WO2006033426A1 - Systeme de pile a combustible, procede de detection des anomalies pour ce systeme et corps mobile - Google Patents

Systeme de pile a combustible, procede de detection des anomalies pour ce systeme et corps mobile Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006033426A1
WO2006033426A1 PCT/JP2005/017561 JP2005017561W WO2006033426A1 WO 2006033426 A1 WO2006033426 A1 WO 2006033426A1 JP 2005017561 W JP2005017561 W JP 2005017561W WO 2006033426 A1 WO2006033426 A1 WO 2006033426A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pressure
fuel cell
gas
abnormality
closed space
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2005/017561
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Naohiro Yoshida
Original Assignee
Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP2004273547A external-priority patent/JP2006092789A/ja
Priority claimed from JP2004273541A external-priority patent/JP2006092786A/ja
Application filed by Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha filed Critical Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha
Publication of WO2006033426A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006033426A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
    • H01M8/04328—Temperature; Ambient temperature of anode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
    • H01M8/04343—Temperature; Ambient temperature of anode exhausts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
    • H01M8/04358—Temperature; Ambient temperature of the coolant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
    • H01M8/04365—Temperature; Ambient temperature of other components of a fuel cell or fuel cell stacks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04388—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of anode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04402—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of anode exhausts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04664—Failure or abnormal function
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04664—Failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04679—Failure or abnormal function of fuel cell stacks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04701—Temperature
    • H01M8/04723—Temperature of the coolant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04701—Temperature
    • H01M8/04731—Temperature of other components of a fuel cell or fuel cell stacks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04858—Electric variables
    • H01M8/04925—Power, energy, capacity or load
    • H01M8/04947—Power, energy, capacity or load of auxiliary devices, e.g. batteries, capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fuel cell system, and more particularly to an improved technique for accurately determining an abnormality in a gas path of a reaction gas that contributes to power generation of a fuel cell.
  • Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2 0 0 3-3 0 8 8 6 6 discloses that a plurality of closed spaces are formed by shut-off valves arranged in gas passages connected to fuel cells, and the like.
  • a technology has been proposed that detects abnormalities in the gas passage (fuel gas leakage) by detecting the pressure drop speed and the differential pressure across each shut-off valve.
  • Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2 0 0 3-3 0 8 8 6 6 (see page 5, FIG. 1, etc.) Disclosure of Invention
  • the present invention has been made in view of the circumstances described above, and an object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell system and the like that can improve the accuracy of detection of abnormalities in a gas passage (such as fuel gas leakage).
  • a fuel cell system includes a fuel cell that outputs electric power when supplied with a reaction gas, a gas passage connected to the fuel cell, and at least one of the gas passages. And an abnormality detecting means for detecting an abnormality of the gas passage based on the pressure and temperature of the closed space.
  • reaction gas means not only the fuel gas supplied to the fuel cell but also the oxidizing gas supplied to the fuel cell.
  • gas passage corresponds to at least one of a gas supply passage, a gas circulation passage, and a gas discharge passage for the reaction gas supplied to the fuel cell.
  • the gas passage for detecting an abnormality may be at least one of the fuel gas side and the oxidizing gas side, or both. Therefore, “detecting an abnormality in the gas passage” in the above configuration means detecting an abnormality in at least a part of the gas passage on the fuel gas side and the oxidizing gas side.
  • abnormal gas passage means not only gas leakage in the gas passage (open failure of each valve arranged on the gas passage, leakage from the gas passage), but also clogging of the gas passage (valve closing of the valve). This also includes faults and the presence of foreign matter (product water, etc.). .
  • the shielding means for forming the closed space A state detecting means for detecting the pressure and temperature of the closed space; and the abnormal ⁇ wisdom means is a shielding control means for forming a closed space in at least a part of the gas passage by the shielding means; and the state
  • the system includes a determination unit that determines whether or not an abnormality has occurred in the gas passage based on the pressure and temperature in the closed air detected by the detection unit. Further, the determination means obtains a reaction gas amount in the closed space from the pressure and temperature of the closed space detected by the state detection means, and sets and sets a change amount of the reaction gas in the closed space after a predetermined period of time has elapsed. A mode in which it is determined whether or not an abnormality has occurred in the gas passage by comparing with the threshold amount thus determined.
  • the determination means considers the compression coefficient of the reaction gas in addition to the pressure and temperature of the closed space (see the following formulas (A) and (B)), and determines the amount of change in the reaction gas.
  • the desired mode is preferred.
  • the determination means obtains the amount of reaction gas in the closed space from the pressure and temperature of each closed space detected by the state detection means, and is set as the amount of change in the reaction gas in each closed space after a predetermined period. By comparing with the threshold amount, it is determined whether or not an abnormality has occurred in each closed section, and the determination means performs an abnormality determination in another closed section in parallel with the determination of an abnormality in a certain closed section.
  • the embodiment to be performed is preferable.
  • the determination unit starts the abnormality determination of another closed section when it is determined that the predetermined period has not elapsed in the abnormality determination of a certain closed section.
  • the plurality of closed spaces include a closed space having at least a pressure regulating valve.
  • a load drive source provided separately from the fuel cell; and a load device that can be driven by the output of at least one of the fuel cell or the load drive source.
  • a mode in which an abnormality in the gas passage is detected when the load device is driven by a drive source is preferable.
  • the detection accuracy can be improved by detecting an abnormality in the gas passage based on the amount of change in the fuel gas in the closed space, but also the load can be applied by a load drive source other than the fuel cell.
  • the detection frequency can be set high and erroneous detection can be suppressed.
  • the detection unit when the detection unit can supply the load device with more power than the power necessary to drive the load device, the load device drives the load device. In the meantime, it is preferable to detect an abnormality of the gas passage. Further, the detection means includes: a first determination means for determining whether or not electric power more than that required for driving the load device can be supplied from the load drive source to the load device; When a positive determination is made by the first determination means, drive control means for driving the load device by the load drive source, and the load device is driven by the load drive source In the meantime, it is preferable to include a second determination unit that determines whether or not an abnormality has occurred in the gas passage.
