WO2006051981A1 - 光反射器、光合分波器及び光システム - Google Patents
光反射器、光合分波器及び光システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006051981A1 WO2006051981A1 PCT/JP2005/020940 JP2005020940W WO2006051981A1 WO 2006051981 A1 WO2006051981 A1 WO 2006051981A1 JP 2005020940 W JP2005020940 W JP 2005020940W WO 2006051981 A1 WO2006051981 A1 WO 2006051981A1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/2804—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers
- G02B6/2808—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers using a mixing element which evenly distributes an input signal over a number of outputs
- G02B6/2813—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers using a mixing element which evenly distributes an input signal over a number of outputs based on multimode interference effect, i.e. self-imaging
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
- G02B6/29346—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by wave or beam interference
- G02B6/29361—Interference filters, e.g. multilayer coatings, thin film filters, dichroic splitters or mirrors based on multilayers, WDM filters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
- G02B6/29346—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by wave or beam interference
- G02B6/29361—Interference filters, e.g. multilayer coatings, thin film filters, dichroic splitters or mirrors based on multilayers, WDM filters
- G02B6/29362—Serial cascade of filters or filtering operations, e.g. for a large number of channels
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
- G02B6/29346—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by wave or beam interference
- G02B6/29361—Interference filters, e.g. multilayer coatings, thin film filters, dichroic splitters or mirrors based on multilayers, WDM filters
- G02B6/29362—Serial cascade of filters or filtering operations, e.g. for a large number of channels
- G02B6/29364—Cascading by a light guide path between filters or filtering operations, e.g. fibre interconnected single filter modules
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
- G02B6/29346—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by wave or beam interference
- G02B6/29361—Interference filters, e.g. multilayer coatings, thin film filters, dichroic splitters or mirrors based on multilayers, WDM filters
- G02B6/2937—In line lens-filtering-lens devices, i.e. elements arranged along a line and mountable in a cylindrical package for compactness, e.g. 3- port device with GRIN lenses sandwiching a single filter operating at normal incidence in a tubular package
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
- G02B6/29379—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device
- G02B6/2938—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device for multiplexing or demultiplexing, i.e. combining or separating wavelengths, e.g. 1xN, NxM
Definitions
- Optical reflector Optical reflector, optical multiplexer / demultiplexer, and optical system
- the present invention relates to an optical reflector, an optical system, and an optical multiplexer / demultiplexer. More specifically, optical wavelength division multiplexing communication is performed through an optical propagation region that generates a light intensity distribution according to the wavelength of propagating light.
- the present invention relates to an optical reflector, an optical system, and an optical multiplexer / demultiplexer.
- optical wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) communication system for high-speed, large-capacity communication
- WDM optical wavelength division multiplexing
- One important optical component used in optical wavelength division multiplexing communication systems is an optical multiplexer / demultiplexer that multiplexes or demultiplexes light of multiple wavelengths. Examples of such an optical multiplexer / demultiplexer are disclosed in Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 1.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of a linear optical waveguide type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer.
- the straight optical waveguide type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 400 includes a first linear optical waveguide 402 and a second linear optical waveguide 404 that intersect each other at an angle 2 ⁇ , and a portion where two linear optical waveguides intersect.
- the optical filter 406 is provided, and a third linear optical waveguide 408 provided on the extension line of the first linear optical waveguide 402 with the optical filter 406 interposed therebetween.
- the optical filter 406 is formed of a dielectric multilayer film.
- optical filter 406 passes through the intersection 410 of the optical axes 402a, 404a, and 408a of the above three linear optical waveguides 402, 404, and 408 and has an equivalent reflection center surface 406a force.
- Waveguide 402 and second linear optical waveguide 40 4 are arranged in a mirror image with respect to reflection center plane 406a! RU
- the optical filter 406 is an LPF (Long Wavelength Pass Filter) that transmits light with a wavelength of 1.55 m and reflects light with wavelengths of 1.49 m and 1.31 ⁇ m.
- LPF Long Wavelength Pass Filter
- the light having a wavelength of 1.55 m incident on the first linear optical waveguide 402 is transmitted through the optical filter 406, propagated to the third linear optical waveguide 408, and incident on the first linear optical waveguide 402.
- Wavelength 1 The light having a wavelength of 49 ⁇ m and a wavelength of 1.31 ⁇ m is reflected by the optical filter 406 and propagated to the second linear optical waveguide 404.
- FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of a multimode optical waveguide type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer.
- the multimode optical waveguide optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 420 includes a first multimode interference optical waveguide 424 and a second multimode interference optical waveguide 426 disposed on both sides of the optical filter 422, and a first multimode interference optical waveguide 426, Multimode interference optical waveguide 424 First single-mode optical waveguide 428 connected to 424 and second single-mode optical waveguide 430 and third single-mode optical waveguide 430 connected to second multimode interference optical waveguide 426 And an optical waveguide 432.
- the optical filter 422 is formed of a dielectric multilayer film that reflects light having a wavelength of 1. with respect to light having an incident angle of 0 degrees and transmits light having a wavelength of 1.5 m.
- Patent Document 1 only describes the propagation of light of two wavelengths, but when applied to light of three wavelengths, for example, in multimode interference optical waveguide 420 of FIG. If an LPF (Long Wavelength Pass Filter) that transmits light in the m band and reflects light in the 1.49 m band and 1.31 m band is used, the first multimode optical waveguide 428 is used as the first multi-wavelength filter. The light with a wavelength of 1.55 m incident on the mode interference optical waveguide 424 is transmitted through the optical filter 422 and propagates to the third single mode optical waveguide 432 via the second multimode interference optical waveguide 426.
- LPF Long Wavelength Pass Filter
- the light having a wavelength of 1.49 m and a wavelength of 1.31 / zm incident on the first multimode interference optical waveguide 424 from the first single-mode optical waveguide 428 is reflected by the optical filter 422 and is reflected by the first Multi-mode interference optical waveguide 4 24 through the second single-mode optical waveguide 430 Propagated.
- FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of a rod lens type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer.
- the rod lens type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 440 includes a first rod lens 444 and a second rod lens 446 disposed on both sides of the optical filter 442, and a first rod lens 444 connected to the first rod lens 444. It has an optical fiber 448 and a second optical fiber 450 and a third optical fiber 452 connected to the second rod lens 446.
- the optical filter 442 is formed of a dielectric multilayer film.
- the lead lenses 444 and 446 are lenses that have a refractive index gradient inside thereof and can collimate incident light beams into parallel light or condense them at one point. For example, if the length force of the rod lens is 1Z4 with a meandering period (hereinafter referred to as pitch) according to the wavelength of the light beam incident on one end of the rod lens, the light beam is transmitted at the other end of the rod lens. It becomes parallel light.
- pitch meandering period
- the optical filter 442 is an LPF (Long wavelength Pass Filter) that transmits light with a wavelength of 1.55 m and reflects light with a wavelength of 1.49 m and 1.31 ⁇ m
- the first filter The light having a wavelength of 1.55 / zm incident on the optical fiber 448 is transmitted through the optical filter 442, propagates to the third optical fiber 452, and is incident on the first optical fiber 448. 1.49 The light of m is reflected by the optical filter 442 and propagates to the second optical fiber 450, and the light having a wavelength of 1.31 m incident on the second optical fiber 450 is reflected by the optical filter 442. Propagates to the first optical fiber 448.
- LPF Long wavelength Pass Filter
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-6155 (FIGS. 1 and 9)
- Non-Patent Document 1 Hironori Tanaka and 4 others, “Development of optical multiplexer / demultiplexer with high isolation characteristics”, IEICE General Conference, IEICE, March 2004, C 3-102 ⁇ p276
- Type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 440 [Note that the light with a wavelength of 1.49 ⁇ and the light with a wavelength of 1.31 m reflected by the optical filters 406, 422, and 442 are focused.
- the optical filter 406 In the linear waveguide type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 400, if the optical filter 406 is disposed at the position and the direction described above, the wavelength 1.49 / zm incident on the first linear optical waveguide 402 and The light having a wavelength of 1.31 m is reflected by the optical filter 406 regardless of the difference in the wavelength of the light and is incident on the second straight optical waveguide 404. Therefore, there is almost no difference in the insertion loss of the light having the wavelength of 1.49 m and the wavelength of 1.31 ⁇ into the second straight optical waveguide 404.
- the optical filter 406 is slightly deviated from the position and orientation force described above, The incident light does not enter the second linear optical waveguide 404, and the insertion loss of the light of both wavelengths into the second linear optical waveguide 404 is remarkably increased. In order to reduce the insertion loss of light into the second straight optical waveguide 404, it is necessary to arrange the optical filter 406 strictly in the above-mentioned position and orientation. Is powerful.
- the interference length L is wavelength-dependent due to the characteristics of the multimode optical waveguide. Therefore, light having a shorter wavelength has a longer interference length. In short, when the interference length L is set so that the light has a distribution ratio (transmittance or reflectance) of 100%, the distribution ratio (transmittance or reflectivity) of light having a long wavelength is less than 100%. Therefore, when the multi-mode optical waveguide type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 420 is used for the propagation of light of the above-mentioned three wavelengths, the insertion loss, which is the sum of the optical waveguide excess loss, coupling loss, etc., is increased tl or unnecessary port. Leakage (crosstalk) occurred, and good characteristics could not be satisfied for all three wavelengths.
- the rod lens type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 440 the light having the wavelength of 1.49 m and the light having the wavelength of 1.31 m incident from the first optical fiber 448 are collimated and approach the parallel light. .
