in that the second and third acoustic matching layers are made of a rubber elastic material.
- the ultrasonic probe of the present invention is provided with a plurality of arranged piezoelectric elements and one surface of the plurality of piezoelectric elements, and a sound velocity is 4650 mZsec or less. And a first, second, and third acoustic matching layer provided between the fourth acoustic matching layer and the plurality of piezoelectric elements.
- the directivity is equal to or wider than the configuration in which the acoustic matching layer is divided. can do.
- the acoustic impedance of the piezoelectric elements gradually approaches the acoustic impedance of the subject.
- ultrasonic waves can be efficiently transmitted and received within the subject.
- the fourth acoustic matching layer is provided on one surface of the plurality of piezoelectric elements, and the first, second, and third acoustic matching are performed.
- the layers are individually arranged so as to correspond to the respective piezoelectric elements.
- the provision of the fourth acoustic matching layer reduces the number of acoustic matching layers that are added and divided together with the piezoelectric element, thereby eliminating the difficulty of processing and providing a stable ultrasonic probe. You can get a child.
- the third and fourth acoustic matching layers are provided on one side of the plurality of piezoelectric elements, and the first and second acoustic matching layers are It is characterized by being arranged individually corresponding to each piezoelectric element. [0041] According to the above configuration, by providing the third and fourth acoustic matching layers, the number of acoustic matching layers to be processed and divided together with the piezoelectric element is reduced. An ultrasonic probe can be obtained.
- the ultrasonic probe of the present invention is characterized in that the third acoustic matching layer is made of a rubber elastic material and has a sound velocity of 1650 m / sec or less.
- the ultrasonic probe according to the present invention is characterized in that the fourth acoustic matching layer is a rubber elastic material.
- the acoustic matching layer is made of a rubber elastic material, and the sound velocity is set to a value of 1650 m / sec or less, so that the acoustic matching layer is equal to or more than the divided configuration.
- the ultrasonic probe of the present invention is an ultrasonic probe comprising a back surface load material and a plurality of piezoelectric elements arranged on the top surface of the back surface load material, the back surface load material and the above A first polymer film provided between each of the plurality of piezoelectric elements and individually provided with an electrical terminal corresponding to each piezoelectric element; and provided on an upper surface of each of the plurality of piezoelectric elements.
- First acoustic matching layers arranged individually in correspondence with each other, and a second polymer film provided on the upper surface of the first acoustic matching layer and provided with electrical terminals individually corresponding to each piezoelectric element
- a second acoustic matching layer provided on the upper surface of the second polymer film and arranged individually corresponding to each piezoelectric element, and provided on the upper surface of the second acoustic matching layer, and rubber Elastic material force 3rd acoustic Characterized in that it comprises an etching layer.
- the third acoustic matching layer by forming the third acoustic matching layer with a rubber elastic material, it is possible to widen the frequency band and expand the directivity.
- the third acoustic matching layer without dividing, the number of acoustic matching layers that are processed and divided together with the piezoelectric element is reduced, so that the difficulty of processing can be solved.
- an electrical terminal can be easily formed by providing an electrical terminal on the polymer film. As a result, it is possible to freely control the phase by using a large number of piezoelectric element arrays, to narrow down and deflect the ultrasonic beam, and to obtain an ultrasonic image with high resolution.
- the sound velocity of the third acoustic matching layer is 1650m. It has a value of / sec or less.
- the acoustic impedance of the second polymer film is smaller than the acoustic impedance of the second acoustic matching layer, and the thickness is 0 with respect to the operating frequency. It is characterized by being less than 07 wavelengths.
- the ultrasonic probe of the present invention is an ultrasonic probe including a plurality of piezoelectric elements arranged on the upper surface of a back surface load material, wherein the back surface load material and the plurality of piezoelectric elements are provided.
- a first polymer film provided between the first piezoelectric film and an electrical terminal; and a first acoustic pine provided on an upper surface of the plurality of piezoelectric elements and individually arranged corresponding to each piezoelectric element.
- a second polymer film provided on the upper surface of the chucking layer, the first acoustic matching layer, and individually provided with electrical terminals corresponding to each piezoelectric element; and the upper surface of the second polymer film.
- a second acoustic matching layer having a rubber elastic material force and a third acoustic matching layer provided on the upper surface of the second acoustic matching layer and also having a rubber elastic material force.
- the second and third acoustic matching layers with a rubber elastic material, it is possible to widen the frequency band and expand the directivity.
- the second and third acoustic matching layers without being divided, the number of acoustic matching layers that are processed and divided together with the piezoelectric elements is reduced, so that the difficulty of processing can be eliminated.
- an electrical terminal can be easily formed by providing an electrical terminal on the polymer film. Accordingly, it is possible to freely control the phase using an array of many piezoelectric elements, to narrow and deflect the ultrasonic beam, and to obtain an ultrasonic image with high resolution.
- the ultrasonic probe of the present invention is characterized in that the rubber elastic material is mainly composed of synthetic rubber, silicone rubber, urethane rubber or elastomer.
- the main component of the synthetic rubber is an ethylene-propylene copolymer rubber, a black-open rubber, a butadiene rubber, an isoprene rubber, a styrene-butadiene copolymer rubber, or an acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer rubber material. It is characterized by that.
- the acoustic matching layer provided on one surface of the piezoelectric element is made of a rubber elastic material, so that the acoustic matching layer without dividing the acoustic matching layer can be obtained. Since directivity equivalent to or higher than that of the divided configuration can be achieved, it is possible to provide an ultrasonic probe that is easy to process and that provides a high-resolution diagnostic image.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing the ultrasonic probe according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view showing an ultrasonic probe according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view showing an ultrasonic probe according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view showing an ultrasonic probe according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view showing an ultrasonic probe according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic perspective view showing an ultrasonic probe according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9a is a schematic perspective view showing the ultrasonic probe according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9b is a schematic sectional view showing the ultrasonic probe according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic perspective view showing an ultrasonic probe according to a second embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic perspective view showing the configuration of an ultrasonic probe according to the prior art.
- FIG. 1 shows a partial schematic perspective view of an ultrasonic probe 10 according to the first embodiment.
- the ultrasonic probe 10 includes a plurality of arranged piezoelectric elements 1 and acoustic matching arranged on the front side in the thickness direction on the subject side (upper side in the figure) corresponding to each piezoelectric element 1.
- Layer 2 first acoustic matching layer
- back load material 3 disposed on the thickness direction rear surface (downward in the figure) on the opposite side of acoustic matching layer 2 with respect to piezoelectric element 1, if necessary, It is composed of four acoustic lenses arranged on the acoustic matching layer 2 as required.
- the functions of these components are the same as those described in the prior art.
- a ground electrode 5 is provided on the front surface in the thickness direction Z of the piezoelectric element 1, and a signal electrode 6 is provided on the back surface. Both electrodes 5 and 6 are formed on the front and back surfaces of the piezoelectric element 1 by gold or silver deposition, sputtering, or silver baking, respectively.
- Both electrodes 5, 6 are electrically connected to an ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus (not shown) via an electric terminal 7 via a cable, and apply a regular pulse voltage generated by the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus to the piezoelectric element 1. Conversely, the echo reception wave converted into an electrical signal by the piezoelectric element 1 is transmitted to the main body of the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus.
- the piezoelectric element 1 is divided into individual parts, and the parts of the divided grooves are filled with a material such as silicone rubber or urethane rubber having a small acoustic coupling. Yes.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between the directivity angle of the ultrasonic waves in the arrangement direction X of the plurality of piezoelectric elements 1 shown in FIG. 1 and the sound velocity of the rubber elastic material of the sound matching layer 2. .
- the so-called electronic scanning type ultrasonic probe 10 in which a plurality of piezoelectric elements 1 are arranged, the arranged piezoelectric elements 1 It is an important point to improve the resolution of the ultrasound image how wide the directivity in the X direction can be.
