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Definitions

• the present invention relates to new antagonists of the interaction between the CCR1 Chemokine receptor and its ligands, including MIP-1 ⁇ (CCL3).
• Chemokines are a large family of small proteins (8-10KDa) synthesized by leukocytes and resident tissue cells that control leukocyte trafficking. They are structurally divided into four classes: C 1 CC, CXC and CX3C, depending on the relative position of their amino terminal cysteine residues. In the last decade, it was clearly established that chemokines play a significant role in diverse processes such as embryonic development, host defence, immune surveillance, inflammation, angiogenesis, autoimmunity and cancer (Kunkel SL, Godessart N. Chemokines in autoimmunity: from pathology to therapeutics. Autoimm Rev 2002; 1(6): 313-320).
• Chemokines exert their biological function by binding to receptors expressed on the cell membrane. Chemokine receptors are themselves grouped into CR, CCR, CXCR or CX3CR classes, according to the chemokines they bind. They belong to the G-protein- coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily, that span the membrane 7 times and are coupled to heterotrimeric G proteins. Upon ligand-receptor interaction, the ⁇ and ⁇ subunits dissociate and activate different intracellular signalling pathways, leading to cell mobilization and activation.
• GPCR G-protein- coupled receptor
• the gene encoding human CCR1 has been mapped to chromosome 3p21 , in a cluster with other chemokine receptor genes such as CCR2, CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR8, CCR9, XCR1 and CX3CR1.
• the receptor is expressed in leukocytes: monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, platelets, T cells, NK cells and dendritic cells, although not in B cells, as well as in stromal cells (endothelial cells, chondrocytes and osteoclasts).
• the expression of the receptor depends on the state of cell differentiation or activation.
• CD45RO+ cells express a larger number of CCR1 than CD45RO- cells.
• the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages is accompanied by an upregulation of CCR1 and a downregulation of CCR2.
• IL-10 upregulates CCR1 on monocytes whereas TLR2 and TLR4 stimulation downregulates it.
• immature cells express high levels of CCR1.
• CCR1 is replaced by CCR7.
• IFN ⁇ and GM-CSF upregulate CCR1 expression on neutrophils.
• IL-2, IL-4, IL-IO and IL-12 increases and TCR stimulation downregulates CCR1 expression on T cells.
• chemokines have been reported to bind CCR1 with high affinity: CCL3, CCL3L1 , CCL5, CCL6, CCL7, CCL9, CCL10, CCL14, CCL16, CCL23.
• the chemokine CCL3/MIP- 1 ⁇ is by far the most well known ligand of CCR1 and probably the most relevant in vivo. Binding studies have determined that both the NH2-terminal extracellular domain and the third extracellular loop of the receptor contain binding sites for CCL3.
• CCL3 has been reported to play a role in a number of diseases including rheumatoid arthritis * , myositis, atopic dermatitis, cutaneous leishmaniasis, allergic asthma*, pulmonary fibrosis*, sarcoidosis, bronchitis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, systemic sclerosis, respiratory virus infection*, Helicobacter Pylori, ulcerative colitis, alcoholic hepatitis/cirrhosis, liver transplant rejection, glomerulonephritis*, renal transplant rejection* dialysis-associated amyloidosis, sepsis * , atherosclerosis *, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)*, acute coronary syndrome, hypereosinophilia, HIV-infection, malaria, aplastic anemia, chronic myeloid leucemia, multiple myeloma, acute myeloid leucemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, multiple sclerosis * Alzheimer's disease * , schizophrenia
• CCL3 may bind both CCR1 and CCR5, those diseases on which a role for CCR1 has also been demonstrated are indicated with an asterisk. (See Menten P, Wuyts A, Van Damme J. Macrophage inflammatory protein-1. Cytokine & Growth factor Reviews 2002; 13: 455-481)
• Further objectives of the present invention are to provide a method for preparing said compounds; pharmaceutical compositions comprising an effective amount of said compounds; the use of the compounds in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of pathological conditions or diseases susceptible of being improved by antagonism of an chemokine receptor, in particular by antagonism of the CCR1 receptor ; methods of treatment of pathological conditions or diseases susceptible to amelioration by antagonism of the CCR1 receptor comprising the administration of the compounds of the invention to a subject in need of treatment.
• Preferred diseases or pathological conditions that may be treated with the CCR1 receptor antagonists of the invention are rheumatoid arthritis, allergic asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, glomerulonephritis, renal transplant rejection, sepsis, atherosclerosis , systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer ' s disease.
• the present invention is directed to new N-amide derivatives of 8- azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl of formula (I)
• n is an integer from 1 to 4.
• R 1 , R 2 and R 3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a straight or branched C 1-4 alkyl group
• Q represents a direct bond or a group selected from -CONR 9 -, -OCONR 9 -, -
• R 9 and R 10 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a straight or branched C 1-4 alkyl group
• R 4 represents a hydrogen atom or a group selected from straight or branched C 1-4 alkyl which is unsubstitued or substituted with a group selected from -COOH, phenyl or -SCH 3 with the proviso that when m is 2 or 3, only one R 4 is as defined above and the rest of R 4 are hydrogen atoms •
• R 5 and R 6 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a straight or branched C 1-4 alkyl or a phenyl group, or
• R 7 and R 8 each independently represent a hydrogen or halogen atom or a C 1-4 alkoxy group
• A represents a group of formula (i) or (ii)
• D represents a direct bond or a group selected from -O- and -CH 2 CH 2 -
• R 11 represents a hydrogen or halogen atom or a group selected from (a) straight or branched C 1-4 alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by a hydroxy, cyano, phenyl or a group -CONRaRb wherein Ra and Rb are independently selected from hydrogen atoms and C 1-4 alkyl groups, (b) hydroxy, phenoxy or straight or branched C 1-4 alkoxy, (c) nitro, (d) hydroxycarbonyl or straight or branched C 1-4 alkoxycarbonyl, (e) a group -NRcRd wherein Rc represents a hydrogen atom or a straight or branched C 1-4 alkyl and Rd represents represents a hydrogen atom, a straight or branched C 1-4 alkyl or a phenyl group which is optionally substituted by one or more groups selected from -CF
• R 13 represents a hydrogen atom or a straight or branched C 1-4 alkyl
• R 14 each independently represent a hydrogen or halogen atom.
• compositions comprising an effective amount of said compounds, b) the use of said compounds in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of diseases susceptible of being improved by antagonism of a the CCR1 receptor; c) methods of treatment of diseases susceptible to amelioration by antagonism of the CCR1 receptor, which methods comprise the administration of the compounds of the invention to a subject in need of treatment.
• C 1-4 alkyl embraces linear or branched radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
• Examples include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl radicals.
• C 3-8 cycloalkyl group embraces alicyclic, monocyclic, saturated radicals having from 3 to 8 carbon atoms.
• Examples include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl and cyclooctyl radicals.
• the C 1-4 alkoxy embraces linear or brached oxy-containing radicals each having alkyl portions of 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
• Preferred alkoxy radicals include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, i-propoxy, n-butoxy, sec- butoxy and t-butoxy.