- the length of the rod lens required to become completely parallel light differs depending on the wavelength of the light, so that the light of wavelength 1.49 111 and the light of wavelength 1.31 m are reflected by the optical filter 442. When done, at least one of the lights is not perfectly parallel. If the light is not collimated, but is reflected by the optical filter 442, the light incident on the second optical fiber 450 from the rod lens 444 is not completely condensed. Insertion loss into the fiber 450 will occur.
- the rod lens type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 440 when the length of the rod lenses 444 and 446 is freely determined according to the light of one of the two wavelengths to be reflected, it is adjusted to the other wavelength. In addition, the lengths of the rod lenses 444 and 446 cannot be determined freely, and there is room for improving the performance of optical wavelength division multiplexing communication.
- an object of the present invention is to provide an optical reflector, an optical multiplexer / demultiplexer, and an optical system that can alleviate the strictness of the arrangement of optical filters and improve the performance of optical wavelength multiplexing communication. It is in.
- the light reflector according to the present invention depends on the wavelength of propagating light.
- the first wavelength light incident on the light propagation region from the first light input / output means is reflected by the optical filter, and the second light input / output means is provided. Propagated to.
- the second wavelength light incident on the light propagation region from the second light input / output means is transmitted through the optical filter, reflected by the mirror, transmitted through the optical filter again, and then transmitted through the first light. Propagated to input / output means.
- the position of the mirror or the optical filter is slightly shifted, unlike the case of the linear optical waveguide.
- there is no significant loss of light thereby, it is possible to relax the strictness of the arrangement of the mirror or the optical filter.
- 1st light input / output means force
- the intensity of the light when entering the second light input / output means A larger value is preferable because the loss of transmitted light is reduced.
- light of the first wavelength and light of the second wavelength propagate between the first light input / output means and the second light input / output means, it depends on the wavelength of the propagating light. Therefore, if there is only one reflecting element such as an optical filter as in the prior art, the light when one wavelength of light is incident on the second light input / output means. If the intensity of the light is increased, the light intensity when the light of the other wavelength is incident on the second light input / output means may be lowered.
- the present invention has two reflecting elements, an optical filter and a mirror, the intensity of one wavelength of light when entering the second light input / output means is adjusted by the alignment of the optical filter, etc. After that, independently of the light of one wavelength, the intensity of the light of the other wavelength is adjusted by the mirror. This increases design freedom. Thereby, it is possible to improve the performance of the optical wavelength division multiplexing communication.
- the light input / output means includes an optical waveguide and an optical fiber.
- the optical reflector further includes at least one stage of an optical filter provided between the optical filter and the mirror.
- Each of the optical filters reflects light of a predetermined wavelength that passes through the optical filters closer to the first and second light input / output means and transmits light of the second wavelength.
- the light having the first wavelength, the light having the second wavelength, and the light having a predetermined wavelength are propagated between the first light input / output means and the second light input / output means.
- the light having the predetermined wavelength is transmitted to the first light input / output means and the second light input / output in response to the propagation of the light having the first wavelength and the light having the second wavelength.
- light of a predetermined wavelength that is incident on the light propagation region due to the force of the first light input / output means is transmitted through an optical filter that is closer to the first and second light input / output means than the additional optical filter. Transmitted, reflected by the additional optical filter, transmitted through the optical filter again, and propagated to the second optical input / output means.
- the intensity distribution of the light of the predetermined wavelength reflected by the additional optical filter is added to the first light input / output means and the second light input / output means. It can be changed by appropriately determining the distance to the optical filter. As a result, it is possible to improve performance in optical multiplex communication using three or more wavelengths.
- the mirror and the optical filter may be integrally formed as a unit.
- the mirror and optical filter unit and the optical filter and optical filter unit may have a configuration in which they are pasted with a resin such as an adhesive or an adhesive'refractive index adjusting agent.
- a mirror and a Z or optical filter may be attached to both sides of a plate member such as glass or plastic, or a box-shaped housing made of plastic or the like having a space inside.
- the mirror and all optical filters are configured as a single unit, only one mounting step is required.
- the unit can also be formed by continuously laminating in the process of forming the mirror and the optical filter. In this case, the distance between the mirror and the optical filter can be controlled with particularly high accuracy.
- the mirror and the optical filter of one or more stages are integrally formed as a unit, thereby reducing the variation in the spacing angle compared to the case where each is individually mounted, and the characteristics. It becomes possible to suppress the variation of.
- the light propagation region includes a condensing element such as a rod lens or a Fresnel lens, a grating (diffraction grating), a multimode optical waveguide, a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, or a direction. It is formed with a photocoupler.
- a condensing element such as a rod lens or a Fresnel lens, a grating (diffraction grating), a multimode optical waveguide, a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, or a direction. It is formed with a photocoupler.
- the condensing element, the grating, the multimode optical waveguide, the Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and the directional optical coupler all generate a light intensity distribution according to the wavelength of the propagating light.
- the light propagation region is between the first light input / output means and the second light input / output means and the optical filter closest thereto.
- the first light propagation region portion is configured to be offset in a direction perpendicular to the light propagation direction with respect to the other portions of the light propagation region.
- an optical filter that passes through the optical filter closest to the first light input / output means and the second light input / output means and passes through the third light input / output means side is used.
- the reflected second wavelength light propagates to the first light input / output means, the second wavelength light enters the first light input / output means in a leaked manner. The amount of reflection (reflection loss) can be reduced.
- an optical system is connected to a light propagation region that generates a light intensity distribution according to the wavelength of propagating light, and one side of the light propagation region.
- an optical filter installation means for installing at least two stages of optical filters provided in the light propagation region between the optical input / output means and the third optical input / output means. .
- the same operation and effect as the above-described optical reflector according to the present invention can be achieved. Furthermore, the third wavelength light is converted into the first light input / output means and the third light. It can be propagated between the input / output means.
- the light propagation region includes a rod lens, a condensing element such as a Fresnel lens, a grating (diffraction grating), a multimode optical waveguide, and a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Or it forms with a directional optical coupler.
- a condensing element such as a Fresnel lens, a grating (diffraction grating), a multimode optical waveguide, and a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Or it forms with a directional optical coupler.
- the optical filter installation means is a groove provided in the light propagation region.
- the first, second, and third light input / output means may be single-mode optical waveguides, or the first and second light input / output means.
- the third light input / output means may be an optical fiber.
- the light propagation area is between the first light input / output means and the second light input / output means and the optical filter installation means closest thereto.
- the first light propagation region portion is offset in the direction perpendicular to the light propagation direction with respect to the other portions of the light propagation region.
- an optical multiplexer / demultiplexer is connected to a light propagation region that generates a light intensity distribution according to the wavelength of propagating light, and one side of the light propagation region.
- the first light input / output means and the second light input / output means, the third light input / output means connected to the other side of the light propagation region, the first light input / output means and the second light input / output means.
- the optical filter on the side reflects the light of the first wavelength and transmits the light of the second wavelength and the light of the third wavelength
- the optical filter on the side of the third light input / output means Light of the first wavelength and the light of the third wavelength are transmitted, and the light of the first wavelength and the light of the second wavelength are transmitted between the first light input / output means and the second light input / output means.
- Light propagates Between the first optical output means or the second optical input means and the third optical input and output means, as characterized in that the light of the third wavelength is propagated, Ru.
- optical multiplexer / demultiplexer operates in the same manner as the above-described optical reflector and optical system according to the present invention, and provides similar effects.
- the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer further includes at least one additional optical filter provided between the two optical filters, and the additional optical filter.
- Each of the first and second light input / output means further reflects the light having a predetermined wavelength and transmits the light having the second wavelength and the third wavelength. Light of the first wavelength, light of the second wavelength, and light of a predetermined wavelength are propagated between the first light input / output means and the second light input / output means.
- the light propagation region includes a condensing element such as a rod lens or a Fresnel lens, a grating (diffraction grating), a multi-mode optical waveguide, a Matsuhsunder interferometer, or It is formed with a directional optical coupler.
- a condensing element such as a rod lens or a Fresnel lens, a grating (diffraction grating), a multi-mode optical waveguide, a Matsuhsunder interferometer, or It is formed with a directional optical coupler.
- the light propagation region is between the first light input / output means and the second light input / output means and the optical filter closest thereto.
- a first light propagation region portion is configured, and the first light propagation region portion is offset in a direction perpendicular to the light propagation direction with respect to the other portions of the light propagation region.
- the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer configured in this way, for example, it passes through the optical filter closest to the first optical input / output means and the second optical input / output means and is provided on the third optical input / output means side.
- the second optical input / output means leaks and enters the first optical input / output means. It is possible to reduce the amount of light having a wavelength (reflection attenuation amount).
- the first, second, and second The third optical input / output means may be a single mode optical waveguide, the first and second optical input / output means may be a single mode optical waveguide, and the third optical input / output means may be an optical fiber. Good.
- the unit of the optical filter has a configuration in which it is affixed with a resin such as an adhesive, an adhesive, or a refractive index adjusting agent. It may have a configuration in which a mirror and a Z or optical filter are attached to both sides of a plastic box or the like that is a space.
- the unit is a process of forming an optical filter It can also be formed by continuously laminating. In this case, it is possible to control the feeling between the optical filters with particularly high accuracy. In this way, by integrally forming two or more stages of optical filters as a unit, it is possible to reduce the variation in the distance and angle and suppress the characteristic variation compared to the case where each is individually mounted. It becomes possible.
- the optical filter further transmits light of the third wavelength, and the mirror reflects light of the second wavelength.
- An optical power monitor configured to detect only the intensity of light having a selected wavelength out of the light propagating between the first light input / output means and the second light input / output means. It can be used as
- the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer, the optical reflector, and the optical system according to the present invention can alleviate the strictness of the arrangement of the optical filter and improve the performance of the optical wavelength division multiplexing communication.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a rod lens type light reflector which is a first embodiment of a light reflector according to the present invention.
