WO2006090841A1 - ダブルヘテロ接合を有するAlGaAs系発光ダイオードおよびその製造方法 - Google Patents
ダブルヘテロ接合を有するAlGaAs系発光ダイオードおよびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006090841A1 WO2006090841A1 PCT/JP2006/303444 JP2006303444W WO2006090841A1 WO 2006090841 A1 WO2006090841 A1 WO 2006090841A1 JP 2006303444 W JP2006303444 W JP 2006303444W WO 2006090841 A1 WO2006090841 A1 WO 2006090841A1
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- emitting diode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/26—Materials of the light emitting region
- H01L33/30—Materials of the light emitting region containing only elements of group III and group V of the periodic system
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02367—Substrates
- H01L21/0237—Materials
- H01L21/02387—Group 13/15 materials
- H01L21/02395—Arsenides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02436—Intermediate layers between substrates and deposited layers
- H01L21/02439—Materials
- H01L21/02455—Group 13/15 materials
- H01L21/02463—Arsenides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02518—Deposited layers
- H01L21/02521—Materials
- H01L21/02538—Group 13/15 materials
- H01L21/02546—Arsenides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02612—Formation types
- H01L21/02617—Deposition types
- H01L21/02623—Liquid deposition
- H01L21/02625—Liquid deposition using melted materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/26—Materials of the light emitting region
- H01L33/30—Materials of the light emitting region containing only elements of group III and group V of the periodic system
- H01L33/305—Materials of the light emitting region containing only elements of group III and group V of the periodic system characterised by the doping materials
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an AlGaAs light emitting diode (hereinafter sometimes referred to as LED) having a double heterojunction used for spatial transmission of data and information, such as infrared light communication and remote control operation, and the like. It relates to the manufacturing method.
- LED AlGaAs light emitting diode
- small portable terminal devices having both a data communication function and a remote control operation function have also been developed.
- long-wave infrared for example, 880 nm or more
- remote control operation of the main unit is performed with an interval of about 5 m between the main unit and the data communication function is a short wavelength (for example, 870 nm or less).
- an AlGaAs LED having a double heterojunction (DH structure) is widely used among LEDs that emit light by flowing a current in the forward direction of a PN junction of a compound semiconductor.
- the small portable terminal device since the small portable terminal device is separated from the main device, it is required to receive infrared light emitted from the small portable terminal device with high sensitivity. And the sensitivity of the sensor that receives infrared rays is excellent at long wavelengths (for example, 880 nm or more). Therefore, the LED that emits light for remote control operation in a small portable terminal device is also used that emits light of the long wavelength.
- the LED described in Patent Document 1 has been developed and used.
- the LED described in Patent Document 1 is also an LED that emits infrared light having a short wavelength of 870 nm or less.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent No. 3187279
- One possible solution is to reduce the emission wavelength of the LED for remote control operation and to increase the emission wavelength of the data transmission LED.
- the present inventors tried to increase the emission wavelength of the data transmission LED.
- the composition and thickness of the active layer of the LED for data transmission described above were examined and the emission wavelength of the LED for data transmission was increased, this time the response speed and light output decreased. It turned out to be.
- the present invention solves the problem with the object of providing an LED and a method for manufacturing the same that exhibit quick response even at a long wavelength of light emission peak wavelength of 880 nm or more.
- the present inventors have first made the peak wavelength of light emission by changing the dopant in the light-emitting layer to Si and Ge in an AlGaAs light-emitting diode. We have found that LEDs that exhibit high responsiveness can be obtained even at wavelengths above 880 nm. As a result of further studies, the present inventors have found that the dopant is Si and It was conceived that by using Ge, it was possible to suppress a decrease in reverse bias voltage (hereinafter sometimes referred to as Vr) after the AlGaAs light-emitting diode was turned on for a predetermined time.
- Vr reverse bias voltage
- the light-emitting diode according to the first invention is a light-emitting diode according to the first invention. That is, the light-emitting diode according to the first invention is a light-emitting diode according to the first invention.
- a double heterojunction characterized by comprising at least one N-type cladding layer containing an N-type AlGaAs compound, wherein the light-emitting layer contains Si and Ge.
- This is an AlGaAs light emitting diode.
- a light-emitting diode according to a second invention provides
- the AlGaAs light-emitting diode having a double heterojunction according to the first aspect of the invention, characterized in that the molar ratio of Si and Ge contained in the light-emitting layer is 0 and Ge / Si ⁇ 5 .
