WO2006039685A2 - Methods for synthesis of chiral intermediates of carotenoids, carotenoid analogs, and carotenoid derivatives - Google Patents
Methods for synthesis of chiral intermediates of carotenoids, carotenoid analogs, and carotenoid derivatives Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006039685A2 WO2006039685A2 PCT/US2005/035599 US2005035599W WO2006039685A2 WO 2006039685 A2 WO2006039685 A2 WO 2006039685A2 US 2005035599 W US2005035599 W US 2005035599W WO 2006039685 A2 WO2006039685 A2 WO 2006039685A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- optically active
- compound
- alkyl
- aryl
- chiral catalyst
- Prior art date
Links
- 0 CC(C)(C[C@]1O)C(C#C*)=C(C)C1=O Chemical compound CC(C)(C[C@]1O)C(C#C*)=C(C)C1=O 0.000 description 9
- AYJXHIDNNLJQDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)(CC(C=C1C)=O)C1=O Chemical compound CC(C)(CC(C=C1C)=O)C1=O AYJXHIDNNLJQDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RLDREDRZMOWDOA-QMMMGPOBSA-N CC(C)(CC(C=C1C)=O)[C@H]1O Chemical compound CC(C)(CC(C=C1C)=O)[C@H]1O RLDREDRZMOWDOA-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BXEKBHUPSFMDHV-ZETCQYMHSA-N CC(C)(C[C@@H](C(OC)=C1C)O)C1=O Chemical compound CC(C)(C[C@@H](C(OC)=C1C)O)C1=O BXEKBHUPSFMDHV-ZETCQYMHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BUEWMEVTCGRCPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)(CC(C(O)=C1C)=O)C1OC Chemical compound CC(C)(CC(C(O)=C1C)=O)C1OC BUEWMEVTCGRCPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATEVRAIEOLFIJD-UHFFFAOYSA-O CC(C)(CC(C(OC)=C1C)=O)C1=[OH+] Chemical compound CC(C)(CC(C(OC)=C1C)=O)C1=[OH+] ATEVRAIEOLFIJD-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- XNMQNTGJBBMQIX-QMMMGPOBSA-N CC(C)(O[C@H]1CC2(C)C)OC1=C(C)C2=O Chemical compound CC(C)(O[C@H]1CC2(C)C)OC1=C(C)C2=O XNMQNTGJBBMQIX-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HFPZCAJZSCWRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)c1ccc(C)cc1 Chemical compound CC(C)c1ccc(C)cc1 HFPZCAJZSCWRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VOFRQXZPJRQJIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1(C(C(C)(C)C2)=O)OC1C2=O Chemical compound CC1(C(C(C)(C)C2)=O)OC1C2=O VOFRQXZPJRQJIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LRNZJXIWQWABIK-QYFCVKOUSA-N CC1(C)COC(/C(/C)=C/C=C/C=C(\C)/C=O)OC1 Chemical compound CC1(C)COC(/C(/C)=C/C=C/C=C(\C)/C=O)OC1 LRNZJXIWQWABIK-QYFCVKOUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VKFMOZPLJUSLLU-GQCTYLIASA-N CCOC(/C(/C)=C/CBr)=O Chemical compound CCOC(/C(/C)=C/CBr)=O VKFMOZPLJUSLLU-GQCTYLIASA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C403/00—Derivatives of cyclohexane or of a cyclohexene or of cyclohexadiene, having a side-chain containing an acyclic unsaturated part of at least four carbon atoms, this part being directly attached to the cyclohexane or cyclohexene or cyclohexadiene rings, e.g. vitamin A, beta-carotene, beta-ionone
- C07C403/24—Derivatives of cyclohexane or of a cyclohexene or of cyclohexadiene, having a side-chain containing an acyclic unsaturated part of at least four carbon atoms, this part being directly attached to the cyclohexane or cyclohexene or cyclohexadiene rings, e.g. vitamin A, beta-carotene, beta-ionone having side-chains substituted by six-membered non-aromatic rings, e.g. beta-carotene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/132—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group
- C07C29/136—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH
- C07C29/143—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of ketones
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C403/00—Derivatives of cyclohexane or of a cyclohexene or of cyclohexadiene, having a side-chain containing an acyclic unsaturated part of at least four carbon atoms, this part being directly attached to the cyclohexane or cyclohexene or cyclohexadiene rings, e.g. vitamin A, beta-carotene, beta-ionone
- C07C403/06—Derivatives of cyclohexane or of a cyclohexene or of cyclohexadiene, having a side-chain containing an acyclic unsaturated part of at least four carbon atoms, this part being directly attached to the cyclohexane or cyclohexene or cyclohexadiene rings, e.g. vitamin A, beta-carotene, beta-ionone having side-chains substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms
- C07C403/08—Derivatives of cyclohexane or of a cyclohexene or of cyclohexadiene, having a side-chain containing an acyclic unsaturated part of at least four carbon atoms, this part being directly attached to the cyclohexane or cyclohexene or cyclohexadiene rings, e.g. vitamin A, beta-carotene, beta-ionone having side-chains substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms by hydroxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/27—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation
- C07C45/29—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation of hydroxy groups
- C07C45/298—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation of hydroxy groups with manganese derivatives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/51—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by pyrolysis, rearrangement or decomposition
