WO2006123447A1 - 電子ビーム露光装置 - Google Patents
電子ビーム露光装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006123447A1 WO2006123447A1 PCT/JP2005/021299 JP2005021299W WO2006123447A1 WO 2006123447 A1 WO2006123447 A1 WO 2006123447A1 JP 2005021299 W JP2005021299 W JP 2005021299W WO 2006123447 A1 WO2006123447 A1 WO 2006123447A1
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- Prior art keywords
- electron beam
- light pattern
- array
- amplified
- exposure apparatus
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/30—Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects
- H01J37/317—Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects for changing properties of the objects or for applying thin layers thereon, e.g. for ion implantation
- H01J37/3174—Particle-beam lithography, e.g. electron beam lithography
- H01J37/3175—Projection methods, i.e. transfer substantially complete pattern to substrate
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y10/00—Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/02—Details
- H01J37/04—Arrangements of electrodes and associated parts for generating or controlling the discharge, e.g. electron-optical arrangement, ion-optical arrangement
- H01J37/06—Electron sources; Electron guns
- H01J37/073—Electron guns using field emission, photo emission, or secondary emission electron sources
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/30—Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects
- H01J37/317—Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects for changing properties of the objects or for applying thin layers thereon, e.g. for ion implantation
- H01J37/3174—Particle-beam lithography, e.g. electron beam lithography
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/06—Sources
- H01J2237/063—Electron sources
- H01J2237/06325—Cold-cathode sources
- H01J2237/06333—Photo emission
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/06—Sources
- H01J2237/063—Electron sources
- H01J2237/06325—Cold-cathode sources
- H01J2237/06358—Secondary emission
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/30—Electron or ion beam tubes for processing objects
- H01J2237/317—Processing objects on a microscale
- H01J2237/3175—Lithography
- H01J2237/31777—Lithography by projection
- H01J2237/31779—Lithography by projection from patterned photocathode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/30—Electron or ion beam tubes for processing objects
- H01J2237/317—Processing objects on a microscale
- H01J2237/3175—Lithography
- H01J2237/31793—Problems associated with lithography
- H01J2237/31794—Problems associated with lithography affecting masks
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electron beam exposure apparatus capable of finely processing semiconductor elements in the semiconductor device in the manufacture of a semiconductor device such as an LSI.
- the existing semiconductor manufacturing (lithography) apparatus using an electron beam directly draws the circuit pattern of the semiconductor element with a single electron beam
- the circuit in the highly integrated semiconductor element is The problem was that it took a lot of exposure time (several hours, tens of hours) to draw all of the patterns.
- the electron beam exposure method that breaks down the microfabrication limit depending on the wavelength of light is a one-dimensional exposure method of "one-stroke writing" and therefore requires a large exposure time to directly expose the entire wafer, The problem is that it is not practical.
- the SCALPEL method is also described in Patent Document 1.
- the Si substrate 44 in which the holes 44a corresponding to the pattern are formed is used as a reticle, and the Si substrate 44 is The beam 41 is irradiated.
- the electron beam 41 which has passed through the holes 44a is exposed and exposed on the wafer 47 provided with the metal thin film coated with the electron beam resist using an optical system.
- the optical system include an electron lens 42, an illumination lens 43 having an electron beam axis deflection yoke 43a, a collimation lens 45, and a projection lens 46 having a contrast aperture 46.
- the PRIVAIL method has the disadvantage that the Si substrate 44 having a hollow portion can not be produced as shown in FIG. 15 (c).
- the PRIVAIL method is also described in Patent Document 2.
- Patent Document 1 US Patent No. 5, 260, 151 (Date of Patent: November 09, 1993)
- Patent Document 2 US Patent No. 5,466,904 (Date of Patent: November 14, 1995) Disclosure of the Invention
- the electron beam 31 needs to pass through the membrane 32a, so that there is a problem that the resolution is significantly reduced in that portion.
- each small pattern obtained by dividing the pattern is placed on the wafer 47. Irradiate. For this reason, in the above-mentioned method, alignment between the above-mentioned small patterns is required, and due to the accuracy of the alignment, the resolution is remarkably reduced as in the SCALPEL method (the resolution is limited to lOOnm). There is an issue.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an electron beam exposure apparatus capable of forming a high definition drawing pattern by electron beam, and rapidly realize formation of a desired two-dimensional drawing pattern by two-dimensional collective exposure. It is an object of the present invention to provide an electron beam exposure apparatus which can be formed at low cost.
- an electron beam exposure apparatus generates a light pattern generation unit for generating a two-dimensional light pattern, and an electron beam array based on the incident light pattern.
- An electron amplification unit for amplifying the electron beam array and emitting the amplified electron beam array; and an electron beam lens unit for focusing the amplified electron beam array on an electron beam resist. It is characterized by
- the electron beam lens unit may further perform at least one of accelerating, alignment, and projecting the amplified electron beam array. Better ,.