• halogen atom embraces chlorine, fluorine, bromine or iodine atoms typically a fluorine, chlorine or bromine atom, most preferably chlorine or fluorine.
• halo when used as a prefix has the same meaning.
• the term pharmaceutically acceptable salt embraces salts with a pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base.
• Pharmaceutically acceptable acids include both inorganic acids, for example hydrochloric, sulphuric, phosphoric, diphosphoric, hydrobromic, hydroiodic and nitric acid and organic acids, for example citric, fumaric, maleic, malic, mandelic, ascorbic, oxalic, succinic, tartaric, benzoic, acetic, methanesulphonic, ethanesulphonic, benzenesulphonic or p-toluenesulphonic acid.
• Pharmaceutically acceptable bases include alkali metal (e.g. sodium or potassium) and alkali earth metal (e.g. calcium or magnesium) hydroxides and organic bases, for example alkyl amines, arylalkyl amines and heterocyclic amines.
• X- may be an anion of various mineral acids such as, for example, chloride, bromide, iodide, sulphate, nitrate, phosphate, or an anion of an organic acid such as, for example, acetate, maleate, fumarate, citrate, oxalate, succinate, tartrate, malate, mandelate, trifluoroacetate, methanesulphonate and p-toluenesulphonate.
• mineral acids such as, for example, chloride, bromide, iodide, sulphate, nitrate, phosphate
• organic acid such as, for example, acetate, maleate, fumarate, citrate, oxalate, succinate, tartrate, malate, mandelate, trifluoroacetate, methanesulphonate and p-toluenesulphonate.
• X- is preferably an anion selected from chloride, bromide, iodide, sulphate, nitrate, acetate, maleate, oxalate, succinate or trifluoroacetate. More preferably X- is chloride, bromide, trifluoroacetate or methanesulphonate.
• an N-oxide is formed from the tertiary basic amines or imines present in the molecule, using a convenient oxidising agent.
• Q represents a group selected from -CONR 9 -, -O- and -NR 9 CO-.
• the compounds wherein Q is selected from -CONR 9 - and -O- are particularly preferred.
• n is 1.
• R 3 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. The compounds wherein R 3 is a hydrogen atom are particularly preferred.
• R 1 each independently represent a hydrogen atom and R 2 is selected from hydrogen atoms and methyl groups.
• R 1 and R 2 are hydrogen atoms are particularly preferred.
• R 9 is a hydrogen atom.
• R 4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
• the compounds wherein R 4 is a hydrogen atom are particularly preferred.
• R 5 and R 6 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a phenyl group.
• A represents a group of formula (i) and R 11 represents a hydrogen or halogen atom or a group selected from (a) methyl which is substituted by a -CONRaRb group wherein Ra and Rb are independently selected from hydrogen atoms and C 1-4 alkyl groups, (b) hydroxy or phenoxy, (c) nitro, (d) methoxycarbonyl, (e) a group -NHRd wherein Rd represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or a phenyl group which substituted by one or more groups selected from -CF 3 , and halogen atoms, (f) a group - NHCORe wherein Re represents a group selected from -NH 2 , -CF 3 and straight C 1 ⁇ alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by a -NH 2 group, (g) a group -CONHRf wherein Rf is a group selected from
• R 11 represents a hydrogen or halogen atom or a group selected from (a) methyl which is substituted by a -CONRaRb group wherein Ra and Rb are independently selected from hydrogen atoms and Ci -4 alkyl groups, (c) nitro, (f) a group -NHCORe wherein Re represents a group selected from -NH 2 , -CF 3 and straight Ci -4 alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by a -NH 2 group, (g) a group -CONHRf wherein Rf is a group selected from hydrogen atoms, methyl and 4-piperidinyl groups or Rc and Rf form together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached a piperidinyl group which may be unsubstituted or substituted by a group selected from -NH 2 , -CONH 2 - and -CH 2 NH 2 , (h) a group - NHSO 2 Rg wherein Rg is selected from the group
• Q represents an oxygen atom
• A represents a group of formula (i)
• q is 1 or 2
• R 11 represents a group selected from (a) methyl which is substituted by a -CONRaRb group wherein Ra and Rb are independently selected from hydrogen atoms and Ci -4 alkyl groups
• (b) a group -NRcRd wherein Rc represents a hydrogen atom or a straight or branched C 1-4 alkyl and Rd represents represents a hydrogen atom, a straight or branched Ci -4 alkyl or a phenyl group which is optionally substituted by one or more groups selected from -CF 3 , and halogen atoms
• (c) a group -NHCORe wherein Re represents a group selected from -NH 2 , straight or branched C 1-4 alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more fluorine atoms or -NH 2 , straight or
• A represents a group of formula (i) and R 12 each independently represent a halogen atom or a group -CF 3 .
• A represents a group of formula (i) and q is an integer from O to 1.
• A represents a group of formula (ii) and R 13 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
• A represents a group of formula (ii) and R 14 represents a hydrogen atom or a chlorine atom.
• R 7 represents a fluorine or chlorine atom and R 8 represents a hydrogen or chlorine atom.
• Particularly preferred are the compounds wherein R 7 represents a chlorine atom and R 8 represents a hydrogen atom.
• Particular individual compounds of the invention include:
• N-methylbenzamide N-((S)-1-((3-exo)-8-(4-chlorobenzyl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-ylamino)-1 -oxo-3- phenylpropan-2-yl)-2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenylamino)benzamide
• the compounds of the present invention may be prepared by one of the methods described below.
• This method finds application in the manufacture of compounds of formula (I) wherein Q represents a direct bond or a group selected from -O- and -NR 9 CO-.
• N-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-ylacetamide (IV) is reacted with compound of formula (V) wherein G 1 represents a halogen atom, preferably a chlorine atom, in a polar aprotic solvent such as acetone for 2 to 24 hours at reflux in the presence of a base such as triethylamine to yield compound (Vl).
• G 1 represents a halogen atom, preferably a chlorine atom, in a polar aprotic solvent such as acetone for 2 to 24 hours at reflux in the presence of a base such as triethylamine to yield compound (Vl).
• Compound (Vl) is hydrolized at room temperature for 2 to 12 hours with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide in a polar water-miscible protic solvent such as methanol to yield compound (VII).
• Compound (VII) is reacted with compound (VIII) wherein G 2 represents a group -OH or an halogen atom using standard coupling conditions.
• G 2 represents a group -OH or an halogen atom
• the reaction may take place using of 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC- HCI) and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (HOBt) in a polar aprotic solvent, such as dichloromethane at room temperature for a time period of 5 to 48 hours.
• EDC- HCI 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride
• HBt 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate
• the reaction may also be carried out in toluene at reflux.
• G 2 is a halogen atom, such as a chlorine atom
• the reaction may take place in a polar aprotic solvent such as dichloromethane or THF at room temperature for 0,5 to 24 hours in the presence of a base such as triethylamine.
• CD which may be obtained as described in method 13 and the reaction takes place an aprotic solvent such as toluene at reflux for 12 to 48 hours.
• Method 2 This method finds application in the manufacture of compounds of formula (I) wherein Q represents a group selected from -O- and -NR 10 -.