  • the load driving source includes at least a power storage device.
  • the apparatus further includes a pressure reducing unit that reduces the pressure of the closed space to a target pressure or less before detecting the abnormality.
  • the pressure reducing means includes power generation using a reaction gas from the fuel cell, or the reaction gas. It is preferable that the pressure in the closed space is reduced to a target pressure or less by executing at least one of the purges. Further, it is preferable that the pressure reducing unit obtains a differential pressure between the pressure in the closed space and the target pressure, and determines whether or not to purge the reactive gas based on the obtained differential pressure.
  • These fuel cell systems may be mounted on a mobile body (for example, a ship or an airplane).
  • An abnormality detection method for a fuel cell system comprising: a fuel cell that outputs electric power when supplied with a reaction gas; and a gas passage connected to the fuel cell, wherein the abnormality detection method is closed to at least part of the gas passage.
  • a space may be formed, and the abnormality of the gas passage may be detected based on the pressure and temperature of the closed space.
  • the present invention is as follows.
  • Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2 0 0 3 _ 3 0 8 8 6 6 discloses that an electric load of the fuel cell is lower than a threshold value during intermittent operation of the fuel cell.
  • a technology is disclosed in which power generation is stopped at the time of a small regeneration, and a fuel gas leak is detected based on a change in pressure of a gas passage including a fuel cell at this time.
  • the frequency of applying is limited.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the circumstances described above, and is a fuel cell capable of increasing the frequency of gas passage abnormality detection and suppressing erroneous detection of gas passage abnormality. The purpose is to provide a system.
  • a fuel cell system includes a fuel cell that outputs power when a reaction gas is supplied, a gas passage connected to the fuel cell, and a fuel cell system that is separate from the fuel cell. And a load device that can be driven by the output of at least one of the fuel cell and the load drive source, and the load device is driven by the load drive source. And a detecting means for detecting an abnormality in the gas passage.
  • reaction gas means not only the fuel gas supplied to the fuel cell but also the oxidizing gas supplied to the fuel cell.
  • gas passage corresponds to at least one of a gas supply passage, a gas circulation passage, and a gas discharge passage for the reaction gas supplied to the fuel cell.
  • the gas passage for detecting an abnormality may be at least one of the fuel gas side and the oxidizing gas side, or both. Therefore, “detecting an abnormality in the gas passage” in the above configuration means detecting an abnormality in at least a part of the gas passage on the fuel gas side and the oxidizing gas side.
  • abnormal gas passage means not only gas leakage in the gas passage (open failure of each valve arranged on the gas passage, leakage from the gas passage), but also clogging of the gas passage (valve closing of the valve). Failure and the presence of foreign matter (product water, etc.) The
  • the detection unit when the detection is performed, the detection unit forms a closed space in the gas passage and detects an abnormality of the gas passage based on a pressure state of the closed space. preferable.
  • the detection unit when the detection unit can supply the load device with more power than the power necessary to drive the load device, the load device drives the load device.
  • the detection means includes first determination means for determining whether or not electric power more than that required for driving the load device can be supplied from the load drive source to the load device.
  • first determination means for determining whether or not electric power more than that required for driving the load device can be supplied from the load drive source to the load device.
  • a drive control unit that drives the load device by the load drive source, and the load is driven by the load drive source.
  • a second determination means for determining whether or not an abnormality has occurred in the gas passage.
  • the total power that can be supplied by the plurality of load driving sources is greater than or equal to the power required to drive the load device.
  • the sum of the powers that can be supplied by the plurality of load drive sources is greater than or equal to the power required to drive the load device.
  • the plurality of load driving sources include at least a power storage device. More specifically, as a load drive source, in addition to power storage devices such as batteries and capacitors, power is supplied to load devices such as an internal combustion engine, a gas turbine, and a generator (alternator) that generates electric power using the driving force of the internal combustion engine.
  • load devices such as an internal combustion engine, a gas turbine, and a generator (alternator) that generates electric power using the driving force of the internal combustion engine.
  • Various driving sources that can be used can be employed. These fuel cell systems may be mounted on a mobile body (for example, a ship or an airplane). 5 017561
  • FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a fuel cell system according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a main routine of system control according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is a gas leak determination processing routine at the time of system startup according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 is a normal power generation control routine according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is a gas leak determination processing routine according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 is a gas leak determination processing routine according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 7 is a gas leak determination processing routine according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 8 is a gas leak determination processing routine according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 9 is a system stop processing routine according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 10 is an abnormal stop processing routine according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 11 is a configuration diagram of a fuel cell system according to a second embodiment.
  • FIG. 12 is a system control main routine according to the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 13 is a gas leak determination processing routine at the time of system startup according to the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 14 is a load drive determination control routine according to the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 15 is a gas leak determination processing routine according to the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 16 is a gas leak determination processing routine according to the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 17 is a gas leak determination processing routine according to the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 18 is a gas leak determination processing routine according to the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 19 is a gas leak determination processing routine according to the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 20 is a gas leak determination processing routine according to the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 21 is an auxiliary machine control routine according to the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 22 is a trap control routine according to the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 23 is a configuration diagram of a fuel cell system according to a modification of the second embodiment.
  • the amount of change in the fuel gas (that is, the amount of change in the number of moles of the fuel gas) is obtained based on the pressure and temperature of the closed space, and the fuel gas is calculated from the obtained amount of change in the fuel gas. Determine whether a leak has occurred. Specifically, using the following equation (B) derived from the gas equation of state (A), the change amount ⁇ n of the fuel gas after a predetermined time has been obtained, and this change amount ⁇ n and the threshold change amount Are compared to determine whether or not a fuel gas leak has occurred.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of a fuel cell system 10 according to the first embodiment.