- the amplified electron beam array based on the two-dimensional light pattern is exposed and exposed onto the electron beam resist on the substrate provided with the metal thin film coated with the electron beam resist.
- two-dimensional exposure patterns can be drawn at once and the exposure time can be shortened.
- the above configuration uses an amplified electron beam array obtained by amplifying an electron beam array based on a light pattern, the electron beam intensity irradiated to the electron beam resist can be increased. As a result, the exposure time can be further shortened, and the drawing speed can be improved.
- the minimum processing dimension of the semiconductor element is 5 nm or less.
- Ultra-high density LSIs with highly integrated semiconductor devices of 5 nm scale or less can be manufactured at lower cost.
- the electron beam lens unit can be further accelerated to accelerate the amplified electron beam array, the electron beam can be shortened in wavelength, so that the drawing pattern can be further miniaturized.
- the accuracy and drawing speed of the drawing pattern can be improved.
- the electron beam lens unit is further capable of aligning the amplified electron beam array, the accuracy of the drawing pattern can be further improved.
- the electron amplification unit amplifies a plurality of electron, and a plurality of tubular micro channel forces so that the axial direction of the microchannel is along the optical axis direction of the light pattern, Preferably, they are formed adjacent to each other in a direction orthogonal to the optical axis direction.
- the drawing speed of the drawing pattern can be further improved. From this, it is possible to more rapidly realize finer processing accuracy, for example, the minimum processing dimension of the semiconductor element is 5 nm or less, and to realize ultra-high density LSI having semiconductor elements with high integration of 5 nm scale or less. It can be manufactured at low cost.
- the electron amplification unit may include a photoelectric film which converts incident photons into electrons and emits the electrons on the incident side of the light pattern.
- the photoelectric unit is provided on the incident side of the light pattern in the electron amplification unit even if the light intensity of the light pattern of the light pattern generation unit is small, so that the light pattern is generated according to the light pattern.
- the electron pattern is incident on the electron amplification unit and amplified to obtain an amplified electron beam array more reliably.
- the light pattern generation unit includes a femtosecond laser, and a micro mirror array unit for reflecting laser light from the femtosecond laser with the two-dimensional light pattern. Have it ,.
- the above configuration can be made as high definition and speed as in the case of using the photoelectric film.
- a semiconductor element can be formed according to the drawing pattern.
- the above configuration can omit the photoelectric film, it is possible to suppress an increase in size and cost of the apparatus, such as maintaining a vacuum state required for the photoelectric film.
- the electron beam exposure apparatus further comprises a correction unit for correcting the light pattern so as to reduce distortion generated in the pattern drawn by the amplified electron beam array. ,.
- the correction unit for correcting the light pattern is provided to reduce the distortion generated in the pattern drawn by the amplified electron beam array, the pattern drawn by the amplified electron beam array is By making corrections from the light pattern side, it is possible to make sure that the desired drawing pattern is brought close to the image pattern and quickly.
- the correction unit controls the light pattern generation unit to generate a reversely distorted light pattern so as to cancel a distortion generated in the amplified electron beam array.
- the reverse distortion light pattern generation unit for generating the reverse distortion light pattern so as to offset the distortion generated in the amplified electron beam array is provided. Can improve the accuracy of
- the correction unit controls the light pattern generation unit to generate a plurality of divided light patterns in which the light patterns are interpolated with each other. Even with a split light pattern generator for.
- the split light pattern generation unit for generating the plurality of split light patterns that interpolate each other, the plurality of split light patterns interpolate each other, A plurality of divided pattern electron beam arrays can be obtained.
- a drawing pattern corresponding to the light pattern can be formed on the electron beam resist.
- the micro electron beams and electron beam resists in close proximity to each other in each divided pattern electron beam array are It is possible to reduce the electrostatic interaction force between the scattered electrons inside the gate.
- the electron beam exposure apparatus further has a grid-like electrostatic lens portion on the emission side of the electron amplification portion in order to suppress the variation in the emission angle of the amplified electron beam array from the electron amplification portion.
- the amplified electron beam array can be parallel to each other by passing the grid-like parts in the grid-like electrostatic lens part, and the variation of the emission angle can be suppressed. It is possible to reduce the reduction in resolution caused by it. In addition, since the variation of the emission angle can be suppressed, the similarity with the light pattern can be improved, and the drawing pattern can be made more accurate.
- the micro-channel is located at the exit side of the exit side of the amplification electron beam array so as to suppress the variation of the emission angle of the amplification electron beam array of the electron amplification unit. Circumferential force It may be formed to be divergent toward the exit end of the microchannel.
- the emission directions of the respective micro electron beams of the emitted amplified electron beam array are the same as in the case where the grid-like electrostatic lens portion is provided due to the diverging shape. It can be close to be parallel to the central axis of the channel.