- a rod lens type light reflector which is a first embodiment of a light reflector according to the present invention.
- a case where light having a wavelength of 1.49 111 and light having a wavelength of 1.31 m are propagated will be described.
- the rod lens type light reflector 10 includes a rod lens 12 that is a light propagation region, and a first light input / output means that is connected to one side of the rod lens 12.
- the first optical fiber 14 and the second optical fiber 16 that is the second light input / output means, the mirror 18 provided on the other side of the rod lens 12, the first optical fiber 14 and the second optical fiber 14.
- an optical filter 20 provided on the rod lens 12 between the optical fiber 16 and the mirror 18.
- the rod lens 12 has a cylindrical shape with an axis 22 and a refractive index gradient is formed inside. This is a lens that can collimate the incident light beam into parallel light or condense it on a single point. For example, if the length of the rod lens 12 is 1Z4 with a pitch (meandering period corresponding to the wavelength of the light beam), the light beam incident on one end of the rod lens 12 is collimated at the other end of the rod lens 12. become.
- the rod lens 12 includes a first rod lens 24 disposed between the first optical fiber 14 and the second optical fiber 16 and the optical filter 20, and between the mirror 18 and the optical filter 20. And a second rod lens 26 disposed therein.
- the rod lens 12 is preferably made of quartz or the like!
- the first optical fiber 14 and the second optical fiber 16 are arranged symmetrically and substantially parallel (within a range of ⁇ 5 degrees) with respect to the axis 22. Further, the first optical fiber 14 and the second optical fiber 16 are fixed to the rod lens 12 by fusion or adhesive.
- the optical filter 20 is preferably formed of a dielectric multilayer film.
- the optical filter 20 is an LPF (Long Wavelength Pass Filter) that transmits light having a wavelength of 1.49 / zm and reflects light having a wavelength of 1.31 / zm.
- the distance L11 from the junction 28 of the first optical fiber 14 and the second optical fiber 16 to the rod lens 12 to the equivalent reflection center plane 30 of the optical filter 20 is the wavelength of the shorter light (1
- the pitch is preferably 174 or 1Z2 of 31 111).
- the reflection center plane 30 of the optical filter 20 is preferably within a range of 90 degrees 5 degrees with respect to the axis.
- the mirror 18 is preferably formed of a dielectric multilayer film, but any material can be used as long as it can reflect light having a longer wavelength (1.49 m), and an optical filter may be used.
- the distance L12 from the junction position 28 to the equivalent reflection center plane 32 of the mirror 18 is preferably 1Z4 or 1Z2 or the like of the longer light wavelength (1.49 m).
- the reflection center plane 32 of the mirror 18 is preferably within a range of 90 ⁇ 5 degrees with respect to the axis 22.
- the light having a wavelength of 1.31 / z m and the light having a wavelength of 1.49 / z m incident from the first optical fiber 14 are collimated in the rod lens 12 and approach the parallel light.
- the light having a wavelength of 1.31 / z m is reflected as parallel light when it reaches the reflection center plane 30 of the optical filter 20.
- Light having a wavelength of 1.49 / z m is reflected as parallel light when it reaches the reflection center plane 32 of the mirror 18.
- light having a wavelength of 1.31 m and light having a wavelength of 1.49 m are collected at the junction position 28.
- the distance L11 corresponding to the light having a wavelength of 1.31 m and the distance L21 corresponding to the light having a wavelength of 1.49 m can be determined independently. Accordingly, it is possible to independently determine the insertion loss of light of both wavelengths into the second optical fiber 16, and the performance of optical wavelength division multiplexing communication can be improved.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of an MMI (Multi Mode Interference) type optical reflector that is a second embodiment of the optical reflector according to the present invention.
- MMI Multi Mode Interference
- the MMI-type optical reflector 40 includes a multimode optical waveguide 42 that is a light propagation region, and a first optical input / output connected to one side of the multimode optical waveguide 42.
- the first single mode optical waveguide 43 and the first optical fiber 44 as the means
- the second single mode optical waveguide 45 and the second optical fiber 46 as the second light input / output means, and the multimode.
- Mirror 48 provided on the other side of the optical waveguide 42 and the first optical fiber 44 and the multimode optical waveguide 42 between the second optical fiber 46 and the mirror 48.
- the planar shape of the multimode optical waveguide 42 is substantially rectangular.
- the multimode optical waveguide 42 has an axis 52 extending in the light propagation direction in parallel with one side of the rectangle.
- the multi-mode optical waveguide 42 includes a first optical waveguide portion 54 disposed between the first optical fiber 44 and the second optical fiber 46 and the optical filter 50, a mirror 48, and an optical filter 50. And a second optical waveguide portion 56 disposed between the two.
- the multimode optical waveguide 42 has a core 42a and a clad 42b formed in a stacked manner on a Si substrate (not shown), and the core 42a and the clad 42b are preferably formed of a polymer! /.
- the first single-mode optical waveguide 43 and the second single-mode optical waveguide 45 are disposed between the multi-mode optical waveguide 42 and the first optical fiber 44 and the second optical fiber 46.
- the distance between the first optical fiber 44 and the second optical fiber 46 is 100 m or more, whereas the first single-mode optical waveguide 43 and the second single-mode optical waveguide 45 Is preferably connected to the multimode optical waveguide by about 10 ⁇ m, and these are optically connected via the S-shaped first single-mode optical waveguide 43 and second cinder-mode optical waveguide 45. can do.
- the cores 43a and 45a and the clads 43b and 45b are preferably formed of a polymer.
- an optical circuit having other functions between the first single-mode optical waveguide 43 and the second single-mode optical waveguide 45 and the first optical fiber 44 and the second optical fiber 46 , Even if!
- the first optical fiber 44 and the second optical fiber 46 have cores 44a and 46a and claddings 44b and 46b, respectively.
- the first optical fiber 44 and the second optical fiber 46 are arranged substantially parallel to the axis 52 (within a range of ⁇ 5 degrees) and are multimode optical waveguides. It is fixed to 42 with an adhesive.
- the optical filter 50 is preferably formed of a dielectric multilayer film.
- the optical filter 50 is a SPF (Short Wavelength Pass Filter) or BBF (Band Blocking Filter) that transmits light having a wavelength of 1.31 / zm and reflects light having a wavelength of 1.49 / zm. It is.
- the distance L21 from the junction position 58 between the first single-mode optical waveguide 43 and the second single-mode optical waveguide 45 and the multi-mode optical waveguide 42 to the equivalent reflection center plane 60 of the optical filter 50 is the longer one. It is preferably 1Z4 with an interference period of the wavelength of light (1.49 m).
- the optical filter 50 extends transversely, i.e., transversely to the axis 52, and its reflective center plane 60 is preferably in the range of 90 ⁇ 5 degrees relative to the axis 52.
- the mirror 48 is preferably formed of a dielectric multilayer film, but any material can be used as long as it can reflect light having a shorter wavelength (1.31 ⁇ m), and an optical filter may be used. It may be a metal surface. In the case of using a metal mirror, it is preferable in terms of reflectivity to use gold.
- the distance L2 2 from the junction position 58 to the equivalent reflection center plane 62 of the mirror 48 is preferably 1Z4 of the interference period of the shorter light wavelength (1.31 m).
- the reflection center plane 62 of the mirror 48 is preferably within a range of 90 ⁇ 5 degrees with respect to the axis 52.
- the optical filter 50 and the mirror 48 are provided in the multimode optical waveguide 42, respectively. It is preferable to be attached to the groove 64, end or step 66 etc.
- the 31 ⁇ m light is incident on the multimode optical waveguide 42 via the first single mode optical waveguide 43 and is decomposed into multimode light, and the decomposed light interferes with each other. Interference fringes corresponding to the light intensity distribution are generated in the multimode optical waveguide 42.
- the position of the peak of the intensity distribution of the light moves in the direction transverse to the direction of the axis 52.
- the position of the peak of the light intensity distribution is determined by the junction between the second single-mode optical waveguide 45 and the multimode optical waveguide 42 when the light is reflected by the optical filter 50 and returns to the junction position 58. Come to the place.
- the distance L22 to the reflection center plane 62 of the junction position 58 force mirror 48 is 1Z4 of the interference period of the shorter light wavelength (1.31 ⁇ m)
- the shorter wavelength (1.31 m) is when the light passes through the optical filter 50, is reflected by the mirror 48, passes through the optical filter 50 again, and returns to the junction position 58.
- the single mode optical waveguide 45 and the multimode optical waveguide 42 are joined at the junction.
- the length L21 corresponding to the light having a wavelength of 1.49 m and the length L22 corresponding to the light having a wavelength of 1.31 m can be determined independently. Accordingly, it is possible to independently determine the insertion loss of light of both wavelengths into the second optical fiber 46, and the performance of optical wavelength division multiplexing communication can be improved.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of an MMI (Multi Mode Interference) type optical reflector which is a third embodiment of the optical reflector according to the present invention.
- the MMI type optical reflector 70 of this embodiment is formed integrally with the optical filter 50, the mirror 48 and the second optical waveguide portion 56 of the MMI type optical reflector 40 of the second embodiment as an optical filter unit 72.
- an end portion or step portion 74 that is an optical filter installation means for receiving the optical filter unit 72 is provided. Except for this, it has the same configuration as the MMI-type light reflector 40 of the second embodiment. Therefore, the same components as those in the MMI type optical reflector 40 of the second embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.
- the operation of the MMI light reflector 70 which is the third embodiment of the light reflector according to the present invention is the same as the operation of the MMI light reflector 40 which is the second embodiment described above. The description of is omitted.