- the piezoelectric element 1 provided on the back load material 3 is divided by a slicing machine or the like, and the divided grooves are filled with silicone rubber or urethane rubber. Thereafter, an acoustic matching layer 2 made of a rubber elastic material is provided on the surface of the piezoelectric elements 1 divided and arranged.
- the acoustic matching layer 2 is made of a material having a value between the acoustic impedances of the piezoelectric element 1 and the subject (not shown), and its thickness is Basically, the thickness is one quarter of the frequency used. Furthermore, an acoustic lens 4 is provided on the surface of the acoustic matching layer 2 with a material such as silicone rubber as necessary.
- the acoustic matching layer 2 is conventionally provided on the piezoelectric element 1 in order to widen directivity, and then divided in the same manner as the piezoelectric element 1. This is because if the acoustic matching layer 2 is not divided into the same elements as the piezoelectric element 1, the acoustic matching layer 2 is continuously connected. This is in order to avoid the narrowing.
- the piezoelectric element 1, the acoustic matching layer 2, and even a part of the back load material 3 are jointly divided by a slicing machine, and the division interval is particularly narrow as 0.1 mm. In order to process a plurality of materials together, it becomes difficult to uniformly and stably divide the material.
- a single piece of piezoelectric elements 1 connected to each other without being divided is arranged on the surface of the piezoelectric element 1 in which only the piezoelectric elements 1 are divided and arranged so that the processing can be easily performed uniformly and stably.
- the acoustic matching layer 2 of rubber elastic material is provided in this state, and the directivity can be equal to or higher than that of the configuration in which the acoustic matching layer 2 is divided.
- the rubber elastic body as the material of the acoustic matching layer 2 uses a material having a value between the acoustic impedances of the piezoelectric element 1 and the subject, and the thickness is a thickness of a quarter wavelength of the operating frequency. Based on. As a result of examining various materials as an acoustic matching layer 2 through experiments, it was found that there was a difference in directivity even in materials with the same rubber elastic body, hardness, and acoustic impedance. It was.
- the intensity of the ultrasonic beam radiated in the direction Z decreases by 6 dB in the direction of about 23 degrees from the direction Z.
- the divided grooves of the piezoelectric element 1 and the acoustic matching layer 2 are filled with a silicone rubber material.
- the silicone rubber (hard material) is used as the material of the acoustic matching layer 2.
- the dividing groove into which the piezoelectric element 1 is divided is filled with a silicone rubber material in the same manner as the structure in which the acoustic matching layer 2 is divided.
- materials other than urethane rubber which are the materials listed above, use materials filled with an arbitrary amount of fillers such as alumina, carbon, or calcium carbonate in order to adjust acoustic impedance.
- FIG. 2 shows the results of the relationship between the directivity angle measured at a level of 6 dB at a frequency of 3.5 MHz and the sound speed of the material. As shown in Fig. 2, there is a good correlation with the sound speed, and the correlation coefficient is 0.86. This proved that in the configuration in which the acoustic matching layer 2 is not divided, it is necessary to pay attention to the speed of sound when widening the directivity.
- the directivity angles when the materials of the acoustic matching layer 2 used are used are as follows.
- Each directivity angle is 25 degrees for silicone rubber, 23.5 degrees for chloroprene rubber, 23.5 degrees for ethylene-propylene copolymer rubber, 22.9 degrees for acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer rubber, urethane.
- the result was 20 degrees for rubber.
- the variation in the measurement results is considered to be about ⁇ 0.5 degrees.
- the sound velocity of the acoustic matching layer 2 should be about 1650mZsec.
- a material having a sound speed of 165 OmZsec or less for example, a material such as silicone rubber, as shown in FIG.
- the speed of sound is around 1650mZsec or less than that of urethane rubber (for example, urethane resin for medium size made by SUNREC Co., Ltd.
- the speed of sound is 1580 mZsec and the acoustic impedance is 2.1 megarails), so the standard of sound is that the directivity angle is narrower with urethane rubber.
- the material is basically limited to a rubber elastic material.
- the acoustic matching layer 2 is provided as a single continuous film without being divided in the same manner as the piezoelectric element 1, the acoustic matching layer is used when securing or widening directivity. It was necessary to pay attention to the speed of sound of the second material.
- a material having an acoustic impedance value of about 2 megarails as listed in the above material is not limited to a rubber elastic material but also exists in a plastic material or the like.
- fillers are filled in polyethylene, polystyrene, or epoxy resin shown in Reference 2.
- the speed of sound of these materials is about 1800 mZsec or more, and when these materials are configured without dividing the acoustic matching layer 2 as in the configuration of this embodiment, As can be seen from the trend in Figure 2, the directivity becomes narrower. When such a material is used, it is necessary to divide the acoustic matching layer 2 in the same manner as the piezoelectric element 1 so that the directivity is widened.
- the material of the acoustic matching layer 2 when the main component is a rubber elastic body such as synthetic rubber, silicone rubber, or urethane rubber, the force described above, an elastomer having a rubber elastic body is also used. The same effect can be obtained even when a series of materials is used.
- a rubber elastic body such as synthetic rubber, silicone rubber, or urethane rubber
- the case where the piezoelectric elements are arranged one-dimensionally has been described.
- the same effect can be obtained when the piezoelectric elements are arranged two-dimensionally.
- a configuration in which a plurality of piezoelectric elements are arranged has been described.
- a rubber elastic body may be used for the acoustic matching layer even in the case of a single body in which no piezoelectric elements are arranged. .
- FIG. 3 shows a partial schematic perspective view of the ultrasonic probe 10 according to the second embodiment.
- This ultrasonic probe 10 has a plurality of arranged piezoelectric elements 1 and two layers arranged on the front side in the thickness direction on the subject side (upper side in the figure) corresponding to each piezoelectric element 1.
- the back load material 3 is arranged on the back in the thickness direction (lower part of the figure), and if necessary, it is composed of four acoustic lenses arranged on the acoustic matching layer 2 (2a, 2b) .
- the functions of these components are the same as those described in the prior art.
- the ground electrode 5 is provided on the front surface in the thickness direction Z of the piezoelectric element 1, and the signal electrode 6 is provided on the back surface. Both electrodes 5 and 6 are formed on the front and back surfaces of the piezoelectric element 1 by gold or silver deposition, sputtering, or silver baking, respectively.
- Both electrodes 5 and 6 are electrically connected to an ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus (not shown) via an electric terminal 7 via a cable, and apply a regular pulse voltage generated by the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus to the piezoelectric element 1. Conversely, the echo reception wave converted into an electrical signal by the piezoelectric element 1 is transmitted to the main body of the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus.
- the piezoelectric element 1 and the first acoustic matching layer 2a located on the piezoelectric element 1 side are individually divided, and acoustic coupling is performed to the divided grooves. It is filled with materials such as small silicone rubber and urethane rubber. Furthermore, the piezoelectric element
- the second acoustic matching layer 2b On the upper surface of the acoustic matching layer 2a located on the 1 side, the second acoustic matching layer 2b is provided with a continuous film that is not divided. Furthermore, if necessary, an acoustic lens is provided using a material such as silicone rubber.
- the resolution of the ultrasonic image is improved by how wide the directivity in the X direction of the arranged piezoelectric elements 1 can be increased. It is the same as in the first embodiment that it is an important point.
- the acoustic matching layer 2 is a single layer.
- a piezoelectric ceramic such as a PZT system is used as the piezoelectric element.
- the directivity cannot be widened unless the acoustic matching layer 2 is divided as in the piezoelectric element 1. It was. This is because it is divided by a slicing machine like the piezoelectric element 1. For this reason, the thickness of the acoustic matching layer 2 is increased by increasing the number of layers, and the amount of material to be divided becomes larger, which makes it difficult to work when dividing, making it uniform and stable. It has become difficult to create.
- the present embodiment has a configuration that can solve these problems and widen the directivity.
