WO2006132058A1 - 通信装置および方法、並びにプログラム - Google Patents
通信装置および方法、並びにプログラム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006132058A1 WO2006132058A1 PCT/JP2006/309711 JP2006309711W WO2006132058A1 WO 2006132058 A1 WO2006132058 A1 WO 2006132058A1 JP 2006309711 W JP2006309711 W JP 2006309711W WO 2006132058 A1 WO2006132058 A1 WO 2006132058A1
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- 230000006854 communication Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 454
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 452
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Classifications
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- H04B5/22—
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B13/00—Transmission systems characterised by the medium used for transmission, not provided for in groups H04B3/00 - H04B11/00
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B13/00—Transmission systems characterised by the medium used for transmission, not provided for in groups H04B3/00 - H04B11/00
- H04B13/005—Transmission systems in which the medium consists of the human body
-
- H04B5/48—
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a communication device, method, and program, and in particular, in a communication device having at least two electrodes, communication can be performed regardless of the physical position relationship between the communication device user and the communication device.
- the present invention relates to a communication apparatus and method that can be enabled, and a program. Background art
- a physical communication signal transmission path for transmitting a communication signal and a reference point for determining a difference in height of the communication signal are provided.
- Communication was established by providing a physical reference point path different from the communication signal transmission path for sharing between the transmission apparatus and the reception apparatus (for example, see Patent Document 1 or Patent Document 2). .
- Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 describe communication technology using a human body as a communication medium.
- Direct electrostatic coupling between electrodes in the space is provided as the second communication path, and the entire communication path consisting of the first communication path and the second communication path forms a closed circuit. .
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-229357
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Publication No. 11-509380
- a communication signal transmission path and a reference point path (a first communication path and a second communication path) are transmitted between the transmission apparatus and the reception apparatus. It is necessary to provide one communication path as a closed circuit, but since both paths are different, it is necessary to stably balance these two paths, which restricts the usage environment for communication. There was a fear.
- the strength of the electrostatic coupling between the transmitting device and the receiving device in the reference point path depends on the distance between the apparatuses, and the stability of the path varies depending on the distance. In other words, in this case, the stability of communication may depend on the distance of the reference point path between the transmission device and the reception device.
- the stability of communication may change due to the presence of a shield between the transmitter and the receiver.
- the ground is a reference point and the transmission device and the reception device are electrostatically coupled through the ground (when the ground is included in the reference point path), the ground, the transmission device, the reception device, and the communication Since the reference point path changes depending on the positional relationship with the medium (for example, the human body), the stability of communication may change.
- each electrode is fixed in a communication device including two electrodes.
- a contact-type human body communication device comprising a wristwatch-type ID holding device and a reading device for reading it.
- this human body communication device the mounting position relationship between the two electrodes attached to the wristwatch-type ID holding device and the human body is fixed.
- the present invention has been made in view of such a situation.
- the positional relationship between the user and the communication device is not restricted, the communication is stabilized, and the high
- the purpose is to provide convenience.
- a communication apparatus includes a communication processing unit that performs communication processing, a connection unit that connects the communication processing unit and a plurality of electrodes, and a communication unit that controls the connection unit to communicate with a communication medium among the plurality of electrodes.
- the first electrode that is electrostatically coupled is connected to the first terminal of the communication processing means, and the second electrode that is strongly electrostatically coupled to the space is compared with the second terminal of the communication processing means as compared with the first electrode.
- Connection control means for connecting to the terminal.
- connection control means detects the signal level of the signal when the signal for investigating the state of electrostatic coupling with the surroundings of each of the plurality of electrodes is supplied to each electrode. Means and control means for controlling the connection of the plurality of electrodes to the communication processing means based on the signal level detected by the signal level detecting means.
- connection control means further includes an electrode selection means for selecting an electrode for supplying a signal
- the signal level detection means is a signal level of a signal when a signal is supplied to the electrode selected by the electrode selection means. Can be detected.
- connection control means further includes holding means for holding the signal level detected by the signal level detecting means for each electrode, and the control means is based on the signal level for each electrode held by the holding means.
- the connection of the plurality of electrodes to the communication processing means can be controlled.
- connection control means can supply signals to all the electrodes simultaneously, and the signal level detection means can simultaneously detect the signal levels corresponding to each of all the electrodes.
- connection control means further includes a plurality of loads connected to each of the plurality of electrodes and connected in series, and the signal level detection means is a signal level generated in the plurality of loads connected in series. Can be detected.
- connection control means may control the connection means after stopping the communication processing by the communication processing means.
- connection control means may control the connection means during an idle time of communication processing by the communication processing means.
- connection control means may control the connection means in succession to the communication processing by the communication processing means.
- connection control means can control the connection means simultaneously with the transmission processing by using the transmission signal in the transmission processing for the communication processing means.
- the communication processing means includes a transmission output terminal and a reception input terminal, and the connection control means controls the connection means so that the first electrode is used as the transmission output terminal or the reception input terminal of the communication processing means. It can be made to connect.
- the communication method of the present invention controls a communication control step for controlling a communication processing unit for performing communication processing, and a connection unit for connecting the communication processing unit for performing communication processing and a plurality of electrodes under the control of the communication control step. Then, among the plurality of electrodes, the first electrode that is electrostatically coupled to the communication medium is connected to the first terminal of the communication processing unit, and is strongly electrostatically coupled to the space as compared with the first electrode. And a connection control step for connecting the second electrode to the second terminal of the communication processing unit.
- a program of the present invention controls a communication control step for controlling a communication processing unit for performing communication processing, and a connection unit for connecting the communication processing unit for performing communication processing and a plurality of electrodes under the control of the communication control step. Then, of the plurality of electrodes, the first electrode that is electrostatically coupled to the communication medium is connected to the first terminal of the communication processing unit, and is strongly electrostatically coupled to the space as compared with the first electrode.
- the communication processing unit is controlled to perform communication processing
- the connection unit between the communication processing unit and the plurality of electrodes is controlled to control the plurality of electrodes.
- the first electrode that is electrostatically coupled to the communication medium is connected to the first terminal of the communication processing unit
- the second electrode is strongly electrostatically coupled to the space as compared to the first electrode. Connected to the second terminal of the processing unit.
- communication can be enabled regardless of the physical positional relationship between the communication device user and the communication device.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration example according to an embodiment of a communication system to which the present invention is applied.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of an equivalent circuit of the communication system of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a physical configuration model of the communication system in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an actual usage example according to an embodiment of a communication system to which the present invention is applied.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing another example of use according to an embodiment of a communication system to which the present invention is applied.
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing an external configuration example of a communication device.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating an internal configuration example of a transmission apparatus.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating a detailed configuration example of an electrode control unit in FIG.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating a detailed configuration example of a transmission unit in FIG.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating the flow of transmission processing.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating the flow of electrode control processing.
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing an example of the internal configuration of a receiving apparatus.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram illustrating a detailed configuration example of a receiving unit in FIG.
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart illustrating the flow of transmission / reception processing.
- FIG. 15 is a block diagram illustrating an internal configuration example of a communication device.
- FIG. 16 is a block diagram showing a detailed configuration example of a communication unit in FIG.
- FIG. 17 is a flowchart illustrating the flow of communication processing.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating an example of execution timing of electrode control processing.
- FIG. 19 is a block diagram showing another detailed configuration example of the electrode control unit in FIG. 15.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a personal computer to which an embodiment of the present invention is applied.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example according to an embodiment of a communication system to which the present invention is applied.
- a communication system 1 includes a transmission device 10, a reception device 20, and a communication medium 30, and the transmission device 10 and the reception device 20 transmit and receive signals via the communication medium 30. . That is, in the communication system 1, the signal transmitted from the transmission device 10 is transmitted through the communication medium 30 and received by the reception device 20.
- the transmission device 10 includes a transmission signal electrode 11, a transmission reference electrode 12, and a transmission unit 13.
- the transmission signal electrode 11 is one electrode of an electrode pair provided for transmitting a signal to be transmitted via the communication medium 30, and the communication signal electrode 11 communicates more than the transmission reference electrode 12 which is the other electrode of the electrode pair. It is provided so that electrostatic coupling to the medium 30 is strong.
- the transmission unit 13 is provided between the transmission signal electrode 11 and the transmission reference electrode 12, and gives an electrical signal (potential difference) transmitted to the reception device 20 between these electrodes.
- the receiving device 20 includes a reception signal electrode 21, a reception reference electrode 22, and a reception unit 23.
- the reception signal electrode 21 is one electrode of an electrode pair provided for receiving a signal transmitted via the communication medium 30, and the reception reference electrode which is the other electrode of the electrode pair. It is provided such that electrostatic coupling is stronger with respect to the communication medium 30 than with the pole 22.
- the receiving unit 23 is provided between the reception signal electrode 21 and the reception reference electrode 22, detects an electric signal (potential difference) generated between these electrodes by a signal transmitted via the communication medium 30, and detects the electric signal. The signal is converted into a desired electrical signal, and the electrical signal generated by the transmission unit 13 of the transmission device 10 is restored.
- the communication medium 30 is made of a substance having physical characteristics capable of transmitting an electrical signal, such as a conductor or a dielectric.