- the optical filter unit 72 may have a configuration in which the optical filter 50 and the mirror 48 are attached with an adhesive / refractive index adjusting agent or the like.
- integrally forming the optical filter unit 72 it is possible to reduce the manufacturing cost by reducing the number of steps because the mounting process to the optical filter installation means is only one time.
- the optical filter unit 72 can also be formed by continuously laminating in the process of forming the optical filter 50 and the mirror 48. In this case, the distance between the optical filter 50 and the mirror 48 can be controlled with particularly high accuracy.
- the optical filter 72 is integrally formed, so that the distance between the optical filter 50 and the mirror 48 can be reduced as compared with the case where the optical filter 50 and the mirror 48 are individually mounted as in the second embodiment. It is possible to reduce variations in characteristics and suppress variations in characteristics.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view of a directional coupler type light reflector that is a fourth embodiment of the light reflector according to the present invention.
- a case where light having a wavelength of 1.49 m and light having a wavelength of 1.31 m are propagated will be described as an example.
- the directional coupler type light reflector 80 includes a directional optical coupler 82 that is a light propagation region, and a first optical input / output connected to one side of the optical coupler.
- one optical filter 90 provided in the optical coupler 82 between the second optical waveguide 86 and the mirror 88.
- the optical coupler 82 has an axis 92 extending in the light propagation direction.
- the optical coupler 82 has a first optical coupling path 94 and a second optical coupling path 96 disposed on both sides of the axis 92 in parallel therewith.
- These optical coupling paths 94 and 96 are formed by the core 82a and surrounded by the cladding 82b. It is. Further, these optical coupling paths 94 and 96 are arranged close to each other so as to transfer to the other optical coupling path 96 while propagating the optical force propagating through one optical coupling path 94.
- the optical couplers 94 and 96 include a first optical coupler unit 98 disposed between the first optical waveguide 84 and the second optical waveguide 86 and the optical filter 90, and a mirror 88 and the optical filter 90. And a second optical coupler unit 100 disposed therebetween.
- connection between the first optical waveguide 84 and the first optical coupling path 94 and the connection between the second optical waveguide 86 and the second optical coupling path 96 are substantially parallel to the axis ( ⁇ 5 degrees). Preferably within a range.
- the first optical waveguide 84 and the second optical waveguide 86 move away from each other as the distance from the optical coupler 82 increases.
- the paths of the first optical waveguide 84 and the second optical waveguide 86 may have a curved path such as an arc or a sine special function.
- Each of the first optical waveguide 84 and the second optical waveguide 86 has a core 82a and a clad 82b formed on a Si substrate (not shown) integrally with the multimode optical waveguide 82 in a stacked manner. ing.
- the core 82a and the clad 82b are preferably formed of a polymer.
- the optical filter 90 is preferably formed of a dielectric multilayer film.
- the optical filter 90 is a SPF (Short Wavelength Pass Filter) or BBF (Band Blocking Filter) that transmits light having a wavelength of 1.31 / zm and reflects light having a wavelength of 1.49 / zm. It is.
- the distance L41 from the junction 102 between the first optical waveguide 84 and the second optical waveguide 86 and the optical coupler 82 to the equivalent reflection center plane 104 of the optical filter 90 is the wavelength of the longer light (1 It is preferably 1Z2 with a bond length of 49 m).
- the coupling length is the length in the directional optical coupler at which all of the incident optical power is coupled to the second optical waveguide.
- the reflection center plane 104 of the optical filter 90 is preferably within a range of 90 degrees 5 degrees with respect to the axis 92! /.
- the mirror 88 is preferably formed of a dielectric multilayer film, but any material can be used as long as it can reflect light having a shorter wavelength (1.31 ⁇ m), and an optical filter may be used. .
- the distance L42 from the junction position 102 to the equivalent reflection center plane 106 of the mirror 88 is preferably 1Z2 having a coupling length of the shorter light wavelength (1.31 m).
- Reflecting mirror 88 The center surface 106 is preferably within a range of 90 ⁇ 5 degrees with respect to the axis.
- Each of the optical filter 90 and the mirror 88 is preferably attached to the groove 108, the end or step 110, etc., which are provided in the optical coupler 82, which are optical filter installation means.
- the light having a wavelength of 1.49 m and the light having a wavelength of 1.31 / zm incident from the first optical waveguide 84 interfere with each other in the coupler 82, and the first wavelength is coupled over the coupling length according to the wavelength. Transfer from the coupling path 94 to the second coupling path 96. If the distance L41 from the junction position 102 to the reflection center plane 104 of the optical filter 90 is 1Z2 which is the coupling length of the light having the longer wavelength (1.49 m), the first optical waveguide 84 to the first The light having the longer wavelength (1.49 ⁇ m) propagated to the optical coupling path 94 is reflected by the optical filter 90 and returned to the junction position 102.
- the second optical coupling path 96 Is completely transferred to the second optical waveguide 86. Bonding position 102 Force Distance of mirror 88 to reflection center plane 106 L42 force If the light coupling length of the shorter wavelength (1.31 m) is 1Z2, the first optical waveguide 84 to the first light The light having the shorter wavelength (1.31 / zm) propagated to the coupling path 94 is completely transmitted to the second optical coupling path 96 when the light is reflected by the mirror 88 and returns to the junction position 102. And enters the second optical waveguide 86.
- the length L41 corresponding to the light having the wavelength of 1.49 / zm and the length L42 corresponding to the light having the wavelength of 1.31 / zm can be determined independently. Accordingly, it is possible to independently determine the insertion loss of light of both wavelengths into the second optical waveguide 86, and the performance of optical wavelength division multiplexing communication can be improved.
- the first optical waveguide 8 of light of both wavelengths is used. It is also possible to determine the return loss to 4 independently. In this way, the performance of optical wavelength division multiplexing communication can be improved.
- optical waveguide type directional optical coupler has been described above.
- optical coupling portion of the optical fiber-fused optical fiber 1 that forms a directional optical coupler by fusing and stretching two optical fibers.
- a similar operation can also be realized by inserting a mirror and an optical filter in this case.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic plan view of an MMI (Multi Mode Interference) type optical reflector, which is a fifth embodiment of the optical reflector according to the present invention.
- MMI Multi Mode Interference
- the present embodiment unlike the first to fourth embodiments in which light of two wavelengths is propagated, light of three wavelengths is propagated.
- the present embodiment will be described assuming that the three wavelengths are, for example, a wavelength of 1.55 / z m, a wavelength of 1.49 / z m, and a wavelength of 1.31 m.
- the configuration of the present embodiment schematically includes an additional optical filter 126 (see FIG.
- the configuration is the same as that of the MMI-type light reflector 40 according to the second embodiment except for the change associated with handling light of three wavelengths. Therefore, in the following description, the same reference numerals are given to components common to the second embodiment, and the description thereof is omitted.
- the MMI-type optical reflector 120 includes a multimode optical waveguide 42 that is a light propagation region, and a first optical input / output unit connected to one side of the multimode optical waveguide 42.
- the first-stage optical filter 124 and the second-stage optical filter 126 are provided in the multimode optical waveguide 42 between the first and second optical fibers 46 and the mirror 122.
- the planar shape of the multimode optical waveguide 42 is substantially rectangular.
- the multimode optical waveguide 42 has an axis 52 extending in the light propagation direction in parallel with one side of the rectangle.
- the multi-mode optical waveguide 42 includes a first optical waveguide section 128 disposed between the first optical fiber 44 and the second optical fiber 46 and the first-stage optical filter 124, and a first-stage optical waveguide section 124.
- a second optical waveguide section 130 disposed between the optical filter 124 and the second-stage optical filter 126;
- the third optical waveguide portion 132 disposed between the optical filter 126 and the mirror 122 is included.
- the multimode optical waveguide 42 has a core 42a and a clad 42b formed on a Si substrate (not shown) in a stacked manner, and the core 42a and the clad 42b are preferably formed of a polymer.
- the first-stage optical filter 124 and the second-stage optical filter 126 are preferably formed of a dielectric multilayer film.
- the first-stage optical filter 124 transmits a light having a wavelength of 1.31 m band and a wavelength of 1.49 m band and reflects light having a wavelength of 1.55 m band.
- Filter or BBF (Band Blocking Filter).
- the second-stage optical filter 126 is an SPF or BBF that transmits light having a wavelength of 1.31 m and reflects light having a wavelength of 1.49 m. That is, the second-stage optical filter 126 transmits light having a wavelength of 1.49 ⁇ m that passes through all of the optical filters closer to the first optical fiber 44 and the second optical fiber 46. reflect.
- L51 is the longest distance from the junction 58 between the first optical fiber 44 and the second optical fiber 46 and the multimode optical waveguide 42 to the equivalent reflection center plane 1 34 of the first-stage optical filter. It is preferable that the interference length is 1Z2 at the wavelength of light (1.55 m). Further, the distance L52 from the junction position 58 to the equivalent reflection center plane 136 of the second-stage optical filter is preferably 1Z2 which is an interference length of the intermediate wavelength of light (1.49 m). Good.
- the reflection center planes 134 and 136 of the first-stage optical filter 124 and the second-stage optical filter 126 are preferably within a range of 90 ⁇ 5 degrees with respect to the axis 52.
- the mirror 122 is preferably formed of a dielectric multilayer film, but any material can be used as long as it can reflect light having the shortest wavelength (1.31 ⁇ m), and an optical filter may be used.
- the distance L53 from the junction position 58 to the equivalent reflection center plane 138 of the mirror 122 is preferably 1Z2 which is the interference length of the shortest wavelength of light (1.31 m).
