WO2006080174A1 - アルカリ蓄電池 - Google Patents
アルカリ蓄電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006080174A1 WO2006080174A1 PCT/JP2005/024051 JP2005024051W WO2006080174A1 WO 2006080174 A1 WO2006080174 A1 WO 2006080174A1 JP 2005024051 W JP2005024051 W JP 2005024051W WO 2006080174 A1 WO2006080174 A1 WO 2006080174A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- positive electrode
- nickel
- storage battery
- core material
- alkaline storage
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/24—Alkaline accumulators
- H01M10/30—Nickel accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/24—Electrodes for alkaline accumulators
- H01M4/32—Nickel oxide or hydroxide electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
- H01M4/80—Porous plates, e.g. sintered carriers
- H01M4/808—Foamed, spongy materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an alkaline storage battery, and more particularly to an improvement in the weight ratio of a core material in a positive electrode.
- HEV hybrid electric vehicles
- HEV power supplies are often pulsed rather than continuously discharged. Therefore, rather than simply increasing the number of batteries in series, it is possible to achieve high efficiency as a power system that increases the output characteristics per battery. For this reason, particularly in HEV power supplies, attempts have been made to reduce DC resistance by reducing the resistance of mechanical components and improving the reactivity of active materials.
- One example is an improvement to the structure of the positive electrode.
- the alkaline storage battery positive electrode is roughly classified into a sintered type and a non-sintered type.
- the sintered positive electrode is obtained by impregnating a porous nickel sintered substrate with a porosity of about 80% obtained by sintering nickel powder with a nickel salt solution such as a nickel nitrate aqueous solution, and then immersing it in an alkaline aqueous solution.
- a nickel hydroxide nickel active material is deposited (for example, Patent Document 1).
- This sintered substrate has a high current collection performance because the nickel skeleton having a pore size of about 10 ⁇ m is dense, but the nickel skeleton is fine and has a large surface area.
- a treatment has been proposed in which the nickel surface is treated with acid resistance to make the nickel skeleton difficult to acidify (for example, Patent Document 2).
- the non-sintered positive electrode has a core made of a foamed three-dimensional porous body made of nickel metal and having a porosity of about 95% and filled with nickel hydroxide powder as an active material.
- This core material is more porous than the non-sintered positive electrode
- the weight ratio of the core material to the positive electrode is 45% to 60% of the sintered positive electrode, while the active material is as low as 15 to 25%. Contains a lot.
- the nickel in the non-sintered positive electrode has a thick skeleton and a relatively flat skeleton surface, and has a much smaller surface area than the sintered positive electrode. Therefore, the nickel skeleton is difficult to oxidize. ⁇ ⁇ can be avoided.
- the non-sintered positive electrode is configured with the same core weight ratio as the sintered positive electrode.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent No. 3275594
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 59-96659
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-242958
- Patent Document 2 Even if the technique of Patent Document 2 is used, it has been difficult to obtain sufficient characteristics when performing a life test assuming high-temperature and long-term use. Furthermore, when the non-sintered positive electrode was configured with the same core weight ratio as the sintered positive electrode using the foamed three-dimensional porous material of Patent Document 3, the sintered positive electrode was used contrary to expectations. The DC resistance was significantly higher than in the case, and in order to obtain the desired output value, it was necessary to connect an extra battery in series.
- the present invention is to solve the above-described problems, and provides an alkaline storage battery having a long life and high output even under severe conditions.
- An alkaline storage battery of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is mainly composed of a positive electrode using nickel hydroxide as an active material, a negative electrode, a separator, and an electrolytic solution such as an alkaline aqueous solution,
- a foam type three-dimensional porous body mainly composed of nickel is used as the core material, and the weight ratio of the core material to the positive electrode (hereinafter abbreviated as core material weight ratio) is 30 to 50%.
- the positive electrode which is the gist of the present invention is a non-sintered type, and its core material needs to be a foamed three-dimensional porous body.
- the fine nickel skeleton obtained by sintering is used as the electrolyte solution. It is preferable because it oxidizes with consumption.
- the weight ratio of the core material in the non-sintered positive electrode needs to be 30-50%.
- the foamed three-dimensional porous material is coated with hydroxide and nickel hydroxide, which is a positive electrode active material with a skeleton thickness larger than that of the sintered positive electrode.
- the weight ratio of the core material is less than 30%, sufficient electron conduction cannot be obtained, and when it exceeds 50%, the degree of exposure of the positive electrode active material decreases and sufficient ion conduction cannot be obtained. In either case, the output characteristics deteriorate.