- the communication medium 30 may be a conductor typified by a metal such as copper, iron, or aluminum, a dielectric typified by pure water, rubber, glass, or the like, or a living body that is a composite of these, salt, Like electrolytes such as water, it is made of a material that has both the properties of a conductor and the properties of a dielectric.
- the communication medium 30 may have any shape, for example, a linear shape, a plate shape, a spherical shape, a prism shape, a cylindrical shape, or any other shape. Also good.
- the transmission reference electrode 12 is provided so as to face the space around the transmission device 10
- the reception reference electrode 22 is provided so as to face the space around the reception device 20.
- a capacitance is formed between the conductor sphere and the space.
- the capacitance C can be obtained by the following equation (1).
- ⁇ represents a circumference ratio.
- ⁇ represents the dielectric constant, and is obtained as in the following equation (2).
- ⁇ represents a relative dielectric constant, and a ratio to a vacuum dielectric constant ⁇ .
- the transmission reference electrode 12 forms a capacitance in the space around the transmission device 10
- the reception reference electrode 22 forms a capacitance in the space around the reception device 20.
- the potentials of the transmission reference electrode 12 and the reception reference electrode 22 increase as the capacitance increases. Show me.
- the capacitor may be simply expressed as an electrostatic capacity, but these are consents.
- the transmission device 10 and the reception device 20 in FIG. 1 are arranged so as to maintain a sufficient distance between the devices, and the mutual influence can be ignored.
- the transmission signal electrode 11 is electrostatically coupled only with the communication medium 30, and the transmission reference electrode 12 is installed so as to be separated from the transmission signal electrode 11 1 so that the mutual influence can be ignored ( It shall not be electrostatically coupled).
- the reception signal electrode 21 is electrostatically coupled only with the communication medium 30, and the reception reference electrode 22 is sufficiently distanced from the reception signal electrode 21, so that the mutual influence can be ignored. (No electrostatic coupling).
- the transmission signal electrode 11, the reception signal electrode 21, and the communication medium 30 each have capacitance to the space as long as they are arranged in the space. For convenience of explanation, they can be ignored.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the communication system 1 of FIG. 1 with an equivalent circuit. That is, the communication system 50 shown in FIG. 2 is substantially equivalent to the communication system 1.
- the communication system 50 includes a transmission device 60, a reception device 70, and a connection line 80.
- the transmission device 60 corresponds to the transmission device 10 of the communication system 1 shown in FIG.
- the receiving device 70 corresponds to the receiving device 20 of the communication system 1 shown in FIG. This corresponds to the communication medium 30 of the communication system 1 shown in FIG.
- the signal source 63_1 and the reference point 63_2 in the transmission device correspond to the transmission unit 13 of FIG.
- the signal source 63-1 generates a sine wave having a specific period ⁇ X t [rad] as a signal for transmission.
- t [s] indicates time.
- ⁇ [rad / s] represents the angular frequency and can be expressed as the following equation (3).
- Equation (3) ⁇ represents the pi, and f [Hz] represents the frequency of the signal generated by the signal source 63-1.
- the reference point 63-2 in the transmitter is a point connected to the circuit ground in the transmitter 60. That is, one terminal of the signal source 63-1 is set to a predetermined reference potential of the circuit in the transmission device 60.
- Cte 64 is a capacitor and represents the capacitance between the transmission signal electrode 11 and the communication medium 30 in FIG. In other words, the Cte 64 is provided between the connection line 80 and the terminal on the opposite side of the signal source 63-1 from the reference point 63-2 within the transmission apparatus.
- Ctg65 is a capacitor and represents the capacitance with respect to the space of the transmission reference electrode 12 in FIG.
- Ctg65 is provided between the terminal on the reference point 63-2 of the signal source 63-1 and the reference point 66 indicating the infinity point (virtual point) with respect to the transmitter 60 in space. I have.
- Rr 73-1, the detector 73-2, and the reference point 73-3 in the receiving device correspond to the receiving unit 23 in FIG. Rr73-1 is a load resistance (reception load) for extracting the received signal.
- the detector 73-2 configured by an amplifier detects and amplifies the potential difference between the terminals on both sides of the Rr73-1.
- the reference point 73-3 in the receiving device is a point connected to the circuit ground in the receiving device 70. That is, one of the terminals of Rr73_l (one of the input terminals of the detector 72-2) is set to a predetermined reference potential of the circuit in the receiver 70.
- the detector 73_2 further has other functions such as demodulating the detected modulated signal and decoding encoded information included in the detected signal. It may be.
- Cre74 is a capacitor, and the electrostatic capacitance between the reception signal electrode 21 and the communication medium 30 in FIG. It represents capacity. That is, Cre74 is provided between the reference point 73_3 in the receiving apparatus 73_1 and the terminal opposite to the connection line 80.
- Crg75 is a capacitor and represents the capacitance with respect to the space of the reception reference electrode 22 in FIG. Crg75 is provided between the terminal on the reference point 73-3 inside the receiver of Rr 73-1 and the reference point 76 that indicates the infinity point (virtual point) with respect to the receiver 20 in space. ing.
- Connection line 80 represents communication medium 30 which is a perfect conductor.
- Ctg65 and Crg75 are represented by forces S and Cgg65 and Crg75 which are expressed as being electrically connected to each other via the reference point 66 and the reference point 76 on the equivalent circuit.
- these need not be electrically connected to each other, but may form a capacitance with respect to the space around the transmission device 60 or the reception device 70. It is important to know that if there is a conductor, an electrostatic capacity proportional to the size of the surface area is always formed in the surrounding space.
- the reference point 66 and the reference point 76 need not be electrically connected, and may have independent potentials.
- the conductivity of the connection line 80 can be regarded as infinite, so the length of the connection line 80 in FIG. 2 does not affect communication. If the communication medium 30 is a conductor with sufficient conductivity, the distance between the transmission device and the reception device does not affect the stability of communication in practice. Therefore, in such a case, the distance between the transmission device 60 and the reception device 70 may be as long as possible.
- a circuit composed of a signal source 63-1, Rr73_l, Cte64, Ctg65, Cre74, and Crg75 is formed.
- the combined capacitance C of four capacitors connected in series (Cte64, Ctg65, Cre capacitor 74, and Crg75) can be expressed by the following equation (4).
- V V] represents the maximum amplitude voltage of the signal source voltage
- ⁇ [rad] represents the initial phase angle
- V trms [V]-(6)
- the synthetic impedance Z in the entire circuit can be obtained as in the following equation (7).
- Vrrms X Vtrms xV trms [V]-(8)
- the effective value V of the voltage by the signal source 63-1 of the transmitter 60 is fixed to 2 [V],
- Signal source 63 The frequency f of the signal generated by 1 is 1 [MHz], 10 [MHz], or 100 [MHz], and the resistance of Rr73_l is 10 [ ⁇ ], 100 [ ⁇ ], or 1 [ ⁇ ] And the whole circuit
- the capacitance C is 0. l [pF], l [pF], or 10 [pF]
- the calculation result of the effective value V of the voltage generated at both ends of Rr73_l is the same under other conditions.
- the frequency f is 1 [MHz
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a calculation model for each parameter generated on the system when the communication system described above is actually physically configured.
- the communication system 100 includes the transmission device 110, the reception device 120, and the communication medium 130, and is a system corresponding to the communication system 1 (communication system 50) described above, and the parameters to be evaluated are different.
- the configuration is basically the same as that of the communication system 1 and the communication system 50.
- the transmission device 110 corresponds to the transmission device 10
- the reception device 120 corresponds to the reception device 20
- the communication medium 130 corresponds to the communication medium 30. To do.
- the transmission device 110 includes a transmission signal electrode 111 corresponding to the transmission signal electrode 11, a transmission reference electrode 112 corresponding to the transmission reference electrode 12, and a signal source 113 corresponding to the transmission unit 13. That is, the transmission signal electrode 111 is connected to one of the terminals on both sides of the signal source 113, and the transmission reference electrode 112 is connected to the other.
- the transmission signal electrode 111 is provided so as to be close to the communication medium 130.
- the transmission reference electrode 112 is configured to have a capacitance with respect to a space outside the transmission device 110.
- the transmission unit 13 has been described so that the signal source 63-1 and the reference point 63-2 in the transmission apparatus correspond to each other. However, in the case of FIG. Dots are omitted.
- the reception device 120 also includes a reception signal electrode 121 corresponding to the reception signal electrode 21, a reception reference electrode 122 corresponding to the reception reference electrode 22, and the reception unit 2. It has Rrl 23_l corresponding to 3 and detector 123-2. That is, the reception signal electrode 121 is connected to one of the terminals on both sides of Rrl23_l, and the reception reference electrode 122 is connected to the other. The reception signal electrode 121 is provided so as to be close to the communication medium 130.
- the reception reference electrode 122 is configured to have a capacitance with respect to a space outside the reception device 120.
- the receiving unit 23 has been described so that Rr73_l, the detector 73_2, and the reference point in the receiving device 73-3 correspond, but in the case of FIG. 3, for convenience of explanation, This reference point in the receiving apparatus is omitted.
- the communication medium 130 is assumed to be a perfect conductor as in the case of FIG. 1 and FIG.
- the transmitter 110 and the receiver 120 are arranged at a sufficient distance from each other, and the mutual influence can be ignored.