- a light-emitting diode according to a third invention provides
- the AlGaAs light-emitting diode having a double heterojunction according to the first aspect of the present invention, characterized in that the molar ratio of Si and Ge contained in the light-emitting layer is 5 and GeZSi.
- a light emitting diode according to a fourth invention is
- the P-type cladding layer has at least one selected from Zn, Mg, and Ge, and has a double heterojunction according to any one of the first to third inventions AlGaAs light-emitting diode.
- a method for manufacturing a light-emitting diode according to a fifth invention comprises:
- the AlGaAs light-emitting diode having a double heterojunction according to the first aspect of the present invention has a long peak wavelength of 880 nm or more and exhibits a quick response.
- the AlGaAs light-emitting diode having a double heterojunction according to the second invention has a long peak wavelength of 880 nm or more, exhibits fast response, and the light-emitting diode. It was possible to keep the Vr value at a high level after lighting the switch for a predetermined time.
- the AlGaAs light-emitting diode having a double heterojunction according to the third invention has a long emission peak wavelength of 880 nm or more, exhibits fast response, and the light-emitting diode is turned on for a predetermined time. After that, the Vr value was kept at a high level.
- the AlGaAs light-emitting diode having a double heterojunction according to any of the first to third inventions has a long peak wavelength of 880 nm or more, exhibits fast response, and emits the light. It was possible to suppress the decrease in Vr value after the diode was turned on for a predetermined time, and the output and reliability were high.
- an AlGaAs light-emitting diode having a double heterojunction having a peak light emission wavelength of 880 nm or more and exhibiting high-speed response is replaced with a conventional light-emitting diode. It was easy to manufacture in the same process.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an AlGaAs LED having a double heterojunction (DH structure) according to an embodiment of the present invention. From the top, an upper electrode 1, an N-type cladding layer 2, and a light emitting layer 3 A P-type cladding layer 4 and a back electrode 5 are shown.
- DH structure double heterojunction
- the LED according to the present invention is an AlGaAs LED from which a so-called GaAs substrate is removed, and is the one after the GaAs substrate is removed in the state of FIG.
- the N-type cladding layer 2 includes N-type AlGa_As (where 0.115 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.45), and the light-emitting layer 3 has a P-type AlGaAs (where 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.1) and the P-type cladding layer 4 contains P-type Al Ga As (provided that 0.15 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.45).
- the N-type cladding layer 2 and the P-type cladding layer 4 have an AlGa_As phase.
- the A1 ratio is 0.15 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.45. It is desirable to be. If the A1 ratio is 0.15 or more, the effect of confining electrons and holes can be obtained. On the other hand, by setting the A1 ratio to 0.45 or less, the problem of element corrosion deterioration due to energization can be avoided, and in addition, an ohmic cross is generated at the interface between the cladding layer and the electrode and the interface between the cladding layers.
- the A1 ratio of the light-emitting layer 3 is 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.1, so that the AlGaAs system according to the present invention can be avoided. It is desirable to make the emission wavelength of LED longer than 870nm.
- Dopant concentration of N-type cladding layer 2 is 0. 5 X 10 18 cm_ 3 above, 0. 8 X 10 18 cm_ 3 or less, it is preferable that the dopant is Te or Si.
- the peak emission wavelength of the LED is 880 nm or more, but the same as when emitting light at 870 nm. It was found that the response speed (rise time, fall time) of about the same level can be obtained, and the light emission output is equivalent.
- the dopant is Ge alone, the emission wavelength of the LED cannot be increased, and the light receiving element cannot emit light in a wavelength region with good sensitivity.
- the rise time which is an indicator of response speed, refers to the time from when an electrical signal is given to an LED until the LED's light output reaches 10% to 90% of the LED's maximum light output.
- the fall time is the time from when the electrical signal applied to the LED disappears until the LED's light output reaches 90% to 10% of the LED's maximum light output. This rise time and fall time can be obtained by converting the light emitted by the LED into an electrical signal using a light receiving element and monitoring it with an oscilloscope.
- An LED used for a large amount of data communication in a short time is required to have a rise time and a fall time of at least 40 ns or less. Therefore, the LED concerned Therefore, if the rise time and fall time can be designed to be 30 ns or less, it will be possible to provide a margin of about 10 ns, which will reduce the LED defect rate and greatly contribute to the yield improvement.
- the LED is required to have a high Vr value (reverse bias voltage value).
- Vr value does not decrease even after 1000 hours of energization in order to prevent the circuit equipped with the LED from being damaged due to fluctuations in the circuit.