- the weight ratio of the core material can be adjusted by changing the active material filling amount per unit volume of the foamed three-dimensional porous body.
- the number of holes (hereinafter simply referred to as “number of holes”) in a cross section perpendicular to the electrode plate plane of the foamed three-dimensional porous body is preferably 130 to 180 pores Z inches.
- the number of holes in the foamed three-dimensional porous body is counted from the electrode plate plane, but in the present invention, the number of holes in the direction perpendicular to the electrode plate plane is counted. The reason for this is that, based on the fact that ions enter and exit the surface force electrode plate through the electrolyte, the number of holes counted by plane force can be defined only by the “entrance / exit” of the ions.
- the problem is that the ion conductivity in the plate is large, which is a large number of holes that define the “intraplate path” of ions, which is counted in the cross-sectional force perpendicular to the plate plane.
- the inventors have found that there is a correlation.
- the number of pores to 130 pores Z inches or more, the number of skeletons of the foamed three-dimensional porous body is increased, and ions can be conducted through the gaps, so that high ion conduction can be obtained.
- the number of holes to 180 pores Z inches or less, it is possible to suppress skeletal fracture of the foamed three-dimensional porous body due to rolling or the like during the production of the positive electrode, and to obtain high electron conductivity.
- the number of holes PPI is determined by filling a part of the produced positive electrode with epoxy resin and polishing it. By obtaining the number of triangular points of the cross section of the porous material skeleton from the cross-sectional enlarged photograph (photographing area Scm 2 ), it can be calculated using the following formula 1. In addition, this value can be changed by changing the direction of the diameter of the urethane fiber used in the preparation of the foamed three-dimensional porous material, the amount of plating on the urethane, and the like. Therefore, this value does not necessarily correlate with the number of holes that are normally used and are counted in the plate plane force.
- the positive electrode has a conductive agent such as cobalt, cobalt hydroxide and cobalt oxide, a binder such as polytetrafluoroethylene (hereinafter abbreviated as PTFE), and carboxymethyl cellulose (hereinafter abbreviated as CMC). ) And the like can be appropriately added.
- a conductive agent such as cobalt, cobalt hydroxide and cobalt oxide
- a binder such as polytetrafluoroethylene (hereinafter abbreviated as PTFE), and carboxymethyl cellulose (hereinafter abbreviated as CMC).
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- CMC carboxymethyl cellulose
- a nickel cadmium storage battery is configured using the positive electrode described above, cadmium can be used as an active material for the negative electrode.
- a nickel metal hydride storage battery is configured using a positive electrode, a hydrogen storage alloy can be used as an active material for the negative electrode.
- conductive agents such as carbon black, styrene-butadiene copolymer (hereinafter abbreviated as SBR), and thickeners such as CMC can be appropriately added as auxiliary agents.
- SBR styrene-butadiene copolymer
- thickeners such as CMC
- a two-dimensional porous material such as punching metal can be used in addition to the above-described foamed three-dimensional porous material.
- the separator may be a non-woven fabric made of a resin centered on olefins such as polypropylene.
- the electrolytic solution it is possible to use an electrolytic solution such as an alkaline aqueous solution in which potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, and lithium hydroxide are appropriately mixed.
- the hydroxide ion concentration is preferably 6.0 to 8. OmolZl.
- the positive electrode of the present invention has a higher degree of coverage of the positive electrode active material by the core skeleton than the sintered positive electrode used in the conventional high output alkaline storage battery. Therefore, in order to ensure sufficient ion conductivity, it is preferable that the hydroxide ion concentration is in the range of 6.0 to 8. OmolZl and the viscosity is optimized.
- the hydroxide ion concentration is preferably 6.0 to 8. OmolZl.
- aqueous solution containing nickel sulfate as the main component and containing a predetermined amount of cobalt sulfate and zinc sulfate To an aqueous solution containing nickel sulfate as the main component and containing a predetermined amount of cobalt sulfate and zinc sulfate, the aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide is gradually dropped while adjusting the solution pH with aqueous ammonia, and the resulting precipitate is washed with water. And dried to obtain spherical nickel hydroxide powder as a positive electrode active material.
- These positive electrodes are A1 (core material weight ratio 24%, number of holes 156 pores Z inch), A2 (core material weight ratio 32%, number of holes 159 pores Z inch), A3 (core material weight ratio 41%, holes 155 pores Z inch), A4 (core weight ratio 49%, hole number 157 pores Z inch) and A5 (core material weight ratio 58%, holes number 155 pores Z inch).