- the electron beam exposure apparatus of the present invention generates an electron beam array based on a two-dimensional light pattern, amplifies the electron beam array, and emits the electron beam array as an amplified electron beam array.
- the above-described configuration allows writing patterns to be generated by the patterned amplified electron beam array.
- One can be drawn and formed with high resolution, high accuracy, and programmable.
- a finer force for example, a minimum dimension of 5 nm or less, and to produce an ultra-high density LSI having a semiconductor element of 5 nm scale or less. Play.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an electron beam exposure apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 It is a perspective view of the principal part fracture in the microchannel of MCP used for the said electron beam exposure apparatus.
- FIG. 3 It is a perspective view of the principal part fracture of the above-mentioned MCP.
- FIG. 4 It is a principal part top view of said MCP.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the voltage applied to the MCP and the gain.
- FIG. 6 (a) is a perspective view showing an electron beam lens portion of the electron beam exposure apparatus.
- FIG. 6 (b) is a front view showing an electron beam lens portion of the electron beam exposure apparatus.
- FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a state in which an amplified electron beam array is generated from a light pattern, focused, and projected in the MCP and the electron lens beam portion.
- FIG. 8 (a) is a perspective view showing a state in which the amplified electron beam array is focused.
- FIG. 8 (b) is a perspective view showing the state of the amplified electron beam array focused on the electron beam resist.
- FIG. 8 (c) is a schematic front view showing the interaction between each electron beam in the focused amplified electron beam array.
- FIG. 9 (a) shows an example for reducing the interaction between each micro electron beam of the above-mentioned amplified electron beam array, and the light patterns for forming the above-mentioned amplified electron beam array are divided and formed, It is a top view which shows the example of each division
- FIG. 9 (b) is a plan view showing an amplified electron beam array when the divided light patterns are combined.
- FIG. 10 (a) It is a principal part fracture perspective view which shows the grid-like electrostatic lens part for shaping the amplification electron beam array of said MCP force.
- FIG. 10 (b) is a cross-sectional view of the grid-like electrostatic lens portion.
- FIG. 11 (a) is a schematic front view showing an amplified electron beam of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 (b) is a schematic front view showing a conventional electron beam.
- FIG. 12 A graph showing the change over time in a general decrease in the minimum dimension of a microprocessor or a DRAM as a semiconductor element.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing the relationship between exposure wavelength and resolution in X-ray exposure, EUV exposure, and electron beam exposure.
- FIG. 14 (a) is a cross-sectional view showing an example of conventional electron beam exposure.
- FIG. 14 (b) It is a principal part expanded sectional view of the example of exposure by the conventional electron beam shown in FIG. 14 (a).
- FIG. 15 (a) is a cross-sectional view showing another example of conventional electron beam exposure.
- FIG. 15 (b) is an enlarged sectional view of an essential part of another example of exposure by the conventional electron beam shown in FIG. 15 (a).
- FIG. 15 (c) is a front view showing an example of vacancies in a Si substrate as a reticle, which is impossible in the above other example.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an electron beam exposure apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is a perspective view of an essential part of a DMD (digital mirror device, registered trademark, micro mirror array unit) in the electron beam exposure apparatus of the second embodiment.
- DMD digital mirror device, registered trademark, micro mirror array unit
- FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view showing a modification of a microchannel of an MCP in the electron beam exposure apparatus of the first and second embodiments of the present invention.
- the semiconductor manufacturing device having the above-described electron beam exposure light device as shown in FIG. 1, a vacuum switch members 1 a box-like capable of maintaining a vacuum state in the interior, the vacuum 10- 6 ⁇ : less It is provided to be In this embodiment, it sets the degree of vacuum in the 10- 8 Torr.
- a stage (mounting table) 2 for mounting a substrate 5 to be exposed is mounted movably in a two-dimensional horizontal direction.
- a mechanical drive 3 for moving and driving the stage 2 is provided controllably by a controller 17 described later, inside or outside the vacuum chamber 1.
- a stage position monitor 4 for monitoring the position of the stage 2 (that is, the movement position) is attached so as to notify a controller 17 described later of the monitor position.
- a thin film 6 such as a metal thin film, a semiconductor film, or an insulating film for forming a circuit of a semiconductor element is formed on the surface of the substrate 5 mounted on the stage 2.
- An electron beam resist 7 is applied on the surface of the substrate.
- Examples of the electron beam resist 7 include positive resists and negative resists.
- As the positive resist a polymer having quaternary carbon in the main chain has a large ratio of cleavage of the main chain by electron beam (in radiation chemistry, the G value representing the number of reactions per lOOeV) is large. I like it.
- Examples of positive resist polymers include polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyhexafluorobutyl methacrylate (FBM), and poly (trifluorinated ⁇ chloroatarilate) ( ⁇ R-9). There may be mentioned halogenated polyatarylates and copolymers of each with methyl atalylate.
- positive resist polymers include poly (butene 1-sulfone, 1 C Zcm 2 sensitive), DNQ novolac resin.