- the dopant of the P-type cladding layer 4 Zn, Mg, at least one element selected from Ge, 0. 5 X 10 18 cm_ 3 or more, 2 X 10 18 cm_ 3 following It is preferable to use at a density.
- dopant density control can be easily performed by controlling the amount of Ge raw material and Si raw material used in LED manufacturing.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an LED manufacturing apparatus.
- the growth of the N-type cladding layer 2, the light-emitting layer 3, and the P-type cladding layer 4 described in FIG. 1 is performed by, for example, a slow cooling method, and the temperature in the vicinity of the growing substrate is in the range of 600 ° C to 900 ° C.
- a GaAs substrate is used as the substrate, and the N-type cladding layer 2, the light-emitting layer 3, and the P-type cladding layer 4 are grown in this order.
- the GaAs substrate used here is either P-type, N-type, semi-insulating, or undoped. May be.
- the order of growth is the order of P-type cladding layer 4, light-emitting layer 3, and N-type cladding layer 2.
- the LED according to the present invention can obtain the same characteristics regardless of whether the top surface of the chip is N-type or P-type. This does not depend on the above growth order.
- the shape of the upper and lower electrodes can be arbitrarily selected. Similar characteristics can be obtained for the growth of each layer by using a temperature difference method.
- the slow cooling method which allows simultaneous growth of a large number of sheets, is advantageous in mass production.
- the LED manufacturing equipment also has a three-point force consisting of a carbon growth jig 8, a base 9, and a cutting 6.
- the growth jig 8 has at least three tanks. This is because three tanks with different compositions and dopants necessary for the epitaxial growth of the P-type cladding layer 4, the light emitting layer 3, and the N-type cladding layer 2 are required.
- Ga raw material, A1 raw material, GaAs raw material, and dopant are prepared so as to have the same composition as each cladding layer and light emitting layer having a predetermined composition. Fill it up. At this time, Si raw material and Ge raw material weighed according to a predetermined GeZSi (molar ratio) to be added as a dopant of the light emitting layer are filled into a tank filled with the raw material of the light emitting layer.
- a GaAs substrate 7 is accommodated in the base 9! Since the GaAs substrate 7 at this time is removed at the time of subsequent device fabrication, any of P-type, N-type, and non-doped may be used.
- the temperature at the vicinity of the substrate 7 accommodated in the base 9 until the completion of the growth of the third layer is 900 ° C at the start of the growth of the first layer. However, it is preferably 600 ° C. when the growth of the third layer is completed.
- the raw material melt is driven into the base 9 in which the GaAs substrate 7 is housed by driving the growth jig 8 and is applied to the GaAs substrate 7 at a predetermined temperature, time and slow cooling rate.
- the partition 6 is operated to separate the remaining raw material melt from the GaAs substrate 7. By repeating this operation, each layer is grown.
- the GaAs substrate is removed, the top electrode 1 and the back electrode 5 are installed, the epitaxial layer is chipped, and wiring to the electrode is performed.
- the power to obtain LEDs This process is similar to AlGaAs LEDs with conventional double heterojunction (DH structure).
- the surface of the chip is roughened in order to increase the light extraction efficiency from the chip after dividing the epitaxial layer into chips.
- the small portable terminal using the LED according to the present invention obtained in this manner has a data transfer function and a remote control operation function between the small portable terminal and the main device that transmits and receives information.
- This single LED can be used.
- a small portable terminal can be reduced in size, simplified, and reduced in cost.
- the LED according to the present invention is not limited to the above-described small portable terminal, and can be applied to various uses in which high-speed data transmission is performed using a long wavelength of 880 nm or more.
- growth is performed in the order of the P-type cladding layer 4, the light emitting layer 3, and the N-type cladding layer 2.
- GaAs50.6g, AIO.072g, SiO.55g, Gel. 385g was blended with Ga550g as a growth material for the light emitting layer.
- GaAs 28.8g, AIO. 77g, and TeO. 014g were blended with Ga550g as the growth material for the N-type cladding layer.
- the dopant density of the Si and Ge active layers of the light emitting layer is such that the Si amount is (5 ⁇ 10 18 ) / cm 3 and the Ge amount is (1 ⁇ 10 18 ) / cm 3 .
- the growth jig is placed in a growth furnace, and nitrogen and oxygen contained in the atmosphere are evacuated from the furnace by vacuum evacuation. Enough After gassing, it was replaced with high purity hydrogen and placed in a high purity hydrogen stream. (In addition, a GaAs substrate is installed in the growth jig.) The temperature of the growth furnace under this high-purity hydrogen stream is raised to 920 ° C, and the temperature is adjusted to stabilize the furnace temperature. Retained.