• N-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-ylacetamide (IV) is reacted with compound of formula (V) wherein G 1 represents a halogen atom, preferably a chlorine atom, in a polar aprotic solvent such as acetone for 2 to 24 hours at reflux in the presence of a base such as triethylamine to yield compound (Vl)
• Step b
• Compound (Vl) is hydrolized at room temperature for 2 to 12 hours with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide in a polar water-miscible protic solvent such as methanol to yield compound (VII).
• Step c Compound (X) may be obtained by reaction of compound (VII) with the compound of formula (IX) wherein both G 3 and G 4 represent chlorine atoms, in a polar aprotic solvent, such as dichloromethane at room temperature for 18 to 30 hours in the presence of a base, such as triethylamine.
• a polar aprotic solvent such as dichloromethane
• Q is -NR 10 - compounds of formula (I) may be obtained by reacting compound (X) with a compound of formula (Xl) wherein G 5 represents a -NHR 9 group, using a base, such as potassium carbonate in an aprotic solvent, such as dimethylformamide at 50 to 70 0 C for a time period of 36 to 48 hours.
• a base such as potassium carbonate
• an aprotic solvent such as dimethylformamide
• Q is -O- compounds of formula (I) may be obtained by reacting compound (X) with a compound of formula (Xl) wherein G 5 represents a -OH group using a base, such as potassium carbonate, in an aprotic solvent, such as dimethylformamide at 50-60 0 C for a time period between 3 hours and 72 hours.
• a base such as potassium carbonate
• N-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-ylacetamide (IV) is reacted with a compound of formula (V) wherein G 1 represents a halogen atom, preferably a chlorine atom, in a polar aprotic solvent such as acetone for 2 to 24 hours at reflux in the presence of a base such as triethylamine to yield compound (Vl).
• G 1 represents a halogen atom, preferably a chlorine atom, in a polar aprotic solvent such as acetone for 2 to 24 hours at reflux in the presence of a base such as triethylamine to yield compound (Vl).
• Steo b Compound (Vl) is hydrolized at room temperature for 2 to 12 hours with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide in a polar water-miscible protic solvent such as methanol to yield compound (VII).
• a polar water-miscible protic solvent such as methanol
• Compound (XII) may be obtained by reacting a benzaldehide functionalised resin (IRORI BAL resin) previously swollen in dimethylformamide and a suspension of compound (VII) and sodium cyanoborohydride in dimethylformamide/acetic acid (99:1). An excess of perfluorodecaline may be added.
• IRORI BAL resin benzaldehide functionalised resin
• reaction mixture is stirred at 50°-60°C for 12-24 hours and the resin (XII) is filtered, washed with dimethylformamide (3X), AcOH/dimethylformamide (1%) (2X), dimethylformamide (1X), N 1 N- diisopropylethylamine/dirnethylformamide (5%) (2X), dimethylformamide (2X), dichloromethane (1X), methanol (1X), diethylether (2X) and dried in vacuo at 35 0 C.
• Compound (XIII) may be obtained by reacting compound (XII) with compound of formula (IX) wherein G 3 represents a -OH group and G 4 represents a bromine atom, in an aprotic solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran, at room temperature for 1 to 8 hours using N 1 N'- diisopropylcarbodiimide.
• an aprotic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran
• compound (XIV) may be obtained by reacting compound (XIII) with the compound of formula (Xl) wherein G 5 represents a -OH group, in dimethylsulfoxide/1- methylpyrrolidin-2-one 1 :1 at room temperature for 60 to 80 hours in the presence of a base, such as 1 ,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU).
• a base such as 1 ,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU).
• This method finds application in the manufacture of compounds of formula (I) wherein Q represents a group-O-, R 3 represents a hydrogen atom and the R 2 substituent on the carbon atom directly attached to the benzene ring is a hydrogen atom.
• Step a Reaction of compound (IV) with allyl chloroformate (XV) in the presence of a base, such as triethylamine in an aprotic solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran at room temperature for 10 to 18 hours yields compound (XVI).
• a base such as triethylamine
• an aprotic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran
• Compound (XVIII) may be obtained by reacting a benzaldehide functionalised resin (IRORI BAL resin) previously swollen in dimethylformamide/methanol (8:2) and a solution of compound (XVII) and acetic acid in dimethylformamide/methanol (8:2). The mixture is stirred for 1 to 4 hours at room temperature. A solution of sodium cyanoborohydride in dimethylformamide/methanol (8:2) is added and the mixture is further stirred at room temperature for 12 to 24 hours. The resin (XVIII) was filtered, washed with methanol (3X), dimethylformamide (3X), dichloromethane (3X) and dried in vacuo at room temperature.
• IRORI BAL resin benzaldehide functionalised resin
• Compound (XX) may be obtained by reacting compound (XIX) with compound (Xl) wherein G 5 represents and -OH group in the presence of a base, such as 1 ,8- diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), in dimethylsulfoxide/ 1-methylpyrrolidin-2-one 1 :1 at room temperature for 2 to 6 days.
• a base such as 1 ,8- diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), in dimethylsulfoxide/ 1-methylpyrrolidin-2-one 1 :1 at room temperature for 2 to 6 days.
• Step f The allyloxycarbonyl (alloc) protecting group of compound (XX) may be cleaved using dimethylaminoborane and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium in an polar aprotic solvent, such as dichloromethane at room temperature for 40 to 60 min to yield compound (XXI).
• polar aprotic solvent such as dichloromethane
• Step g
• Compound (XIV) was cleaved from the resin using standard conditions such as addition to a solution of dichloromethane/trifluoroacetic acid/H2O (50:50:1) or trifluoroacetic acid/H2O (95:5) and reaction for 1 to 3 hours at room temperature to yield the final compound (I).
• Step b
• Step c Compound (XVIII) may be obtained by reacting a benzaldehide functionalised resin (IRORI BAL resin) previously swollen in dimethylformamide/methanol (8:2) and a solution of compound (XVII) and acetic acid in dimethylformamide/methanol (8:2). The mixture is stirred for 1 to 4 hours at room temperature. A solution of sodium cyanoborohydride in dimethylformamide/methanol (8:2) is added and the mixture is further stirred at room temperature for 12 to 24 hours. The resin (XVIII) was filtered, washed with methanol (3X), dimethylformamide (3X), dichloromethane (3X) and dried in vacuo at room temperature.
• IRORI BAL resin benzaldehide functionalised resin
• the allyloxycarbonyl (alloc) protecting group of compound (XX) may be cleaved by using dimethylamino-borane and tetrakistriphenylphosphine palladium in a polar aprotic solvent, such as dichloromethane at room temperature for 40 to 60 minutes to obtain compound (XXI).
• a polar aprotic solvent such as dichloromethane
• Step f
• Step g
• Compound (XIV) was cleaved from the resin using standard conditions such as addition to a solution of dichloromethane/trifluoroacetic acid/H2O (50:50:1) or trifluoroacetic acid/H2O (95:5) and reaction for 1 to 3 hours at room temperature to yield the final compound (I).
• Step b
• compound (VII) Treatment of compound (Vl) with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide in a polar, water-miscible, protic solvent, such as methanol, at room temperature for 2 to 12 hours yields compound (VII).