- the reflection center plane 138 of the mirror 122 is preferably within a range of 90 ⁇ 5 degrees with respect to the axis 52.
- optical filters 124 and 126 and the mirror 122 are preferably attached to the grooves 140 and 142, end portions or step portions 144, etc., which are provided in the multimode optical waveguide 42, and are optical filter installation means.
- the operation of the MMI type light reflector that is the fifth embodiment of the light reflector according to the present invention will be described.
- the light having a wavelength of 1.55 m is incident on the multimode optical waveguide 42 from the first optical fiber 44, the light is reflected by the first-stage optical filter 124 and returned to the second optical fiber 46. It is transmitted to.
- the light having a wavelength of 1.49 m is incident on the multi-mode optical waveguide 42 from the first optical fiber 44, the light passes through the first-stage optical filter 124 and the second-stage optical filter 126. Then, the light is reflected and returned, passes through the first-stage optical filter 124 again, and propagates to the second optical fiber 46.
- the above-described MMI-type optical reflector 120 supports length L51 corresponding to light having a wavelength of 1.55 m and length L52 corresponding to light having a wavelength of 1.49 m and light having a wavelength of 1.31 m.
- the length L5 3 to be determined can be determined independently. Therefore, the core shapes (width and length) of the first to third optical waveguide portions 128, 130, and 132 can be determined so that the insertion loss in the light of each wavelength is minimized. As a result, the performance of optical wavelength division multiplexing communication can be improved.
- the first to fifth embodiments of the optical reflector according to the present invention described above are used for propagating a signal transmitted by one of two optical fibers arranged side by side to the other optical fiber. It can be used as a connection device.
- a single connecting optical fiber was used to connect to two powerful optical fibers.
- the radius of curvature of the connecting optical fiber cannot be reduced due to the structure of the optical fiber, a large space is required for the connecting optical fiber.
- the light reflector according to the present invention it is possible to connect the above optical fibers in a space-saving manner. is there.
- the desired wavelength is mainly reflected.
- a BBF Back Blocking Filter
- a BBF Band Blocking Filter
- the intensity of light of the selected wavelength among the light passing between the first light input / output means 14, 44, 84 and the second light input / output means 16, 46, 86 is increased. It is also possible to configure an optical power monitor that detects only the degree.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a rod lens type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer which is the first embodiment of the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer according to the present invention.
- a case will be described in which light having a wavelength of 1.55 m, light having a wavelength of 1.49 m, and light having a wavelength of 1.31 m are propagated.
- the mirror 18 of the rod lens type optical reflector 10 which is the first embodiment of the optical reflector according to the present invention is connected to the second-stage optical filter 206 (FIG. 6), the rod lens 12 is extended beyond the optical filter 206 in the second stage, and the third light input / output means 202 (see Fig. 6) is added to the extended rod lens 12.
- the same reference numerals are given to the same components and the description thereof is omitted.
- the rod lens type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 200 is a rod lens 12 that is a light propagation region, and a first light input / output means that is connected to one side of the rod lens 12.
- the first optical fiber 14 and the second optical fiber 16 as the second light input / output means 16 and the third light as the third light input / output means connected to the other side of the rod lens 12
- the first optical filter 20 and the second stage provided in the rod lens 12 between the fiber 202, the first optical fiber 14, the second optical fiber 16, and the third optical fiber 202.
- the optical filter 206 is provided.
- the rod lens 12 includes a first rod lens 24 disposed between the first optical fiber 14 and the second optical fiber 16 and the first-stage optical filter 20, and a first-stage optical filter. 20 and the second stage optical filter 206, a second rod lens 26 disposed between the second stage optical filter 206 and the second stage optical filter 20 3 and a third rod lens 21 disposed between the third optical fiber 202 and the third optical fiber 202.
- the first optical fiber 14 and the second optical fiber 16 and the first rod lens 24 and the joint position 28, and the 12 joint positions of the third rod lens 210 and the third optical fiber 202 are 33. If the length L13 is half the pitch, the light beam incident on one end 28 of the rod lens 12 from the first optical fiber 14 is condensed at the other end 34 of the rod lens 12 and is The light is preferably emitted to the third optical fiber 202.
- the first-stage optical filter 20 and the second-stage optical filter 206 are preferably formed of a dielectric multilayer film.
- the first-stage optical filter 20 transmits LPF (Long) which transmits light of wavelength 1.55 m band and light of wavelength 1.49 m band and reflects light of wavelength 1.31 m band. wavelength Pass Filter).
- the second-stage optical filter 206 is an LPF that transmits light with a wavelength of 1.55 ⁇ m and reflects light with a wavelength of 1.49 m.
- the operation of the rod lens type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 200 which is the first embodiment of the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer according to the present invention is such that light having a wavelength of 1.55 m enters the rod lens 12 from the first optical fiber 14.
- the first optical filter 20 and the second optical filter 206 are transmitted through the third optical fiber 202, and the second optical power is not the mirror 18 but the second optical power mirror 1.
- the operation is the same as that of the rod lens type light reflector 10, which is the first embodiment of the light reflector described above, except that it is reflected by the optical filter 206. Therefore, the description is omitted.
- propagation of one wavelength is added between the first optical fiber 14 or the second optical fiber 16 and the third optical fiber 202.
- the length L13 corresponding to light having a wavelength of 1.55 m and the length L12 corresponding to light having a wavelength of 1.49 m and the light having a wavelength of 1.31 m are used.
- the length L11 corresponding to can be determined independently. Accordingly, the shapes (diameter and length) of the first to third rod lenses 24, 26, and 210 can be determined so that the insertion loss in the light of each wavelength is minimized. As a result, the performance of optical wavelength division multiplexing communication can be improved.
- a three-wave multiplexing FTTH (ber to the home) can be suitably realized.
- ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4, ⁇ ⁇ ”— ⁇ International Telecommunication Union—Telecommunication standarization sector
- 1.31 m light is the upstream data signal
- 1.49 m light is the downstream data signal
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an MMI type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer that is a second embodiment of the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer according to the present invention.
- a case will be described in which light having a wavelength of 1.55 m, light having a wavelength of 1.49 m, and light having a wavelength of 1.31 m are propagated.
- the mirror 48 of the MMI-type optical reflector 40 which is the second embodiment of the optical reflector according to the present invention, is changed to a second-stage optical filter
- the MMI which is the second embodiment of the optical reflector according to the present invention, except that the light propagation region is extended beyond the second-stage optical filter and a third light input / output means is added to the extended light propagation region. It has the same configuration as the mold reflector. Therefore, the same reference numerals are given to the same components and the description thereof is omitted.
- the MMI type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 220 includes a multimode optical waveguide 42 that is an optical propagation region and a first optical input connected to one side of the multimode optical waveguide 42.
- a first single-mode optical waveguide 43 serving as an output means, a first optical fiber 44, a second single-mode optical waveguide 45 serving as a second optical input / output means, and a second optical fiber 46;
- Third mode which is a third optical input / output means connected to the other side of the multi-mode optical waveguide 42
- the first-stage optical filter 224 and the second-stage optical filter 226 provided in the
- the multi-mode optical waveguide 42 includes a first multi-mode optical waveguide section 54 disposed between the first single-mode optical waveguide 43 and the second single-mode optical waveguide 45 and the first-stage optical filter 224, and A second multimode optical waveguide section 56 disposed between the first stage optical filter 224 and the second stage optical filter 226, a second stage optical filter 226, and a third single mode optical waveguide 221.
- the third multimode optical waveguide section 230 is disposed between the two.
- the distance L23 is preferably 1Z2 of the interference period of the wavelength of transmitted light (1.55 m).
- the third single-mode optical waveguide 221 has a core 221a and a clad 221b formed on a Si substrate (not shown) together with the multi-mode optical waveguide 42, and the core 221a and the clad 221b.
- 22 lb is preferably formed of a polymer.
- the third optical fiber 222 has a core 222a and a clad 222b.
- the third optical fiber 222 is disposed substantially parallel to the axis 52 (within a range of ⁇ 5 degrees), and is fixed to the third single mode optical waveguide 221 with an adhesive or the like! RU
- the third single mode optical waveguide 221 may be omitted, and the multimode optical waveguide 230 and the third optical fiber 222 may be directly connected.
- connection means that other materials such as an adhesive, a refractive index adjusting agent, a filler, and an antireflection film may be interposed as long as an optically suitable bond is secured. . Spatial coupling is also possible.
- the first-stage optical filter 224 and the second-stage optical filter 226 are preferably formed of a dielectric multilayer film.
- the first-stage optical filter 224 transmits B BF (that transmits light having a wavelength of 1.55 / zm and light having a wavelength of 1.31 m and reflects light having a wavelength of 1.49 m. Band Blocking Filter).
- the second-stage optical filter 226 has a wavelength of 1.55 ⁇ m.
- LPF that reflects light in the 1.3: m band.
- the second stage filter 226 is preferably attached to the groove 66 in the same manner as the first stage filter 224.
- the operation of the MMI optical multiplexer / demultiplexer which is the second embodiment of the MMI type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer according to the present invention, is roughly the same as that of the first optical fiber 44.
- the light is incident on the multimode optical waveguide 42 through the single-mode optical waveguide 43 of the first stage, passes through the first-stage filter 224 and the second-stage filter 226, and passes through the third single-mode optical waveguide 221.
- the mirror 48 and the optical filter 50 are changed to the second-stage optical filter 226 and the first-stage optical filter 224, respectively.
- the operation is the same as that of the MMI-type light reflector 40 which is the second embodiment of the light reflector. Therefore, the description is omitted. As a result, the propagation of light of one wavelength is added between the first optical fiber 44 or the second optical fiber 46 and the third optical fiber 222.