- examples of DNQ novolac resin are polymethylpentene sulfone (PMPS) and those made of novolac resin.
- a positive resist is one that uses an acid catalyzed deprotection reaction, which is a chemically amplified resist.
- poly (glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA), glycidyl methacrylate and ethyl acetate utilizing the fact that a polymer containing an epoxy group has a high crosslinking reaction sensitivity to an electron beam is used.
- Copolymers with atarilate (COP) and polystyrene based resists may be mentioned.
- the polystyrene based resist is a copolymer of a monomer containing an epoxy group and a monomer containing an aromatic ring.
- at least one of halogen, chloromethyl group and aryl group is introduced as a chemical structure to improve sensitivity.
- a projector (light pattern generation unit) 8 for generating the light pattern 13 is provided so as to emit the light pattern 13 of the projector 18 to the outside.
- Examples of the projector 8 include a transmissive liquid crystal method and a single-plate DLP (Digital Light Processing) method. A small amount of photons present in the dark part of the light pattern 13 is multiplied by a factor of 1000 or more by MCPl 1 described later, and finally the photosensitive part of the electron beam resist 7 is exposed. Single-plate DLP method is more desirable.
- a mask for blocking light is disposed on the upper surface (light incident side surface) of the MCP 1
- the projector 8 By installing a photo mask (including a liquid crystal shutter etc.) on the back surface of the MCP 11 (the incident side of the light pattern 13) and irradiating the entire surface of the MCP 11 with light, the projector 8 becomes unnecessary. In this case, it is necessary to set a photomask for each light pattern 13. Finally, in order to focus the patterned amplified electron beam array 14 by the electron beam lens unit 12 described later, no high resolution is required for the photomask.
- EL organic light emitting element luminescence
- the EL light emitting portion is integrated with the photoelectric film 10 described later, and the EL light emitting portion light beam pattern 13 is directly projected onto the photoelectric film 10 at the same magnification. It is also conceivable to inject a corresponding patterned electron beam array into MCPl 1 described later. Even if the light pattern 13 is irradiated to the photoelectric film 10 described later (in other words, the incident position to the MCP 11 described later), it is sufficient that the light pattern 13 has m level accuracy.
- an electron beam array patterned based on the incident light pattern 13 is generated, and the electron beam array is up to several thousand times or several tens of millions of times.
- a convex or concave lens 9 for efficiently entering the light pattern 13 on the incident side of the MCP 11 may be provided as necessary. Good.
- a photoelectric film 10 is provided on the incident side of the MCP 11 to convert incident light into electrons and emit the electrons.
- multi-alkali Na—K—Sb—Cs
- no alkali etc.
- Typical examples thereof include (Sb-Rb-Ce, Sb-K-Cs), Ce-Te ⁇ Ag-O-Cs ⁇ GaAs ⁇ GaAsP, and the like.
- CdS In the visible region, CdS is widely used, and (Cu, Ag, Sb, etc.) is generally added to increase sensitivity. In the present embodiment, CdS is used.
- the photoelectric film 10 can be omitted. Also, when the light pattern 13 of UV having a short wavelength of 200 nm or less is irradiated to the inside of the MCP 11, secondary electrons are generated from the semiconductor portion of the inner surface, and an amplified electron beam according to the light pattern 13 is generated. Photoelectric film 10 is unnecessary because an array 14 can be obtained. If the UV photo mask is placed on the top surface (light incident side) of the MCP 11 to produce the light pattern 13 by the above-mentioned UV.
- the MCP 11 As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the MCP 11 amplifies electrons, and the tubular microchannel 11 a is incident on the MCP 11 in the axial direction of the microchannel 11 a in an axial direction, and the optical axis of the light pattern 13.
- a plurality of members are formed in parallel with each other in the direction orthogonal to the optical axis direction so as to be parallel to the direction.
- the cylindrical shape include a cylindrical shape, a square cylindrical shape, and a hexagonal cylindrical shape, but in the present embodiment, a cylindrical shape is used because of ease of manufacture.
- MCP 11 The fabrication of MCP 11 will be described below, taking one microchannel 11a of MCP 11 as an example.
- a plurality of cylindrical parts are formed in parallel in the thickness direction on the main body lib of a lead glass plate.
- the diameter of the cylindrical portion is set to 1 111 to 100 111
- the ratio (LZd) of the length of the cylindrical portion to the diameter of the cylindrical portion is set to 20 to 200, more preferably 40 to L00.
- the diameter is set to 2 to 10 / ⁇ , and the ratio (LZd) to 40 to 80.
- the axial direction of the cylindrical portion is parallel to the normal direction of the surface of the lead glass plate. Although it may be inclined to about 8 °, it is parallel in the present embodiment.
- a semiconductor portion 11c having a structure for emitting a plurality of secondary electrons in the direction along the collision direction is formed.