- the piezoelectric element 1 and the piezoelectric element 1 are positioned as shown in FIG.
- the acoustic matching layer 2a is divided and a single acoustic matching layer 2b is provided on the upper surface of the acoustic matching layer 2a.
- the material of the piezoelectric element 1 is a material such as a piezoelectric ceramic such as PZT, a piezoelectric single crystal such as PZN-PT or PMN-PT, or a composite piezoelectric material in which the material is combined with a polymer.
- a piezoelectric ceramic such as PZT
- a piezoelectric single crystal such as PZN-PT or PMN-PT
- a composite piezoelectric material in which the material is combined with a polymer.
- an epoxy resin in which a filler such as metal or oxide is filled in a graphite or epoxy resin is used for the acoustic matching layer 2a.
- the materials of the acoustic matching layer 2b are those described in the first embodiment, such as silicone rubber, chloroprene rubber, ethylene-propylene copolymer rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer rubber, and urethane rubber.
- silicone rubber chloroprene rubber, ethylene-propylene copolymer rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer rubber, and urethane rubber.
- urethane rubber The same material as the rubber elastic body is used.
- a filler such as a metal or an oxide is used as the main material of the rubber elastic body. It can be obtained by filling and adjusting.
- the acoustic matching layer 2b is provided as a single continuous film without being divided, and the directivity is equal to or more than the directivity of the configuration in which the acoustic matching layer 2b is divided.
- the rubber elastic body material is selected so that the sound velocity of the rubber elastic body material is 1650 mZsec or less. This is obtained from the result shown in FIG. 2 of the first embodiment.
- the processing is stable even if divided at a narrow interval (for example, O.lmm).
- a narrow interval for example, O.lmm
- the acoustic matching layer 2a located on the piezoelectric element 1 side of the two acoustic matching layers 2 is divided in the same manner as the piezoelectric element 1, and is further continuously formed on the upper surface of the acoustic matching layer 2a.
- attention must be paid to the sound speed of the material of the acoustic matching layer 2b in order to ensure or widen the directivity.
- the acoustic matching layer 2b material is not limited to a rubber elastic material, but also exists in a plastic material or the like.
- a plastic material or the like there are materials such as polyethylene, polystyrene, polyimide, epoxy resin or epoxy resin shown in Reference 2 filled with a filler, but the sound speed of these materials is 1800 mZsec or more.
- the directivity angle becomes narrow as is apparent from the results shown in FIG.
- the acoustic matching layer 2b needs to be divided similarly to the piezoelectric element 1 and the acoustic matching layer 2a.
- the case where two acoustic matching layers 2 are used has been described.
- three or more acoustic matching layers are provided, and acoustic matching is located on the subject side. The same effect can be obtained even when the layers are formed in a continuous form using a rubber elastic material without dividing the layers.
- the case where the piezoelectric elements are arranged one-dimensionally has been described. However, the same effect can be obtained when the piezoelectric elements are arranged two-dimensionally.
- a configuration in which a plurality of piezoelectric elements are arranged will be described.
- a rubber elastic body may be used for the acoustic matching layer even in the case of a single body in which the piezoelectric elements are not arranged.
- FIG. 4 shows a partial schematic perspective view of the ultrasound probe 10 according to the third embodiment.
- the ultrasonic probe 10 includes a plurality of arranged piezoelectric elements 1 and three layers arranged on the front side in the thickness direction on the subject side (upper side in the figure) corresponding to each piezoelectric element 1.
- the rear load material 3 is arranged, and if necessary, the acoustic lens 4 force is arranged on the acoustic matching layer 2 (2a, 2b, 2c).
- the functions of these components are the same as those described in the prior art.
- a ground electrode 5 is provided on the front surface in the thickness direction Z of the piezoelectric element 1, and a signal electrode 6 is provided on the back surface. Both electrodes 5 and 6 are formed on the front and back surfaces of the piezoelectric element 1 by gold or silver deposition, sputtering, or silver baking, respectively.
- Both electrodes 5 and 6 are electrically connected to an ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus (not shown) via an electrical terminal 7 via a cable, and apply a regular pulse voltage generated by the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus to the piezoelectric element 1. Conversely, the echo reception wave converted into an electrical signal by the piezoelectric element 1 is transmitted to the main body of the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus.
- the piezoelectric element 1, and the first acoustic matching layer 2a and the second acoustic matching layer 2b located on the piezoelectric element 1 side are individually divided, and these divided
- the groove is filled with materials such as silicone rubber and urethane rubber that have a small acoustic coupling.
- a continuous film that does not divide the third acoustic matching layer 2c is provided on the upper surface of the second acoustic matching layer 2b.
- an acoustic lens is provided using a material such as silicone rubber.
- the resolution of the ultrasonic image is improved by how the directivity in the X direction of the arranged piezoelectric elements 1 can be increased. It is the same as in the second embodiment that this is an important point.
- the acoustic matching layer 2 is two layers.
- a further wide band can be achieved.
- the acoustic matching layer 2 (2a, 2b, 2c) must be divided in the same manner as the piezoelectric element 1 as shown in References 1 and 2. It was a force that could not widen the directivity.
- the thickness of the acoustic matching layer 2 is increased by increasing the number of layers in order to divide it by a slicing machine, etc., in the same way as the piezoelectric element 1. Due to the increased amount of material, it is difficult to process when dividing, making it difficult to create a uniform and stable material.
- the present embodiment has a configuration that can solve these problems, can achieve a wide bandwidth, and can widen directivity.
- the piezoelectric element 1 and the first and second acoustic matching layers 2a and 2b located on the piezoelectric element 1 side are Further, the first acoustic matching layer 2a and the second acoustic matching layer 2b are further divided so that one continuous third acoustic matching layer 2c is provided.
- the material of the piezoelectric element 1 includes materials such as piezoelectric ceramics such as PZT, piezoelectric single crystals such as PZN-PT and PMN-PT, or composite piezoelectric materials in which the above materials are combined with polymers.
- the first acoustic matching layer 2a is made of silicon single crystal having a value in the range of acoustic impedance of 8 to 20 megarail, glass such as quartz or fused quartz, free-cutting ceramic, or graphite.
- the second acoustic matching layer 2b is a graphite having an acoustic impedance in the range of 3 to 8 megarails, or an epoxy resin filled with a filler such as a metal or an oxide. Use epoxy resin.
- the material of the third acoustic matching layer 2c is mainly composed of a rubber elastic body such as silicone rubber, chloroprene rubber, ethylene-propylene copolymer rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer rubber, and urethane rubber. Is used.
- the acoustic impedance of each of the acoustic matching layers 2 (2a, 2b, 2c) is selected depending on each material or frequency characteristics. For example, the frequency is set to a center frequency of 3.5 MHz, the acoustic impedance of the back load material 3 is 7 megarails, and the piezoelectric element 1 is a PZT-based piezoelectric ceramic material equivalent to PZT-5H.
- Layer 2a uses a graph impedance of acoustic impedance 9 Megarails
- the second acoustic matching layer 2b uses epoxy resin filled with an acid with an acoustic impedance of 4 Megarails
- the third acoustic matching layer 2c The acoustic impedance was calculated in a configuration with a variable range of 1.5 to 2.5 megarails.
- Figure 5 shows the results of evaluations at a frequency characteristic ratio band of 1-6 dB and pulse lengths of 6 dB, 20 dB, and -40 dB.
- the horizontal axis is the acoustic impedance value of the third acoustic matching layer 2c
- the left vertical axis is the pulse length
- the right vertical axis is the frequency ratio band (bandwidth / center frequency) at -6 dB. Represents.
- the pulse length is almost the same even if the acoustic impedance of the third acoustic matching layer 2c changes at the level of 6dB, but it changes at the level of 20dB and 40dB, and the acoustic impedance It can be seen that the value is small in the range of 1.8 to 2.3 Megarails. The smaller the pulse length, the higher the resolution and the better. Therefore, it is important to reduce the pulse length to improve the resolution.