- the capacitance Ctel l4 between the transmission signal electrode 111 and the communication medium 130 corresponds to Cte64 in Fig. 2, and the capacitance relative to the space of the transmission reference electrode 112 (transmission reference).
- Ctgl l 5 corresponds to Ctg65 in FIG.
- Reference point 116-1 and reference point 116-2 which represent virtual infinity points in the space, correspond to reference point 66 in FIG.
- the transmission signal electrode 111 is a disc-shaped electrode having an area Ste [m 2 ], and is provided at a position separated from the communication medium 130 by a minute distance dte [m].
- the transmission reference electrode 112 is also a disk-shaped electrode, and its radius is rtg [m].
- the capacitance Crel 24 between the reception signal electrode 121 and the communication medium 130 corresponds to Cre74 in Fig. 2, and the capacitance relative to the space of the reception reference electrode 122 (reception reference electrode (Capacitance between 122 and reference point 12 6-1 indicating a virtual infinity point in space from reception reference electrode 122) Crgl25 corresponds to Crg75 in FIG.
- the reception signal electrode 121 is a disk-shaped electrode having an area Sre [m 2 ], and is provided at a position separated from the communication medium 130 by a minute distance dre [m].
- the reception reference electrode 122 is also a disk-shaped electrode, and its radius is rrg [m].
- Capacitance formed between the transmission signal electrode 111 and the space (virtual infinity point in space from the transmission signal electrode 111 and the transmission signal electrode 111) Cthl l 7-2 and the capacitance Ctil l 7_3 formed between the transmission reference electrode 11 2 and the communication medium 130 are new parameters. As added.
- an electrostatic capacity Crbl 27-1 formed between the reception signal electrode 121 and the reception reference electrode 122, and an electrostatic capacity formed between the reception signal electrode 121 and the space Crhl 27-2, and reception reference electrode 122
- the capacitance Cril 27-3 formed with the communication medium 130 is added as a new parameter.
- the electrostatic capacitance formed between the communication medium 130 and the space (the reference point indicating the virtual infinity point in the space from the communication medium 130 and the communication medium 130). Capacitance between 136) Cml32 is added as a new parameter.
- the communication medium 130 has an electrical resistance depending on its size, material, etc., and resistance values Rml 31 and Rml 33 are added as new parameters as resistance components.
- force omitted in the communication system 100 of FIG. 3 is formed together with a capacitance according to the dielectric constant when the communication medium has a dielectric property that is not only conductive. .
- an electrostatic capacitance determined by the dielectric constant, distance, size, and arrangement of the dielectric between the transmission signal electrode 111 and the reception signal electrode 121. It will be coupled by capacity.
- the communication system 100 having such parameters has the following properties.
- the transmission device 110 can apply a larger signal to the communication medium 130 as the value of Ctel 14 is larger (capacity is higher). Further, the transmission device 110 can apply a larger signal to the communication medium 130 as the value of Ctgl 5 is larger (capacity is higher). Further, the transmission device 110 can apply a larger signal to the communication medium 130 as the value of Ctbl 17-1 is smaller (capacity is lower). Further, the transmission device 110 can apply a larger signal to the communication medium 130 as the value of Cthl 7_2 is smaller (capacity is lower). Further, the transmitter 110 can apply a larger signal to the communication medium 130 as the value of Ct 17-3 is smaller (capacity is lower).
- the receiving device 120 can extract a larger signal from the communication medium 130 as the value of Crel 24 is larger (the capacity is higher). In addition, the receiving device 120 can extract a larger signal from the communication medium 130 as the value of Crgl25 is larger (the capacity is higher). Furthermore, the receiving device 120 can extract a larger signal from the communication medium 130 as the value of Crbl27-1 is smaller (capacity is lower). In addition, the receiving device 120 can extract a larger signal from the communication medium 130 as the value of Crhl 27-2 is smaller (capacity is lower). Furthermore, the receiving device 120 can extract a larger signal from the communication medium 130 as the value of Cril 27-3 is smaller (capacity is lower). Further, the receiving device 120 can extract a larger signal from the communication medium 130 as the value of Rrl23-1 is lower (resistance is higher).
- the transmission device 110 can apply a larger signal to the communication medium 130 as the values of the resistance components Rml 31 and Rml 33 of the communication medium 130 are lower (the resistance is lower). Further, the smaller the value of Cml 32 that is the electrostatic capacity with respect to the space of the communication medium 130 (the lower the capacity), the more the transmission device 110 can apply a larger signal to the communication medium 130.
- the size of the capacitor is approximately proportional to the surface area of the electrode, it is generally better that the size of each electrode is larger. However, if the size of the electrode is simply increased, the electrostatic capacitance between the electrodes is increased. The capacity may also increase. In addition, the efficiency may decrease even when the electrode size ratio is extreme. Therefore, the size of each electrode and the location of each electrode must be determined within the overall balance.
- each parameter is determined in the frequency band where the frequency of the signal source 113 is high by capturing the equivalent circuit based on the concept of impedance matching. This makes it possible to communicate efficiently. By increasing the frequency, reactance can be ensured even with a small capacitance, and each device can be easily downsized.
- the reactance of a capacitor increases as the frequency decreases.
- the lower limit of the frequency of the signal generated by the signal source 113 is determined thereby. Since Rml31, Cml32, and Rml33 form a low-pass filter based on the arrangement, the upper limit of the frequency is determined by this characteristic.
- the transmission signal electrode 111, the transmission reference electrode 112, the reception signal electrode 121, and the reception reference electrode 122 of the communication system 100 are all conductive discs having a diameter of 5 cm.
- the capacitance Ctell4 composed of the transmission signal electrode 111 and the communication medium 130 is obtained as shown in the following equation (9) when the interval dte is 5 mm.
- Ctgll5 indicating the electrostatic capacitance formed between the transmission reference electrode 112 and the space can be obtained as in the following equation (12).
- Ctill7-3 is because the transmission signal electrode 111 and the communication medium 130 are substantially at the same position.
- each parameter of receiving device 120 if the configuration (size, installation position, etc.) of each electrode is the same as that of transmitting device 110, it is set in the same manner as each parameter of transmitting device 110 as follows. Is done.
- the communication medium 130 is an object having characteristics similar to a living body of the size of a human body.
- the electrical resistance from the position of the transmission signal electrode 111 of the communication medium 130 to the position of the reception signal electrode 121 is 1 [ ⁇ ], and the values of Rml31 and Rml33 are 500 [ ⁇ ], respectively.
- the signal source 113 is a sine wave having a maximum value of 1 [V] and a frequency of 10 [MHz].
- the communication system to which the present invention is applied described above eliminates the need for a physical reference point path and can realize communication using only the communication signal transmission path. It is possible to easily provide a communication environment that is not subject to reception.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a communication system when communication is performed via a human body.
- the communication system 150 transmits music data from a transmission device 160 attached to the arm of the human body, and the music data is received by the reception device 170 attached to the head of the human body and converted into voice. It is a system that converts and outputs it to allow the user to view it.
- the communication system 150 is a system corresponding to the communication system described above (for example, communication system 1), and the transmission device 160 and the reception device 170 correspond to the transmission device 10 and the reception device 20, respectively.
- the human body 180 is a communication medium, and corresponds to the communication medium 30 in FIG.
- the transmission device 160 includes the transmission signal electrode 161, the transmission reference electrode 162, and the transmission unit 160, and each of the transmission signal electrode 11, the transmission reference electrode 12, and the transmission unit 13 of FIG.
- the receiving apparatus 170 includes a reception signal electrode 171, a reception reference electrode 172, and a reception unit 173, which correspond to the reception signal electrode 21, the reception reference electrode 22, and the reception unit 23 of FIG.
- the transmission device 160 and the reception device 170 are installed so that the transmission signal electrode 161 and the reception signal electrode 171 are in contact with or close to the human body 180 that is a communication medium. Since the transmission reference electrode 162 and the reception reference electrode 172 need only be in contact with the space, there is no need for coupling with the ground in the vicinity or coupling between the transmission / reception devices (or electrodes).
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining another example for realizing the communication system 150.
- the receiving device 170 is in contact with or close to the human body 180 at the sole, and communicates with the transmitting device 160 attached to the arm of the human body 180.
- the transmission signal electrode 161 and the reception signal electrode 171 are provided so as to contact (or approach) the human body 180 that is a communication medium, and the transmission reference electrode 162 and the reception reference electrode 172 are provided toward the space. It is In particular, this is an application example that cannot be realized by the conventional technology that uses the earth as one of the communication paths.
- the communication system 150 as described above eliminates the need for a physical reference point path and can realize communication using only the communication signal transmission path.
- An environment can be provided.
- the modulation method of the signal flowing in the communication medium is not particularly limited as long as both the transmission device and the reception device can support the characteristics of the entire communication system. Based on this, the most suitable method can be selected.
- the modulation method is one of a baseband, amplitude-modulated, or frequency-modulated analog signal, or a baseband, amplitude-modulated, frequency-modulated, or phase-modulated digital signal. Or a mixture of two or more.
- a single communication medium is used to establish a plurality of communications, and full-duplex communication, communication between a plurality of devices using a single communication medium, or the like is executed. If you can, you can.
- Examples of methods for realizing such multiplex communication include a spread spectrum method, a frequency band division method, and a time division method.