• Compound (VII) may be converted into compound (XXIII) by reaction with compound (XXII) wherein G 6 represents any standard amine-protecting group such as tert- butoxycarbonyl (BOC) using 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDCHCI) and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (HOBt) in a polar aprotic solvent, such as dichloromethane, at room temperature for 36 to 60 hours.
• a polar aprotic solvent such as dichloromethane
• the N-protecting group of compound (XXIII) may be cleaved to yield compound (XXIV) by standard conditions.
• the protecting group is a tert-butoxycarbonyl (BOC)
• trifluoroacetic acid treatment at room temperature for 30 to 60 min is used to obtain compound (XXIV).
• G 5 represents a -COOH group and the reaction takes place in the presence of 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDCHCI) and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (HOBt) in a polar, aprotic solvent, such as dichloromethane or in the presence of N,N'-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) and 4- dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) in an aprotic solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran or dichloromethane at room temperature for a time period between 2 hours and 48 hours.
• EDCHCI 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride
• HOBt 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate
• CDI N,N'-carbonyldiimidazole
• DMAP 4- dimethylaminopyridine
• group G 5 represents a -COX group wherein X is a halogen atom, such as chlorine, and the reaction takes place in a polar, aprotic solvent such as dichloromethane at room temperature for 0,5 to 24 hours in the presence of a base such as triethylamine.
• X is a halogen atom, such as chlorine
• group G 5 represents a -OCOX group wherein X is a halogen atom, such as chlorine, and the reaction takes place in a polar, aprotic solvent such as dichloromethane at room temperature for 2 to 24 hours in the presence of a base such as triethylamine
• a base such as triethylamine
• G 5 represents -NR 9 COCI and the reaction may take place in the presence of a base in a polar, aprotic solvent.
• a base in a polar, aprotic solvent.
• DIEA N.N-diisopropylethylamine
• G 5 represents a -SO 2 CI group and the reaction takes place in a polar, aprotic solvent such as dichloromethane at room temperature for 2 to 24 hours in the presence of a base such as triethylamine.
• This method finds application in the manufacture of compounds of formula (I) wherein Q represents a group selected from -CONR 9 -, -OCONR 9 -, -NR 9 CONR 10 - and -SO 2 NR 9 -, R 3 represents a hydrogen atom and the R 2 substituent on the carbon atom directly attached to the benzene ring is a hydrogen atom.
• Step b Treatment of compound (XVI) with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide in a polar protic solvent, such as methanol at room temperature for 2 to 12 hours yields compound (XVII).
• a polar protic solvent such as methanol
• Compound (XVIII) may be obtained by reacting a benzaldehide functionalised resin (IRORI BAL resin) previously swollen in dimethylformamide/methanol (8:2) and a solution of compound (XVII) and acetic acid in dimethylformamide/methanol (8:2). The mixture is stirred for 1 to 4 hours at room temperature. A solution of sodium cyanoborohydride in dimethylformamide/methanol (8:2) is added and the mixture is further stirred at room temperature for 12 to 24 hours. The resin (XVIII) was filtered, washed with methanol (3X), dimethylformamide (3X), dichloromethane (3X) and dried in vacuo at room temperature.
• IRORI BAL resin benzaldehide functionalised resin
• the amine-protecting group of compound (XXV) may be cleaved to yield compound (XXVI) by standard conditions.
• the protecting group is a (9H-fluoren-9- ylmethoxy)carbonyl (Fmoc)
• a treatment with a 20% solution of piperidine in an aprotic solvent, such as dimethylformamide at room temperature for 40 to 60 minutes was used.
• Step f
• G 5 represents a -OCOCI group and the reaction takes place in the presence of a base in a polar, aprotic solvent at room temperature for 2 to 24 hours.
• Examples of particular conditions are the use of N.N-diisopropylethylamine (DIEA) as a base in dichloromethane and the use of triethylamine in THF/dichloromethane (1 :1).
• a base such as triethylamine
• an aprotic solvent such as dichloromethane
• G 5 represents -NR 9 COCI and the reaction may take place in the presence of a base such as triethylamine in a polar, aprotic solvent such as dichloromethane at room temperature for 12 to 24 hours.
• a base such as triethylamine
• a polar, aprotic solvent such as dichloromethane
• G 5 represents a -SO 2 CI group and the reaction takes place in pyridine/dichlomethane (1 :1) at room temperature for 6 to 24 hours.
• Step g
• the allyloxycarbonyl (alloc) protecting group of compound (XX) may be cleaved using dimethylamino-borane and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium in a polar aprotic solvent, such as dichloromethane, at room temperature for 40 to 60 minutes to obtain compound (XXI).
• a polar aprotic solvent such as dichloromethane
• Step i Compound (XIV) was cleaved from the resin using standard conditions such as addition to a solution of dichloromethane/trifluoroacetic acid/H2O (50:50:1) or trifluoroacetic acid/H2O (95:5) and reaction for 1 to 3 hours at room temperature to yield the final compound (I).
• This method finds application in the manufacture of compounds of formula (I) wherein Q represents a group selected from -CONR 9 -, -OCONR 9 -, -NR 9 CONR 10 - and -SO 2 NR 9 - and R 3 represents a hydrogen atom.
• Step b
• Compound (XII) may be obtained by reacting a benzaldehide functionalised resin (IRORI BAL resin) previously swollen in dimethylformamide and a suspension of compound (VII) and sodium cyanoborohydride in dimethylformamide/acetic acid (99:1). An excess of perfluorodecaline may be added.
• IRORI BAL resin benzaldehide functionalised resin
• reaction mixture is stirred at 50°-60°C for 12-24 hours and the resin (XII) is filtered, washed with dimethylformamide (3X), AcOH/dimethylformamide (1 %) (2X), dimethylformamide (1X), N 1 N- diisopropylethylamine/dimethylformamide (5%) (2X), dimethylformamide (2X) 1 dichloromethane (1X), methanol (1X) 1 diethylether (2X) and dried in vacuo at 35 0 C.
• Compound (XXVII) may be obtained by reaction of compound (XII) wherein G 6 is a standard amine-protecting group, such as a (9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl (FMOC) group with compound (XXII) using N,N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC) in an aprotic solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran at 50-60 0 C for about 20 to 30 hours and then, optionally, for up to 48 hours at room temperature.
• G 6 is a standard amine-protecting group, such as a (9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl (FMOC) group
• FMOC N,N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide
• DIC N,N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide
• the N-protecting group of compound (XXVII) may be cleaved to yield compound (XXVIII) by standard conditions.
• the protecting group is a (9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl (Fmoc)
• a treatment with a 20% solution of piperidine in an aprotic solvent, such as dimethylformamide at room temperature for 40 to 60 minutes yields compound (XXVIII).
• G 5 represents a -OCOCI group and the reaction takes place in the presence of a base in a polar, aprotic solvent at room temperature for 2 to 24 hours.
• Examples of particular conditions are the use of N,N-diisopropylethylamine (DIEA) as a base in dichloromethane and the use of triethylamine in THF/dichloromethane (1 :1).
• a base such as triethylamine
• an aprotic solvent such as dichloromethane
• G 5 represents -NR 9 COCI and the reaction may take place in the presence of a base such as triethylamine in a polar, aprotic solvent such as dichloromethane at room temperature for 12 to 24 hours.