- the semiconductor portion 11c is formed as a resistive semiconductor portion on the surface of the main body 11b by reduction of the main body l i b at a high temperature of 250 ° C. to 450 ° C. in a hydrogen atmosphere.
- the resistance value of the semiconductor portion 11c in the thickness direction of the main body l ib is set to 10 8 ⁇ to 10 1 () ⁇ .
- the semiconductor portion 1 lc may be a damon dry carbon film deposited by plasma CVD (chemical vapor deposition).
- Each of the electrodes l ld and l ie is formed on both surfaces of a main body 1 lb of a lead glass plate in which cylindrical semiconductor portions 1 lc are formed in the thickness direction, respectively, by vapor deposition of nichrome or inconel. As a result, a microchannel 11a as shown in FIG. 4 is produced.
- a DC voltage of 600 V to 1100 V is applied between the electrodes l ld and l ie, with the electron incident side as negative and the electron outgoing side as positive.
- a plurality of secondary electrons are made in the direction along the collision direction.
- 27 and the emitted electrons 27 respectively collide with the semiconductor portion 11c and repeatedly emitting more electrons, so that one electron 25 is 5 ⁇ 10 2 to 3 It will be emitted as X 10 5 electron beams 29.
- CHEVRON shown in FIG. 5 is formed by forming MC P 11 in two stages.
- each electron of each electron beam 29 from each microchannel 11 a is intermittently emitted from the charge and discharge characteristics of MCP 11, each electron power of each electron beam 29 is adjacent to each other.
- the probability of being adjacent to each other at a distance between the central axes is sufficiently small.
- the repulsion that the electrons of each electron beam 29 repel each other is small! /.
- the above-mentioned amplified electron beam array 14 is a collection of a plurality of micro electron beams respectively corresponding to the above-mentioned microchannels 11 a.
- the plurality of micro electron beams are spaced apart from each other, and are along the optical path direction of the light pattern 13 and the longitudinal direction of each of the microchannels 11 a described above.
- the plurality of microphone electron beams are not necessarily parallel to the light path direction or the longitudinal direction. If it is focused on the electron beam resist surface, it may be inclined.
- a HARP (High-gain Avalanche Rushing amorphous Photoconductor) film can be used as an avalanche-type photoconductor film as a substitute for the photoelectric film 10 + MCP 11 described above.
- the HARP film means a film of amorphous selenium to which a high pressure is applied.
- photoelectric conversion occurs in the HARP film, and the charge is further amplified by avalanche in the film to emit electrons. Therefore, the pattern light 13 is incident on one surface of the HARP film, whereby the patterned amplified electron beam array 14 is obtained by being emitted from the other surface of the HARP film.
- another device can be used in place of the combination of the light pattern generation unit 8, the photoelectric film 10 and the MCP 11.
- any device capable of generating an amplified electron beam array 14 patterned by voltage control and exposing a resist can be used.
- SEDs surface-conduction electron-emitting devices
- microdip arrays with tip portions with sharp edges made of silicon or molybdenum carbon nanotube arrays
- diamond thin films And at least one device group selected from electron emission sources for field emission displays (FEDs, etc.).
- the amplified electron beam along the optical path of the patterned amplified electron beam array 14 from which MCP 11 force is also emitted.
- An electron beam lens portion 12 is provided to accelerate, focus, align and project the array 14.
- the electron beam lens unit 12 includes an accelerating tube 12a, a focusing lens 12b, a multipolar deflection electrode 12c for alignment, and a projection lens 12d, respectively, along the traveling direction of the amplified electron beam array 14.
- the focusing lens unit 12b may be provided, but if necessary, at least one of the acceleration tube unit 12a, the multipole deflection electrode unit 12c for alignment, and the projection lens unit 12d. May be provided.
- the accelerating tube portion 12 a is for accelerating the amplified electron beam array 14, shortening the wavelength of the electron beam, and finally improving the drawing resolution with the electron beam resist 7. Ru.
- the focusing lens portion 12 b is for focusing notches in an in-plane direction orthogonal to the optical path direction of the not-amplified amplified electron beam array 14.
- the multipole deflection electrode unit 12c is for correcting distortion of the amplified electron beam array 14 after passing through the focusing lens unit 12b.
- the projection lens unit 12 d projects the amplified electron beam array 14 after passing through the multipole deflection electrode unit 12 c onto the electron beam resist 7 in a desired size to form a drawing pattern 14 a corresponding to the amplified electron beam array 14. It is to do.
- the electron beam of the amplified electron beam array 14 is shortened to a wavelength of about 0. Olnm at lOO keV by the force-boosting tube part 12a such as an accelerating lens or accelerating electrode, the amplified electrons are shortened in wavelength.
- the beam array 14 makes it possible to draw a finer drawn pattern 14 a of 5 nm scale or less on the electron beam resist 7 to expose the electron beam resist 7. Thereafter, a highly integrated semiconductor device having a fine pattern is formed by a normal semiconductor manufacturing process.