- the communication system can perform simultaneous communication using the same communication medium by a plurality of devices, such as many-to-one communication and many-to-many communication. It can be performed.
- two or more of the above methods may be combined.
- the ability of the transmitting device and the receiving device to communicate with a plurality of other devices at the same time is particularly important in a specific application. For example, assuming application to a ticket for transportation facilities, when a user who has both device A that has commuter pass information and device B that has an electronic money function uses an automatic ticket gate, By using this method, it is possible to communicate with device A and device B at the same time, so that, for example, if the usage section includes a section other than the commuter pass, the shortage amount is deducted from the electronic money of device B. It can be used for convenient purposes such as archery.
- the transmitting device 10 and the receiving device 20 only transmit and receive signals through the signal electrodes that do not require the construction of a closed circuit using the reference electrodes, and are not affected by the environment. It is possible to easily perform stable communication processing. Note that, by simplifying the structure of communication processing, the communication system 1 can easily use various communication methods such as modulation, encoding, encryption, or multiplexing.
- the transmission device and the reception device should be miniaturized as a mopile device. It is also possible to use a belt or the like that is fixed to the arm, legs, etc. to stabilize the positional relationship between the device and the human body, but the user can freely use, for example, a mobile phone. Since usage methods such as holding and placing are also envisaged, a higher degree of freedom in the mounting method (positional relationship between the device and the human body) has a wider range of application than desired.
- Electrodes 211 to 216 used as the transmission signal electrode 11 and the transmission reference electrode 12 are provided on the outer surface of the housing 200.
- the transmitting device 10 can communicate via the human body as shown in FIG. 4 and FIG.
- the electrodes 211 to 216 can be used as both the transmission signal electrode 11 and the transmission reference electrode 12. That is, the transmission device 10 uses any electrode as the transmission signal electrode 11 by controlling (switching) the connection between these electrodes 211 to 216 and the internal circuit, and other arbitrary electrodes. Can be used as the transmission reference electrode 12.
- both the transmission signal electrode 11 and the transmission reference electrode 12 may be close to the hand 220 as a communication medium in the same way. In this case, there is a fear that a favorable communication environment cannot be obtained.
- the communication device 10 in FIG. 6 controls the connection between the electrodes 211 to 216 and the internal circuit in accordance with the position of the hand 220, thereby transmitting and transmitting signal electrodes (electrodes used as electrodes). Control is performed to optimize the positional relationship between the communication reference electrode (the electrode used as the electrode) and the communication medium (hand 220).
- the transmitter 10 connects the electrode 212, the electrode 213, the electrode 215, and the electrode 216 covered with the hand 220 to the internal circuit so as to be used as the transmission signal electrode 11 in FIG. 211 and electrode 214 are connected to the internal circuit to be used as transmission reference electrode 12. That is, in other words, the communication device 10 performs control so as to optimize the positional relationship between the communication medium and the electrode pair (the electrode pair including the transmission signal electrode 11 and the transmission reference electrode 12).
- the transmission device 10 can also control connection so that a plurality of electrodes are used as the transmission signal electrode 11 or the transmission reference electrode 12. Further, the transmitter 10 may have unconnected electrodes that do not need to be connected so that all the electrodes are used as the transmission signal electrode 11 or the reception reference electrode 12. For example, in the case of FIG. 6, like the electrode 212, the electrode 213, and the electrode 215, an electrode in which only a part of the electrode is covered with the hand 220 may be left unconnected.
- the transmission device 10 can transmit, for example, only the electrodes that can clearly distinguish the strength of electrostatic coupling with the communication medium in the electrode group from the transmission signal electrode 1: L or Used as the transmission reference electrode i 2 and used as an unused electrode with an intermediate electrostatic coupling with the communication medium (an electrode that is not clearly defined as the transmission signal electrode 11 or the transmission reference electrode) can do.
- the transmission device 10 can set the transmission signal electrode 11 and the transmission reference electrode that have an optimal positional relationship with the communication medium.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of an embodiment of a transmission apparatus in that case.
- the transmission device 260 includes an electrode control unit 261, an electrode unit 262, and a transmission unit 263.
- the electrode section 262 includes an electrode 271 and an electrode 272 that are electrostatically coupled to the outside and are, for example, disk-shaped electrode pairs.
- the electrode control unit 261 controls connection between each electrode of the electrode unit 262 and the transmission unit 263.
- the transmission unit 263 performs a process of transmitting a signal via the electrode unit 262.
- the transmission device 260 is a device corresponding to the transmission device 10 of Fig. 1, and outputs a signal to the communication medium 280 corresponding to the communication medium 30 using electrostatic induction, whereby a conductor or dielectric A signal is transmitted to the receiving device via the communication medium 280.
- Electrode 262 electrode 271 This corresponds to the electrode pair of the transmission signal electrode 11 and the transmission reference electrode 12 in FIG.
- the transmission unit 263 corresponds to the transmission unit 13 in FIG.
- one of the electrode 271 and the electrode 272 is connected to the transmission unit 263 as the transmission signal electrode 11, and the other is connected to the transmission unit 263 as the transmission reference electrode 12.
- the electrode control unit 262 adjusts the state of electrostatic coupling between the electrode 271 and the outside of the electrode 272 (capacitance level), and adjusts the electrode 271 and the electrode 272 so as to be optimal according to the state. Controls connection of transmitter 263.
- the communication medium 280 force having conductivity or dielectric that becomes a communication path approaches the S electrode 271.
- the electrode 272 is directed to the free space and forms a capacitance Ctg295 that forms the free space.
- the electrode 271 approaches the communication medium 280, electrostatic bonding with the free space is weakened, and electrostatic coupling with the communication medium 280 becomes dominant.
- the communication medium 280 is an object having a dielectric constant higher than that of a conductor or air, the capacitance Cte294 seen from the electrode 271 is larger than the capacitance Ctg295.
- the magnitude of the load can be determined by applying some signal to the electrode and the magnitude of the signal level of the load attached to the path.
- the capacitance is low, so the signal level of the load is higher in the case of conductors and dielectrics where the load signal level is low, because the capacitance is high.
- the electrode control unit 26 1 can detect the state of the electrode (whether or not the communication medium 280 is in close proximity) by detecting the signal level.
- the electrode control unit 261 controls the connection between the transmission unit 263 and the electrode unit 262 according to the status of each electrode grasped in this way.
- the transmission unit 263 connects the electrode 271 and the electrode 272 of the electrode unit 262 as a transmission signal electrode or a transmission reference electrode, respectively.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a detailed configuration example of the electrode control unit 261 in FIG.
- the electrode control unit 261 includes a main control unit 301, a signal input control unit 302, a holding unit 303, a connection control unit 304, a switching control unit 305, a signal source 311, a switch 312, a detection unit 313, and a connection. Part 314.
- the main control unit 301 transmits to the electrode unit 262 by controlling each unit in the electrode control unit 261, for example, the signal input control unit 302, the holding unit 303, the connection control unit 304, and the switching control unit 305.
- the connection control process of unit 263 is performed.
- the signal input control unit 302 controls the input of the signal generated by the signal source 311 to each electrode of the electrode unit 262 by switching the switch 312 on and off under the control of the main control unit 301.
- the holding unit 303 is controlled by the main control unit 301, holds the signal level detected by the detection unit 313, and supplies the value to the main control unit 301 as necessary.
- the connection control unit 304 is controlled by the main control unit 301 and controls connection switching by the connection unit 314.
- the switching control unit 305 is controlled by the main control unit 301 and controls the connection between the electrode unit 262 and the transmission unit 263 by supplying information to control the connection between the electrode unit 262 and the transmission unit 263 to the transmission unit 263. .
- the signal source 311 supplies a signal with a predetermined frequency to the switch 312.
- the switch 312 is controlled by the signal input control unit 302 and supplies the signal supplied from the signal source 311 to the detection unit 313 or stops the supply.
- the detection unit 313 has a load resistance 321 having a predetermined resistance value inside, and can detect a potential at both ends of the load resistance 321. That is, the holding unit 303 is supplied with information on the potential at both ends of the load resistor 321. The holding unit 303 obtains the signal level applied to the electrode based on the potential information at both ends of the load resistor 321, and holds the value.
- the connecting portion 314 has a kind of multi-pole switch.
- This multipolar switch is a switch for switching the connection between a terminal 322 to which the detection unit 313 is connected and a plurality of terminals provided for each electrode.
- the terminal 323 is connected to the electrode 271, and the terminal 324 is connected to the electrode 272. That is, the connection unit 314 is controlled by the connection control unit 304, and the signal supplied from the signal source 311 is switched by switching whether the terminal 322 is connected to the terminal 323 or the terminal 324 or not. Switch the power supplied to electrode 271 or electrode 272 ⁇ or not supplied.
- the main control unit 301 controls the connection control unit 304 to sequentially connect the terminal 322 of the connection unit 314 to each of the terminal 323 and the terminal 324. Finally, release the connection and leave it open.
- the main control unit 301 In the state (terminal 322 is connected to terminal 323, terminal 322 is connected to terminal 324, and terminal 322 is not connected), the signal input control unit 302 is controlled for a predetermined time. Switch on and apply signal.
- the detection unit 313 detects the signal level of each signal applied as described above, and supplies it to the holding unit 303 to hold it.