  • the fuel cell system 10 is used as an in-vehicle power generation system for a fuel cell vehicle (FCHV; Fuel CeU HybHd Vehicle).
  • FCHV fuel cell vehicle
  • the fuel cell (cell stack) 20 has a stack structure in which a plurality of single cells are stacked in series, and is composed of, for example, a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell.
  • the fuel cell system includes a fuel gas circulation supply system and an oxidant gas supply system connected to the fuel cell 20.
  • the fuel gas circulation supply system of the fuel cell 20 includes a fuel gas supply source 30, a fuel gas supply path 3 1, a fuel cell 20, a fuel gas circulation path 3 2, and an anode off-gas flow path 3 3. At least a part of the fuel gas supply path 3 1, the fuel gas circulation path 3 2, and the further off-gas flow path 3 3 corresponds to the gas path described in the claims.
  • the fuel gas supply source 30 is constituted by a hydrogen storage source such as a high-pressure hydrogen tank or a hydrogen storage tank.
  • the fuel gas supply path 3 1 is a gas flow path for guiding the fuel gas released from the fuel gas supply source 30 to the anode electrode of the fuel cell 20, and the tank valve H extends from upstream to downstream in the gas flow path. 2 0 1, high pressure regulator H 9, low pressure regulator H 1 0, hydrogen supply valve H 2 0 0, and FC inlet valve I-I 2 1 are provided.
  • the fuel gas compressed to a high pressure is reduced to a medium pressure by a high pressure regulator H9, and further reduced to a low pressure (normal operating pressure) by a low pressure regulator HI0.
  • the fuel gas circulation path 3 2 is a return gas flow path for recirculating unreacted fuel gas to the fuel cell 20, and the gas flow path includes an FC outlet valve H 2 2 and a hydrogen pump 6 3 from upstream to downstream. , And a check valve H 52 are respectively provided.
  • the low-pressure unreacted fuel gas discharged from the fuel cell 20 is moderately added by the hydrogen pump 63. And is led to the fuel gas supply path 3 1.
  • the check valve H 52 suppresses the back flow of the fuel gas from the fuel gas supply path 3 1 to the fuel gas circulation path 3 2.
  • the node off gas channel 33 is a gas channel for exhausting the hydrogen off gas discharged from the fuel cell 20 to the outside of the system, and a purge valve H 51 is provided in the gas channel.
  • the tank valve H 2 0 1, hydrogen supply valve H 2 0 0, FC inlet valve H 2 1, FC outlet valve H 2 2, and purge valve H 5 1 are the gas flow paths 3 1 to 3 3 or the fuel cell.
  • This is a shut valve for supplying or shutting off fuel gas to 20 and is composed of, for example, a solenoid valve.
  • an electromagnetic valve for example, an on-off valve or a linear valve that can linearly adjust the valve opening degree by PWM control is suitable.
  • the oxidant gas supply system of the fuel cell 20 includes an air compressor (oxidant gas supply source) 40, an oxidant gas supply channel 41, and a power sword-off gas channel 42.
  • the oxidant gas supply channel 4 1 At least a part of the force sword-off gas flow path 42 corresponds to the gas passage described in the claims.
  • the air compressor 40 compresses the air taken from the outside air through the air filter 61 and supplies the compressed air as an oxidizing gas to the cathode electrode of the fuel cell 20.
  • the oxygen off-gas after being subjected to the cell reaction of the fuel cell 20 flows through the power sword off-gas flow path 42 and is exhausted outside the system. Oxygen off-gas is in a highly humid state because it contains moisture generated by the cell reaction in the fuel cell 20.
  • the humidification module 6 2 exchanges moisture between the low-humidity oxidizing gas flowing in the oxidizing gas supply path 41 and the high-humidity oxygen off-gas flowing in the force sword-off gas flow path 42, and the fuel cell 2 Appropriately humidify the oxidizing gas supplied to zero.
  • the back pressure of the oxidizing gas supplied to the fuel cell 20 is regulated by a pressure regulating valve A 4 disposed in the vicinity of the cathode outlet of the force sword off gas passage 42.
  • the downstream of the force sword off gas flow path 4 2 is connected to the diluter 6 4, and oxygen off gas is supplied to the diluter 6 4.
  • Diluter 6 4 also communicates with the downstream of the de-off gas flow path 33, and is configured to exhaust the hydrogen off-gas outside the system after being mixed and diluted with oxygen off-gas.
  • a part of the DC power generated by the fuel cell 20 is stepped down by the DC / DC converter 53 and charged to the battery 54.
  • Traction inverter 51 and auxiliary inverter 52 convert traction motor M3 and auxiliary motor M4 by converting DC power supplied from fuel cell 20 and / or battery 54 to AC power. Supply AC power to each of the.
  • the auxiliary motor M 4 is a generic term for a motor M 2 that drives a hydrogen circulation pump 63 described later, a motor M l that drives an air compressor 40, and the like. In the following description, those driven by one or both of the fuel cell 20 and the battery 54 are collectively referred to as a load.
  • the control unit 50 obtains the system required power (the sum of the vehicle running power and the auxiliary machine power) based on the accelerator opening detected by the accelerator sensor 55, the vehicle speed detected by the vehicle speed sensor 56, and the like.
  • the fuel cell system 10 is controlled so as to match the target power.
  • the control unit 50 adjusts the number of rotations of the motor M 1 that drives the air compressor 40 to adjust the amount of oxidant gas supplied, and the number of rotations of the motor M 2 that drives the hydrogen pump 63. Adjust the fuel gas supply amount by adjusting.
  • the control unit 50 also controls the DC / DC converter 53 to adjust the operating point (output voltage, output current) of the fuel cell 20 so that the output power of the fuel cell 20 matches the target power. Adjust as follows.