- C07C45/511—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by pyrolysis, rearrangement or decomposition involving transformation of singly bound oxygen functional groups to >C = O groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/61—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/61—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups
- C07C45/64—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by introduction of functional groups containing oxygen only in singly bound form
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/61—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups
- C07C45/67—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton
- C07C45/673—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by change of size of the carbon skeleton
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/61—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups
- C07C45/67—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton
- C07C45/68—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms
- C07C45/70—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms by reaction with functional groups containing oxygen only in singly bound form
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/61—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups
- C07C45/67—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton
- C07C45/68—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms
- C07C45/70—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms by reaction with functional groups containing oxygen only in singly bound form
- C07C45/71—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms by reaction with functional groups containing oxygen only in singly bound form being hydroxy groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C47/00—Compounds having —CHO groups
- C07C47/20—Unsaturated compounds having —CHO groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C47/21—Unsaturated compounds having —CHO groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with only carbon-to-carbon double bonds as unsaturation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C49/00—Ketones; Ketenes; Dimeric ketenes; Ketonic chelates
- C07C49/587—Unsaturated compounds containing a keto groups being part of a ring
- C07C49/703—Unsaturated compounds containing a keto groups being part of a ring containing hydroxy groups
- C07C49/713—Unsaturated compounds containing a keto groups being part of a ring containing hydroxy groups a keto group being part of a six-membered ring
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C49/00—Ketones; Ketenes; Dimeric ketenes; Ketonic chelates
- C07C49/587—Unsaturated compounds containing a keto groups being part of a ring
- C07C49/753—Unsaturated compounds containing a keto groups being part of a ring containing ether groups, groups, groups, or groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D319/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D319/04—1,3-Dioxanes; Hydrogenated 1,3-dioxanes
- C07D319/06—1,3-Dioxanes; Hydrogenated 1,3-dioxanes not condensed with other rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic System
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/18—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages as well as one or more C—O—Si linkages
- C07F7/1804—Compounds having Si-O-C linkages
- C07F7/1872—Preparation; Treatments not provided for in C07F7/20
- C07F7/188—Preparation; Treatments not provided for in C07F7/20 by reactions involving the formation of Si-O linkages
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic System
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/18—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages as well as one or more C—O—Si linkages
- C07F7/1804—Compounds having Si-O-C linkages
- C07F7/1872—Preparation; Treatments not provided for in C07F7/20
- C07F7/1892—Preparation; Treatments not provided for in C07F7/20 by reactions not provided for in C07F7/1876 - C07F7/1888
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- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic System
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/06—Phosphorus compounds without P—C bonds
- C07F9/08—Esters of oxyacids of phosphorus
- C07F9/09—Esters of phosphoric acids
- C07F9/113—Esters of phosphoric acids with unsaturated acyclic alcohols
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- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic System
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
- C07F9/54—Quaternary phosphonium compounds
- C07F9/5442—Aromatic phosphonium compounds (P-C aromatic linkage)
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P23/00—Preparation of compounds containing a cyclohexene ring having an unsaturated side chain containing at least ten carbon atoms bound by conjugated double bonds, e.g. carotenes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
- C07B2200/07—Optical isomers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