- the main control unit 301 acquires the detection result of the signal level from the holding unit 303, the main control unit 301 supplies it to the transmission unit 263 via the switching control unit 305 as control information.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a detailed configuration example of the transmission unit 263 in FIG.
- the transmission unit 263 includes a transmission control unit 351, a transmission signal generation unit 352, an amplification unit 353, a connection unit 354, and a connection control unit 355.
- the transmission control unit 351 controls the connection with the electrode unit 262 based on the control information supplied from the electrode control unit 261 (the switching control unit 305) by controlling each unit in the transmission unit 263. Control processing related to signal transmission, such as transmission of a transmission signal or output of a transmission signal.
- the transmission signal generation unit 352 is configured to be capable of generating a plurality of types of transmission signals in advance, for example, and generates a transmission signal corresponding to the transmission information instructed by the transmission control unit 351. This is supplied to the amplifying unit 353.
- the amplification unit 353 is configured by an operational amplifier or the like, and amplifies the transmission signal supplied from the transmission signal generation unit 352 based on the control of the transmission control unit 351, and supplies it to the transmission signal electrode and the transmission reference electrode.
- the connection unit 354 has a multipolar switch that switches the connection between the output terminal of the amplification unit 353 and the electrode.
- connection unit 354 connects the output terminal 361 and the output terminal 362 of the amplification unit 353 to either the terminal 363 or the terminal 364 (terminals different from each other) based on the control of the connection control unit 355. Or leave both unconnected (open).
- the connection unit 354 connects the transmission signal electrode output terminal 361 of the amplification unit 353 to the terminal 364 (electrode 272) and the transmission reference electrode output terminal 362 to the terminal 363 (electrode 271). Connected. That is, in this case, the electrode 271 acts as a transmission reference electrode, and the electrode 272 acts as a transmission signal electrode.
- the transmission control unit 351 when the mode for transmitting a signal is entered, the transmission control unit 351 generates the supplied control information in the electrode control unit 261 in the mode for investigating the electrostatic coupling of each electrode. Based on this, the connection control unit 355 is controlled to connect the terminals of the connection unit 354 to determine the transmission signal electrode and the transmission reference electrode.
- the transmission control unit 351 controls the transmission signal generation unit 352 to generate a transmission signal, controls the amplification unit 353, amplifies the transmission signal, and transmits it to the connection unit.
- the data is output from the electrode unit 262 to the communication medium 280 via 354.
- the transmitter 260 transmits signals after switching and optimizing the transmission signal electrode and the transmission reference electrode in accordance with the electrostatic coupling state of each electrode, so that it can be used as a communication medium.
- the signal can be stably transmitted to the receiving device regardless of the positional relationship with the human body.
- the main control unit 301 controls the transmission control unit 351 of the transmission unit 263 via the switching control unit 305 in step S1, using predetermined timing and processing as a trigger. Stop signal transmission.
- the transmission control unit 351 controls the transmission signal generation unit 352 based on an instruction from the main control unit 301 to stop signal generation.
- main control section 301 advances the process to step S2, and executes an electrode control process for controlling the connection between electrode section 262 and transmission section 263. Details of the electrode control process will be described later.
- the main control unit 301 advances the process to step S3, controls the transmission control unit 351 of the transmission unit 263 via the switching control unit 305, and starts signal transmission.
- the transmission control unit 351 controls the transmission signal generation unit 352 based on an instruction from the main control unit 301 to start signal generation.
- the main control unit 301 ends the transmission process.
- the main control unit 301 communicates with the transmission device 260. Regardless of the positional relationship with the medium 280, a signal can be stably transmitted to the receiving device.
- the main control unit 301 controls the transmission unit 263 via the switching control unit 305 in step S21 to disconnect the connection between the electrode and the transmission unit. Based on the control, the transmission control unit 351 of the transmission unit 263 opens each terminal of the connection unit 354 and disconnects the connection between the electrode unit 262 and the transmission unit 263.
- the main control unit 301 controls the connection unit 314 via the connection control unit 304 in step S22 to control the electrode unit 262 and the electrode control.
- the connection of part 261 is set to the initial value. That is, the main control unit 301 controls the connection unit 314 to connect the electrode to be investigated first to the detection unit 313.
- the main control unit 301 controls the signal input control unit 302 to turn on the switch 312 so that the signal generated in the signal source 311 is input to the detection unit 313.
- the signal is supplied to the electrode of the electrode unit 262 via the detection unit 313 and the connection unit 314.
- the detection unit 313 detects the potential difference between both ends of the load resistor 321 as a signal level, and supplies the information to the holding unit 303.
- the holding unit 303 holds the potential difference information as a signal level.
- step S26 the main control unit 301 determines whether or not the signal level has been detected in all patterns. If it is determined that the detection has been completed, the process proceeds to step S27, and the detected signal level is determined. When it is obtained from the holding unit 303, based on this, it is selected whether it is an electrode used as a transmission signal electrode or an electrode used as a transmission reference electrode for all the electrodes of the electrode unit 262. For example, when the signal level is equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold, the main control unit 301 determines that the communication medium 280 is close because the capacitance formed between the main control unit 301 and the periphery of the electrode is large. And selected as a transmission signal electrode. On the other hand, for example, when the signal level is smaller than a predetermined threshold value, the main controller 301 has a small capacitance formed between the electrodes and the electrodes are electrostatically coupled to the space. The electrode is selected as the transmission reference electrode.
- step S28 the main control unit 301 controls the connection unit 314 via the connection control unit 304 to open all terminals, and disconnects the connection between the electrode unit 262 and the electrode control unit 261.
- the main control unit 301 uses which electrode as the transmission signal electrode or the transmission reference electrode. Specific information of the transmission signal electrode and the transmission reference electrode indicating whether to use is supplied to the transmission control unit 351 of the transmission unit 263 via the switching control unit 305.
- step S29 the transmission control unit 351 controls the connection unit 354 to connect the electrode of the electrode unit 262 and the transmission unit 263 based on the supplied specific information. That is, as a result, the electrode 262 is connected to the transmission unit 263 in a method optimized based on the adjustment of the electrode control unit 261.
- the main control unit 301 ends the electrode control process.
- step S26 If it is determined in step S26 that the signal level is not detected in all patterns (ie, the signal level is not detected for all electrodes), the main control unit 301 In S30, the connection unit 314 is controlled via the connection control unit 304, and the connection patterns of the electrode unit 262 and the electrode control unit 261 are reset. That is, the connection unit 314 connects the terminal 322 connected to the detection unit 313 to the terminal of the electrode to be investigated next. When the process of step S30 is completed, the main control unit 301 returns the process to step S23 and executes the process for the new electrode.
- each unit of the electrode control unit 261 repeatedly executes the processes of Step S23 to Step S26 and Step S30, and adjusts the state of electrostatic coupling for all the electrodes one by one.
- the main control unit 301 performs the processing after step S27 to optimize the connection between the electrode unit 262 and the transmission unit 263.
- the main control unit 301 specifies whether to use all the electrodes as transmission reference electrodes and whether to use them as transmission signal electrodes. Therefore, regardless of the positional relationship between the transmission device 260 and the communication medium 280, the signal can be stably transmitted to the reception device.
- the number of electrodes in the electrode portion 262 may be three or more.
- the transmission device 260 can control the selection of the electrode pair by switching the connection unit 354. That is, in this case, the transmission device 260 includes the electrode used as the transmission signal electrode and the transmission standard. It suffices to specify which of the plurality of electrodes to be used as a pair of the transmission signal electrode and the transmission reference electrode in the electrode group of the electrode part 262 that does not need to be distinguished from each other and used as an electrode. . That is, in this case, the output terminal 361 and the output terminal 362 are connected to these terminals.
- the one closer to the communication medium 280 consequently acts as the transmission signal electrode, and the one far from the communication medium 280 results in the transmission reference electrode, so that the output terminal for the transmission reference electrode is used. It is not necessary to distinguish whether it is an output terminal for a transmission signal electrode.
- the transmission device 260 may be specified to use a plurality of electrodes as transmission signal electrodes, or may be specified to use a plurality of electrodes as transmission reference electrodes. In addition, the transmission device 260 may specify the electrodes used as the transmission signal electrodes and the electrodes used as the transmission reference electrodes so that their numbers are different from each other.
- the present invention can be similarly applied to a receiving apparatus corresponding to the transmitting apparatus. That is, in the receiving device, the electrodes and the internal circuit are connected so that the positional relationship between the receiving signal electrode, the receiving reference electrode, and the communication medium is optimized according to the positional relationship between the receiving device and the communication medium. It can be switched (controlled). Therefore, the description related to the electrode connection control in the transmission apparatus described above with reference to FIG. 6 can be applied to the reception apparatus. Moreover, the arrangement relationship of each electrode is arbitrary. Furthermore, the size and shape of the surface area of each electrode are arbitrary and may be different from each other.
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing an example of the internal configuration of an embodiment of such a receiving apparatus.
- a receiving device 370 is a device corresponding to the transmitting device 260, and is a device that receives a signal supplied from the transmitting device 260 via the communication medium 280.
- the receiving device 370 mainly includes an electrode control unit 371, an electrode unit 372, and a receiving unit 373.