  • control unit (abnormality detection means) 50 obtains the change amount ⁇ n of the fuel gas after a predetermined time using the above formulas (A) and (B) when performing the gas leak determination, Based on this change ⁇ n in fuel gas, fuel gas leakage is detected.
  • a plurality of adjacent closed spaces are formed in the fuel gas circulation supply system.
  • the high pressure part section of the tanta valve H 2 0 1 hydrogen supply valve H 2 0 0
  • the low pressure part hydrogen supply valve H 2 0 0 to FC inlet valve
  • Loop H 2 1 FC section (stack inlet valve H 21 to FC outlet valve H 2 2)
  • circulation section FC outlet valve H 22 to check valve H 52) Spaces are formed, and pressure sensors (state detection means) that detect the pressure of the fuel gas in each part are used to indicate the temperature of the fuel gas and P 6, P 7, P 9, P 61, P 5, P 10, P 11 Temperature sensors to detect (state detection means) T6, T7, T9, T61, T5, T10 are arranged.
  • the pressure sensor P 6 detects the fuel gas supply pressure of the fuel gas supply source 30.
  • the pressure sensor P 7 detects the secondary pressure of the high pressure regulator H 9.
  • Pressure sensor P9 detects the secondary pressure of low pressure regulator H10.
  • the pressure sensor P 61 detects the pressure in the low pressure part of the fuel gas supply path 31.
  • Pressure sensor P5 detects the pressure at the stack inlet.
  • the pressure sensor P10 detects the pressure on the input port side (upstream side) of the hydrogen circulation pump 63.
  • the pressure sensor P 1 1 detects the pressure on the output port side (downstream side) of the hydrogen circulation pump 63.
  • the gas leakage judgment of the fuel gas circulation supply system is performed for each section (that is, for each closed section) of the high pressure section, the low pressure section, the FC section, and the circulation section.
  • FIG. 2 is a main routine describing the system control executed by the control unit 50. After explaining the outline of system control with reference to the figure, each subroutine will be explained.
  • the control unit 50 determines a gas leak in the fuel gas circulation supply system (S 102).
  • S103; YES normal operation control is performed
  • S104 normal operation control is performed
  • the control unit 50 determines that the predetermined intermittent operation start condition is satisfied while the normal operation is continued (S 104 ⁇ Sl 05)
  • the control unit 50 performs a gas leak determination of the fuel gas circulation supply system. S 1 06).
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart describing the gas leak judgment processing routine (S102) at system startup.
  • the control unit 50 opens the tank valve H 201, the hydrogen supply pulp H 200, the FC inlet valve H 21, and the FC outlet valve H 22 and supplies fuel gas to the fuel cell 20 through the fuel gas supply path 31.
  • the control unit 50 determines whether or not the pressure values of all the pressure sensors P5 to P6 disposed in the fuel gas circulation supply system are equal to or higher than a predetermined pressure value Pjl to Pj7. (S 202).
  • the control unit (shielding control means) 50 closes the tank valve H 201, the hydrogen supply valve H 200, the FC inlet pulp H21, and the FC outlet valve H 22 as the shielding means (S 203), the fuel gas supply passage 31 and the fuel gas circulation passage 32 are sealed.
  • the control unit 50 determines the pressure values of the pressure sensors P 5 to P 6 and the temperature values of the temperature sensors T 5 to T 6 when the predetermined time t 1 has elapsed. By reading and substituting these into the above formulas ( ⁇ ) and ( ⁇ ), the molar amount of fuel gas (hereinafter referred to as fuel gas amount) ⁇ in each section shown below is obtained. Then, the control unit 50 stores the obtained fuel gas amount ⁇ in a memory or the like.
  • the control unit 50 obtains a compression coefficient z corresponding to the temperature value from the read temperature value and a pressure coefficient-one temperature map (not shown).
  • the control unit 50 substitutes the read pressure value P of the pressure sensor and the temperature value T of the temperature sensor, the obtained compression coefficient ⁇ , the constant volume V and the gas constant R into the formula ( ⁇ ), Obtain the amount of fuel gas 11 in the section.
  • the controller 50 obtains the fuel gas amount ⁇ 1 existing in the first section (tank valve ⁇ 201 to high pressure regulator ⁇ 9) from the pressure value of the pressure sensor ⁇ 6 and the temperature value of the temperature sensor ⁇ 6. From the pressure value of pressure sensor ⁇ 7 and the temperature value of temperature sensor ⁇ 7, the amount of fuel gas ⁇ 2 existing in the second section (high pressure regulator ⁇ 9 to low pressure regulator ⁇ 10) is obtained, and the pressure value of pressure sensor ⁇ 9 From the temperature value of temperature sensor ⁇ 9, determine the amount of fuel gas ⁇ 3 in the third section (low pressure regulator ⁇ 10 to hydrogen supply valve ⁇ 200), and the pressure value of temperature sensor ⁇ 61 and temperature sensor ⁇ 61 temperature From the value, the amount of fuel gas n 4 in the 4th section (hydrogen supply valve H 200 to FC inlet valve H21) is obtained, and the 5th section (FC inlet valve from the pressure value of pressure sensor P5 and the temperature value of temperature sensor T5) Fuel gas amount in H21 to FC output valve H22) n 5 Determine
  • the control unit 50 determines the amount of fuel gas n 1 ′ to n 6 existing in the first to sixth sections when the predetermined time t 2 has elapsed. 'And calculate the difference ⁇ ⁇ 1 to ⁇ ⁇ 6 between each calculated fuel gas n 1, ⁇ 6 and each stored fuel gas amount ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 6 (S 207 ⁇ S 2 16
  • the difference ⁇ n 1 to ⁇ n 6 of the fuel gas obtained here corresponds to the amount of change in fuel gas over time (t 2 ⁇ tl).