- the greater the value of the ratio band the deeper the resolution and the depth of test.
- the ratio band will be 80% or less, and wideband noise will not be possible. I understand.
- the acoustic impedance of the third acoustic matching layer 2c is preferably in the range of 1.8 to 2.2 megarails.
- the material in which the acoustic impedance of the third acoustic matching layer 2c is in the range of 1.8 to 2 megarails a material obtained from the main material of the main rubber elastic body can be used as it is.
- a material having an acoustic impedance outside the range can be obtained by filling with a filler and adjusting.
- the third acoustic matching layer 2c is provided as a single continuous film without being divided.
- the elastic material is a rubber elastic body whose directivity is equal to or greater than the directivity of the configuration obtained by dividing the third acoustic matching layer 2c, and the sound velocity of the elastic material is It is to select a material having a value of 1650 mZsec or less. This is the same as the result shown in FIG. 2 of the first embodiment.
- the first and second acoustic matching layers 2a and 2b located on the piezoelectric element 1 side of the three acoustic matching layers 2 are divided in the same manner as the piezoelectric element 1, and the second In the configuration in which one continuous third acoustic matching layer 2c is provided on the top surface of the acoustic matching layer 2b, the sound velocity of the material of the third acoustic matching layer 2c is used to ensure or widen the directivity. It is necessary to pay attention to.
- a material suitable for the third acoustic matching layer 2c is not limited to a rubber material, and a plastic material or the like is also conceivable.
- a plastic material or the like is also conceivable.
- the directivity angle becomes narrower as is apparent from the results shown in FIG.
- the third acoustic matching layer 2c must be divided in the same manner as the piezoelectric element 1 and the first and second acoustic matching layers 2a and 2b.
- the material of the third acoustic matching layer 2c is chloroprene rubber, ethylene-propylene copolymer rubber, or acrylonitrile-butene copolymer rubber that is a synthetic rubber.
- chloroprene rubber ethylene-propylene copolymer rubber
- acrylonitrile-butene copolymer rubber that is a synthetic rubber.
- other synthetic rubbers such as butadiene rubber, isoprene rubber, styrene butadiene copolymer rubber, or acrylic rubber.
- the acoustic matching layer 2 is three layers.
- four or more acoustic matching layers are provided, and the acoustic matching layer located on the subject side is provided. The same effect can be obtained even when the layers are formed in a continuous form using a rubber elastic material without dividing the layers.
- the case where the piezoelectric elements are arranged one-dimensionally has been described. However, the same effect can be obtained when the piezoelectric elements are arranged two-dimensionally.
- the force described for the configuration in which a plurality of piezoelectric elements are arranged is used.
- three or more acoustic matching layers are formed on the subject side. Even if a rubber elastic body is used for the acoustic matching layer located at, a wide band effect can be obtained.
- FIG. 6 shows a partial schematic perspective view of the ultrasonic probe 10 according to the fourth embodiment.
- This ultrasonic probe 10 has a plurality of arranged piezoelectric elements 1 and three layers arranged on the front side in the thickness direction corresponding to each piezoelectric element 1 on the subject side (upper side in the figure).
- the rear load material 3 is arranged, and the acoustic lens 4 force is arranged on the acoustic matching layer 2 (2a, 2b, 2c) as necessary.
- the functions of these components are the same as those described in the prior art.
- the ground electrode 5 is provided on the front surface in the thickness direction Z of the piezoelectric element 1, and the signal electrode 6 is provided on the back surface. Both electrodes 5 and 6 are formed on the front and back surfaces of the piezoelectric element 1 by gold or silver deposition, sputtering, or silver baking, respectively. [0130] Both electrodes 5 and 6 are electrically connected to an ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus (not shown) via an electric terminal 7 and via a cable, and apply a regular pulse voltage generated by the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus to the piezoelectric element 1. Conversely, the echo reception wave converted into an electrical signal by the piezoelectric element 1 is transmitted to the main body of the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus.
- the piezoelectric element 1 and the first acoustic matching layer 2a located on the piezoelectric element 1 side are individually divided, and acoustic coupling is made to the divided groove portions. It is filled with materials such as small silicone rubber and urethane rubber. Further, a continuous film is provided on the upper surface of the first acoustic matching layer 2a without dividing the second acoustic matching layer 2b and the third acoustic matching layer 2c. Furthermore, if necessary, an acoustic lens is provided using a material such as silicone rubber.
- the resolution of the ultrasonic image is improved by how the directivity in the X direction of the arranged piezoelectric elements 1 can be increased. It is the same as in the second and third embodiments that this is an important point.
- the acoustic matching layer 2 has two layers.
- a further broadband display is possible.
- the acoustic matching layer is made up of three or more layers, as shown in References 1 and 2, the acoustic matching layer 2 (2a, 2b, 2c) must also be divided similarly to the piezoelectric element 1. In other words, it was a force that could not broaden the directionality.
- the present embodiment solves these problems, has a configuration capable of wideband transmission and wide directivity.
- the piezoelectric element 1 and the first acoustic matching layer 2a located on the piezoelectric element 1 side are divided, and further The configuration is such that the second and third acoustic matching layers 2b and 2c are provided on the upper surface of the first acoustic matching layer 2a.
- the material of piezoelectric element 1 includes piezoelectric ceramics such as PZT, PZN-PT, PMN-P
- a material such as a piezoelectric single crystal such as a T-based material or a composite piezoelectric material in which the above materials and a polymer are combined is used.
- the first acoustic matching layer 2a has an acoustic impedance in the range of 8 to 20 megarails.
- a material such as silicon single crystal, quartz, fused silica, etc., free-cutting ceramic, or graphite is used, and the second acoustic matching layer 2b has an acoustic impedance of 3 to 8 megarails.
- a rubber elastic body filled with a filler such as metal powder or oxide powder having a range of values is used.
- the material of the third acoustic matching layer 2c is a material mainly composed of a rubber elastic body such as silicone rubber, chloroprene rubber, ethylene-propylene copolymer rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer rubber, and urethane rubber. Is used.
- the point of this embodiment is that the second acoustic matching layer 2b is also provided in a configuration that is not divided like the third acoustic matching layer 2c.
- the directivity becomes narrow as described above, which is not desirable.
- the directionality is narrowed even if the configuration is not divided, and it is better to have as few components as possible when processing and dividing. This is described in the embodiment.
- the second acoustic matching layer 2b is also the third acoustic matching layer as described in FIG. 2 and the third embodiment. If the material is a rubber elastic material such as the acoustic matching layer 2c and the sound velocity is 1650 mZsec or less, the directivity can be obtained without dividing the second acoustic matching layer 2b. It is possible to obtain a habit characteristic that is not narrow.
- the second acoustic matching layer 2b is a material having an acoustic impedance in the range of 3 to 8 megarails and a sound velocity of 1650 m / sec or less, for example, acrylo-tolyl-butadiene.
- a material filled with copper metal powder (average particle size 1.2 micrometer) filler at a ratio of 9 by weight to polymerized rubber 1 has an acoustic impedance of 5.3 megarails and a sound velocity of 1070 mZsec.
- the second acoustic matching layer 2b is made of a material having a desired value.
- the material of the second acoustic matching layer 2b As the material of the second acoustic matching layer 2b, a case has been described in which a material in which a filler of copper powder is filled in acrylonitrile monobutadiene copolymer rubber, which is a synthetic rubber, is used. Power This chloroprene rubber, ethylene-propylene copolymer rubber, butadiene rubber, isoprene rubber, styrene-butadiene copolymer rubber or acrylic rubber, synthetic rubber, silicone rubber, urethane rubber, elastomer-based materials, etc. The same effect can be obtained even if the material is a combination of fillers.
- the acoustic matching layer 2 is three layers.