- the electrode control unit 371 is a processing unit corresponding to the electrode control unit 261 of the transmission device 260 shown in FIG. 7, and controls the connection between the reception unit 373 and the electrode unit 372. That is, the electrode control unit 371 investigates the electrostatic coupling state of each electrode of the electrode unit 372, specifies the electrode used as the reception signal electrode and the electrode used as the reception reference electrode, and controls the identification information. The information is supplied to the receiver 373 as information.
- the configuration and operation of the electrode control unit 371 are basically the same as those of the electrode control unit 261, and the description given above with reference to FIG. 7 and the block diagram of the electrode control unit 261 shown in FIG. Since it can also be applied to the electrode controller 371, Description of is omitted.
- the electrode unit 372 corresponds to the electrode unit 262 of the transmission device 260 shown in Fig. 7 and, like the electrode unit 262, is an electrode that is electrostatically coupled to the outside and is, for example, a disk-shaped electrode pair 381 and electrode 382.
- the reception unit 373 corresponds to the transmission unit 263 of the transmission device 260 shown in FIG. 7, and performs a process of receiving a signal via the electrode unit 372 instead of the transmission process.
- the communication medium 280 that has a conductivity or dielectric that becomes a communication path approaches 280 electrodes 381.
- the electrode 382 is directed to the free space, and forms a capacitance Crg395 that forms the free space.
- the electrode 381 since the electrode 381 is close to the communication medium 280, the electrostatic bonding with the free space is weakened, and the electrostatic coupling with the communication medium 280 becomes dominant.
- the communication medium 280 is an object having a dielectric constant higher than that of a conductor or air, the capacitance Cre394 seen from the electrode 381 is larger than the capacitance Crg395.
- the magnitude of the load can be determined by applying some signal to the electrode and the magnitude of the signal level of the load attached to the path.
- the capacitance of the load is low, so the signal level of the load is higher in the case of conductors or dielectrics where the load signal level is low.
- the electrode control unit 37 As in the case of the electrode control unit 261, 1 can detect the state of the electrode (whether or not the communication medium 280 is in close proximity) by detecting the signal level.
- the electrode control unit 371 controls the connection between the receiving unit 373 and the electrode unit 372 according to the status of each electrode grasped in this way.
- connection unit 354 shown in FIG. 9 is one of connection examples. Actually, the connection is controlled by the connection control unit 355 as described above, and the connection of each terminal is switched in a plurality of connection patterns including the connection pattern shown in FIG.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram illustrating a detailed configuration example of the reception unit 373.
- the reception unit 373 includes a reception control unit 401, a connection control unit 402, a connection unit 403, an amplification unit 404, and a reception signal acquisition unit 405.
- Reception control unit 401 specifies control information supplied from electrode control unit 371 (for the electrode group of electrode unit 372, an electrode used as a reception signal electrode and an electrode used as a reception reference electrode) Based on the specific information), the connection unit 403 is controlled via the connection control unit 402, the terminal 413 connected to the reception signal electrode terminal of the amplification unit 404 is connected to the reception signal electrode, and the amplification unit 404 The terminal 414 connected to the reception reference electrode terminal is connected to the reception reference electrode.
- the connecting portion 403 connects the terminal 413 to the terminal 412 connected to the electrode 382, and connects the terminal 414 to the terminal 411 connected to the electrode 381. That is, in this case, the electrode 381 functions as a reception signal electrode, and the electrode 382 is connected so as to function as a reception reference electrode.
- the reception control unit 401 also controls the amplification unit 404 as necessary to amplify the received reception signal and supply it to the reception signal acquisition unit 405 or the reception signal acquisition unit 405 as necessary. Control and obtain an amplified received signal.
- the receiving device 370 controls the electrodes in the same manner as the transmitting device 260. That is, the receiving apparatus 370 performs a reception process in the same manner as the transmission process shown in the flowchart of FIG. 10, and performs the electrode control process after stopping the signal reception. When the electrode control process ends, the receiving device 370 resumes signal reception. In addition, the receiving device 370 performs the electrode control process in the same manner as the electrode control process shown in the flowchart of FIG.
- the reception control unit 401 receives the reception device 3
- a signal transmitted from the transmission device can be received stably.
- this electrode control process may be executed while the transmitting device 260 and the receiving device 370 performing communication are synchronized with each other.
- the processing flow in that case will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.
- step S41 transmitting apparatus 260 that has been performing transmission processing transmits a transmission stop notification signal to receiving apparatus 370, notifying that transmission processing is to be stopped. Notification When the transmission is completed, the transmission device 260 proceeds to step S42, stops signal transmission, and executes the electrode control processing described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. 11 in step S43.
- step S61 when receiving the transmission stop notification signal transmitted from transmitting apparatus 260 in step S41 in step S61, receiving apparatus 370 proceeds to step S62, stops receiving the signal, and then proceeds to step S63.
- step S62 the electrode control process described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. 11 is executed.
- the transmission device 260 proceeds to step S44, starts signal transmission, and ends the process. .
- step S64 starts receiving the signal, and ends the process.
- the transmission device 260 and the reception device 370 synchronize the execution timing of the electrode control processing with each other.
- the transmission device 260 and the reception device 370 reduce communication problems such as the transmission device 260 transmitting signals while the reception device 370 is in the electrode control process, and perform communication processing more efficiently and more accurately. be able to.
- the electrode unit 372 has been described as having two electrodes (the electrode 381 and the electrode 382). However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the number of these electrodes may be three or more. Yo! In that case, the receiving device 370 can control the selection of the electrode pair by switching the connection unit 403. That is, in this case, the receiving device 370 does not need to distinguish and specify the electrode used as the reception signal electrode and the electrode used as the reception reference electrode, and any of the plurality of electrode groups in the electrode unit 372 may be specified. What is necessary is just to specify whether an electrode is a pair of a reception signal electrode and a reception reference electrode.
- the input terminal 413 and the input terminal 414 are the electrodes connected to these terminals, the one closer to the communication medium 280 as a result acts as a reception signal electrode, and the one farther from the communication medium 280 As a result, it acts as a reception reference electrode, so there is no need to distinguish between an output terminal for a reception reference electrode and an output terminal for a reception signal electrode.
- the arrangement relationship of each electrode is arbitrary.
- the size and shape of the surface area of each electrode are arbitrary, and may of course be different from each other.
- the receiving apparatus 370 may specify to use a plurality of electrodes as reception signal electrodes, or may specify to use a plurality of electrodes as reception reference electrodes.
- the receiving device 370 may specify the electrode used as the reception signal electrode and the electrode used as the reception reference electrode so that their numbers are different from each other.
- one device may have both the function of the transmitting device 260 and the function of the receiving device 370 described above.
- FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of an embodiment of a communication apparatus to which the present invention is applied, corresponding to the transmission apparatus 260 in FIG. 7 and the reception apparatus 370 in FIG.
- a communication device 450 is a device that performs bidirectional communication similar to the communication performed by the other communication device 450 via the communication medium 280 and the transmission device 260 and the reception device 370.
- a control unit 451, an electrode unit 452, and a communication unit 453 are included.
- the electrode control unit 451 is a processing unit corresponding to the electrode control unit 261 (FIG. 7) and the electrode control unit 371 (FIG. 12), and controls the connection between the electrode 452 and the communication unit 453.
- the electrode control unit 451 investigates the electrostatic coupling state of each electrode of the electrode unit 452, and the electrode serving as the transmission signal electrode, the electrode serving as the reception signal electrode, the electrode serving as the transmission reference electrode, and the reception reference electrode
- the specified electrode is specified, and the specified information is supplied to the communication unit 453 as control information.
- the configuration and operation of the electrode control unit 451 are basically the same as those of the electrode control unit 261 and the electrode control unit 371, and the block diagram of the electrode control unit 261 shown in FIG. 8 and its description can be applied.
- the connecting portion 314 selects the connection by the force 322 described so that one of the terminals 322 is selectively connected to the terminal 32 3 or the terminal 324 is a two-pole switch. Since the number of terminals corresponds to the number of electrodes in the electrode part, in the case of the communication device 450, one of the connection parts is constituted by a switch having four poles.
- the electrode unit 452 corresponds to the electrode unit 262 of the transmission device 260 shown in FIG. 7, and has, for example, a disk-shaped electrode pair that is electrostatically coupled to the outside as in the case of the electrode unit 262. ing. However, The electrode portion 452 includes four electrodes 461 to 464.
- the communication unit 453 corresponds to the transmission unit 263 of the transmission device 260 shown in FIG. 7, and also performs a process of receiving a signal via the electrode unit 452 that is only transmitted. That is, the communication unit 453 performs communication processing that realizes bidirectional communication with the other communication device 450.
- the communication medium 280 having the conductivity or the dielectric serving as a communication path approaches the electrode 461 and the electrode 462.
- the electrode 463 is moving toward the free space, and the capacitance formed by the free space (the electrostatic capacitance between the electrode 463 and the reference point 496-1 representing the virtual infinity point from the electrode 463).
- Capacitance) Ccg473 is formed.
- the electrode 464 is also moving toward the free space, and the electrostatic capacity formed by the free space (the electrode 464 and the static point between the reference point 496-2 representing the virtual infinity point from the electrode 464).
- Capacitance) C cg474 is formed.
- the electrostatic bonding with the free space is weakened, and the electrostatic coupling with the communication medium 280 becomes dominant.