- the growth raw material of each layer filled in each tank provided in the growth jig becomes a raw material melt.
- the GaAs substrate installed in the growth jig is moved below the P-type cladding layer growth raw material melt tank to start the growth of the P-type cladding layer.
- the P-type cladding layer is grown, and when the growth is completed, the growth raw material melt of the P-type cladding layer is separated from the GaAs substrate.
- the GaAs substrate force in which the P-type clad layer, the light-emitting layer, and the N-type clad layer thus obtained were epitaxially grown was also removed, and the LED according to Sample 1 of Example 1 was fabricated.
- the LED of the manufactured sample 1 has a light emission output and a peak wavelength of light emission when a current of 20 mA DC is passed, a rise time and a fall time when a 500 mA pulse current is passed, and a Vr value before turning on the current.
- the emission output was 5.2 mW
- the emission peak wavelength was 882 nm
- the rise time was 20 nS
- the fall time was 25 nS
- the Vr value was 1.00.
- the dopant density of the Si and Ge active layers of the light emitting layer was the same as Sample 1 except that the Si amount was 1 X 10 19 / cm 3 and the Ge amount was 4 X 10 17 / cm 3 Thus, an LED related to Sample 3 was produced.
- the emission output was 4.8 mW
- the emission peak wavelength was 893 nm
- the rise time was 19 nS
- the fall time was 24 nS
- the Vr value was 0.78.
- the dopant density of the Si and Ge active layers of the light emitting layer was the same as Sample 1 except that the Si amount was 5 X lO 'cm 3 and the Ge amount was 7 X 10 17 / cm 3 .
- the operation was carried out to produce an LED related to Sample 4.
- the LED output for sample 4 produced was the light emission output and peak emission wavelength when a current of 20 mA DC was passed, the rise time and fall time when a 500 mA pulse current was passed, and the Vr value before turning on the current.
- the emission output was 5.
- the emission peak wavelength was 883 nm
- the rise time was 20 nS
- the fall time was 25 nS
- the Vr value was 0.82.
- the dopant density of the Si and Ge active layers of the light emitting layer was the same as Sample 1 except that the Si amount was 5 ⁇ 10 18 / cm 3 and the Ge amount was 1 ⁇ 10 19 / cm 3. Thus, an LED related to Sample 5 was produced.
- Table 1 The results are shown in Table 1.
- the dopant density of the Si and Ge active layers of the light emitting layer was the same as Sample 1 except that the Si amount was 2 X 10 18 / cm 3 and the Ge amount was 7 X 10 18 / cm 3. Thus, an LED related to Sample 6 was produced.
- the light emission output and peak wavelength of light emission when a current of 20 mA DC is applied to the LED of Sample 6 produced, the rise time and fall time when a 500 mA pulse current is applied, and the Vr value before energization lighting are 1.
- the emission output was 4.34 mW
- the emission peak wavelength was 880 nm
- the rise time was 23 nS
- the fall time was 28 nS
- the Vr value was 1.00.
- the dopant density of the Si and Ge active layers of the light-emitting layer was the same as Sample 1 except that the Si amount was 7 X lO 'cm 3 and the Ge amount was 7 X 10 19 / cm 3 .
- the operation was carried out to produce an LED related to Sample 7.
- the light emission output and peak wavelength of light emission when a current of 20 mA DC is applied to the LED of the manufactured sample 7, the rise time and the fall time when a 500 mA pulse current is applied, and the Vr value before energization lighting are 1.
- the emission output was 2.32 mW
- the emission peak wavelength was 892 nm
- the rise time was 7 nS
- the fall time was 8 nS
- the Vr value was 1.00.
- the dopant density of the Si and Ge active layers of the light-emitting layer was the same as Sample 1 except that the Si amount was 5 X lO 'cm 3 and the Ge amount was 4 X 10 19 / cm 3 .
- the operation was carried out to produce an LED related to Sample 8.
- the measured light emission power was 3.32 mW
- the emission peak wavelength was 880 nm
- the rise time was 8 nS
- the fall time was 8 nS
- the Vr value was 1.00 Met.
- the dopant density of the Si and Ge active layers of the light emitting layer was the same as Sample 1 except that the Si amount was 5 X 10 17 / cm 3 and the Ge amount was 1 X 10 2 / cm 3
- an LED related to Sample 9 was produced.