  • the control unit 50 determines whether or not the fuel gas change amounts ⁇ n 1 to ⁇ n 6 determined in this way are equal to or greater than a preset threshold amount Q 1 to Q 6 (S209). If all of the fuel gas change amounts ⁇ 1 to ⁇ n6 are below the set threshold amount Q1 to Q6 (S209; NO), it is considered that there is no gas leakage, so start the system. When completed, normal power generation is started (S 210). On the other hand, if any one of the fuel gas change amounts ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 6 is greater than or equal to the set threshold amount Q1 to Q6 (S209; YES), the control unit 50 causes a gas leak. (S 21 1) D
  • Fig. 4 is a flowchart describing the power generation control routine (S104) during normal operation.
  • the controller 50 opens each valve (tank valve H 201, hydrogen supply valve H 200, FC inlet valve H 21, and FC outlet valve H 22) of the fuel gas circulation supply system (S 30 1).
  • the required vehicle power (system required power) is calculated based on the accelerator opening, the vehicle speed, etc. (S 302), and the ratio between the output power of the fuel cell 20 and the output power of the battery 54 is determined (S 303 ).
  • the control unit 50 refers to the fuel cell power generation amount vs.
  • the control unit 50 controls the rotation speed of the motor M 1 so that a desired flow rate of oxidizing gas is supplied to the fuel cell 20 (S 304). Further, the control unit 50 controls the rotation speed of the motor M 2 with reference to the fuel cell power generation amount / hydrogen 'stoichi' map so that the fuel gas having a desired flow rate is supplied to the fuel cell 20 (S 305). Next, the control unit 50 performs opening / closing control of the purge valve H 51 with reference to the fuel cell power generation amount-fuel gas purge frequency map (S 306).
  • FIGS. 5 to 8 are flowcharts describing the gas leak judgment processing routines (S106, S108) during intermittent operation or when the system is stopped. Same routine Is called, the control unit 50 refers to the hydrogen consumption-fuel cell power generation amount map to obtain the power generation amount of the fuel cell 20 for consuming the fuel gas (S 40 1). Further, referring to the fuel cell power generation amount vs. air 'stoky' map, the rotational speed of the motor Ml is adjusted so that the oxidizing gas necessary to obtain the desired power generation amount is supplied to the fuel cell 20 (S 402).
  • the control unit 50 When the hydrogen supply valve H 200 is opened (S 403; YES), the control unit 50 is required to obtain the desired power generation amount by referring to the fuel cell power generation amount-hydrogen stoichiometric map. The rotational speed of the motor M2 is adjusted so that a proper fuel gas flow rate is supplied to the fuel cell 20 (S404). Further, the control unit 50 controls opening and closing of the purge valve H 51 with reference to the fuel cell power generation amount-one purge frequency map (S 405). At this time, if purging is prohibited, the purge valve H 51 is kept closed. On the other hand, when the hydrogen supply valve H 200 is closed (S 403; NO), the control unit 50 stops the hydrogen pump 63 (S 406), and refer to the fuel cell power generation one-page frequency map.
  • the purge valve H 51 is controlled to open and close (S407).
  • the purge amount per operation is calculated based on the primary pressure, secondary pressure, and valve opening time of the purge valve H51 (S408).
  • the primary pressure of the purge valve H 51 can be obtained from the pressure value detected by the pressure sensor P 11.
  • the secondary pressure of the purge valve H 51 can be obtained from the flow rate of oxygen off-gas flowing through the force sword-off gas passage 42.
  • the control unit 50 SOC of the battery 54 (State Of Charge) of a predetermined value when it is above (S 409; YE S), electric power generated by the consumption of the fuel gas Cannot be stored in the battery 54, the control unit 50 decreases the power generation amount of the fuel cell 20 and increases the purge amount of the fuel gas (S410). Also, if the fuel gas purge frequency exceeds the predetermined frequency (S 41 1; YES), the concentration of the fuel gas exhausted outside the system will increase, so that the air compressor 40 can be turned off to reduce the exhaust fuel gas concentration. By increasing the rotation number, the flow rate of the oxygen off-gas flowing through the force sword off-gas channel 42 is increased, and the exhaust fuel gas concentration diluted by the diluter 64 is reduced (S 4 1 2).
  • the pressure of each section of the fuel gas circulation supply system can be quickly reduced. it can. More specifically, the pressure in the high-pressure part, the low-pressure part, and the FC part can be reduced by the fuel gas consumption by the power generation and the purge operation of the fuel gas, and the pressure in the circulation part is determined by the purge operation of the fuel gas. Can be reduced.
  • the gas leak judgment of each section is, for example, by closing each valve arranged in the fuel gas supply system, forming a closed space (substantially sealed space), and detecting the pressure drop allowance of the closed space To do.
  • control unit 50 determines whether or not a predetermined time t 4 has elapsed since the hydrogen supply valve H 200 was closed (S 41 8), and when the predetermined time t 4 has elapsed (S 41 8; YES), Similarly to the above, the fuel gas amount nl ′ of the high pressure portion at the time when the predetermined time t 4 has elapsed is obtained (S419). Then, the control unit 50 calculates a difference (that is, fuel gas change amount) 1 n 1 between the obtained fuel gas amount n 1 ′ and the stored fuel gas amount n 1, and this fuel gas change amount ⁇ n 1 The preset threshold amount Q 1 is compared (S 420).
  • the control unit 50 permits the gas leakage judgment of the low pressure portion (S422). Even if the predetermined time t3 or t4 has not elapsed since the hydrogen supply valve H 200 was closed, this is in parallel with the gas leak judgment of the high pressure part as long as the hydrogen supply valve H 200 is already closed. This is because it is possible to determine the gas leakage in the low pressure part.
  • the controller 50 closes the FC inlet pulp H21 (S424). As a result, the low-pressure part is sealed.
  • the predetermined pressures PJA 2 and P JA3 are pressures for determining whether or not the FC inlet valve H 21 is securely closed.
  • the FC inlet valve H21 is closed to determine the gas leak in the low pressure part. It is determined whether or not a predetermined time t 5 has elapsed since the valve was pressed (S 426).