- a controller (compensation unit) 17 for controlling the drive 3 is provided by the computer.
- a display 18 as a display output unit and an input unit 19 such as a keyboard / mouse.
- the controller 17 corrects the light pattern 13 so as to reduce distortion caused in the drawing pattern 14 a drawn by the acceleration, focusing, alignment, and the projected amplified electron beam array 14. It is also set to function.
- correction of distortion in the electron beam lens unit 12 can be mentioned as a first example of the above correction. Since the electric field generated by the electron beam lens unit 12 has a spatial intensity distribution, the reduction ratio differs near the center of the patterned amplified electron beam array 14 to be focused and near the outer edge of the pattern.
- the controller 17 controls the projector 8 so as to generate an incident light pattern (inverse distortion light pattern) which is the product of the inverse function of the distortion generated in the electron beam lens unit 12 with the desired pattern. Do. Therefore, the controller 17 is provided with the reverse distortion light pattern generation unit.
- the amplified electron beam is
- the distortion caused in the drawing pattern 14a drawn by the array 14 can be offset by the above-mentioned incident light pattern, and on the electron beam resist 7, at the normal resolution of the electron beam, a two-dimensional batch along the desired circuit pattern.
- a drawn pattern 14a drawn by the focused and projected amplified electron beam array 14 is obtained.
- the drawn pattern 14 a which is the exposure pattern drawn by the amplified electron beam array 14, is drawn with high accuracy and programmable by correcting the force on the side of the light pattern 13. be able to. Therefore, for example, it is possible to realize a finer force, such as a minimum force dimension of 5 nm or less, and to manufacture an ultra-high density LSI with a semiconductor element of 5 nm scale or less with high accuracy, low cost and programmable. .
- the amplified electron beam array 14 is focused on the electron beam resist 7 by the electron beam lens unit 12.
- the interaction force between the adjacent micro electron beams 14b becomes larger, and the scattering caused by the interaction force is caused.
- FIG. 9 (a) from the light pattern 13 incident on each microchannel 1 la which is each matrix of the MCP 11, a plurality of divided light patterns 1 composed of respective dots which are interpolated with each other
- the projector 8 is controlled by the controller 17 so as to generate la-1 to la-3 in a time division manner. Since the divided light patterns 11a-1 to 1 la-3 are formed to interdigitate each other, the original light pattern 13 can be obtained by overlapping each other as shown in FIG. 9 (b). It has become Thus, the controller 17 is provided with the split light pattern generation unit.
- the micro electron beams 14 b based on each of the divided light patterns 11 a-1 to 1 la-3 irradiated onto the electron beam resist 7 are widely spaced from one another. Therefore, the inconvenience due to the above interaction can be further suppressed. As a result, even in the second example of the correction, since the reduction of the resolution can be avoided, the ultra high density LSI can be manufactured with higher accuracy, lower cost and programmatically.
- split light patterns 1 la-1 to 1 la-3 are exemplified, for example, 100 split light patterns may be used.
- Each divided light beam Since the turn is controlled by light, even if these 100 pieces are drawn in sequence, the entire drawing time can be in the order of milliseconds.
- a grid-shaped electrostatic lens unit 16 may be provided on the exit side of the MCP 11.
- grid-like space portions 16a respectively corresponding to the microchannels 11a of the MCP 11 are in the traveling direction of the amplified electron beams from the microchannels 1 la. Each is formed to have a space along it.
- an attractive force is generated with respect to the amplified electron beam array 14 from the MCP 11 to accelerate the amplified electron beam array 14 into a grid shape.
- By passing through the respective space portions 16a it is possible to make them parallel to each other, to suppress the notching of the emission angle, to reduce the reduction in resolution due to the above-mentioned variation, and to be similar to the light pattern 13 described above. As a result, the drawing pattern 14a can be made more accurate.
- the microchannels 11 a having a diameter of 10 m and each electrode 11 of the MCP 11 have a rating of 2 keV.
- the total exposure current is 20 mA by applying to ld and lie, as shown in FIG. 11A
- the micro electron beam 14b of 0.5 A is obtained per microchannel 11a of MCP 11. It was found that the exposure speed was 40000 times faster than that of lithography using a conventional electron beam 14c using an exposure current.
- This figure corresponds to the formation number of each microchannel 11 a of MCP 11, and it is considered that the exposure speed (drawing speed) will increase in proportion to that when MCP having a large number of microchannels 11 a is used.
- the resolution of the conventional electron beam lithography is improved 40000 times if the total amount of electrons and the wavelength of the entire electrons used for sensitization of the electron beam resist 7 are assumed to be the same. This is based on the assumption that the resolution, ie the spread of the electron beam, is proportional to the current to one. From the above results, the electron beam exposure apparatus of the present invention It can be seen that body manufacturing equipment has great potential.