• a base such as triethylamine
• a polar, aprotic solvent such as dichloromethane
• G 5 represents a -SO 2 CI group and the reaction takes place in pyridine/dichlomethane (1 :1) at room temperature for 6 to 24 hours.
• Compound (XIV) was cleaved from the resin using standard conditions such as addition to a solution of dichloromethane/trifluoroacetic acid/H20 (50:50:1) or trifluoroacetic acid/H20 (95:5) and reaction for 1 to 3 hours at room temperature to yield the final compound (I).
• This method finds application in the manufacture of compounds of formula (I) wherein Q represents a group selected from -CONR 9 -, -OCONR 9 -, -NR 9 CONR 10 - and -SO 2 NR 9 .
• Step b
• Step c Compound (XVII) may be converted into compound (XXIX) by reaction with compound (XXII) wherein G 6 represents any standard amine-protecting group such as tert- butoxycarbonyl (BOC) using 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDCHCI) and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (HOBt) in a polar aprotic solvent, such as dichloromethane, at room temperature for 36 to 60 hours.
• G 6 represents any standard amine-protecting group such as tert- butoxycarbonyl (BOC) using 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDCHCI) and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (HOBt) in a polar aprotic solvent, such as dichloromethane, at room temperature for 36 to 60 hours.
• BOC tert- butoxycarbon
• the N-protecting group of compound (XXIX) may be cleaved to yield compound (XXX) by standard conditions.
• the protecting group is a tert-butoxycarbonyl (BOC)
• trifluoroacetic acid treatment at room temperature for 30 to 60 min is used to obtain compound (XXX).
• Q is a -CONR 9 - group
• G 5 represents a -COOH group and the reaction takes place in the presence of 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDCHCI) and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (HOBt) in a polar, aprotic solvent, such as dichloromethane for a time period between 2 hours and 48 hours.
• EDCHCI 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride
• HOBt 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate
• group G 5 represents a -COX group wherein X is a halogen atom, such as chlorine, and the reaction takes place in a polar, aprotic solvent such as dichloromethane at room temperature for 0,5 to 24 hours in the presence of a base such as triethylamine.
• X is a halogen atom, such as chlorine
• G 5 represents a -OCOCI group and the reaction takes place-OCOX group wherein X is a halogen atom, such as chlorine, and the reaction takes place in a polar, aprotic solvent such as dichloromethane at room temperature for 2 to 24 hours in the presence of a base such as triethylamine.
• X is a halogen atom, such as chlorine
• a base such as triethylamine in an aprotic solvent such as dichloromethane, diethylether or THF at room temperature for 1 to 24 hours.
• G 5 represents -NR 9 COCI and the reaction may take place in the presence of a base in a polar, aprotic solvent.
• Examples of particular conditions are the use of N,N-diisopropylethylamine (DIEA) as a base in dichloromethane at room temperature for 2 to 24 hours and the use of triethylamine in THF at reflux for 2 to 24 hours.
• DIEA N,N-diisopropylethylamine
• G 5 represents a -SO 2 CI group and the reaction takes place in a polar, aprotic solvent such as dichloromethane at room temperature for 2 to 24 hours in the presence of a base such as triethylamine.
• the allyloxycarbonyl (alloc) protecting group of compound (XXXI) may be cleaved by using an 85% aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide in 2-propanol at reflux for a time period between 10 hours and 20 hours to yield compound (XXXII).
• Compound (VII) may be reacted with the hydroxyacid (XXXV) in a aprotic solvent such as toluene or xylene at reflux for 12 to 36 hours to yield compound (XXXVI).
• a aprotic solvent such as toluene or xylene at reflux for 12 to 36 hours
• the reaction may take place in THF at reflux or DMF at room temperature using a coupling agent such as carbonyldiimidazole (CDI).
• G 5 represents a -NR 9 COCI group and the reaction may take place in the presence of sodium hydride in DMF at room temperature for 2 to 24 hours.
• Methods 1 to 10 may be used in general to obtain the compounds of the present invention although the substituents R 11 of the phenyl ring may sometimes be advantageously derived from precursor substituents R 11 '.
• Examples of this derivatization step which is normally effected immediately before cleavage from the resin, are as follows:
• R 11 comprises a hydroxycarbonyl group (-COOH) it may be obtained by hydrolysis of the precursor -COOR group wherein R is a straight or branched C 1-4 alkyl group.
• R 11 comprises an amino group (-NH 2 ) it may be obtained by reduction of the precursor -NO 2 group.
• R 11 comprises an amido group (-NHCORe) it may be obtained by acylation of the precursor -NH 2 group.
• R 11 comprises a sulfonamido group (-NHSO 2 Rg) it may be obtained by sulfonylation of the precursor -NH 2 group.
• R 11 comprises a guanidino group it may be obtained by derivatization of the precursor -NH 2 group with N,N'-di-BOC-1 H-pyrazole-1-carboxamidine.
• R 11 comprises an amido group (-CONRcRf) it may be obtained by reaction of the precursor -COOH or -COCI group with the amine NHRcRf.
• R 11 comprises a substituted amino group (-NRcRd) it may be obtained from the precursor -NH 2 group.
• the compounds of formula (Villa) may be obtained by reaction of the aromatic alcohol (XXXIII) with ⁇ -propiolactone in the presence of a base, such as potassium tert-butoxide, in an aprotic solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran, at room temperature of 50-60 0 C for a time period of 12-72 hours.
• a base such as potassium tert-butoxide
• aprotic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran
• the compounds of formula (VIIIb) may be obtained by reaction of the aromatic alcohol (XXXIII) with ethyl 4-bromobutyrate in the presence of a base, such as potassium tet-butoxide, in an aprotic solvent, such as dimethylformamide at 11O 0 C for 2-3 hours and the subsequent hydrolysis with NaOH in water/methanol at O 0 C.
• a base such as potassium tet-butoxide
• the reaction crude obtained was concentrated in vacuo, it was dissolved in a water/ice mixture and washed with diethyl ether and dichlorometane.
• the aqueous layer was basified with sodium hydrogen carbonate, it was saturated with sodium chloride and extracted with ethyl acetate.
• the organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo.
• the semi-solid crude obtained was dissolved in the minimum volume of ethyl acetate and the inorganic solid obtained was separated by filtration.
• the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and the title compound was obtained (68.0 g).
• N-[(3-endo)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl]-2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide (Intermediate 3) (53.0 g, 239 mmols) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (361 mL). Triethylamine was added (36.0 mL, 259 mmols) and a solution of allyl chloroformate (29 mL, 272 mmols) in tetrahydrofuran (60 mL) was added dropwise keeping the reaction mixture at room temperature and it was stirred under the same conditions overnight. The solid obtained was filtered off, washed with tetrahydrofuran and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo.
• N-[(3-exo)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl]-2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide (Intermediate 4) (3.5 g, 16 mmols) was suspended in tetrahydrofuran (35 ml_). Triethylamine was added (3.1 mL, 22 mmols) and a solution of allyl chloroformate (1.2 mL, 11 mmols) in tetrahydrofuran (3 mL) was added dropwise keeping the reaction mixture at room temperature and it was stirred under the same conditions for overnight.