  • the control unit 50 When the predetermined time t 5 has elapsed (S 426; YES), the control unit 50 performs the same as described above, the pressure value P 61 of the pressure sensor P 61, the temperature value T 61 of the temperature sensor T 61, the temperature concerned Using the compression coefficient z and the like corresponding to the value, the amount of fuel gas n 4 in the low pressure part at the time when the predetermined time t 5 has elapsed is obtained and stored (S 427).
  • control unit 50 determines whether or not a predetermined time t 6 has elapsed since the FC inlet valve H 21 was closed (S 428), and when the predetermined time t 6 has elapsed (S 428; YES), The amount of fuel gas n 4 ′ in the low pressure portion at the time when the predetermined time t 6 has elapsed is obtained (S 429). Then, the control unit 50 calculates a difference (that is, fuel gas change amount) ⁇ 4 between the obtained fuel gas amount n 4 ′ and the stored fuel gas amount n 4, and the fuel gas change amount ⁇ 4 The preset threshold amount Q 4 is compared (S 430).
  • the control unit 50 permits the gas leakage judgment of the FC unit (S 4 32). Even if the predetermined time t 5 or t 6 has not elapsed since the FC inlet valve H2 1 was closed, this is because the FC inlet valve H2 1 has already been closed and the gas leakage judgment of the low pressure part has occurred. At the same time, it is possible to make a gas leak judgment of the FC section. It is.
  • the detected pressure of the pressure sensor P 5 becomes equal to or lower than the target pressure P 5 A (S 4 33; YES), it indicates that the pressure in the FC section has reached a pressure suitable for gas leak judgment. 50 closes FC outlet valve H 22 (S 43 4). As a result, the FC section is sealed. Next, it is determined whether or not the detected pressure of the pressure sensor P10 disposed on the downstream side of the FC outlet valve H22 has been lowered to a predetermined pressure PJ A4 or less (S435).
  • the predetermined pressure P JA4 is a pressure for determining whether or not the FC outlet valve H 22 is securely closed.
  • a predetermined time t 7 has elapsed since the FC outlet valve H 22 was closed in order to perform a gas leak judgment at the FC section. It is determined whether or not (S436).
  • the control unit 50 performs the compression corresponding to the pressure value P 5 of the pressure sensor P 5, the temperature value T 5 of the temperature sensor T 5, and the temperature value in the same manner as described above. Using the coefficient z and the like, the fuel gas amount n 5 in the FC section at the time when the predetermined time t 7 has elapsed is obtained and stored (S437).
  • control unit 50 determines whether or not a predetermined time t8 has elapsed since the closing of the FC inlet valve H21 (S438), and when the predetermined time t8 has elapsed (S438; YES), The fuel gas amount n 5 ′ in the FC section at the time when the predetermined time t 8 has elapsed is obtained (S439). Then, the control unit 50 calculates a difference (ie, fuel gas change amount) ⁇ ⁇ 5 between the obtained fuel gas amount n 5 ′ and the stored fuel gas amount n 5, and this fuel gas change amount ⁇ ⁇ 5 Is compared with a preset threshold value Q5 (S440).
  • a difference ie, fuel gas change amount
  • the control unit 50 permits the gas leakage judgment of the circulation unit (S442). Even if the predetermined time t7 or t8 has not elapsed since the FC outlet valve H22 was closed, the FC outlet valve H22 is already closed. This is because it is possible to determine the gas leakage in the circulation section.
  • the control section 50 determines whether or not the predetermined time t9 has elapsed since the purge valve H51 was prohibited from opening and closing (or when the FC outlet valve H22 was closed). (S 445).
  • the control unit 50 responds to the pressure value P 10 of the pressure sensor P 10, the temperature value T 10 of the temperature sensor T 10, and the corresponding temperature value as described above. Using the compression coefficient Z and the like, the fuel gas amount n 6 in the circulating portion at the time when the predetermined time t 9 has elapsed is obtained and stored (S 446).
  • control unit 50 determines whether or not a predetermined time t10 has elapsed from the time when the opening and closing of the purge valve H51 is prohibited (or when the FC outlet valve H22 is closed) (S447), and the predetermined time t10 When the time elapses (S 447; YES), the fuel gas amount n 6 ′ in the circulating portion when the predetermined time t 10 has elapsed is obtained (S 44 8). Then, the control unit 50 calculates a difference (that is, fuel gas change amount) ⁇ n 6 between the obtained fuel gas amount n 6 ′ and the stored fuel gas amount n 6, and this fuel gas change amount ⁇ n 6 is compared with a preset threshold amount Q 6 (S 449).
  • a difference that is, fuel gas change amount
  • FIG. 9 is a flowchart describing the system stop processing routine (S109).
  • the control unit 50 determines whether or not the gas leakage determination of the circulation unit is completed (S 50 1). If the gas leakage judgment of the circulation part is completed (S 50 1; YES), the control part 50 opens the FC inlet valve H 21 and the FC outlet valve H 22, and the fuel gas supply path 31 and the fuel gas circulation The fuel gas remaining in the path 3 2 is guided to the fuel cell 20 (S502). At the same time, the control unit 50 rotates the air compressor 40 to supply the fuel cell 20 with oxidized gas. The fuel gas introduced into the fuel cell 20 is consumed by power generation.
  • control unit 50 opens the purge valve H 51 at an appropriate time interval to purge the fuel gas and reduce the impurity concentration of the fuel gas circulating in the fuel cell 20. Then, it is determined whether or not the pressure detected by the pressure sensor P 5 has decreased below the target pressure P 5 A E (S 503).
  • the target pressure P 5AE is preferably a pressure that does not cause the fuel gas to cross leak into the power sword when the system is stopped.
  • control unit 50 closes FC inlet valve H21, FC outlet valve H22, and purge valve H51. Then, the air compressor 40 and the hydrogen pump 63 are stopped to stop the power generation (S504).