- the MMI optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 220 can be operated in the same manner as the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 200 of the first embodiment, and can be applied to the same application.
- a length L23 corresponding to light having a wavelength of 1.55 m and a length L21 corresponding to light having a wavelength of 1.49 m and a light having a wavelength of 1.31 m are supported.
- the length L2 2 to be determined can be determined independently. Accordingly, the core shapes (width and length) of the first to third multimode optical waveguide portions 54, 56, and 230 may be determined so that the insertion loss is minimized for each wavelength of light. Is possible. As a result, the performance of optical wavelength division multiplexing communication can be improved.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic plan view of an MMI (Multi Mode Interference) type optical reflector that is a third embodiment of the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer according to the present invention.
- the MMI type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 240 of the present embodiment includes the first stage optical filter 224, the second stage optical filter 226, and the second stage optical filter 224 of the MMI type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 220 of the second embodiment described above.
- the optical waveguide unit 56 is integrally formed as the optical filter unit 242 and is described above.
- the second embodiment except that a groove 244, which is an optical filter installation means for receiving the optical filter unit 242, is provided instead of the groove 64 and the end or step portion 66, etc. of the second embodiment.
- This has the same configuration as the MMI type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 220. Therefore, the same components as those in the MMI type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 220 of the second embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.
- the operation of the MMI type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 240 which is the third embodiment of the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer according to the present invention, is the same as the operation of the MMI type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 220, which is the second embodiment described above. Therefore, the description is omitted.
- the MMI optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 240 can be operated in the same manner as the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 200 of the first embodiment, and can be applied to the same application.
- the length L23 corresponding to light having a wavelength of 1.55 m and the length L21 corresponding to light having a wavelength of 1.49 m and light having a wavelength of 1.31 m are supported.
- the length L2 2 to be determined can be determined independently. Accordingly, the core shapes (width and length) of the first to third multimode optical waveguide portions 54, 56, and 230 may be determined so that the insertion loss is minimized for each wavelength of light. Is possible. As a result, the performance of optical wavelength division multiplexing communication can be improved.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a directional optical coupler type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer which is a fourth embodiment of the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer according to the present invention.
- a case will be described in which light having a wavelength of 1.55 m, light having a wavelength of 1.49 m, and light having a wavelength of 1.31 m are propagated.
- the fourth embodiment of the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer according to the present invention includes two mirrors 88 (see FIG. 4) of the directional optical coupler type optical reflector 80, which is the fourth embodiment of the optical reflector according to the present invention.
- the optical filter is changed to the optical filter 268 at the second stage (see FIG. 9), the optical coupler 82 is extended beyond the optical filter 268 at the second stage, and the third optical waveguide 262 and the fourth optical waveguide 82 are connected to the extended optical coupler 82.
- the optical waveguide 264 is the same as the directional optical coupler reflector 80 except that the optical waveguide 264 is added. Therefore, the same reference numerals are given to the same components and the description thereof is omitted.
- the directional optical coupler type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 260 has a direction that is a light propagation region.
- a first-stage optical filter 266 and a second-stage optical filter 268 are provided in an optical coupler 82 between the waveguide 86 and the third optical waveguide 262 and the fourth optical waveguide 264.
- the first optical coupling path 94 is connected to the first optical waveguide 84 and the fourth optical waveguide 264
- the second optical coupling path 96 is connected to the second optical waveguide 86 and the third optical waveguide 262. It has been.
- the optical coupler 82 includes a first optical coupler unit 98 disposed between the first optical waveguide 84 and the second optical waveguide 86 and the first-stage optical filter 266, and the first-stage light
- the second optical coupler unit 100 disposed between the filter 266 and the second-stage optical filter 268, and the second optical coupler unit 268 disposed between the second-stage optical filter 268 and the third optical waveguide 262. Includes three optical coupler sections 270.
- the separation L43 is preferably a coupling length of the wavelength (1.55 m) of light transmitted through the two-stage optical filter.
- Each of the third optical waveguide 262 and the fourth optical waveguide 264 includes a core 82a and a clad 82b formed in a laminated manner on a Si substrate (not shown) integrally with the multimode optical waveguide 82. Yes.
- the first-stage optical filter 266 and the second-stage optical filter 268 are preferably formed of a dielectric multilayer film.
- the first-stage optical filter 266 transmits B BF (wavelength 1.55 / zm band light and wavelength 1.31 m band light and reflects wavelength 1.49 m band light.
- Band Blocking Filter The second-stage optical filter 268 is an LPF that transmits light with a wavelength of 1.55 ⁇ m and reflects light with a wavelength of 1.31 / z m.
- the operation of the directional optical coupler type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 260 according to the present invention is such that light having a wavelength of 1.55 / zm is incident on the optical coupler 82 from the first optical waveguide 84, and the first-stage optical filter 266 and 2nd stage Except that the second-stage optical filter 268 and the first-stage optical filter 266 are used instead of the mirror 88 and the optical filter 90, respectively.
- the operation is the same as that of the fourth embodiment 80 of the light reflector according to the present invention. Therefore, the description is omitted. As a result, propagation of one wavelength is added between the first optical waveguide 84 or the second optical waveguide 86 and the third optical waveguide 262.
- the directional optical coupler type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 260 can be operated in the same manner as the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 200 of the first embodiment, and can be applied to the same application.
- the length L43 corresponding to light having a wavelength of 1.55 m and the length L41 corresponding to light having a wavelength of 1.49 m and a wavelength of 1.31 are used.
- the length L42 corresponding to m light can be determined independently. Therefore, it is also possible to determine the shapes (width, length, etc.) of the first to third optical couplers 98, 100, 270 so that the insertion loss is minimized for each wavelength of light. It is. Thereby, the performance of optical wavelength division multiplexing communication can be improved.
- optical waveguide type directional optical coupler has been described above.
- two optical fibers are fused and stretched to form a directional optical coupler.
- the same operation can be realized by inserting a stage optical filter.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an MMI type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer that is a fifth embodiment of the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer according to the present invention.
- a case where light having a wavelength of 1.65 m, light having a wavelength of 1.55 m, light having a wavelength of 1.49 ⁇ m, and light having a wavelength of 1.31 m is propagated will be described. To do.
- the mirror 122 of the MMI-type optical reflector 120 which is the fifth embodiment of the optical reflector according to the present invention, is added to the third stage optical filter 288 (FIG. 10). Except that the light propagation area is extended beyond the third stage optical filter 288, and a third light input / output means is added to the extended light propagation area.
- This has the same configuration as the MMI reflector according to the fifth embodiment. Therefore, the same reference numerals are given to the same components and the description thereof is omitted.
- the MMI type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 280 is a multimode optical device that is an optical propagation region.
- the first-stage optical filter 284, the second-stage optical filter 286, and the third-stage optical filter 288 are provided.
- the multimode optical waveguide 42 includes a first multimode optical waveguide unit 128 disposed between the first single mode optical waveguide 43 and the second single mode optical waveguide 45 and the first-stage optical filter 284, and A second multi-mode optical waveguide section 130 disposed between the first-stage optical filter 284 and the second-stage optical filter 286; the second-stage optical filter 130; and the third-stage optical filter 132; A third multimode optical waveguide section 132 disposed between the third multimode optical waveguide section 132 and a fourth multimode optical waveguide section 290 disposed between the third-stage optical filter 288 and the third single mode optical waveguide 281. Including.
- the distance L54 is preferably 1Z2 having an interference period of the wavelength of transmitted light (1.65 ⁇ m).
- the third single-mode optical waveguide 281 has a core 281a and a clad 281b formed on a Si substrate (not shown) together with the multi-mode optical waveguide 42, and the core 281a and the clad 28 lb are It is preferably formed of a polymer.
- the third optical fiber 282 has a core 282a and a clad 282b.
- the third optical fiber 282 is disposed substantially parallel to the axis 52 (within a range of ⁇ 5 degrees), and is fixed to the third single mode optical waveguide 281 with an adhesive or the like.
- the third single mode optical waveguide 281 may be omitted, and the fourth optical waveguide portion 290 and the third optical fiber 282 may be directly connected.
- connection means that an adhesive, a refractive index adjusting agent, a filler, an antireflection coating can be used as long as an optically suitable bond is secured. Other substances such as a stop film may be interposed. Spatial coupling is also possible.
- the first-stage optical filter 284, the second-stage optical filter 286, and the third-stage optical filter 288 are preferably formed of a dielectric multilayer film.
- the first-stage optical filter 284 transmits light having a wavelength of 1.65 m, light having a wavelength of 1.49 m, and light having a wavelength of 1.31 m and having a wavelength of 1.55 ⁇ m.
- BBF Band Block Filter
- the second-stage optical filter 286 is a BBF that transmits light having a wavelength of 1.65 m and light having a wavelength of 1.31 m and reflecting light having a wavelength of 1.49 / z m.
- the third-stage optical filter 288 is an LPF that transmits light having a wavelength of 1.65 m and reflects light having a wavelength of 1.31 m.
- the third optical filter 288 is preferably installed in the groove 144 or the like.
- the operation of the MMI type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 280 according to the present invention is roughly as follows.
- Light of wavelength 1.65 / zm is transmitted through the first single-mode optical waveguide 43 through the first single-mode optical waveguide 43.
- the third optical fiber 282 is incident on the waveguide 42, passes through the first-stage optical filter 284, the second-stage optical filter 286, and the third-stage optical filter 288 and passes through the third single-mode optical waveguide 281.
- the optical filters 284, 286, 288 are used instead of the mirror 122 and the optical filters 124, 126 (see FIG. 5).
- the operation is the same. Therefore, the description is omitted.
- propagation of one wavelength between the first optical fiber 44 or the second optical fiber 46 and the third optical fiber 282 is added.