- C07B2200/09—Geometrical isomers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
- C07C2601/12—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring
- C07C2601/16—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring the ring being unsaturated
Applications Claiming Priority (14)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US61503204P | 2004-10-01 | 2004-10-01 | |
US60/615,032 | 2004-10-01 | ||
US67595705P | 2005-04-29 | 2005-04-29 | |
US60/675,957 | 2005-04-29 | ||
US69151805P | 2005-06-17 | 2005-06-17 | |
US60/691,518 | 2005-06-17 | ||
US69268205P | 2005-06-21 | 2005-06-21 | |
US60/692,682 | 2005-06-21 | ||
US69965305P | 2005-07-15 | 2005-07-15 | |
US60/699,653 | 2005-07-15 | ||
US70238005P | 2005-07-26 | 2005-07-26 | |
US60/702,380 | 2005-07-26 | ||
US71235005P | 2005-08-30 | 2005-08-30 | |
US60/712,350 | 2005-08-30 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2006039685A2 true WO2006039685A2 (en) | 2006-04-13 |
WO2006039685A3 WO2006039685A3 (en) | 2007-01-04 |
Family
ID=36042942
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2005/035599 WO2006039685A2 (en) | 2004-10-01 | 2005-10-03 | Methods for synthesis of chiral intermediates of carotenoids, carotenoid analogs, and carotenoid derivatives |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
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US (8) | US7247752B2 (US20060178538A1-20060810-C00127.png) |
WO (1) | WO2006039685A2 (US20060178538A1-20060810-C00127.png) |
Cited By (16)
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WO2006119125A2 (en) * | 2005-04-29 | 2006-11-09 | Cardax Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Methods for synthesis of carotenoids, including analogs, derivatives, and synthetic and biological intermediates |
US7247752B2 (en) | 2004-10-01 | 2007-07-24 | Cardax Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Methods for the synthesis of astaxanthin |
WO2007147163A2 (en) * | 2006-06-16 | 2007-12-21 | Cardax Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Compositions comprising carotenoid analogs or derivatives and methods for synthesis |
WO2008116714A1 (de) * | 2007-03-28 | 2008-10-02 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur enantioselektiven herstellung von optisch aktiven 4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-cyclohex-2-enon-derivaten |
EP2130833A1 (en) | 2008-06-05 | 2009-12-09 | DSM IP Assets B.V. | Process for the preparation of zeacarotenes |
US7919527B2 (en) | 2002-02-25 | 2011-04-05 | Diffusion Pharmaceuticals Llc | Bipolar trans carotenoid salts and their uses |
US8030350B2 (en) | 2005-02-24 | 2011-10-04 | Diffusion Pharmaceuticals Llc | Trans carotenoids, their synthesis, formulation and uses |
US8206751B2 (en) | 2007-10-31 | 2012-06-26 | Diffusion Pharmaceuticals Llc | Class of therapeutics that enhance small molecule diffusion |
US8269027B2 (en) | 2002-02-25 | 2012-09-18 | Diffusion Pharmaceuticals Llc | Bipolar trans carotenoid salts and their uses |
CN105541573A (zh) * | 2016-01-19 | 2016-05-04 | 四川大学 | 一种制备2,6,11,15-四甲基-2,4,6,8,10,12,14-十六碳七烯二醛的方法 |
CN106795109A (zh) * | 2014-08-12 | 2017-05-31 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 用于由虾红素制备虾青素的方法 |
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WO2018114732A1 (en) | 2016-12-19 | 2018-06-28 | Basf Se | Process for preparing (4s)- or (4r)-3,4-dihydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-enone |
US10016384B2 (en) | 2010-06-02 | 2018-07-10 | Diffusion Pharmaceuticals Llc | Oral formulations of bipolar trans carotenoids |
US10130689B2 (en) | 2009-06-22 | 2018-11-20 | Diffusion Pharmaceuticals Llc | Diffusion enhancing compounds and their use alone or with thrombolytics |
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US20050059659A1 (en) * | 2002-07-29 | 2005-03-17 | Lockwood Samuel Fournier | Carotenoid analogs or derivatives for controlling C-reactive protein levels |
US20050148517A1 (en) * | 2002-07-29 | 2005-07-07 | Lockwood Samuel F. | Carotenoid ether analogs or derivatives for controlling connexin 43 expression |
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US7723327B2 (en) * | 2002-07-29 | 2010-05-25 | Cardax Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Carotenoid ester analogs or derivatives for the inhibition and amelioration of liver disease |
US20050049248A1 (en) * | 2002-07-29 | 2005-03-03 | Lockwood Samuel Fournier | Carotenoid ether analogs or derivatives for controlling C-reactive protein levels |
US20090099061A1 (en) * | 2006-01-27 | 2009-04-16 | Foss Bente J | Synthesis of carotenoid analogs or derivatives with improved antioxidant characteristics |
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Also Published As
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US20060167319A1 (en) | 2006-07-27 |
WO2006039685A3 (en) | 2007-01-04 |
US20060088904A1 (en) | 2006-04-27 |
US20060183947A1 (en) | 2006-08-17 |
US20060155150A1 (en) | 2006-07-13 |
US20060183185A1 (en) | 2006-08-17 |
US20060111580A1 (en) | 2006-05-25 |
US7247752B2 (en) | 2007-07-24 |
US20060088905A1 (en) | 2006-04-27 |
US20060178538A1 (en) | 2006-08-10 |
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