- four or more acoustic matching layers are provided, and the acoustic matching layer located on the subject side is provided. The same effect can be obtained even when the layers are formed in a continuous form using a rubber elastic material without dividing the layers.
- the case where the piezoelectric elements are arranged one-dimensionally has been described. However, the same effect can be obtained when the piezoelectric elements are arranged two-dimensionally.
- the force described for the configuration in which a plurality of piezoelectric elements are arranged is used.
- three or more acoustic matching layers are formed on the subject side. Even if a rubber elastic body is used for the acoustic matching layer located at, a wide band effect can be obtained.
- FIG. 7 shows a partial schematic perspective view of the ultrasonic probe 10 according to the fifth embodiment.
- the ultrasonic probe 10 includes a plurality of arranged piezoelectric elements 1 and four layers arranged on the front side in the thickness direction on the subject side (upper side in the figure) corresponding to each piezoelectric element 1.
- the back load material 3 is arranged on the lower side of the acoustic lens 4 and, if necessary, the acoustic lens 4 force is arranged on the acoustic matching layer 2 (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d).
- the functions of these components are the same as those described in the prior art.
- a ground electrode 5 is provided on the front surface in the thickness direction Z of the piezoelectric element 1, and a signal electrode 6 is provided on the back surface. Both electrodes 5 and 6 are formed on the front and back surfaces of the piezoelectric element 1 by gold or silver deposition, sputtering, or silver baking, respectively.
- Both electrodes 5, 6 are electrically connected to an ultrasonic diagnostic device (not shown) via a cable via an electrical terminal 7, and a regular pulse voltage generated by the ultrasonic diagnostic device is applied to the piezoelectric element 1. Conversely, the echo reception wave converted into an electrical signal by the piezoelectric element 1 is transmitted to the main body of the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus.
- the piezoelectric element 1 and the acoustic matching layers 2a, 2b and 2c located on the piezoelectric element 1 side are individually divided, and the divided grooves are acoustically separated. It is filled with materials such as silicone rubber and urethane rubber that have a small bond. Furthermore, a continuous film that does not divide the acoustic matching layer 2d is provided on the upper surface of the acoustic matching layer 2c. Furthermore, if necessary, an acoustic lens is provided using a material such as silicone rubber.
- the resolution of the ultrasonic image is improved by how wide the directivity in the direction of the arranged piezoelectric elements 1 can be increased. This is an important point.
- the acoustic matching layer 2 provided on the subject side of the piezoelectric element 1 By making the acoustic matching layer 2 provided on the subject side of the piezoelectric element 1 into multiple layers, a wide band can be obtained. However, when the acoustic matching layer is multi-layered to four or more layers, the three acoustic matching layers 12 are divided in the same way as the piezoelectric element 11 as shown in FIG. 12 (see Patent Documents 1 and 2). If it was not made the structure, the directivity could not be widened. [0154] This is because, as with the piezoelectric element 11, the acoustic matching layer 12 is further multi-layered by dividing the acoustic matching layer 12 in order to be divided by a slicing machine or the like. Due to the increased amount of material, it is difficult to process when dividing, making it difficult to create uniform and stable materials. The present embodiment has a configuration in which these problems are solved, a wide band is possible, and a wide directivity can be obtained.
- the first, second, and third acoustic matching layers 2a, 2b, 2c is divided, and a single fourth acoustic matching layer 2d is provided on the upper surface of the third acoustic matching layer 2c.
- the material of the piezoelectric element 1 is a material such as a piezoelectric ceramic such as PZT, a piezoelectric single crystal such as PZN-PT or PMN-PT, or a composite piezoelectric material in which the material is combined with a polymer.
- the first acoustic matching layer 2a is made of a material such as silicon single crystal, crystal, tellurite glass, or free-cutting ceramics having an acoustic impedance smaller than that of the piezoelectric element 1.
- a glass-based material typified by fused quartz or the like whose acoustic impedance is smaller than that of the first acoustic matching layer 2a, graphite, or epoxy resin, metal or oxide
- the acoustic impedance is smaller than that of the second acoustic matching layer 2b.
- the material of the fourth acoustic matching layer 2d includes silicone rubber, chloroprene rubber, ethylene-propylene copolymer rubber, and acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer having an acoustic impedance smaller than that of the third acoustic matching layer 2c.
- a material mainly composed of polymer rubber and rubber elastic body such as polyurethane rubber is used.
- the thickness of these acoustic matching layers 2 (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) is based on the thickness of a quarter wavelength of the used frequency.
- the piezoelectric element 1 and the first, second, and third acoustic matching layers 2 (2a, 2b, and 2c) are divided so that the processing is easy, uniform, and stable.
- the fourth acoustic matching layer 2d made of a rubber elastic material is provided in a single piece connected to the upper surface of the third acoustic matching layer 2c without being divided. Force and directivity are the fourth acoustic pine The point is that it can be made equal to or more than the structure divided up to 2d.
- the acoustic matching layer is made of a rubber elastic material, and the sound velocity is high as described in Fig. 2 of the first embodiment. Any material having a value of 1650 mZsec or less may be used. A material with this property is used for the fourth acoustic matching layer.
- the material of the fourth acoustic matching layer 2d As the material of the fourth acoustic matching layer 2d, the force explained when the main body uses a rubber elastic body such as synthetic rubber, silicone rubber, or urethane rubber. Even if a system material is used, the same effect can be obtained.
- a rubber elastic body such as synthetic rubber, silicone rubber, or urethane rubber.
- the case where the piezoelectric elements are arranged one-dimensionally has been described. However, the same effect can be obtained when the piezoelectric elements are arranged two-dimensionally.
- a configuration in which a plurality of piezoelectric elements are arranged has been described. However, in the case of a single element in which no piezoelectric elements are arranged, three or more acoustic matching layers are formed on the subject side. Even if a rubber elastic body is used for the acoustic matching layer, a wide band effect can be obtained.
- the fourth acoustic matching layer located on the subject side of the acoustic matching layer defines the speed of sound with a rubber elastic body and is configured not to be divided, thereby increasing the frequency bandwidth and directivity.
- An ultrasonic probe can be obtained, and the phase can be freely controlled using an array of many piezoelectric elements, the ultrasonic beam can be narrowed down, and the ultrasonic beam can be deflected. Therefore, it is possible to obtain an ultrasonic probe that provides an ultrasonic image with high resolution.
- FIG. 8 shows a partial schematic perspective view of the ultrasonic probe 10 according to the sixth embodiment.
- This ultrasonic probe 10 has a plurality of arranged piezoelectric elements 1 and four layers arranged on the front side in the thickness direction on the subject side (upper side in the figure) corresponding to each piezoelectric element 1.
- the back load material 3 is arranged on the lower side of the acoustic lens 4 and, if necessary, the acoustic lens 4 force is arranged on the acoustic matching layer 2 (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d).
- the functions of these components are the same as those described in the prior art.
- a ground electrode 5 is provided on the front surface in the thickness direction Z of the piezoelectric element 1, and a signal electrode 6 is provided on the back surface. Both electrodes 5 and 6 are formed on the front and back surfaces of the piezoelectric element 1 by gold or silver deposition, sputtering, or silver baking, respectively.
- Both electrodes 5 and 6 are electrically connected to an ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus (not shown) via an electric terminal 7 via a cable, and apply a regular pulse voltage generated by the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus to the piezoelectric element 1. Conversely, the echo reception wave converted into an electrical signal by the piezoelectric element 1 is transmitted to the main body of the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus.
- the piezoelectric element 1 and the first and second acoustic matching layers 2a and 2b positioned on the piezoelectric element 1 side are divided. It is filled with materials such as silicone rubber and urethane rubber that have low acoustic coupling.