- the length L54 corresponding to the light of wavelength 1.65 m, the length L51 corresponding to the light of wavelength 1.55 m, and the light of the wavelength 1.49 m can be determined independently. Therefore, the core shapes (width and length) of the first to fourth multimode optical waveguide sections 128, 130, 132, and 290 are determined so that the insertion loss is minimized for each wavelength of light. It is also possible to do. As a result, the performance of optical wavelength division multiplexing communication can be improved.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an MMI type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer which is a sixth embodiment of the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer according to the present invention.
- the MMI type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 300 according to the sixth embodiment has almost the same configuration as the MMI type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 220 according to the second embodiment described above. The only difference is that the optical coupler section 98 is offset in the direction perpendicular to the light propagation direction with respect to the other optical coupler sections.
- the axis line 54a of the first multimode optical waveguide section 54 has a first axis with respect to the axis line 52 of the other multimode optical waveguide section, that is, the second and third multimode optical waveguide sections 56 and 230. It is offset laterally by the distance DO on the single mode optical waveguide 43 side. Therefore, the same reference numerals are given to the same components and the description thereof is omitted.
- the widths of the first to third multimode optical waveguide portions 54, 56, and 230 are indicated by Wl, W2, and W3, respectively, and the first to third multimode optical waveguide portions 42 at the junction position with the multimode optical waveguide portion 42 are indicated.
- Dl, D2 and D3 indicate the distances in the width direction between the axes of the three single mode optical waveguides 43, 45 and 221 and the axes 52 of the second and third multimode optical waveguide sections 56 and 230, respectively.
- the widths of the first to third single mode optical waveguides 43, 45, and 221 at the joint position with the multimode optical waveguide portion 42 are indicated by WS1, WS2, and WS3, respectively.
- the operation of the MMI type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 300 according to the sixth embodiment is the same as that of the MMI type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 220 according to the second embodiment, and thus the description thereof is omitted.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a directional optical coupler type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer which is a seventh embodiment of the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer according to the present invention.
- the directional optical coupler type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 310 according to the seventh embodiment has substantially the same configuration as the directional optical coupler type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 260 according to the fourth embodiment described above. The only difference is that the first optical coupler section 98 is offset with respect to the other optical coupler sections in a direction perpendicular to the light propagation direction.
- the axis 98a of the first optical coupler unit 98 is the first optical waveguide with respect to the other optical coupler units, that is, the axis 92 of the second and third optical coupler units 100 and 270. It is offset laterally on the 84 side. Therefore, the same reference numerals are given to the same components and the description thereof is omitted.
- optical coupler type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 310 The operation of the optical coupler type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 310 according to the seventh embodiment is the same as that of the fourth embodiment. Since this is the same as that of the optical coupler type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 260, the description thereof is omitted.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a rod lens type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer which is an eighth embodiment of the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer according to the present invention.
- the rod lens type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 320 according to the eighth embodiment has substantially the same configuration as the rod lens type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 200 according to the first embodiment described above. The only difference is that one rod lens 24 is offset in the direction perpendicular to the light propagation direction with respect to the other rod lenses.
- the axis 24a of the first rod lens 24 is transverse to the first optical fiber 14 side with respect to the axis 22 of the other rod lenses, that is, the second and third rod lenses 26 and 210. Is offset. Therefore, the same reference numerals are given to the same components and the description thereof is omitted.
- the operation of the rod lens type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 320 according to the eighth embodiment is the same as that of the optical coupler type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 200 according to the fourth embodiment, and therefore the description thereof is omitted.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of an MMI type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer which is a ninth embodiment of the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer according to the present invention.
- the MMI type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 330 according to the ninth embodiment has substantially the same configuration as the MMI type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 300 according to the sixth embodiment described above.
- the widths of the first and third single mode optical waveguides 43 and 45 at the junction position 58 with the wave path portion 42 are different. Therefore, the same reference numerals are given to the same components and the description thereof is omitted.
- the operation of the MMI type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 330 according to the ninth embodiment is the same as that of the MMI type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 300 according to the sixth embodiment, and the description thereof is omitted.
- the width perpendicular to the light traveling direction of the first single-mode optical waveguide 43 of the MMI type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 330 is WS la at the junction with the optical fiber 44 and is directed to the multimode optical waveguide section 42. It becomes larger by force, and is WSlb at the junction position 58 with the multimode optical waveguide section 42.
- the optical waveguide 43 may be a multimode optical waveguide in which a plurality of modes are excited, not necessarily a single mode in which only the fundamental mode is excited, depending on the width WS lb.
- each single mode optical waveguide or multimode optical waveguide 43, 45, 221 optically connected to the multimode optical waveguide 42 are changed. Accordingly, it is possible to improve the light propagation or coupling efficiency between each single mode optical waveguide 43, 45, 221 and the multimode optical waveguide 42.
- the optical waveguide excess loss was measured for the MMI type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 220 which is the second embodiment of the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer of the present invention shown in FIG.
- the optical waveguide excess loss is 0.2 dB. there were.
- light having a wavelength of 1.31 m was transmitted from the second optical fiber 46 through the first-stage optical filter 224, reflected by the second-stage optical filter 226, and propagated to the first optical fiber 44. At that time, the optical waveguide excess loss was -0.7 dB.
- the optical waveguide excess loss was measured.
- both the light of wavelength 1.49 m and the light of wavelength 1.31 m were reflected by the first stage optical filter, and the light of wavelength 1.55 m was transmitted through the first stage optical filter.
- the optical waveguide excess loss is ⁇ 0 It was 5dB.
- the optical waveguide excess loss is 0. It was 8dB.
- the excess loss of the optical waveguide when light of wavelength 1.55 / zm is transmitted from the first optical fiber 44 through the first-stage optical filter 224 and propagated to the third optical fiber 222 is: It was 0.9 dB.
- the first-stage optical finer 224 reflects light having a wavelength of 1. 48 111 to 1.50 m, and 1.26 / zm force to 1.36 111 and 1.55 111 to 1.5.56.
- BBF that transmits light with a wavelength of m
- light having a wavelength of 1.36 m is incident from the second light input / output means 45 and 46 and propagated to the first light input / output means 43 and 44.
- the MMI type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 300 is manufactured as described below.
- a V-shaped groove for mounting an optical fiber was processed on a Si substrate, and a SiO film was formed on the top surface of the substrate.
- spin coating is applied to fluorinated polyimide as the cladding material.
- the lower clad layer was formed by ing. Subsequently, a core layer was formed by spin-coating fluorinated polyimides having different degrees of fluorine polymerization used as a core material on the lower clad layer.
- the optical waveguides 42, 43, 45, and 221 were patterned by photolithography and reactive ion etching.
- the first and second single-mode optical waveguides 43 and 45 were patterned so as to have an S-shaped curved shape, and the third single-mode optical waveguide 221 had a linear shape.
- an upper clad layer was formed so as to cover the core layer by spin coating fluorinated polyimide for the clad.
- the relative refractive index difference between the core layer and the cladding layer was 0.4%, and the thickness of the core layer was 6.5 m.
- two grooves 64 and 66 for installing the first-stage and second-stage optical filters 224 and 226 were processed by Daishinda Kaye.
- the two grooves 64, 66 are Parallel to each other and perpendicular to the axis 52.
- the above processing was performed simultaneously for a plurality of optical multiplexers / demultiplexers 300 on one Si substrate.
- the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 300 was cut into individual pieces.
- the Si substrate extends to both sides of the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 300 in the direction of the axis 52, and one of the extension portions has a V-shape for mounting the first and second optical fibers 44 and 46.
- a groove having a cross section is disposed, and a groove having a V-shaped cross section for mounting the third optical fiber 222 is disposed in the other extension portion.
- the cores 44a, 46a, and 222a of the optical fibers 44, 46, and 222 have a single-mode optical waveguide 43, 45, and 22a, respectively. Configured to align with 221a, enabling passive mounting.
- the first and second stage optical filters 224 and 226 are inserted into the two grooves 64 and 66, respectively, and fixed with adhesive, and the optical fibers 43, 45, and 221 are passively mounted in the V-shaped grooves. Fixed them with glue
- Table 1 shows the results of optical characteristics evaluation of the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 300.
- the first optical input / output means 43, 44 is represented by C port
- the second optical input / output means 45, 46 is represented by O port
- the third optical input / output means is represented by V port.
- light with a wavelength of 1.31 m is propagated from the O port to the C port
- light with a wavelength of 1.49 m is propagated from the C port to the O port and has a wavelength of 1.55 / zm.
- Light propagates from the C port to the V port.
- the incident light is not 100% propagated as such (insertion loss), leaks to other ports (crosstalk), and returns to the incident port (reflection loss).
- design values and measured values of the light intensity emitted from the right port relative to the light intensity incident from the left port listed in the port column are used for insertion loss, crosstalk and reflection. It is divided into attenuation amounts and shown in decibels.
- the design value is the result of 3D BPM (beam propagation method) calculation experiment, the measured value of collimated light of the optical filter, and the propagation loss caused by the material measured separately 0.3 to 0.5 dBZcm between the optical fiber and the single mode light This is a value obtained by taking into account the typical coupling loss with the waveguide.
- the insertion loss has a larger decibel value! /, That is, the absolute value of the decibel value is smaller! /.
- the preferred crosstalk and return loss are the smaller the decibel value, that is, the decibel value. It is preferable that the absolute value of As shown in Table 1, in the measured values, the absolute value of insertion loss is 1.5 dB or less, the absolute value of crosstalk is 29 dB or more, and the absolute value of return loss is 35 dB or more. It was.
- the fabricated MMI type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer can be suitably used for the access system.
