Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
  • A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
  • A61L2/04—Heat
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
  • A61L2/0005—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor for pharmaceuticals, biologicals or living parts
  • A61L2/0011—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor for pharmaceuticals, biologicals or living parts using physical methods
  • A61L2/0023—Heat
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
  • A61P7/04—Antihaemorrhagics; Procoagulants; Haemostatic agents; Antifibrinolytic agents

Definitions

• the invention relates to a process for viral inactivation by dry heating.
• Any solid biological material presents a risk of viral contamination and the latter, or its derived products, or products derived from processes in which it intervenes, must be subjected to viral inactivation processes for use in therapy. or in prophylaxis.
• active principles derived from biological sources or active principles that may be contaminated by a biological source during their manufacturing process are used.
• active principles may be proteins, peptides, polypeptides, antibodies, optionally substituted by lipid or carbohydrate groups, nucleic acids, DNA, RNA, polysaccharides, bacteria, viral particles and the like.
• the biological source from which they are derived or likely to contaminate their obtaining process may be any human or animal tissue, blood, plasma, bones, any plant tissue, any microorganism , a cell culture medium, culture of viruses, bacteria, yeasts, molds, fungi. Therefore, it is common to include in the extraction steps active ingredients produced from such biological sources, viral reduction or inactivation steps.
• biological product means a product comprising an active principle produced from a biological source and other compounds or excipients resulting from the process for obtaining said active ingredient.
• Viral inactivation methods by treatment with chemicals and / or heat are known from the prior art. The vast majority of these come from the field of blood transfusion in which the effectiveness of viral inactivation is crucial because we must try to overcome the potential contamination resulting from products from a donor.
• Heating has been advocated from the beginning of the recognition of the viral origin of HIV to inactivate it, especially in blood, plasma, biological products from blood or plasma.
• Dry heating ie heating at a temperature T for a time t of a dry product, has been recommended, for example for freeze-dried or freeze-dried coagulation factor concentrates which have not been heated. in liquid form.
• factor VIII of blood coagulation extracted from human plasma, was heated at 60 ° C. for 72 to 96 hours in the freeze-dried state to secure this biological active ingredient intended for treating hemophiliacs.
• the inconsistency of the viral titre reductions led to the abandonment of this process because several cases of HIV infection in hemophiliacs were identified despite this heating.
• the viral reduction factor of a viral inactivation method is defined as the viral titre reduction factor, i.e. the log 10 of the viral titer ratio, before the viral titre inactivation step after the viral inactivation factor. inactivation step.
• the moisture content is defined as the amount of water by weight per 100g of product. This is why it is expressed as a percentage by weight.
• the conventional method of measurement consists in determining the weight loss of the product after heating at a temperature above 100 ° C. until the weight of the product is constant.
• Bunch et al. (Alpha Therapeutic Corporation) showed that two different moisture levels (0.4 and 1.4%) of a recombinant factor VIII had no influence on the reduction factor of hepatitis A virus (> 6 9 log 10 ) by heating at 80 ° C. for 72 hours.
• Roberts PL et al. (Biologicals, 2000 Sep; 28 (3): 185-8. "Comparison of the inactivation of canine and bovine parvovirus by freeze-drying and dry-heat treatment in two high purity factor VIII concentrates") showed the influence of the formulation of the biological product and the resistance of the virus by viral inactivation of 2 bovine parvovirus and canine by heating at 80 ° C. for 72 h of a Factor VIII concentrate in 2 lyophilized formulations.
• Hart HF et al. (Vox Blood 1994: 67 (4): 345-50 "Effect of terminal (dry) heat treatment on non-enveloped coagulation factor-concentrates") obtained the same reduction factor of hepatitis A virus in lyophilisates of Factor VIII by heating at 80 ° C. for 24h or 90 ° C. for 2 h.
• Tomokiyo et al. (Vox Sang, 2003 Jan; 84 (l): 54-64.
• “Large-scale production and properties of human plasma-derived activated Factor VII concentrate”) by inactivation of different viruses: CMV (Cytomegalovirus), HIV ( Human Acquired Immunodeficiency Virus), BVDV (Bovine Virus Diarrhea Virus), Poliovirus, PPV (Parvovirus Porcin) in Factor VIIa lyophilisates, that viral inactivation in lyophilisates is possible at 65 ° C. Heating at 65 ° C. for 96 h on products whose humidity level is ⁇ 1.7% shows viral reduction factors> 4 log 10 for all viruses except PPV.