- a sintered nickel positive electrode was produced as follows. First, it is prepared by forming a sintered body of nickel powder on both sides of a core material made of an iron punched sheet with nickel plating, which is sintered in a reducing atmosphere to form a porous nickel sintered substrate. Obtained. Next, this substrate was heated in an electric furnace in an air atmosphere at 400 ° C. for 3 minutes to form a nickel oxide layer on the surface of the substrate. This was dipped in the aqueous nitric acid solution for 15 minutes, impregnated with nickel nitrate in the pores of the substrate, and then dried in an atmosphere of 100 ° C.
- the substrate containing nickel nitrate was immersed in a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, the nickel nitrate was changed to nickel hydroxide, and the substrate was washed and dried. By repeating this operation 6 times, a sintered nickel positive electrode was obtained.
- the weight ratio of the core material in the positive electrode was 51% when a part of the obtained positive electrode was treated with an acetic acid solution to remove the active material. Let this positive electrode be A6.
- the produced positive electrodes A1 to A6, a negative electrode mainly composed of a hydrogen storage alloy, and a hydrophilized polymer.
- a separator having a nonwoven fabric strength made of polypropylene was wound by placing a separator so as to insulate the positive electrode plate from the negative electrode, thereby producing an electrode group.
- an alkaline electrolyte containing potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and lithium hydroxide as solutes and having a total hydroxyl ion concentration of 7 molZl is injected and sealed.
- a battery with a diameter of 34 mm, a length of 59.3 mm, and a nominal capacity of 6000 mAh (commonly called D size) was produced.
- Each of the batteries described above was charged at 600 mA for 15 hours and then discharged at 6000 mA for 40 minutes twice, and then stored at 45 ° C for 3 days to activate the negative electrode. 60 more
- the negative electrode was activated. Thereafter, the following evaluation was performed.
- Each battery was discharged to a 6000mA iron with 1.0V and then charged with a 600mA iron for 5 hours. After each of these batteries was left for 30 minutes, the following charge / discharge cycle was performed at 20 ° C.
- 3rd cycle Discharge 36000mA X 20 seconds, pause 5 minutes, charge 36000mA X 20 seconds, pause 5 minutes
- an alkaline storage battery having high output and excellent life characteristics is manufactured by using a foamed three-dimensional porous material as a positive electrode core material and setting the core material weight ratio to 30 to 50%. To do You can.
- Example 1 except that the number of pores in the cross section of the electrode plate of the foamed three-dimensional porous material was changed by changing the type of urethane used in the production of the foamed three-dimensional porous material, based on the positive electrode A3 of Example 1.
- B1 core material weight ratio 39%, hole number 121 pore inch
- B2 core material weight ratio 40%, hole number 132 pore Z inch
- B3 core material weight ratio 41%, hole number 155 pore Z inch
- B4 core material weight ratio 40%, number of holes 177 pores Z inch
- B5 core material weight ratio 39%, number of holes 198 pores Z inch).
- the negative electrode was activated under the same conditions as in Example 1, and then the direct current resistance and life characteristics were evaluated under the same conditions as in Example 1.
- Table 3 shows the results for DC resistance
- Table 4 shows the results for life characteristics.
- the DC resistance is generally low, but it is particularly low when the number of holes is 130 to 180 pores inches.
- B1 with a pore number of less than 130 pores has a small number of skeletons of the foamed three-dimensional porous body (there are few gaps). It is thought that the ionic conductivity was slightly lowered.
- B6 which has more than 180 pores Z inches, has a large number of skeletons in the foamed three-dimensional porous body (the skeleton is thin). As soon as it occurred, the electron conductivity seems to have slightly decreased.
- a battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the hydroxide ion concentration of the electrolytic solution was changed with reference to the positive electrode A3 of Example 1.
- C1 hydroxyl ion concentration 5.5 molZD
- C2 hydrooxide ion concentration 6.
- OmolZD C3 (hydroxyl ion concentration 7.
- OmolZD C4 (hydroxyl ion concentration 7.5 molZD
- C5 hydroxyl ion concentration 8.
- C6 Hydroxide ion concentration is 8.5molZD.
- the negative electrode was activated under the same conditions as in Example 1, and then the DC resistance and life characteristics were evaluated under the same conditions as in Example 1.
- Table 5 shows the results for DC resistance
- Table 6 shows the results for life characteristics.