- the communication medium 280 is an object having a dielectric constant higher than that of a conductor or air
- the electrostatic capacity Cce471 in which the electrode 461 force can be seen and the electrostatic capacity Cce472 in view from the electrode 462 are larger than the electrostatic capacity Ccg473 or Ccg474. Therefore, the magnitude of the load can be determined by applying some signal to the electrode and the magnitude of the signal level of the load attached to the path. In free space, the capacitance of the load is low, so the signal level of the load is low. In the case of a conductor or dielectric, the capacitance of the load is high, so the signal level of the load is higher.
- the electrode control unit 45 1 can detect the state of the electrode (whether or not the communication medium 280 is in close proximity) by detecting the signal level.
- the electrode control unit 451 controls the connection between the communication unit 453 and the electrode unit 452 according to the status of each electrode grasped in this way.
- the communication unit 453 controls the electrodes 461 to 464 of the electrode unit 452 based on the control of the electrode control unit 451, respectively, as a transmission signal electrode, a transmission reference electrode, a reception signal electrode, or a reception reference electrode. ⁇ Connect force or not connect.
- terminal connection pattern of the connection unit 403 shown in FIG. 13 is one of connection examples.
- connection control unit 402 controls the connection path shown in FIG.
- the connection of each terminal is switched by a plurality of connection patterns including turns.
- FIG. 16 is a block diagram showing a detailed configuration example of the communication unit 453 in FIG.
- the communication unit 453 includes a communication control unit 501, a transmission signal generation unit 502, an amplifier 503, a connection control unit 504, a connection unit 505, an amplification unit 506, and a reception signal acquisition unit 507. ing
- communication unit 453 has both a configuration corresponding to transmission unit 263 shown in FIG. 9 and a configuration corresponding to reception unit 373 shown in FIG. 13 so that bidirectional communication can be performed.
- the communication control unit 501 corresponds to the transmission control unit 351 in FIG. 9 and the reception control unit 401 in FIG. 13, and controls transmission processing and reception processing based on control information supplied from the electrode control unit 451.
- the transmission signal generation unit 502 corresponds to the transmission signal generation unit 352 in FIG. 9, is controlled by the communication control unit 501 to generate a transmission signal corresponding to transmission information, and supplies the transmission signal to the amplification unit 503.
- the amplifying unit 503 corresponds to the amplifying unit 353 in FIG. 9, is controlled by the communication control unit 501, amplifies the transmission signal supplied from the transmission signal generating unit 502, and supplies the amplified signal to the connecting unit 505.
- Connection control unit 504 corresponds to connection control unit 355 in FIG. 9 and connection control unit 402 in FIG. 13, and is controlled by communication control unit 501 to control connection of connection unit 505.
- the connection unit 505 corresponds to the connection unit 354 in FIG. 9 and the connection control unit 402 in FIG. 13, and controls the connection between the amplification unit 503 and the amplification unit 506 and the electrodes 461 to 464.
- the connection unit 505 is connected to the terminal 511 connected to the transmission signal electrode terminal of the amplification unit 503, the terminal 512 connected to the transmission reference electrode terminal of the amplification unit 503, and the reception signal electrode terminal of the amplification unit 506. 531 and 532 connected to the receiving reference electrode terminal of the amplifying unit 506.
- connection unit 505 performs processing for assigning the electrodes 461 to 464 to any one of the transmission signal electrode, the transmission reference electrode, the reception signal electrode, and the reception reference electrode.
- Amplifying section 506 corresponds to amplifying section 404 in FIG. 13, is controlled by communication control section 501, amplifies the received signal supplied via connecting section 505, and supplies it to received signal acquiring section 507 Do .
- the reception signal acquisition unit 507 corresponds to the reception signal acquisition unit 405 in FIG. 13, is controlled by the communication control unit 501, and acquires the reception signal supplied from the amplification unit 506.
- the communication device 450 uses all of the electrodes as transmission reference electrodes, whether to use as transmission signal electrodes, and whether to use them as reception reference electrodes. Whether or not to use it as a reception signal electrode, or whether or not to be disconnected, can be specified, and the signal can be stably output regardless of the positional relationship between the communication device 450 and the communication medium 280. Can be sent and received.
- the number of electrodes of the electrode portion 452 may be five or more. In that case, the communication device 45
- the communication device 450 includes an electrode used as a transmission signal electrode and an electrode used as a transmission reference electrode.
- the electrodes used as reception signal electrodes and the electrodes used as reception reference electrodes need not be distinguished from each other.
- the communication device 450 determines which plural or one electrode of the electrode group of the electrode unit 452 is an electrode pair for signal transmission and which plural or one electrode is an electrode pair for signal reception. You just have to specify.
- the communication device 450 may be configured such that the electrode pair for signal transmission and the electrode pair for signal reception share the electrode. Further, the communication device 450 may specify to use a plurality of electrodes as a transmission signal electrode, may specify to use a plurality of electrodes as a transmission reference electrode, or receive a plurality of electrodes. It may be specified to be used as a signal electrode, or a plurality of electrodes may be specified to be used as a reception reference electrode.
- the communication device 450 is used as an electrode used as a transmission signal electrode, an electrode used as a transmission reference electrode, an electrode used as a reception signal electrode, and a reception reference electrode.
- the electrodes may be specified so that their numbers are different from each other.
- the arrangement relationship of each electrode is arbitrary.
- the size and shape of the surface area of each electrode are arbitrary, and of course, they may be different from each other.
- terminal connection pattern of the connection unit 505 shown in FIG. 16 is one of connection examples.
- connection control unit 504 controls the connection path shown in FIG.
- the connection of each terminal is switched by a plurality of connection patterns including turns.
- Such a communication device 450 performs transmission processing and reception processing in the same manner as the above-described transmission device 260 and reception device 370. Therefore, the communication device 450 investigates the electrostatic coupling state of each electrode, and assigns each electrode to one of the transmission signal electrode, the transmission reference electrode, the reception signal electrode, or the reception reference electrode according to the state. The process is executed in the same manner as described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. Therefore, the description thereof is omitted.
- a plurality of communication devices 450 that perform communication may synchronize the execution timing of the electrode control processing as in the transmission device 260 and the reception device 370 described above. The processing flow in that case will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.
- One of the two communication devices 450 communicating with each other force Triggered by a predetermined timing or event, in step S81, notifies the communication partner that transmission / reception processing has stopped.
- a transmission / reception stop notification signal is transmitted.
- the other communication device 450-2 which is the communication partner of the communication device 450-1, receives the transmission / reception stop notification signal.
- the communication device 450-2 transmits a response signal to the received transmission / reception stop notification signal.
- step S82 communication device 450-1 receives the response signal.
- the communication device 450-1 which has received the response signal, stops signal transmission / reception in step S83, and executes electrode control processing in step S84.
- the details of this electrode control process are the same as those described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.
- the communication device 450-1 starts signal transmission / reception in step S85 and ends the process.
- communication device 450-2 that has transmitted the response signal stops signal transmission / reception in step S103, and executes electrode control processing in step S104.
- the details of this electrode control processing are the same as those described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.
- the communication device 450_2 starts signal transmission / reception in step S105 and ends the process.
- the communication device 450-1 and the communication device 450-2 performing communication synchronize the execution timing of the electrode control processing with each other.
- the communication device 450 is However, it is possible to reduce communication problems such that the other transmits signals during the electrode control process, and to perform the communication process more efficiently and more accurately.
- the electrodes close to the comparison signal level may have a delicate positional relationship with the communication medium 30 (for example, the hand 220 in FIG. 6), so the transmission unit, the reception unit, and the connection unit of the communication unit Therefore, it is possible to avoid adverse effects on other electrodes by preventing connection to any electrode.
- the above-described electrode control processing execution timing may be any timing.
- the communication device 450 may be a mopile device or the like.
- the user may change the way the communication device 450 is held, for example, so that the positional relationship between the user (communication medium) and the communication device 450 (electrode) May change during communication. Therefore, it is desirable to repeatedly execute the electrode control process at a predetermined frequency even during communication that is not only in the initial state, such as when the communication device 450 is activated.
- the communication device 450 uses a free time during which no transmission processing (transmission 552) or reception processing (reception 553 or reception 555) is performed (for example, Execute the electrode control process (Control 551 or Control 554) and transmit signal electrode, transmit reference electrode, receive signal electrode, or receive reference electrode).
- the assignment of electrodes may be updated. In this way, the communication device 450 can effectively communicate using time, and communication efficiency can be improved.
- the communication device 450 has an electrode control process and a transmission process such as control 561, transmission 562, reception 563, control 564, transmission 565, and reception 566. , And receive processing may be executed continuously and repeated as one cycle.
- the communication device 450 continuously executes the electrode control process, the transmission process, and the reception process for each TZ 3 hours as a repetition period of the period T time, and further performs the series. The above process is repeated as one cycle. To do this As a result, the execution timing of each process is fixed, so the communication device 450 can easily synchronize the execution timing with the other communication devices 450.
- the communication device 450 may perform an electrode control process using a transmission signal as shown in C of FIG.
- the transmission process transmission 571 or transmission 574
- the electrode control process control 572 or control 575
- Reception processing is executed at other times.