  • FIG. 10 is a flowchart describing the abnormal stop processing routine (S 1 1 1).
  • the control unit 50 controls all the valves arranged in the fuel gas circulation supply system, that is, the tank valve H 201, the hydrogen supply valve H200, the FC inlet valve H21, and the FC outlet valve. H 22 and purge valve H 51 are all closed, and further, air compressor 40 and hydrogen pump 63 are stopped to stop power generation (S 601).
  • the fuel gas leakage determination is performed based on the change amount of the fuel gas in the closed space
  • the fuel gas leakage determination is simply performed based on the pressure change in the closed space. Compared to this, the amount of fuel gas leakage can be accurately grasped, and the detection accuracy of gas leakage can be improved.
  • n PV / (RT) ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ (D)
  • an abnormality in the gas passage of the reaction gas may be detected based on the pressure and temperature of the closed space without using the gas equation of state. For example, when the pressure value and temperature value of the closed space are not within the predetermined threshold range, it is determined that an abnormality (gas leakage or gas clogging) has occurred in the gas passage, or a predetermined time has elapsed. If the pressure change and temperature change in the closed space after that exceed the specified change amount, there is an abnormality in the gas passage. You may judge.
  • the detection accuracy can be improved by detecting an abnormality in the gas passage based not on the pressure change in the closed space but on the change in the gas amount in the closed space.
  • the second embodiment shown below by detecting an abnormality in the gas passage while driving the load with a load drive source other than the fuel cell, the erroneous detection is suppressed, It is possible to increase the detection frequency.
  • FIG. 11 shows a schematic configuration of a fuel cell system 10 ′ according to the second embodiment.
  • the fuel cell system 10 0 ′ is provided with a cooling system for the fuel cell 20 and a battery sensor 57.
  • a cooling water channel 71 In the cooling system of the fuel cell 20, a cooling water channel 71, a circulation pump C 1, a radiator C 2, a bypass valve C 3, and a heat exchanger 70 are arranged.
  • the circulation pump C 1 circulates the refrigerant flowing inside the fuel cell 20 through the cooling water channel 71.
  • a bypass channel 72 that bypasses the radiator C2 and guides the refrigerant to the heat exchanger 70 is provided.
  • the radiator C 2 cools the refrigerant by rotating the fan C 1 3.
  • the heat exchanger 70 is provided with a heater 70 a, receives the supply of electric power from the fuel cell 20, heats the heater 70 a, and raises the temperature of the refrigerant.
  • the power supply from the fuel cell 20 to the heat exchanger 70 can be controlled by turning the relays R 1 and R 2 on and off.
  • a radiator bypass valve C 3 is disposed upstream of the radiator C 2, and flows toward the radiator C 2 and the heat exchanger 70 by adjusting the valve opening degree of the radiator bypass valve C 3. It is configured to control the refrigerant flow rate and adjust the refrigerant temperature.
  • the battery sensor 57 supplies a detection signal indicating a state of charge (SOC) to the control unit 50.
  • Control unit (detection means) 5 0 is normal Whether or not the load can be driven only by a load drive source (battery 5 4 in this embodiment) that is different from the fuel cell 20 based on a detection signal representing SOC supplied from the battery sensor 57 or the like during operation. Judging.
  • the control unit 50 determines that the load can be driven only by the load driving source, the control unit 50 shifts to intermittent operation and detects fuel gas leakage (abnormal gas passage).
  • the fuel cell system 10 shown in FIG. 10 is not provided with the temperature sensors ⁇ 6, ⁇ 7 7 9, ⁇ 61, ⁇ 5, and ⁇ 10 shown in FIG. 1, but these temperature sensors may be provided ( Details will be described later).
  • FIG. 12 is a main routine describing the system control executed by the control unit 50. Steps corresponding to the main routine shown in FIG. 2 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
  • load drive determination control is performed after normal operation control is performed (S104 ⁇ S104 ′).
  • the control unit 50 determines a gas leak in the fuel gas circulation supply system (S106).
  • auxiliary fuel control is performed to increase the power consumption of the auxiliary equipment when the fuel gas consumption is insufficient only by the power generation of the fuel cell 20 and the power consumption by the catchers (S 1 06 ' ).
  • the subsequent operation is the same as in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 13 is a flow chart describing the gas leak judgment processing routine (S102) at system startup. Note that the steps corresponding to the gas leak judgment processing routine at the time of system startup shown in FIG. 3 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted. Abbreviated.
  • the controller 50 stores the pressure values of the pressure sensors P5 to P6 as P5P to P6P after a predetermined time t1 has elapsed from the sealed state (S205). Furthermore, when the predetermined time t 2 has elapsed from the sealed state (S 206), the control unit 50 detects that the stored pressure values P 5 P to P 6 P and the pressure sensors P 5 to P 6 have passed when the predetermined time t 2 has elapsed. A differential pressure ⁇ P 5 to ⁇ P 6 with the detected pressure value is calculated (S 207 ′). The differential pressures ⁇ P 5 to ⁇ P 6 found here correspond to the pressure drop over time (t 2 – t 1).
  • the controller 50 determines whether or not each of the differential pressures ⁇ P 5 to ⁇ P 6 is equal to or greater than a predetermined pressure value p j 8 to P j 14 (S209). If all of the differential pressures ⁇ 5 to ⁇ 6 are less than or equal to the predetermined pressure value pj 8 to P j 14 (S 209 '; NO), it is considered that there is no gas leakage. Normal power generation is started (S 2 10). On the other hand, if any one of the differential pressures ⁇ ⁇ 5 to ⁇ ⁇ 6 is greater than or equal to the predetermined pressure value pj 8 to P j 14 (S 209 ′; YES), the control unit 50 has a gas leak. It is determined that it has occurred (S 2 1 1).
  • FIG. 14 is a flowchart describing the load drive determination control routine (S 1 04 ′) executed after the power generation control routine is completed.