- the light emission output and peak wavelength of light emission when a current of 20 mA DC is applied to the LED of the manufactured sample 9, the rise time and the fall time when a 500 mA pulse current is applied, and the Vr value before energization lighting are 1.
- the emission output was 3.5 mW
- the emission peak wavelength was 882 nm
- the rise time was 8 nS
- the fall time was 8 nS
- the Vr value was 1.00.
- Example 2 The same operation as in Example 1 except that the dopant in the light emitting layer is all Ge, the dopant density of the active layer of Si and Ge of the light emitting layer is 0, and the Ge amount is l X 10 18 Zcm 3 As a result, an LED according to Comparative Example 1 was fabricated.
- the light emission output and peak wavelength of light emission when a current of 20 mA DC is passed to the manufactured LED, the rise time and fall time when a 500 mA pulse current is passed, and the Vr value before energization lighting are standardized as 1.
- the emission output was 5.2 mW
- the emission peak wavelength was 870 nm
- the rise time was 20 nS
- the fall time was 25 nS
- the Vr value was 1.00.
- Each sample was mounted on a specified TO-18 stem, and then molded using an epoxy resin mixed with Sumitomo Bakelite Co., Ltd .: ECR-7217, ECH-7217 in a 1: 1 ratio.
- the epoxy resin was cured at 115 ° C for 1 hour, followed by 150 hours and 5 hours of heat treatment for 2 cycles.
- the luminescence intensity when DClOOmA was applied to both samples was measured by total luminescence measurement using an integrating sphere, and the measured luminescence intensity was specified as 1.00.
- At least one P-type cladding layer containing P-type AlGaAs compound and at least one containing P-type AlGaAs compound An AlGaAs light emitting diode having a double heterojunction having a light emitting layer of at least one layer and at least one N type clad layer containing an N type AlGaAs compound.
- the peak wavelength in the emission wavelength could be set to 880 nm or more while maintaining the response speed of rise time and fall time when flowing 500 mA pulse current to 30 ns or less.
- the peak wavelength in the light emission wavelength could not be set to 880 nm or more.
- the LED sample according to Example 1 when the molar ratio of Si to Ge contained in the light emitting layer is 5 ⁇ GeZSi, the response speeds of the rise time and the fall time are shown. Was found to be as fast as 10 ns or less. Therefore, the LED is suitable for applications that require a particularly high response speed.
- the sample in which the light-emitting layer is doped with Si and Ge exhibits a change in light output even after the ESD resistance test and the 1000-hour energization compared to the sample in which only Ge is doped. It was found to be a highly reliable LED that was hardly seen.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an LED according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an LED manufacturing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- N-type cladding layer N-type cladding layer
Abstract
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JP2007504815A JP5268356B2 (ja) | 2005-02-25 | 2006-02-24 | ダブルヘテロ接合を有するAlGaAs系発光ダイオードおよびその製造方法 |
EP06714583A EP1855326A4 (en) | 2005-02-25 | 2006-02-24 | LIGHT-EMITTING ELECTROLUMINESCENT DIODE WITH DOUBLE JUNCTION AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME |
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US20110156616A1 (en) * | 2008-09-08 | 2011-06-30 | Anderson James E | Electrically pixelated luminescent device |
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US8513685B2 (en) | 2008-11-13 | 2013-08-20 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Electrically pixelated luminescent device incorporating optical elements |
KR101172143B1 (ko) * | 2009-08-10 | 2012-08-07 | 엘지이노텍 주식회사 | 백색 발광다이오드 소자용 시온계 산화질화물 형광체, 그의 제조방법 및 그를 이용한 백색 led 소자 |
US9909058B2 (en) | 2009-09-02 | 2018-03-06 | Lg Innotek Co., Ltd. | Phosphor, phosphor manufacturing method, and white light emitting device |
KR101163902B1 (ko) | 2010-08-10 | 2012-07-09 | 엘지이노텍 주식회사 | 발광 소자 |
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US8754425B2 (en) * | 2008-09-08 | 2014-06-17 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Electrically pixelated luminescent device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20080087906A1 (en) | 2008-04-17 |
KR20070106631A (ko) | 2007-11-02 |
KR101207660B1 (ko) | 2012-12-03 |
EP1855326A4 (en) | 2011-06-01 |
JPWO2006090841A1 (ja) | 2008-07-24 |
EP1855326A1 (en) | 2007-11-14 |
JP5268356B2 (ja) | 2013-08-21 |
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