• CMV Cytomegalovirus
• HIV Human Acquired Immunodeficiency Virus
• BVDV Bovine Virus Diarrhea Virus
• Poliovirus Poliovirus
• PPV Parvovirus Porcin
• the viruses tested are HAV, porcine parvovirus and pseudorabies virus.
• the inventors have shown that the residual moisture must be greater than or equal to 0.8% to achieve a viral reduction factor of ⁇ 4 log 10 with this method. For residual moisture ⁇ 0.8%, the viral reduction factor is 0.12 logio on average.
• HAV hepatitis A virus
• HAV human immunodeficiency virus
• BVDV bovine viral diarrhea virus
• PSV porcine parvovirus
• the residual moisture of the product to be treated is therefore not the determining factor for the results of viral inactivation by dry heating, but an important factor. on which the determining factor would depend.
• the problem is therefore to determine the measurable multi-factor physico-chemical parameter giving a threshold value on either side of which the viral inactivation will be satisfactory or unsatisfactory.
• this measurable physicochemical parameter is the glass transition temperature of the biological product to be treated.
• the glass transition is a second order transition, ie a thermal transition that involves a change in heat capacity, but not latent heat. It is characteristic of supercooled liquids which are cooled to a sufficiently low temperature sufficiently rapidly without crystallisation and which become a glass and amorphous polymers or of the amorphous part of the crystalline polymers which pass from a hard and brittle state to a soft and soft state .
• the glass transition temperature or Tg is the temperature at which the glass transition occurs. When a polymer is cooled below this temperature it becomes hard and brittle, like glass, it is said to be in the glassy state.
• Elastomeric rubbers such as polyisoprene and polyisobutylene are used above their glass transition temperature, i.e., in the rubbery state, and are soft and flexible.
• the glass transition temperature is known to those skilled in the art as dependent on certain parameters. In the case of polymers, it depends on the molecular weight, the chemical structure of the chain, the amount of plasticizers.
• Plasticizers are small molecules, such as salts, that creep between the polymer molecules and allow them to slide better between them, thus facilitating their movement. The addition of plasticizer thus makes it possible to lower the glass transition temperature.
• high molecular weight molecules block the movement of the polymer molecules together and increase the glass transition temperature.
• the Applicant has shown that the glass transition temperature is directly correlated to the residual moisture of a given Von Willebrand Factor (FvW) lyophilisate.
• FvW Von Willebrand Factor
• the correlation between the glass transition temperature of the lyophilisate and its residual moisture is presented in graph form in FIG. 1.
• the vitreous transition temperature of a biological product therefore depends on the nature of the active ingredient, the nature of the excipients: plasticizers or not, crystalline form or amorphous form, the molecular weight of the excipients and the residual moisture of the biological product.
• the invention relates to a process for viral inactivation by dry heating of a virus present or potentially present in a dried biological product, characterized by the following steps: a) determining the glass transition temperature Tg of the dried biological product to be treated then , - S -
• step b) heating the dried biological product to be treated of step a) to a dry heating temperature T greater than or equal to the glass transition temperature Tg determined in step a).
• a dried product is a product having undergone a drying method known to those skilled in the art such as lyophilization, vacuum drying, pervaporation, atomization.
• a dried product is a freeze-dried product, that is to say a first frozen product, part of whose water is then sublimed under vacuum.
• the Applicant has observed that the viral reduction factor and the viral inactivation kinetics are favored when the heating temperature is greater than or equal to Tg.
• the value of the glass transition temperature therefore makes it possible to predict whether inactivation will be satisfactory and modify it accordingly.
• the measurement of the glass transition temperature of a dried biological product consists in subjecting a sample of this product to a gradual and programmed increase in temperature between -50 ° C. and + 100 ° C. and observing its changes of state. including the glass transition. This gives the thermogram of the dried biological product and in particular its glass transition temperature.