- the C port is connected to the station side
- the O port is connected to the ONU (Optical Network Unit) side
- the V port is connected to the V (Video) —ONU side.
- the MMI type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer made by connecting the C port to the home side, the O port to the OLT (Optica 1 Line Terminator) side, and the V port to the V (Video) —OLT side. It can be suitably used as an optical multiplexer / demultiplexer.
- the offset amount DO is set to 0 ⁇ m and 0.85.
- the return loss is 26 dB.
- the return loss is 36 dB, and when the offset amount DO is 0 m.
- the absolute value of the return loss could be increased.
- An example of the MMI type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 330, which is the ninth embodiment of the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer shown in FIG. 14, will be described.
- the first-stage optical finer 224 reflects light with a wavelength of 1.48 111 to 1.50 m, 1.26 m force to 1.36 111 and 1.55 111 to 1.56 m.
- BBF that transmits the light of the second stage, the second stage of the optical filter 226 ⁇ , 1.26 111 etc. 1. Reflects light of 36 m wavelength 1.55 / zm force etc. 1.56 m wavelength light LPF was used. 1. 26 m force, etc. 1.
- Light of 36 m wavelength enters from the second light input / output means 45, 46 and is transmitted to the first light input / output means 43, 44. 1.48 111 Light having a wavelength of 50 m entered from the first light input / output means 43 and 44 and propagated to the second light input / output means 45 and 46. 1. Light with a wavelength of 55 / zm 1.56 / zm was incident from the first light input / output means 43, 44 and propagated to the third light input / output means 221, 222.
- FIG. 15 is a graph showing the wavelength dependence of the return loss of the MMI optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 330 having the above dimensions.
- the return loss shown in FIG. 15 is obtained when light having a wavelength of 1.26 / ⁇ to 1.36 / zm is incident from the second light input / output means 45 and 46 and propagated to the first light input / output means. This is the ratio of the amount of light returning to the second light input / output means 45, 46 to the amount of incident light.
- the first to third multimode optical waveguides 54, 56, 230 have a width Wl, W2, W3 force of 0 ⁇ m, and the width Wl, W2, W3 force of 17 ⁇ m and correspondingly Comparison was made with another example in which the lengths L21, L22, and L23 were adjusted. As shown in Fig. 15, the return loss of light with a wavelength of 1.26 / ⁇ to 1.36 m could be reduced by increasing the widths Wl, W2, and W3. Also, the wavelength dependence of return loss could be reduced.
- the distance between the first-stage optical filter 224 and the second-stage optical filter 226 can be increased, so that the optical filters 224 and 226 can be easily mounted. Met.
- the width WSlb of the first single-mode optical waveguide 43 at the portion optically connected to the multi-mode optical waveguide 42 is 10.6 ⁇ m, and the second single-mode optical waveguide 45
- the above example in which the width WS2 was 6. was compared with another example in which the width WSlb and WS2 were both 6.
- the light enters from the second light input / output means 45, 46 and propagates to the first light input / output means 43, 44. 1. 2 6 to 1. 36 m It was possible to reduce the excess loss of light having a wavelength of.
- both the light having the wavelength of 1.49 111 and the light having the wavelength of 1.31 m are both propagated to the second light input / output means.
- Both long light beams may be transmitted from the second light input / output means to the first light in the opposite direction to the first light input means, or both wavelengths of light may be transmitted to the first light input / output means and the first light input / output means.
- the two light input / output means may be propagated in the opposite directions, or the propagation directions of the light of both wavelengths may change with the passage of time.
- the optical filter is attached to the optical filter installation means such as the groove.
- the present invention is not limited to this and is actually distributed as a product. Even if the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer force is an optical system from which the optical filter is removed, an optical multiplexer / demultiplexer according to the present invention is also within the scope of the present invention by attaching the optical filter.
- LPF Long wavelength Pass Filter
- B BF Band Blocking Filter
- SPF Short wavelength Pass Filter
- BPF Band Pass Filter
- optical wavelength multiplexing communication of three wavelengths using one optical filter of three stages is shown. Do optical wavelength division multiplexing of four or more wavelengths using filters.
- the mirror and the optical filter may be installed in the groove, the end, or the step, or between the light propagation regions formed separately so as to act as a light reflector or an optical multiplexer / demultiplexer. It may be installed by pinching and joining.
- the light propagation region is a rod lens, a multimode optical waveguide, or a directional optical coupler.
- the light propagation region is a condensing element such as a Fresnel lens. It may be a child, a grating (diffraction grating), or a Mach-Zender interferometer.
- the case where each part of the light propagation region divided by the optical filter or the mirror is formed of the same material has been described.
- at least the first rod lens 24 or the first optical waveguide is described.
- the other portions of the light propagation region may be formed of different materials as long as the portions 54 and 128 generate a light intensity distribution according to the wavelength of the propagating light.
- the second rod lens 26 may be air or the like instead of the rod lens, or the optical reflector and optical multiplexer / demultiplexer according to the present invention.
- the second optical waveguide portion 56 may be air or the like instead of the multimode optical waveguide.
- the second optical waveguide section 130 and the Z or the third optical waveguide section 132 are not made of a multimode optical waveguide but air or the like. It is good.
- a part or all of the above-described optical fiber may be replaced with an optical waveguide, or a part or all of the optical waveguide may be replaced with one optical fiber. Also, if the optical waveguide and optical fiber are connected, you can omit the deviation! /.
- the incident-side optical fiber 1 may be replaced with a light-emitting element with a corresponding wavelength, or the output-side optical fiber 1 may be replaced with a light-receiving element with a corresponding wavelength.
- the positions at which the first to third light input / output means 14, 43, 84, etc. are arranged with respect to the light propagation regions 12, 42, 82 are in accordance with the wavelength, the dimensions of the light propagation region, and the like. Preferably, it is defined. Also, the shape, size, relative position, etc. of each region of the light propagation region (for example, the first to third multimode optical waveguide portions 54, 56, 230) and each of the optical input / output means are not limited to insertion loss, crosstalk, and so on. It is preferable to be determined according to the design of the return loss.
- the first light propagation region portion (multimode optical waveguide portion 54, optical coupler portion 98, rod lens 24) is replaced with another light propagation region. May be offset laterally with respect to this portion, or all light propagation region portions may be offset from each other. Further, for example, the widths WS1, WS2, WS3, WSla, WSlb of the single mode optical waveguides 43, 45, 221 may be different from each other. In the ninth embodiment, although WSlb is larger than WSla, the first single mode optical waveguide 43 and the multimode If the coupling of light with the optical waveguide section 42 is improved, WSlb should be smaller than WSla.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a rod lens type light reflector that is a first embodiment of a light reflector according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of an MMI type light reflector that is a second embodiment of the light reflector according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of an MMI-type light reflector that is a third embodiment of the light reflector according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view of a directional optical coupler type light reflector that is a fourth embodiment of the light reflector according to the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic plan view of an MMI type light reflector that is a fifth embodiment of the light reflector according to the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a rod lens type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer which is a first embodiment of an optical multiplexer / demultiplexer according to the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic plan view of an MMI type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer that is a second embodiment of the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer according to the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic plan view of an MMI type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer which is a third embodiment of the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer according to the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic plan view of a directional optical coupler type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer which is a fourth embodiment of the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer according to the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic plan view of an MMI type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer that is a fifth embodiment of the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer according to the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic plan view of an MMI type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer that is a sixth embodiment of the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer according to the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic plan view of a directional optical coupler type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer which is a seventh embodiment of the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer according to the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a rod lens type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer that is an eighth embodiment of the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer according to the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of an MMI type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer which is a ninth embodiment of the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer according to the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a graph showing the return loss of the MMI type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer according to the ninth embodiment.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic plan view of a conventional linear optical waveguide type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer.
- FIG. 17 is a schematic plan view of a conventional multimode optical waveguide type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer.
- FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of a conventional rod lens type optical multiplexer / demultiplexer.
Abstract
Description
Claims
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JP2006545061A JPWO2006051981A1 (ja) | 2004-11-15 | 2005-11-15 | 光反射器、光合分波器及び光システム |
CN2005800426573A CN101076749B (zh) | 2004-11-15 | 2005-11-15 | 光反射器、光合分波器以及光系统 |
US11/748,697 US7577328B2 (en) | 2004-11-15 | 2007-05-15 | Optical reflector, optical system and optical multiplexer/demultiplexer device |
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US11/748,697 Continuation US7577328B2 (en) | 2004-11-15 | 2007-05-15 | Optical reflector, optical system and optical multiplexer/demultiplexer device |
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US20160246015A1 (en) * | 2013-05-15 | 2016-08-25 | Commscope, Inc. Of North Carolina | Multiple-beam microlen |
US9325445B2 (en) * | 2013-10-18 | 2016-04-26 | Avago Technologies General Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. | Demultiplexing device for opto-electronic transceiver |
US9176280B2 (en) * | 2013-10-21 | 2015-11-03 | Oracle International Corporation | Optical reflector based on a directional coupler and a coupled optical loop |
CN107272116B (zh) * | 2017-08-16 | 2024-01-05 | 深圳大学 | 一种回音壁模式谐振器及其制备方法 |
US10247969B1 (en) | 2018-06-21 | 2019-04-02 | PsiQuantum Corp. | Photon sources with multiple cavities for generation of individual photons |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20070230868A1 (en) | 2007-10-04 |
JPWO2006051981A1 (ja) | 2008-05-29 |
TW200619712A (en) | 2006-06-16 |
CN101076749B (zh) | 2011-05-04 |
US7577328B2 (en) | 2009-08-18 |
CN101076749A (zh) | 2007-11-21 |
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