- the present invention uses an electron beam capable of fine exposure and processing exceeding the wavelength limit of light, it is possible to perform exposure of the resist and direct fine processing in the manufacturing process of semiconductor devices and micromachines. Become.
- the present invention by collectively irradiating a two-dimensional pattern of an electron beam, a reticle is not required, and high-speed, programmable exposure and exposure can be realized. Since the wavelength of the electron beam depends on the accelerating voltage, if a high voltage is applied and the electron beam used is accelerated, fine processing can be performed according to the speed.
- the present invention can fundamentally solve the conventional problems that have not been put to practical use, and significantly advances LSI manufacturing technology.
- an excimer laser wavelength of 193 nm is used.
- microfabrication can be performed with an exposure wavelength of 1 / 10,000 or less (a DRAM of 1 OT is possible), and even if electron scattering is taken into consideration, significant LSI performance can be obtained. An improvement is expected.
- FIGS. 16 and 17 An electron beam exposure apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 16 and 17.
- the same member numbers are given to members having the same functions as in the first embodiment, and the description thereof is omitted.
- the photoelectric film 10 is used.
- the photoelectric film 10 can not be exposed to the atmosphere because it is necessary to maintain a vacuum state. Since the photoelectric film 10 was used, the entire apparatus such as the vacuum chamber 1 and the vacuum pump was upsized.
- another light pattern generation unit 21 is provided instead of the projector 8 in order to omit the photoelectric film 10.
- the light pattern generation unit 21 has a femtosecond laser 22 and a micro mirror array unit 23 for reflecting the laser light from the femtosecond laser 22 with the two-dimensional light pattern.
- the femtosecond laser 22 may have, for example, a repetition frequency of 50 MHz and a pulse width of 90.
- a femtosecond laser of fsec (femtoseconds) to 180 fsec in the visible region, for example 780 nm, may be used.
- a titanium sapphire laser or a Yb: YAG laser can be used.
- the output of the femtosecond laser 22 one having an average output of 10 mW to 60 mW can be applied.
- the micro mirror array unit 23 includes a substrate 23 a, a plurality of driving units 23 b on the substrate 23 a, and micro mirrors 23 c driven by a plurality of driving units.
- Examples of the micro mirror array unit 23 include digital mirror devices (registered trademark).
- Each micro mirror 23c is a square plate-like mirror that reflects light in the visible portion, and 480.000 to 1.13.000 sheets are arranged adjacent to each other and densely in a matrix.
- two-dimensional light patterns 13 can be formed in a grid pattern, arranged in a row direction and a column direction crossing each other (preferably orthogonal).
- each micro mirror 23c uses a 16 ⁇ 64 block micro mirror array unit 23 divided by data transmission unit blocks (64 ⁇ 16)!
- each drive unit 23b is provided for each micro mirror 23c, and for example, each micro mirror 23c can be rotationally driven by about ⁇ 12 degrees with the central axis along the row direction as the rotation axis. ing. Furthermore, each drive unit 23 b is set to be able to repeat rotational driving of each micro mirror 23 c several thousand times per second.
- each drive unit 23 b as described above is as follows, similarly to the image display control in the liquid crystal panel.
- the two-dimensional pattern data for the light pattern 13 is latched (LATTHES, held for data synchronization) in a shift register, and for each block of the matrix of each micro mirror 23 c Data is loaded.
- 0 or 1 that is, for example, minus 12 degrees or plus 1 is applied to the row block element of the address specified by the row decoding device (ROW DECODER) for each micro mirror 23 c.
- each drive unit 23b transmits each micro mirror 23c to each micro mirror 23c,
- each micro mirror 23c 1 or each micro mirror 23c and so on. Thereafter, the laser light 22a from the femtosecond laser 22 is irradiated onto each of the micromirrors 23c, and the reflected light from each of the micromirrors 23c is used as a light pattern 13 to irradiate each microchannel 1 la of the MCP 11. Do.
- the semiconductor portion 11c on the inner surface of each of the microchannels 11a the sum of the energy of the plurality of photons of the light pattern 13 exceeds the work function of the semiconductor portion 11c.
- electrons are mainly emitted in the direction along the incident direction of the photons.
- secondary electrons are generated in the semiconductor portion 11c as described above, and the similarly patterned amplified electron beam array 14 is focused on the electron beam resist 7 as described above. It can draw.
- a drawing pattern 14 a having a line width of 5 nm or less can be formed by programmable exposure on the electron beam resist 7 of the amplified electron beam array 14, and photoelectric conversion is required to maintain a vacuum state. Since the film 10 can be omitted, the exposure apparatus can be miniaturized, the vacuum pump can be miniaturized, and cost can be reduced.
- the micro mirror array unit 23 is used to individually control the micro mirrors 23 c to correct the light pattern 13 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. It will be possible as well.