- a continuous film is provided on the upper surface of the second acoustic matching layer 2b without dividing the third acoustic matching layer 2c and the fourth acoustic matching layer 2d. Furthermore, if necessary, a configuration in which an acoustic lens is provided using a material such as silicone rubber is adopted. [0171] In the so-called electronic scanning type ultrasonic probe 10 in which a plurality of piezoelectric elements 1 are arranged, the resolution of the ultrasonic image is improved by how the directivity in the X direction of the arranged piezoelectric elements 1 can be increased. It is the same as in the first embodiment that it is an important point.
- the piezoelectric element 1 and the first and second acoustic matching layers 2a and 2b located on the piezoelectric element 1 side are In addition, a third acoustic matching layer 2c is provided on the upper surface of the second acoustic matching layer 2b, and a fourth acoustic matching layer 2d is provided on the upper surface of the third acoustic matching layer 2c.
- the material of the piezoelectric element 1 includes materials such as piezoelectric ceramics such as PZT, piezoelectric single crystals such as PZN-PT and PMN-PT, or composite piezoelectric materials in which the above materials and polymers are combined.
- the first acoustic matching layer 2a is made of a material such as silicon single crystal, crystal, tellurite glass, or free-cutting ceramics having an acoustic impedance smaller than that of the piezoelectric element 1.
- a glass-based material typified by fused quartz or the like whose acoustic impedance is smaller than that of the first acoustic matching layer 2a, graphite, or epoxy resin, metal or oxide
- the acoustic impedance is smaller than that of the second acoustic matching layer 2b.
- a natural material having a sound velocity of 1650 mZsec or less is used.
- the material of the fourth acoustic matching layer 2d includes silicone rubber, chloroprene rubber, ethylene-propylene copolymer rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer having an acoustic impedance smaller than that of the third acoustic matching layer 2c.
- a material mainly composed of elastic rubber such as polymer rubber and urethane rubber is used.
- the thickness of these acoustic matching layers 2 (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) is based on the thickness of a quarter wavelength of the used frequency.
- the piezoelectric element 1 and the first and second acoustic matching layers 2 (2a, 2b) are divided and arranged so as to be easily processed, uniformly, and stably formed.
- a third acoustic matching layer 2c made of a rubber elastic material in a state of being connected to the upper surface of the second acoustic matching layer 2b without being divided, and further on the upper surface in the same manner as the third acoustic matching layer 2c.
- the fourth acoustic matching layer 2d is provided in a single connected state without being divided. Force The point is that the directivity can be made equal to or more than the configuration in which the third and fourth acoustic matching layers 2c and 2d are divided.
- the directivity becomes narrow as described above, which is not desirable. However, there is no problem if the directivity is reduced even if the configuration is not divided, and it is better to reduce the number of components as much as possible when processing and dividing. Explains.
- the third acoustic matching layer 2c also has a fourth configuration as described in FIG. 2 and the first embodiment. If the material is a rubber elastic material, such as the acoustic matting layer 2d, and the force and speed of sound are 1650 mZsec or less, the directivity can be reduced without dividing the third acoustic matching layer 2c. It is possible to obtain certain characteristics.
- the third acoustic matching layer 2c has a value that the acoustic impedance has between the second and fourth acoustic matching layers 2b and 2d, and the sound velocity has a value of 1650 mZsec or less.
- acrylonitrile butadiene copolymer rubber 1 is filled with copper metal powder (average particle size 1.2 micrometers) at a ratio of 9 in a material with an acoustic impedance of 5.3 megarails and a sound speed of 1070 m. / sec, and a material having a characteristic value desired for the third acoustic matching layer 2c is used.
- a material having acoustic impedance and sound velocity values required for the third acoustic matching layer 2c can be obtained.
- Power This chloroprene rubber, ethylene-propylene copolymer Synthetic rubber such as synthetic rubber, butadiene rubber, isoprene rubber, styrene butadiene copolymer rubber or acrylic rubber, silicone rubber, urethane rubber, elastomeric materials, etc. Is obtained.
- the acoustic matching layer 2 is four layers.
- two or more acoustic matching layers are provided and positioned on the subject side. The same effect can be obtained even when the acoustic matching layer is formed as a continuous body using a rubber elastic material without dividing the acoustic matching layer.
- the case where the piezoelectric elements are arranged one-dimensionally has been described. However, the same effect can be obtained when the piezoelectric elements are arranged two-dimensionally.
- the force described for the configuration in which a plurality of piezoelectric elements are arranged is used.
- three or more acoustic matching layers are formed on the subject side. Even if a rubber elastic body is used for the acoustic matching layer located at, a wide band effect can be obtained.
- FIG. 9a shows a partial schematic perspective view of the ultrasonic probe 10 according to the seventh embodiment
- FIG. 9b shows a schematic cross-sectional view seen from the X direction shown in FIG. 9a.
- the ultrasonic probe 10 includes a plurality of arranged piezoelectric elements 1, and three layers arranged on the front side in the thickness direction on the subject side (upper side in the figure) corresponding to each piezoelectric element 1.
- the rear load material 3 is arranged, and the acoustic lens 4 force is arranged on the acoustic matching layer 2 (2a, 2b, 2c) as necessary.
- the functions of these components are the same as those described in the prior art.
- the ground electrode 5 is provided on the front surface in the thickness direction Z of the piezoelectric element 1, and the signal electrode 6 is provided on the back surface. Both electrodes 5, 6 can be used for gold or silver deposition, sputtering, or silver firing. Formed on the front and back surfaces of the piezoelectric element 1 by soldering or the like.
- a film 8 (first polymer film) in which a polymer film such as polyimide is provided with a metal film such as copper is provided between the signal electrode 6 and the film 8.
- the metal film electrical terminals 7 are in contact with each other, and the polymer film is in contact with the back load material 3 side.
- a conductor such as a graphite (in the case of an insulator material, a metal conductor is formed by wrapping around the insulator).
- a first acoustic matching layer 2a is provided, and on the upper surface of the first acoustic matching layer 2a, a polymer film such as polyimide and a metal film such as copper (thickness has little effect on characteristics!
- a film 9 second polymer film provided with 5 micrometers or less
- the first acoustic matching layer 2a which is the conductor, and the metal film of the film 9 are in contact with each other.
- a second acoustic matting layer 2b of graphite or epoxy resin in which a filler such as metal or oxide is filled in epoxy resin is provided on the upper surface of the polymer film of the film 9.
- a filler such as metal or oxide is filled in epoxy resin.
- the material of the first acoustic matching layer 2a is an insulator
- this structure is established if a conductor is formed on the entire periphery of the insulator by a method such as plating.
- the material of the matching layer 2a need not be a conductor.
- the second acoustic matching layer 2b may be an insulator or a conductor.
- a part of the back load material 3, the film 8, the piezoelectric element 1, the first acoustic matching layer 2a, the film 9, and the second acoustic matching layer 2b are slicing machine. Process and divide with etc.
- the divided groove after the division is filled with a material such as silicone rubber or urethane rubber having a small acoustic coupling, and the second acoustic matching layer 2 b and the upper surface of the portion filled in the division groove are filled with the first groove.
- 3 acoustic matching layer 2c is provided.
- the third acoustic matching layer 2c is provided in a connected state without being divided as shown in the figure.
- the material of the third acoustic matching layer 2c is a material mainly composed of rubber elastic bodies such as silicone rubber, chloroprene rubber, ethylene-propylene copolymer rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer rubber, and urethane rubber. Is used. If necessary, the third An acoustic lens 4 using a material such as silicone rubber is formed on the upper surface of the acoustic matching layer 2c.
- the signal electrode 6 passes through the metal film of the electrical terminal 7 of the film 8, and the ground electrode 5 passes through the first acoustic matching layer 2a and the conductor of the metal film of the film 9, via the cable.
- This is an electrical connection that is electrically connected to an ultrasonic diagnostic device (not shown) and applied by the ultrasonic diagnostic device to the regularity V and pulse voltage applied to the piezoelectric element 1 and conversely converted into an electrical signal by the piezoelectric element 1.