- the direct current resistance is generally low and has a value! /, But it is found that it is particularly low when the hydroxide ion concentration is 6.0 to 8. OmolZl. .
- OmolZl slightly decreased in reactivity due to insufficient ion concentration.
- OmolZl is considered to have slightly decreased reactivity due to insufficient electrolyte penetration into the electrode plate due to its high electrolyte viscosity.
- the weight ratio of the core material in the positive electrode is set so as to ensure the electron conductivity while ensuring the ionic conductivity. Therefore, it is possible to realize an alkaline storage battery capable of obtaining good life characteristics and high output characteristics.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/794,865 US7976982B2 (en) | 2005-01-06 | 2005-12-28 | Alkaline storage battery |
JP2007500442A JP5096910B2 (ja) | 2005-01-06 | 2005-12-28 | アルカリ蓄電池 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2005001205 | 2005-01-06 | ||
JP2005-001205 | 2005-01-06 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2006080174A1 true WO2006080174A1 (ja) | 2006-08-03 |
Family
ID=36740207
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/JP2005/024051 WO2006080174A1 (ja) | 2005-01-06 | 2005-12-28 | アルカリ蓄電池 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US7976982B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5096910B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100479236C (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006080174A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (3)
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CN102903972B (zh) * | 2012-10-23 | 2015-09-02 | 浙江凯恩电池有限公司 | 一种高功率镍氢电池及其制备方法 |
US9276266B1 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2016-03-01 | Vizn Energy Systems, Incorporated | Perforated electrode plate |
US9184454B1 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2015-11-10 | Vizn Energy Systems, Incorporated | Mixing arrangement for a flow cell of an energy storage system |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2581362B2 (ja) * | 1991-11-25 | 1997-02-12 | 新神戸電機株式会社 | アルカリ蓄電池用電極 |
JPH11219702A (ja) * | 1998-01-30 | 1999-08-10 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | アルカリ蓄電池用非焼結式ニッケル正極およびアルカリ蓄電池用電解液ならびにこれらのニッケル正極と電解液とを用いたアルカリ蓄電池 |
JP2947284B2 (ja) * | 1997-12-26 | 1999-09-13 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | アルカリ蓄電池用非焼結式正極およびこれを用いたアルカリ蓄電池 |
JP2001102084A (ja) * | 1999-09-30 | 2001-04-13 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | アルカリ蓄電池およびその製造方法 |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5996659A (ja) | 1982-11-25 | 1984-06-04 | Shin Kobe Electric Mach Co Ltd | アルカリ電池用焼結基板 |
JPH03275594A (ja) | 1990-03-27 | 1991-12-06 | Ube Ind Ltd | 反応性ガスを用いたスパッタリング方法及びその装置 |
JPH07272722A (ja) * | 1994-03-29 | 1995-10-20 | Shin Kobe Electric Mach Co Ltd | アルカリ蓄電池用ペースト式ニッケル正極 |
JP3275594B2 (ja) | 1994-12-20 | 2002-04-15 | 新神戸電機株式会社 | アルカリ蓄電池用正極の製造法 |
-
2005
- 2005-12-28 WO PCT/JP2005/024051 patent/WO2006080174A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2005-12-28 JP JP2007500442A patent/JP5096910B2/ja active Active
- 2005-12-28 CN CNB2005800460875A patent/CN100479236C/zh active Active
- 2005-12-28 US US11/794,865 patent/US7976982B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2581362B2 (ja) * | 1991-11-25 | 1997-02-12 | 新神戸電機株式会社 | アルカリ蓄電池用電極 |
JP2947284B2 (ja) * | 1997-12-26 | 1999-09-13 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | アルカリ蓄電池用非焼結式正極およびこれを用いたアルカリ蓄電池 |
JPH11219702A (ja) * | 1998-01-30 | 1999-08-10 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | アルカリ蓄電池用非焼結式ニッケル正極およびアルカリ蓄電池用電解液ならびにこれらのニッケル正極と電解液とを用いたアルカリ蓄電池 |
JP2001102084A (ja) * | 1999-09-30 | 2001-04-13 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | アルカリ蓄電池およびその製造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20080286650A1 (en) | 2008-11-20 |
US7976982B2 (en) | 2011-07-12 |
CN101099252A (zh) | 2008-01-02 |
JP5096910B2 (ja) | 2012-12-12 |
JPWO2006080174A1 (ja) | 2008-06-19 |
CN100479236C (zh) | 2009-04-15 |
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