• Tg - Tg is satisfactory depending on the virus concerned to choose a temperature T ⁇ Tg - or if Tg must be adjusted to choose T so that the viral inactivation and stability of the desired product are satisfied.
• Tg is too small for the virus in question to be inactivated at T so that Tg ⁇ T and the product remains stable, then it will increase Tg so that T is within a range of temperature range that it knows can inactivate this virus and that the difference between T and Tg is not important enough for the product to degrade.
• Tg is too high for T ⁇ Tg and the product remains stable then it will decrease Tg before choosing T.
• the method of viral inactivation by dry heating in a biological product according to the invention is particularly suitable in the case of a non-enveloped virus.
• This method can be used to treat a composition containing one or more proteins extracted from blood plasma as a dried biological product.
• the dry heating temperature T is chosen to allow the inactivation of a non-enveloped virus.
• the glass transition temperature is increased by adding high molecular weight excipients to the biological product or by reducing the moisture of the biological product or it is decreased by adding low molecular weight salts or excipients. to the biological product or by increasing the moisture of the biological product.
• the glass transition temperature is measured by means of a differential scanning thermoanalyzer.
• State changes are defined by a a change in heat capacity measured against an inert product that does not undergo transformation within the temperature range considered.
• the heating temperature T of the process according to the invention be between Tg and Tg + 20 ° C. in order to maintain satisfactory product stability.
• T so as to increase the difference between Tg and T within the limit of Tg +20 0 C, to promote the viral reduction factor and viral inactivation kinetics, or choose T to reduce the difference between Tg and T, to promote the stability of the product.
• the dry heating temperature T is chosen so as to obtain a viral reduction factor ⁇ 3 log 10, preferably ⁇ 4 log 10.
• the effectiveness of viral inactivation in the treated dried biological product is measured and, if said efficacy is judged to be insufficient, the viral inactivation of dried biological product is continued after growth. a difference between the heating temperature T and the glass transition temperature Tg.
• the stability of the treated dried biological product is evaluated and, if said stability is judged insufficient, the viral inactivation of dried biological product continues after a decrease of a gap between heating temperature T and the glass transition temperature Tg.
• Example 1 Inactivation of bacteriophage PR772 by dry heating in lyophilizates:
• the physical characteristics of the lyophilizates are modified in order to vary the glass transition temperature (Tg).
• the glass transition temperature is determined by a differential scanning thermoanalyzer.
• the temperature of the differential scanning thermoanalyzer is calibrated using indium (Tm 156.6 ° C.) and n-octadecane (Tm 28, 20 ° C.). The samples undergo temperatures from -50 ° C. to 130 ° C. at the rate of
• Liquid nitrogen is used to conduct the experiments at a temperature below room temperature.
• the glass transition temperature is taken at the midpoint of the endothermic change in the apparent specific heat.
• the heating is carried out at a temperature below Tg, either in the glassy solid state, or at a temperature above Tg of about 20 ° C., or in the viscoelastic (rubbery) state.
• All lyophilisates have a water content of less than 1%.
• the water content is determined by the method of
• FVIII 100 IU / ml Product A has a Tg of 62 ° C.
• Product B has the same formulation as product A to which NaCl has been added. This made it possible to reduce the Tg at approximately 40 ° C. (the residual humidity HR remains unchanged). It is a freeze-dried FvW concentrate and D is a freeze-dried human fibrinogen.
• Products C and D have Tg values of 80 ° C. and 90 ° C. respectively.
• the PR772 bacteriophage reduction factor is measured at 12, 24 and 72 h for heating at 62 and 80 ° C.
• the viral titer is calculated according to the formula of Spearman Kàrber as described in the Federal Gazette No. 84, May 4, 1994 and in Schmidt, NJ and Emmons, RW (1989) in Diagnostic Procedures for Viral, Rickettsial and Chlamydial Infection, 6 th Edition.
• the reduction factor is the result of the ratio of viral titer / ml before dry heat treatment to viral titer / ml after dry heat treatment.
• the PPV reduction factor is measured at 12, 24 and
• the reduction factor is small, of the order of 2 log.
• Example 3 Inactivation of PPV, HAV, BVDV, PR772 and
• the heating time must be extended to 72 hours to reach a reduction factor close to 4 log 10 .

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• 2005
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