- the inner surface of each of the microchannels 11a has a straight cylindrical shape whose inner diameter is constant up to the light incident side force, for example, as shown in FIG.
- the light emitting side end may be an electron beam shaping unit l lh having a diverging shape. The end-spreading shape is directed toward the light emitting end of the light, and the inner diameter gradually increases.
- the electron beam shaping section l lh having such a diverging shape is used to align (collimate) the electron beam emitted from each of the microchannels 11a more closely along the central axis direction of each of the microchannels 11a. Is possible.
- the electron amplification unit further includes an avalanche type photocopier. It may be a inductor film.
- the light pattern generation unit may include a light source and a mask pattern for generating the light pattern by the light from the light source.
- the mask pattern by using the mask pattern, the light pattern generation part can be simplified and the cost can be reduced as a whole.
- the distortion when distortion occurring in the drawing pattern can be predicted to a certain extent, the distortion can be suppressed by using the mask pattern corrected according to the prediction, and the accuracy of the drawing pattern is improved. It is possible to
- a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus includes a vacuum chamber, the electron beam exposure apparatus according to any of the above, provided in the vacuum chamber, and the vacuum chamber.
- An electron beam resist provided on the inside of the substrate, the amplified electron beam array being focused on the surface, and a mounting table for mounting a substrate on which the electron beam resist is formed on the surface;
- the light pattern generation unit generates a two-dimensional light pattern according to the circuit pattern of the semiconductor element!
- the light pattern generation unit generates a two-dimensional light pattern according to the circuit pattern of the semiconductor element
- the light pattern force can also produce a patterned electron beam array.
- By accelerating the electron beam array it is possible to shorten the wavelength of the electron beam of the electron beam array to the limit.
- a finer force for example, having a processing dimension of 5 nm or less, and it is possible to manufacture an ultra high density LSI provided with a semiconductor element of 5 nm scale or less.
- the semiconductor manufacturing apparatus further includes a substrate moving unit that moves the substrate in a direction orthogonal to the irradiation direction of the amplified electron beam array focused on the substrate.
- the substrate moving unit for moving the substrate for example, a wafer with a diameter of 100 mm or a diameter of 500 mm
- Move the board and draw according to each circuit pattern An image pattern can be formed, and a drawing pattern corresponding to the circuit pattern can be formed on a large area substrate.
- the above configuration can reduce distortion of the pattern drawn by the patterned electron beam array by performing correction on the light pattern side by the correction unit included in the exposure apparatus used.
- the manufacture of ultra-highly integrated semiconductor devices can be made more reliable and faster.
- the semiconductor manufacturing apparatus of the present invention includes the electron beam exposure apparatus according to the present invention, and the light pattern generation unit generates a two-dimensional light pattern according to the circuit pattern of the semiconductor element. It is a configuration to become!
- the configuration described above can be formed by drawing a desired circuit pattern drawn by the amplified electron beam array with high resolution, high accuracy, and programmability.
- a finer force such as a minimum dimension of 5 nm or less
- an ultra-high density LSI having a semiconductor element of 5 nm scale or less.
- the electron beam exposure apparatus of the present invention can accelerate pattern exposure using an electron beam which can be more finely processed. From this, it is possible to manufacture at low cost a semiconductor device which has been further finely processed to improve the performance.
- the electron beam exposure apparatus of the present invention can easily and rapidly manufacture a high-definition semiconductor device, and therefore, the field of semiconductor manufacturing apparatuses such as semiconductor lithography apparatuses and LSIs, and the above-described LSI
- the present invention can be suitably used in the field of communication devices such as mobile phones using the above, and in the field of computers using many semiconductor elements such as the above-mentioned LSIs.
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Abstract
Description
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US11/920,420 US7829863B2 (en) | 2005-05-17 | 2005-11-18 | Electron beam irradiation device |
JP2007516201A JP4945763B2 (ja) | 2005-05-17 | 2005-11-18 | 電子ビーム露光装置 |
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WO2013172417A1 (ja) * | 2012-05-18 | 2013-11-21 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | マイクロチャネルプレート |
WO2013172278A1 (ja) * | 2012-05-18 | 2013-11-21 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | マイクロチャネルプレート |
TWI582817B (zh) * | 2011-04-26 | 2017-05-11 | 克萊譚克公司 | 電子束偵測之裝置及方法 |
WO2018155538A1 (ja) * | 2017-02-24 | 2018-08-30 | 株式会社ニコン | 電子ビーム装置及び露光方法、並びにデバイス製造方法 |
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WO2018155540A1 (ja) * | 2017-02-24 | 2018-08-30 | 株式会社ニコン | 電子ビーム装置及び露光方法、並びにデバイス製造方法 |
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Also Published As
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JP4945763B2 (ja) | 2012-06-06 |
US7829863B2 (en) | 2010-11-09 |
US20090127473A1 (en) | 2009-05-21 |
JPWO2006123447A1 (ja) | 2008-12-25 |
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