• the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and it was dissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with a 4% aqueous solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate. The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The oil obtained was solidified with diethyl ether and the title compound was obtained (2.2 g).
• Triethylamine (0.75 ml_, 5.3 mmols) was added to a solution of (3-endo)-8-(4- fluorobenzyl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-amine (Intermediate 13) (1.25 g, 5.3 mmols) in dichloromethane (20 mL) and the mixture obtained was cooled down to 0-5 0 C.
• a solution of chloroacetyl chloride (0.43 mL, 5.3 mmols) in dichloromethane (20 mL) was added dropwise to the mixture under the same temperature conditions. The mixture was allowed to reach room temperature and it was stirred for 21 hours.
• reaction mixture was washed with water and a 1 N aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid.
• the acidic aqueous layer was washed with dichloromethane and basified with potassium carbonate. It was extracted with dichloromethane and the organic layer obtained was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound (1.97g).
• Triethylamine (1.68 mL, 12 mmols) was added to a solution of (3-endo)-8-(4- chlorobenzyl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-amine (Intermediate 11) (3.0 g, 12 mmols) in dichloromethane (45 mL) and the mixture obtained was cooled down to 0-5 0 C.
• reaction mixture was washed with water and a 1 N aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid.
• the acidic aqueous layer was washed with dichloromethane and basified with potassium carbonate. It was extracted with dichloromethane and the organic layer obtained was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound (3.74 g).
• N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)glycine (2.09 g, 12.0 mmols)
• 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3- ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDCHCI) (1.62 g, 8.47 mmols)
• 1- hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (HOBt) (2.30 g, 17.0 mmols) were dissolved in dichloromethane (200 ml_). It was stirred for 5 minutes at room temperature.
• N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)glycine (0.65 g, 3.7 mmols)
• 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3- ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDCHCI) (0.71 g, 3.7 mmols)
• 1- hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (HOBt) (0.50 g, 3.7 mmols) were dissolved in dichloromethane (80 ml_). It was stirred for 5 minutes at room temperature.
• BAL resin is commercially available (it may be purchased from Advanced ChemTech). It is abridged as PS.
• IRORI BAL resin (6.22 g, loading: 1 mmol/g, 6.22 mmols) was washed and swelled with dimethylformamide. The resin was filtered and added to a suspension of (3-endo)-8-(4- chlorobenzyl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-amine (Intermediate 11) (2.34 g, 9.33 mmols) and sodium cyanoborohydride (0.58 g, 9.33 mmols) in dimethylformamide/acetic acid 99:1 (6 mL).
• the resin was filtered and washed with dimethylformamide (2X) 1 dichloromethane (1X) and tetrahydrofuran (1X). The resin was treated for a second time under the above conditions except for the time which was 2 hours. It was filtered and washed with dimethylformamide (3X), dichloromethane (3X) and methanol (2X). The resin was dried in vacuo at 35 0 C.
• IRORI BAL resin (5.0 g, loading: 1 mmol/g, 5.0 mmols) was washed and swelled with dimethylformamide/methanol 8:2. The resin was filtered and added to a solution of allyl (3- exo)-3-amino-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate (Intermediate 9) (5.54 g, 26.4 mmols) and acetic acid (0.5 ml_) in dimethylformamide/methanol 8:2 (108 mL). The mixture was stirred for 1.5 hours at room temperature.
• PS-allyl (3-exo)-3-amino-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate (Intermediate 24) (2.0 g, loading: 1 mmol/g, 2mmols) was washed and swelled with tetrahydrofuran. It was filtered and a solution of bromoacetic acid (2.12 g, 15.3 mmols) in tetrahydrofuran (30 mL) and a solution of N.N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide (3.2 mL) in tetrahydrofuran (33 mL). The mixture was stirred for 1 hour at room temperature.
• step b) The compound of step a) (0.1 g, loading: 1 mmol/g, 0.1 mmols) was washed and swelled with dichloromethane. A 2M solution of dimethylamino borane in dichloromethane (2 mL) and a 0.01 M solution of tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium in dichloromethane (1 mL) were added to the resin. The mixture was stirred for 20 minutes at room temperature. It was filtered and washed with dichloromethane. The resin was treated for a second time under the above conditions.
• N-(5-chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)urea (22.1 g, 110 mmols) was suspended in dichloromethane (442 mL). The suspension obtained was cooled down to -1O 0 C and a solution of boron tribromide (331.5 mL of a 1 M solution in dichloromethane) was added dropwise under nitrogen atmosphere. It was stirred under this conditions for 1 hour and then at room temperature overnight. The reaction crude was poured into water/ice. The organic phase was separated and the solid precipitated was dissolved in diethylether. This solution was added to the aqueous phase and it was extracted two more times with more diethyl ether.
• N-(5-bromo-2-methoxyphenyl)urea (11.0 g, 45 mmols) was suspended in dry dichloromethane (275 mL). The suspension obtained was cooled down to -1O 0 C and a solution of boron tribromide (135 mL of a 1M solution in dichloromethane) was added dropwise under nitrogen atmosphere. It was stirred under this conditions for 1 hour and then at room temperature for 16 hours. The crude was poured into water/ice and it was stirred for 15 minutes. It was concentrated in vacuo to eliminate the dichloromethane. The aqueous phase obtained was extrated with ethyl acetate.
• the aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate. All the ethyl acetate phases were collected together and washed with a 4% aqueous solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate, water and brine. It was dried, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The solid obtained was recristallized from diisopropyl ether/methanol (70 mL/15 mL) . Chromatography on silica gel gave 2-(5-chloro-2- hydroxyphenyl)-N-methylacetamide (10.4 g).
• the aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate. All the ethyl acetate phases were collected together and washed with a 4% aqueous solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate, water and brine. It was dried, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue obtained was recristallized from diethyl ether and the solid obtained was further purified by recristallization from methanol to give 2-(5- chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide (4.7 g).
• N-(5-fluoro-2-methoxyphenyl)urea (6.14 g, 33 mmols) was dissolved in dry dichloromethane (200 mL). The solution obtained was cooled down to -1 O 0 C and a solution of boron tribromide (100 mL of a 1M solution in dichloromethane) was added dropwise under nitrogen atmosphere. It was stirred under this conditions for 1 hour and then at room temperature overnight. Water/ice were added and it was stirred for 10 minutes. It was concentrated in vacuo to eliminate the dichloromethane. The aqueous phase obtained was extrated with ethyl acetate.
• 2-amino-4-chlorophenol (20 g, 139 mmols) and triethylamine (21.13 ml_) were disolved in tetrahydrofuran (280 ml_). It was cooled down to 0 0 C and a solution of acetylchloride (10.98 ml.) in tetrahydrofuran (21 mL) was added dropwise. It was stirred under the same conditions for 3 hours and then at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and water/ice was added to the residue obtained. It was extracted with ethyl acetate and the organic phase was washed with a 4% aqueous solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate, water and brine.
• the intermediates 48 and 49 were made following method 1 1.