- a wave is transmitted to the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus main body.
- the acoustic impedances of the piezoelectric element 1 and the subject are about 30 megarails and about 1.54 megarails, respectively, and the difference between them is large, resulting in an acoustic mismatch.
- the band becomes narrower.
- a wide frequency band can be obtained.
- the number of acoustic matching layers can be increased by increasing the number of layers to two layers from one layer and three layers from two layers.
- the directivity of the piezoelectric element 1 with a frequency of 3.5 MHz is divided when the distance between the piezoelectric elements 1 is 0.38 mm (the state in which two divided by an interval of 0.19 mm are electrically bundled).
- the angle is defined at a level of 6 dB
- the type of configuration in which the acoustic matching layer 2 is divided simultaneously with the piezoelectric element 1 has a directivity angle of about 23 degrees.
- the dividing groove into which the piezoelectric element 1 and the first and second acoustic matching layers 2a and 2b are divided is filled with a silicone rubber material.
- Piezoelectric element 1 is divided into the same specifications by the above method, and among the three acoustic matching layers, the first and second acoustic matching layers 2a and 2b on the piezoelectric element 1 side are the piezoelectric elements.
- a silicone rubber is used as the material for the third acoustic matching layer 2 located on the subject side.
- Hardness is Shore A hardness 76, sound velocity 915 mZsec, acoustic impedance 2.1 M-rails
- Chloroprene rubber Hardness is Shore A hardness 70, sound velocity 1630 mZsec, sound impedance 2.16 M-rails
- ethylene propylene Copolymer rubber hardness is Shore A hardness 65, sound speed 1480mZsec, acoustic impedance 1.94 Megarails
- Atari mouth-tolulu butadiene copolymer rubber hardness is Shore A hardness 60, sound speed 1640mZsec, acoustic inn -Dance 1.97 megarails
- urethane rubber hardness is Shore A hardness 78, sound velocity 1850mZsec, acoustic impedance 1.98 megarails
- An acoustic lens made of silicone rubber was provided on the top surface of 2, and the directional characteristics of ultrasonic waves in the direction
- the divided groove where the piezoelectric element 1 and the first and second acoustic matching layers are divided is divided into the second acoustic matching layer 2.
- the divided groove width is about 0.03 mm at this time
- a material filled with an arbitrary amount of filler such as alumina, carbon, or calcium carbonate is used in order to adjust acoustic impedance.
- Each directivity angle is 25 degrees for silicone rubber, 23.5 degrees for chloroprene rubber, 23.5 degrees for ethylene-propylene copolymer rubber, 22.9 degrees for acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer rubber, urethane
- the result was 20 degrees for rubber.
- the variation in the measurement results is considered to be about ⁇ 0.5 degrees.
- the acoustic matching layer If the speed of sound is limited, the value should be 1650 mZsec, or a rubber elastic material having a value less than that.
- the acoustic matching layer 2 is configured to have a multilayer structure with three layers, and the force is applied to the third acoustic matching layer 2c located on the subject side at a sound speed of 1650 m / sec.
- a rubber elastic material having a value less than or equal to or less than that is used so as not to be divided so that the directivity can be widened.
- the acoustic matching layer 2 is multi-layered with three layers, it is possible to increase the bandwidth, and these directivity angles and the directivity of the configuration in which the conventional acoustic matching layer 2 is divided together with the piezoelectric element 1 are also possible.
- the sound velocity of the acoustic matching layer 2 located on the subject side should be made of a material close to 1650 mZsec. become.
- urethane rubber which has a narrow directivity angle, has a sound velocity of around 1650mZsec or less than that of urethane rubber (for example, urethane resin for mid-size UE-644 grade manufactured by SUNREC Co., Ltd. Since the speed of sound is 1580 mZsec and the acoustic impedance is 2.1 megarails), the standard of urethane rubber is that the directivity angle is narrower. If a material with a speed of sound of 1650 mZsec or less is selected, the material is basically limited to a rubber elastic material.
- the acoustic matching layer 2 is continuous without being divided in the same manner as the piezoelectric element 1. In the configuration provided with a single film of shape, when securing or widening the directivity, it was necessary to pay attention to the sound speed of the material of the acoustic matching layer 2.
- the material having the acoustic impedance of the third acoustic matching layer 2c having a value in the vicinity of 2 megarails as described in the above material is present not only in the rubber material but also in the plastic material.
- the plastic material for example, there are materials such as polyethylene, polystyrene, or epoxy resin shown in Reference 2 filled with a filler, but the sound velocity of these materials is about 18 OOmZsec or more.
- the third acoustic matching layer 2c is configured not to be divided as in the configuration of the embodiment, the directivity is narrowed as is apparent from the tendency of FIG. When such a material is used, it is necessary to divide the acoustic matching layer 2 in the same manner as the piezoelectric element 1 so that the directivity is widened.
- the metal film of the film 9 provided between the first and second acoustic matching layers is a force that uses a material such as copper. Therefore, the influence on the frequency characteristics is small, so there is no need to consider it, but the polymer film of film 9 is made of a material such as polyimide.
- the acoustic impedance of the polymer film is smaller than that of the first and second acoustic matching layers 2a and 2b, and is about 3 megarails, and the sound velocity is as slow as 2200 m / sec. Affects properties.
- the acoustic impedance of each acoustic matching layer in a configuration with three acoustic matching layers is 8 to 20 megarails for the first acoustic matching layer 2a, 3 to 8 megarails for the second acoustic matching layer,
- the third acoustic matching layer has a value in the range of 1.7-2.4 Megarails!
- the acoustic impedance of the first acoustic matching layer is 10 megarails
- the acoustic impedance force of the second acoustic matching layer is a megarails material
- a polyimide material is used as the polymer film of the film 9
- Figure 10 shows the result of calculating the ratio band at 6 dB of the frequency characteristics at a frequency of 3.5 MHz when configured with three acoustic matching layers.
- the horizontal axis shows the value obtained by normalizing the thickness of the polyimide polymer film as film 8 with the wavelength
- the vertical axis shows the frequency band of the frequency characteristic at -6 dB (in the bandwidth Z). Show the value of the heart frequency).
- the acoustic matching layer is composed of three layers, a wide band characteristic of 90% or more is obtained, and as the thickness of the film 9 increases, the specific band is increased. It tends to become smaller and smaller. Considering the use of three acoustic matching layers to increase the bandwidth, it is necessary to secure at least 90% of the specific bandwidth.
- the polymer thickness of film 9 must be 0.07 wavelength or less.
- the thickness below 0.07 wavelength is 44 micrometers or less.
- the rubber elastic body is provided in the material of the third acoustic matching layer located on the subject side of the acoustic matching layer, so that it is possible to widen the frequency and expand the directivity.
- the difficulty of processing is eliminated.
- the electrical terminal is taken out from the conductor provided on the film, a high-quality and stable ultrasonic probe can be obtained.
- the phase can be freely controlled using an array of many piezoelectric elements, the ultrasonic beam can be narrowed down, and the ultrasonic beam can be deflected, so that an ultrasonic image with high resolution can be obtained.
- An ultrasonic probe providing can be obtained.
- the material of the third acoustic matching layer 2c is chloroprene rubber, ethylene-propylene copolymer rubber, or acrylonitrile-butene copolymer rubber, which is a synthetic rubber.
- chloroprene rubber ethylene-propylene copolymer rubber
- acrylonitrile-butene copolymer rubber which is a synthetic rubber.
- other synthetic rubbers such as butadiene rubber, isoprene rubber, styrene butadiene copolymer rubber, or acrylic rubber.
- the force described in the case where a rubber elastic body such as synthetic rubber, silicone rubber, or urethane rubber is used as the material of the third acoustic matching layer 2c. Similar effects can be obtained even when an elastomeric material having an elastic body is used.
- the structure described in which a plurality of piezoelectric elements are arranged has been described.