- the communication device 450 measures the signal level when supplying the transmission signal to the electrode (that is, when transmitting the signal), and determines the electrostatic coupling state of each electrode based on the signal level. To grasp. By doing so, the communication device 450 can simplify the processing steps, reduce the load, and shorten the processing execution time to shorten the repetition cycle.
- the electrode control unit 261, the electrode control unit 371, and the electrode control unit 451 are all described so as to investigate the state of electrostatic coupling of each electrode one by one.
- the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, you may make it investigate simultaneously the state of the electrostatic coupling of all the electrodes.
- FIG. 19 is a block diagram showing an internal configuration example of the electrode control unit 451 of the communication device 450 in that case.
- the electrode control unit 451 shown in FIG. 19 is different from the electrode control unit 261 shown in FIG. 8 in the detection unit 613 and the connection unit 614.
- the detection unit 613 has a plurality of load resistors 621 to 624 connected in series between the switch 312 and the reference point 626, and the connection unit 614 is connected between each resistor (four locations). Terminals 6 31 A to 634 A are connected to each other, and potentials at these connection points are supplied to the holding unit 303.
- the resistance values of the load resistors 621 to 625 are known. Further, the terminals 631A to 634A of the connection portion 614 are one terminals of the switches 631 to 634, respectively. When the switches 631 to 634 are turned on, the terminals 631A to 634A are connected to the other terminals 631B to 634B, respectively. These terminals 631B to 634B are connected to the electrodes 461 to 464 of the electrode portion 452, respectively.
- each of the electrodes 461 to 464 is electrostatically coupled to the space around the force communication device 450 (when the communication medium is close to the electrode).
- the capacitance is already Therefore, the potential between each of the load resistance 621 to the load resistance 624 when each switch of the connection unit 614 is turned on is also known.
- the main control unit 301 performs a function (transmission signal electrode, transmission reference electrode, reception signal electrode, or reception) to each electrode. Control assignment of reference electrode).
- the state of electrostatic coupling of a plurality of electrodes can be investigated by a single process, so that the communication device 450 can more easily and quickly function the electrodes. Allocation can be controlled.
- the number of electrodes to be investigated at one time may be any number, and may be all the electrodes included in the communication device 450 or a part thereof.
- each detection unit may be connected to different electrodes. In this case, each detection unit detects a signal input to a different electrode (a signal input to a corresponding electrode).
- the communication device 450 to which the present invention is applied eliminates the need for a physical reference point path, and realizes communication using only the communication signal transmission path, thereby avoiding restrictions on the use environment.
- stable communication is performed regardless of the positional relationship between the communication device 450 and the communication medium close to the communication device 450. be able to.
- each device a transmission device, a reception device, and a communication device of a communication system to which the present invention is applied has been described to transmit and receive a signal based on a predetermined potential.
- a differential signal that transmits information represented by a difference between each signal may be transmitted and received by transmitting two signals whose phases are inverted with each other via two transmission paths. Good.
- two transmission paths are provided as communication media between devices that communicate with each other.
- the transmission unit of the transmission device and the reception of the reception device The communication unit of the communication device and the communication device are each configured by a differential circuit.
- the above-described series of processing can be executed by hardware or can be executed by software.
- the main control unit 301 described above may be configured as a personal computer as shown in FIG.
- the CPU 701 of the personal computer 700 executes various processes according to a program stored in the ROM 702 or a program loaded from the storage unit 713 to the RAM 703.
- the RAM 703 also appropriately stores data necessary for the CPU 701 to execute various processes.
- the CPU 701, ROM 702, and RAM 703 are connected to each other via a bus 704.
- An input / output interface 710 is also connected to the bus 704.
- the input / output interface 710 includes an input unit 711 including a keyboard and a mouse, an output unit 712 including a speaker, a storage unit 713 including a hard disk, and a communication unit 714 including a modem.
- the communication unit 714 performs communication processing via a network including the Internet
- the output unit 712 includes a signal input control unit 302, a holding unit 303, a connection control unit 304, and a switching unit.
- a control unit 305 and the like are also connected, and control information is output to each unit.
- a holding unit 303 is connected to the input unit 711, and information held in the holding unit 303 is input from the holding unit 303. This information is supplied to the CPU 701.
- a drive 715 is also connected to the input / output interface 710 as necessary, and a removable medium 721, such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, or a semiconductor memory, is appropriately mounted and read from them. Installed in the storage unit 713 as necessary.
- this recording medium is distributed to distribute a program to a user separately from the main body of the apparatus, and is a magnetic disk (frame) on which a program is recorded.
- Optical discs including compact disk-read only memory (CD-ROM), DVD (digital versatile disk)), magneto-optical discs (including MD (mini-disk) (registered trademark)), or semiconductors Consisting of removable media 721 consisting of memory, etc.
- Consisting of ROM 702 that stores programs and hard disks included in the storage unit 713 that are delivered to the user in a pre-installed state in the main unit
- the step of describing the program recorded on the recording medium is not necessarily performed in chronological order according to the described order, but is necessarily processed in chronological order. Even if it is not, it includes processing executed in parallel or individually.
- the system represents the entire apparatus including a plurality of devices (apparatuses).
- the configuration described as one device may be divided and configured as a plurality of devices.
- the configurations described above as a plurality of devices may be combined into a single device.
- a configuration other than those described above may be added to the configuration of each device.
- a part of the configuration of a certain device may be included in the configuration of another device.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US11/660,601 US8280302B2 (en) | 2005-05-17 | 2006-05-16 | Communication device and method, and program |
KR1020077001190A KR101241706B1 (ko) | 2005-05-17 | 2006-05-16 | 통신 장치 및 방법, 및 기록 매체 |
CN2006800006800A CN101006667B (zh) | 2005-05-17 | 2006-05-16 | 通信装置和方法 |
HK07109702.3A HK1101735A1 (en) | 2005-05-17 | 2007-09-06 | Communication device and method |
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JP2005-144202 | 2005-05-17 | ||
JP2005144202A JP4257611B2 (ja) | 2005-05-17 | 2005-05-17 | 通信装置および方法、並びにプログラム |
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PCT/JP2006/309711 WO2006132058A1 (ja) | 2005-05-17 | 2006-05-16 | 通信装置および方法、並びにプログラム |
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US (2) | US8280302B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4257611B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101241706B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101006667B (ja) |
HK (1) | HK1101735A1 (ja) |
MY (1) | MY142883A (ja) |
TW (1) | TW200703938A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006132058A1 (ja) |
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2005
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2006
- 2006-05-16 MY MYPI20062249A patent/MY142883A/en unknown
- 2006-05-16 WO PCT/JP2006/309711 patent/WO2006132058A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2006-05-16 TW TW095117326A patent/TW200703938A/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-05-16 KR KR1020077001190A patent/KR101241706B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-05-16 CN CN2006800006800A patent/CN101006667B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-05-16 US US11/660,601 patent/US8280302B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2007
- 2007-09-06 HK HK07109702.3A patent/HK1101735A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2012
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JP2001298425A (ja) * | 2000-04-13 | 2001-10-26 | Ntt Docomo Inc | 通信システム |
JP2003188833A (ja) * | 2001-12-21 | 2003-07-04 | Tokai Rika Co Ltd | 携帯用データ通信装置及び双方向通信システム |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2008211765A (ja) * | 2007-02-27 | 2008-09-11 | Tanita Corp | 活動情報計 |
WO2009081343A1 (en) * | 2007-12-20 | 2009-07-02 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Electrode diversity for body-coupled communication systems |
CN101904118A (zh) * | 2007-12-20 | 2010-12-01 | 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 | 身体耦合的通信系统的电极多样性 |
US8633809B2 (en) | 2007-12-20 | 2014-01-21 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Electrode diversity for body-coupled communication systems |
WO2009104467A1 (ja) * | 2008-02-22 | 2009-08-27 | アルプス電気株式会社 | 電界通信用電子機器 |
CN101946431A (zh) * | 2008-02-22 | 2011-01-12 | 阿尔卑斯电气株式会社 | 电场通信用电子设备 |
US8208852B2 (en) | 2008-02-22 | 2012-06-26 | Alps Electric Co., Ltd. | Electronic apparatus for electric field communication |
US20110040492A1 (en) * | 2008-04-28 | 2011-02-17 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | System and method for measuring phase response characteristic of human-body in human-body communication |
JP2010062820A (ja) * | 2008-09-03 | 2010-03-18 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | 電極設定システム及び電極設定方法 |
US10601524B2 (en) | 2016-08-03 | 2020-03-24 | Sony Semiconductor Solutions Corporation | Transmission/reception device and transmission/reception method |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN101006667B (zh) | 2010-12-01 |
KR20080011154A (ko) | 2008-01-31 |
US20130078919A1 (en) | 2013-03-28 |
CN101006667A (zh) | 2007-07-25 |
HK1101735A1 (en) | 2007-10-26 |
US20080261523A1 (en) | 2008-10-23 |
US8280302B2 (en) | 2012-10-02 |
JP2006324774A (ja) | 2006-11-30 |
TW200703938A (en) | 2007-01-16 |
KR101241706B1 (ko) | 2013-03-08 |
US8699950B2 (en) | 2014-04-15 |
JP4257611B2 (ja) | 2009-04-22 |
TWI323985B (ja) | 2010-04-21 |
MY142883A (en) | 2011-01-31 |
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