• the reaction mixture was poured into a mixture of water/ice/ethyl acetate and the two phases obtained were separated. The organic phase was washed with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (2N) and brine. It was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The solid obtained was dissolved in 5 mL of methanol and an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (2N) (5 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred at 0-5 0 C for 1 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the aqueous phase obtained was diluted with more water, acidified with an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid (2N) and extracted with dichloromethane.
• Triethylamine (0.4 mL, 2.9 mmols) was added to a solution of 2,2-dimethyl-1 ,3-dioxane- 4,6-dione (Meldrum's acid) (0.21 g, 1.4 mmols) in dimethylformamide (1.4 mL).
• 1-chloro-3- isocyanatobenzene (0.22 g, 1.4 mmols) was added and the mixture obtained was stirred at room temperature for 4.5 hours.
• the reaction mixture was poured into a cold aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid (2N) (15 mL). The solid obtained was filtered, washed with water and dried in vacuo at 5O 0 C overnight. The title compound was obtained (0.31 g) (yield: 75%).
• N-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)urea (Intermediate 30) (0.15 g, 0.78 mmols) and potassium carbonate (0.09 g, 0.65 mmols) were added to a solution of 2-chloro-N-[(3-endo)-8-(4- fluorobenzyl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl]acetamide (Intermediate 14) (0.2 g, 0.65 mmols) in dimethylformamide (5 ml_). The suspension obtained was stirred at 5O 0 C for 5 hours and then at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was poured into water/ice and extracted with ethyl acetate.
• N-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)urea (Intermediate 32) (0.085 g, 0.37 mmols) and potassium carbonate (0.043 g, 0.31 mmols) were added to a solution of 2-chloro-N-[(3-endo)-8-(4- chlorobenzyl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl]acetamide (Intermediate 15) (0.1 g, 0.31 mmols) in dimethylformamide (4 ml_). The suspension obtained was stirred at 5O 0 C for 72 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into water/ice and extracted with ethyl acetate.
• N-(5-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)urea (Intermediate 36) (0.063 g, 0.37 mmols) and potassium carbonate (0.043g, 0.31 mmols) were added to a solution of 2-chloro-N-[(3-endo)-8-(4- chlorobenzyl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl]acetamide (Intermediate 15) (0.1g, 0.31 mmols) in dimethylformamide (4 ml_). The suspension obtained was stirred at 5O 0 C for 72 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into water/ice and extracted with ethyl acetate.
• N-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)urea (Intermediate 30) (1.05g, 5.6 mmols) and potassium carbonate (0.61 g, 4.6 mmols) were added to a solution of 2-chloro-N-[(3-endo)-8-(4- chlorobenzyl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl]acetamide (Intermediate 15) (1.5g, 4.6 mmols) in dimethylformamide (35 ml_). The suspension obtained was stirred at 5O 0 C for 6 hours and then overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture was poured into water/ice and extracted with ethyl acetate.
• N-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide (0.14 g, 0.76 mmols) and potassium carbonate (0.081 g, 0.61 mmols) were added to a solution of 2-chloro-N-[(3- endo)-8-(4-chlorobenzyl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl]acetamide (Intermediate 15) (0.2 g, 0.61 mmols) in dimethylformamide (5 ml_). The suspension obtained was stirred at 5O 0 C for 5 hours and then overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture was poured into water/ice and extracted with ethyl acetate.
• N-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)acrylamide (0.18 g, 1.0 mmols) and potassium carbonate ( 0.14 g, 1.0 mmols) were added to a solution of 2-chloro-N-[(3- endo)-8-(4-chlorobenzyl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl]acetamide (Intermediate 15) (0.1 g, 0.3 mmols) in dimethylformamide (2 mL). The mixture obtained was stirred at 6O 0 C for 3 hours and then at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was poured into water and extracted with dichloromethane. The organic layer was dried and concentrated in vacuo and the residue was dissolved in 2 mL of methanol. Purification using a SCX ion exchange column gave the title compound (0.09 g).
• Salicylamide (0.14 g, 1.0 mmols) and potassium carbonate ( 0.14 g, 1.0 mmols) were added to a solution of 2-chloro-N-[(3-endo)-8-(4-chlorobenzyl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3- yl]acetamide (Intermediate 15) (0.1 g, 0.3 mmols) in dimethylformamide (2 mL). The mixture obtained was stirred at 6O 0 C for 3 hours and then at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was poured into water and extracted with dichloromethane. The organic layer was dried and concentrated in vacuo and the residue was dissolved in 2 mL of methanol. Purification using a SCX ion exchange column gave the title compound (0.08 g).
• the resin was washed with dichloromethane/dimethylformamide 1:1, dichloromethane, diethylether, methanol, dichloromethane, diethylether, methanol, dichloromethane, dichloromethane/dimethylformamide 1 :1 and, again, the resin was treated for a second time under the above conditions except for the time which was 24 hours.
• the resin was washed with dichloromethane/dimethylformamide 1:1 (1X), (dimethylformamide, dichloromethane, diethylether, tetrahydrofuran, water/methanol 1 :1 , methanol) (2X), dichloromethane (1X).
• the resin was washed with dichloromethane/dimethylformamide 1 :1 , dichloromethane, diethylether, methanol, dichloromethane, diethylether, methanol, dichloromethane, dichloromethane/dimethylformamide 1 :1 and, again, the resin was treated for a second time under the above conditions except for the time which was 24 hours.
• the resin was washed with dichloromethane/dimethylformamide 1 :1 (1X), (dimethylformamide, dichloromethane, diethylether, tetrahydrofuran, water/methanol 1 :1 , methanol) (2X), dichloromethane (1X).
• PS-2-(4-chloro-2-nitrophenoxy)-N-((3-endo)-8-(4-chlorobenzyl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan- 3-yl)acetamide (Example 38) (1.0 g, loading: 1mmol/g, 1 mmol) was suspended in a 3M solution of stannous chloride dihydrate in 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (50 mL) and the mixture was stirred at 6O 0 C overnight.
• PS-2-(2-amino-4-chlorophenoxy)-N-((3-endo)-8-(4-chlorobenzyl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan- 3-yl)acetamide (Example 40) (0.06 g, loading: 1 mmol/g, 0.06 mmols) was suspended in a solution of N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)glycine (0.042 g, 0.24 mmols), diisopropylethylamine (0.062 g, 0.48 mmols) and O- ⁇ -azabenzotriazol-i-yO-N.N.N'.N'-tetramethyluronium hexafluoro-phosphate (0.087 g, 0.23 mmols) in dichloromethane/dimethylforrnamide 1 :1 (2 ml_).
• PS-2-(2-amino-4-chlorophenoxy)-N-((3-endo)-8-(4-chlorobenzyl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan- 3-yl)acetamide (Example 40) (0.06 g, loading: 1mmol/g, 0.06 mmols) was suspended in a solution of N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-beta-alanine (0.045 g, 0.24 mmols), diisopropylethylamine (0.062 g, 0.48 mmols) and O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N',N'- tetramethyluronium hexafluoro-phosphate (0.087 g, 0.23 mmols) in dichloromethane/dimethylformamide 1 :1 (2 mL).