- three or more acoustic matching layers are formed. Even if a rubber elastic body is used for the acoustic matching layer located on the specimen side, there is an effect that a wide band can be obtained.
- FIG. 11 is a partial schematic perspective view of the ultrasonic probe 10 according to the eighth embodiment.
- the ultrasonic probe 10 includes a plurality of arranged piezoelectric elements 1 and three layers arranged on the front side in the thickness direction corresponding to each piezoelectric element 1 on the subject side (upper side in the figure).
- the rear load material 3 is arranged, and the acoustic lens 4 force is arranged on the acoustic matching layer 2 (2a, 2b, 2c) as necessary.
- the functions of these components are the same as those described in the prior art.
- a ground electrode 5 is provided on the front surface in the thickness direction Z of the piezoelectric element 1, and a signal electrode 6 is provided on the back surface. Both electrodes 5 and 6 are formed on the front and back surfaces of the piezoelectric element 1 by gold or silver deposition, sputtering, or silver baking, respectively.
- a film 8 (first polymer film) in which a polymer film such as polyimide is provided with a metal film such as copper is provided between the signal electrode 6 and the film 8.
- the metal film electrical terminals 7 are in contact with each other, and the polymer film is in contact with the back load material 3 side.
- the ground electrode 5 side provided on one surface of the piezoelectric element there is a conductor such as a graphite (in the case of an insulator material, a metal conductor is formed by wrapping around the insulator).
- the first one The acoustic matching layer 2a is provided. After forming the structure as described above, a part of the back load material 3, the film 8, the piezoelectric element 1, and the first acoustic matching layer 2a are divided by scanning with a slicing machine or the like.
- the divided groove after the division is filled with a material such as silicone rubber or urethane rubber having a small acoustic coupling, and further, on the upper surface of the first acoustic matching layer 2a and the portion filled in the division groove.
- a film 9 second polymer film
- a second acoustic matching layer 2b is provided on the upper surface of 9, and a third acoustic matching layer 2c is further provided on the upper surface (subject side) of the second acoustic matching layer 2b.
- the film 9, and the second and third acoustic matching layers 2b and 2c are provided in a connected state without being divided as illustrated.
- the materials of the second and third acoustic matching layers 2c are mainly rubber elastic materials such as silicone rubber, chloroprene rubber, ethylene-propylene copolymer rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer rubber, and urethane rubber. Is used.
- an acoustic lens 4 using a material such as silicone rubber is formed on the upper surface of the third acoustic matching layer 2c.
- the second acoustic matching layer 2b is provided so as not to be divided similarly to the third acoustic matching layer 2c. If the second acoustic matching layer 2b is not divided like the piezoelectric element 1, the directivity becomes narrow as described above, which is not desirable. However, if the directivity is narrowed even in a configuration that does not divide, it is better to reduce the number of components as much as possible when processing and dividing. Yes.
- the second acoustic matching layer 2b is also used in the second and seventh embodiments.
- a rubber elastic material such as the third acoustic matching layer 2c and a material having a sound velocity of 1 650 m / sec or less!
- the second acoustic matching layer 2b is a material having an acoustic impedance in the range of 3 to 8 megarails and a sound velocity of 1650 mZsec or less.
- a material in which a filler of copper metal powder (average particle size 1.2 micrometer) is filled at a ratio of 9 by weight to the chloro-tolulu butadiene copolymer rubber 1 has an acoustic impedance of 5.3 megarails.
- the sound velocity is 1070 mZsec, and a material having the desired value of characteristics as the second acoustic matching layer 2b can be obtained.
- a material mainly composed of a synthetic rubber-based rubber elastic body is filled with other high-density fillers such as tungsten, silver, iron, nickel and other metal powders and oxides.
- a material having acoustic impedance and sound velocity values required for the second acoustic matching layer 2b can be obtained.
- the thickness of the polymer film 9 of the film 9 provided between the first acoustic matching layer and the second acoustic matching layer 2b is 0.07 wavelength or less as in the first embodiment.
- synthetic rubber chloroprene rubber, ethylene-propylene copolymer rubber, and acrylonitrile butadiene copolymer rubber are used as materials for the second and third acoustic matching layers 2b and 2c.
- synthetic rubbers such as butadiene rubber, isoprene rubber, styrene butadiene copolymer rubber, or talyl rubber.
- the rubber elastic body is provided as the material of the second and third acoustic matching layers of the acoustic matching layer, so that it is possible to widen the frequency band and expand the directivity.
- the second and third acoustic matching layers do not need to be processed and divided together with the piezoelectric element, the additional difficulty is eliminated.
- the conductor-powered electrical terminal provided on the film is taken out, a high-quality and stable ultrasonic probe can be obtained. As a result, it is possible to freely control the phase by using an array of many piezoelectric elements, and the ultrasonic beam can be narrowed down and the ultrasonic beam can be deflected. An ultrasonic probe that provides an image can be obtained.
- the ultrasonic probe according to the present invention can be used in various medical fields for performing ultrasonic diagnosis of a subject such as a human body, and also in an industrial field for the purpose of internal flaw detection of materials and structures. is there.
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (7)
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KR1020137013583A KR20130080860A (ko) | 2006-01-31 | 2007-01-25 | 초음파 탐촉자 |
US12/162,584 US8454518B2 (en) | 2006-01-31 | 2007-01-25 | Ultrasonic probe |
EP07707423.5A EP1981308A4 (en) | 2006-01-31 | 2007-01-25 | ULTRASOUND PROBE |
KR1020087018886A KR101464769B1 (ko) | 2006-01-31 | 2007-01-25 | 초음파 탐촉자 |
JP2007556829A JP5037362B2 (ja) | 2006-01-31 | 2007-01-25 | 超音波探触子 |
CN200780004100XA CN101379871B (zh) | 2006-01-31 | 2007-01-25 | 超声波探针 |
US13/875,764 US8986213B2 (en) | 2006-01-31 | 2013-05-02 | Ultrasonic probe |
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US13/875,764 Continuation US8986213B2 (en) | 2006-01-31 | 2013-05-02 | Ultrasonic probe |
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JP (1) | JP5037362B2 (ja) |
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- 2007-01-25 RU RU2008135361/14A patent/RU2419388C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-01-25 EP EP07707423.5A patent/EP1981308A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-01-25 KR KR1020087018886A patent/KR101464769B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-01-25 CN CN200780004100XA patent/CN101379871B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-01-25 WO PCT/JP2007/051191 patent/WO2007088772A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2007-01-25 KR KR1020137013583A patent/KR20130080860A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
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2013
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Cited By (4)
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WO2012070613A1 (ja) * | 2010-11-25 | 2012-05-31 | 株式会社 東芝 | 超音波プローブ |
JP2012114713A (ja) * | 2010-11-25 | 2012-06-14 | Toshiba Corp | 超音波プローブ |
US8717848B2 (en) | 2010-11-25 | 2014-05-06 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Ultrasound probe |
WO2014013735A1 (ja) * | 2012-07-17 | 2014-01-23 | パナソニック株式会社 | 超音波探触子 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US8986213B2 (en) | 2015-03-24 |
KR20080094020A (ko) | 2008-10-22 |
KR20130080860A (ko) | 2013-07-15 |
EP1981308A1 (en) | 2008-10-15 |
KR101464769B1 (ko) | 2014-11-24 |
US20130245453A1 (en) | 2013-09-19 |
US8454518B2 (en) | 2013-06-04 |
JPWO2007088772A1 (ja) | 2009-06-25 |
EP1981308A4 (en) | 2016-04-06 |
CN101379871A (zh) | 2009-03-04 |
RU2008135361A (ru) | 2010-03-10 |
JP5037362B2 (ja) | 2012-09-26 |
RU2419388C2 (ru) | 2011-05-27 |
US20090062655A1 (en) | 2009-03-05 |
CN101379871B (zh) | 2013-01-02 |
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