• PS-2-(2-amino-4-chlorophenoxy)-N-((3-endo)-8-(4-chlorobenzyl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1 ]octan- 3-yl)acetamide (Example 40) (0.06 g, loading: 1mmol/g, 0.06 mmols) was suspended in a solution of i- ⁇ ert-butoxycarbonyOpiperidine-S-carboxylic acid (0.055 g, 0.24 mmols), diisopropylethylamine (0.062 g, 0.48 mmols) and O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N',N'- tetramethyluronium hexafluoro-phosphate (0.087 g, 0.23 mmols) in dichloromethane/dimethylformamide 1 :1 (2 ml_).
• PS-2-(2-amino-4-chlorophenoxy)-N-((3-endo)-8-(4-chlorobenzyl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan- 3-yl)acetamide (Example 40) (0.06 g, loading: 1mmol/g, 0.06 mmols) was suspended in a solution of trifluoroacetic anhydride (0.050 g, 0.24 mmols) and pyridine (0.038 g, 0.48 mmols) in dichloromethane(2 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The resin was washed with dichloromethane.
• PS-2-(2-amino-4-chlorophenoxy)-N-((3-endo)-8-(4-chlorobenzyl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan- 3-yl)acetamide (Example 40) (0.06 g, loading: 1mmol/g, 0.06 mmols) was suspended in a solution of methanesulfonyl chloride(0.055 g, 0.48 mmols) and pyridine (0.038 g, 0.48 mmols) in dichloromethane(2 ml_). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The resin was washed with dichloromethane.
• PS-allyl (3-exo)-3-[( ⁇ 2-[(aminocarbonyl)amino]-4-chlorophenoxy ⁇ acetyl)amino]-8- azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate (0.2 g, loading: 1 mmol/g, 0.2 mmols) was washed and swelled with dichloromethane.
• a solution of dimethylamino borane (0.47 g) in dichloromethane (4 ml_) and a solution of tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium (0.023 g) in dichloromethane (2 mL) were added to the resin.
• PS- 2- ⁇ 2-[(aminocarbonyl)amino]-4-chlorophenoxy ⁇ -N-[(3-exo)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1 ]oct-3- yljacetamide (0.2g, loading: 1 mmol/g, 0.2 mmols) was washed and swelled with dimethylformamide.
• a solution of 4-chlorobenzaldehyde (0.56g, 4 mmols) in dimethylformamide (2 mL) and a 0.4% solution of acetic acid in dimethylformamide (0.87 mL) were added to the resin. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hours.
• PS- allyl (3-endo)-3- ⁇ [(3-chlorophenyl)acetyl]amino ⁇ -8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8- carboxylate (0.1 g, loading: 1 mmol/g, 0.1 mmols) was washed and swelled with dichloromethane.
• a 2M solution of dimethylamino borane in dichloromethane (2 ml_) and a 0.01 M solution of tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium in dichloromethane (1 mL) were added to the resin. The mixture was stirred for 20 minutes at room temperature. It was filtered and washed with dichloromethane.
• the resin was treated for a second time under the above conditions. It was filtered and washed with dichloromethane (3X), a 0.2% solution of trifluoroacetic acid in dichloromethane (2X), dichloromethane (3X), a 5% solution of diisopropylethylamine in dichloromethane (2X), a solution of dioxane/water 9:1 (2X), methanol (3X), dimethylformamide (3X), dichloromethane (3X). The resin was dried in vacuo to give the title compound.
• PS-allyl (3-endo)-3-[( ⁇ 2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino]phenyl ⁇ acetyl)amino]-8- azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate (0.1 g, loading:1 mmol/g, 0.1 mmols) was washed and swelled with dichloromethane.
• a 2M solution of dimethylamino borane in dichloromethane (2 mL) and a 0.01 M solution of tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium in dichloromethane (1 mL) were added to the resin. The mixture was stirred for 20 minutes at room temperature.
• PS-N-[(3-endo)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl]-2- ⁇ 2-[(2,6- dichlorophenyl)amino]phenyl ⁇ acetamide (0.1g, loading: I mmol/g, 0.1 mmols) was washed and swelled with dimethylformamide.
• a 2M solution of 4-chlorobenzaldehyde in dimethylformamide (1 mL) and a 0.4% solution of acetic acid in dimethylformamide (0.5 ml_) were added to the resin. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hours.
• N 1 -[(3-endo)-8-(4-chlorobenzyl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl]glycinamide (0.040 g, 0.13 mmols) and 1-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclopentanecarbonyl chloride (0.032 g, 0.13 mmols) were dissolved in dichloromethane (2 mL).
• Triethylamine (0.013mL) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. It was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of potassium carbonate. The organic phase was dried, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Chromatography on silica gel gave the title compound (0.045 g).
• the title compound was obtained from PS-N 1 -[(3-endo)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl]-N 2 - ⁇ [(S-chlorophenyOaminoJcarbonylJglycinamide following the same procedure described above for example 48 for the reductive amination.
• the cleavage from the resin was performed following the procedure described in the same example and a reverse phase chromatography gave N-((3-endo)-8-(4-chlorobenzyl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl)-2-(3- (3-chlorophenyl)ureido)acetamide (0.005 g).
• PS-allyl (3-endo)-3-(glycylamino)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate (Intermediate 19) (0.1 g, loading: 1 mmol/g, 0.1 mmol) was washed and swelled with dichloromethane. A 0.5M solution of 2-phenoxybenzoic acid in dichloromethane/dimethylformamide 9:1 (2ml_) was added. A 1.2M solution of N,N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide in dichloromethane/dimethylformamide 9:1 (1mL) was added. The mixture was stirred for 4 hours at 5O 0 C.
• PS-allyl (3-endo)-3-amino-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate (Intermediate 19) (0.1 g, loading: 1 mmol/g, 0.1 mmols) was washed and swelled with tetrahydrofuran. It was filtered and N-[(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]-beta-alanine (0.31 g, 1 mmols) and tetrahydrofuran (1 mL) were added. A 0.6M solution of N.N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide in tetrahydrofuran (2 mL) was added to the mixture.
• PS- allyl (3-endo)-3-(beta-alanylamino)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate (0.1 g, loading: 1mmol/g, 0.1 mmol) was washed with dichloromethane.
• a 0.5M solution of 2- ⁇ [3- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino ⁇ benzoic acid in dichloromethane/dimethylformarnide 9:1 (2 ml.) and a 1.2M solution of N,N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide in dichloromethane/dimethylformamide 9:1 (1 mL) were added and the mixture was stirred at 50 0 C for 4 hours.
• PS-allyl (3-endo)-3-amino-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate (Intermediate 7) (0.1 g, loading: 1 mmol/g, 0.1 mmols) was washed and swelled with tetrahydrofuran. It was filtered and N-[(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]-D-alanine (0.31 g, 1 mmols) and tetrahydrofuran (1 mL) were added. A 0.6M solution of N,N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide in tetrahydrofuran (2 mL) was added to the mixture.
• PS-allyl (3-endo)-3-[(N-methylglycyl)amino]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1 ]octane-8-carboxylate (0.1 g, loading: 1mmol/g, 0.1 mmol) was washed with dichloromethane.

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