  • the control unit 50 refers to the detection signal supplied from the battery sensor 57 and the SOC—battery temperature map, and the amount of power that the battery 54 can supply to the load (battery dischargeable power). W3 is calculated (S 1041 a).
  • the control unit (first determination means) 50 calculates the vehicle required power (system required power) PP.W based on the accelerator opening, the vehicle speed, etc. (S 1.042), and the battery dischargeable power W 3 is the vehicle required.
  • Power P PW or not It is determined whether or not the battery 54 can supply more power than the system required power to the load (S 1 043).
  • the control unit (drive control means, second determination means) 50 permits the transition from normal operation to intermittent operation (S 1 044).
  • the control for driving the load only by the battery 54 is started.
  • the control unit 50 prohibits the transition from normal operation to intermittent operation (S 1045), and uses the fuel cell 20 and the battery 54 together.
  • the normal power generation control routine and the load drive determination control routine described above are repeatedly executed at a predetermined interval.
  • FIGS. 15 to Fig. 20 are flowcharts describing the gas leak determination processing routine (S106, S108) during intermittent operation or system stop. is there.
  • the steps corresponding to those in the gas leakage determination processing routine shown in FIGS. 5 to 8 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
  • the control unit 50 closes the tank valve H 201 (S41), and performs a purge judgment of the high pressure unit (S42).
  • the purge determination is to determine whether or not to purge the fuel gas. First, based on the pressure difference between the pressure detected by the pressure sensor P6 and the target pressure P6A of the high pressure part, the fuel gas consumption required to make the pressure of the high pressure part equal to the target pressure P6A is calculated. Calculate (S 4 3).
  • the degree of pressure reduction ⁇ PQ is calculated from the ratio of the purge amount per purge valve H 5 1 to the volume of the high pressure part (S 44), and the pressure difference between the pressure of the high pressure part and the target pressure P 6 A is APQ + If it is less than the predetermined value (margin) (S45; YES), purging the fuel gas will prohibit the purge because the pressure in the high pressure section will be less than the target pressure P6A (S46). ).
  • the purge judgment of the low pressure part is performed (S48).
  • the fuel gas consumption required to make the pressure in the low pressure part equal to the target pressure P 61 A Is calculated (S49).
  • the degree of pressure reduction PQ is calculated from the ratio of the purge amount per purge valve H 51 and the volume of the low pressure part (S 50), and the pressure difference between the pressure of the low pressure part and the target pressure P 61A is predetermined.
  • the purge judgment of the FC section is performed (S54). First, based on the differential pressure between the pressure detected by the pressure sensor P5 and the FC target pressure P5A, the fuel gas consumption required to make the FC pressure equal to the target pressure P5A is calculated. (S 55). Next, the degree of pressure reduction ⁇ PQ is calculated from the ratio of the purge amount per purge valve H 51 to the volume of the FC section (S 56), and the differential pressure between the pressure in the FC section and the target pressure P 5 A is ⁇ If PQ + predetermined value (margin) or less (S 57; Y ES), purging the fuel gas will reduce the target pressure P 5 A if the fuel gas is purged. S 58).
  • FC section pressure will be the target even if the fuel gas is purged. Since the pressure does not drop below P 5 A, purge is permitted (S 59).
  • Decompression degree ⁇ PQ is calculated from the ratio to the volume of the gas (S 62). If the pressure difference between the circulating section pressure and the target pressure P 10 A is less than ⁇ PQ + predetermined value (margin) ( S 6 3; YES), purging the fuel gas will reduce the target pressure P 1 OA if the fuel pressure is purged, so purge is prohibited (S 64). On the other hand, if the pressure difference between the pressure in the circulation section and the target pressure P 1 OA exceeds ⁇ PQ + the predetermined value (margin) (S 63; NO), even if the fuel gas is purged, the pressure in the circulation section Since the target pressure P 1 OA does not fall below, purge is permitted (S 65).
  • control unit 50 refers to the hydrogen consumption-fuel cell power generation amount map, and then the fuel cell for consuming the fuel gas obtained in S43, S49, S55.
  • the power generation amount of 20 is obtained (S 401). The subsequent operation will be described with a focus on differences from the first embodiment.
  • the pressure in each section of the fuel gas circulation supply system can be quickly reduced.
  • the pressure in the high pressure section, the low pressure section, and the FC section can be reduced by fuel gas consumption by electric power generation and the purge operation of the fuel gas, and the pressure in the circulation section can be decreased by the purge operation of the fuel gas. Can be reduced.
  • each valve arranged in the fuel gas supply system is closed to form a closed space (substantially sealed space), and the pressure drop allowance in the closed space is detected. To do.
  • the control unit 50 determines whether or not a predetermined time t 3 has elapsed since the hydrogen supply valve H 200 was closed in order to determine a gas leak in the high-pressure unit (S 416).
  • the predetermined time t3 has elapsed (S416; YES)
  • the pressure detected by the pressure sensor P6 is stored as P6P (S417 ').
  • Pressure P 6 P and pressure sensor P Differential pressure from the detected pressure of 6 (pressure drop allowance) ⁇ 6 is calculated (S 419 ′).
  • the control unit 50 determines whether or not a predetermined time t5 has elapsed since the valve closing of the FC inlet valve H21 in order to make a gas leak determination in the low pressure part (S426).
  • the predetermined time t 5 has elapsed (S 426; YES)
  • the pressure detected by the pressure sensor P 61 is stored as P 61 P (S 427 ′).
  • the stored pressure P 6 1 Calculate the differential pressure between P and the pressure detected by pressure sensor P61 (pressure drop allowance) ⁇ ⁇ 6 1 (S429).
  • the differential pressure ⁇ P 61 is equal to or higher than the predetermined threshold pressure P j 16 (S 430 ′; YES)
  • the control unit 50 permits the gas leakage judgment of the FC unit (S 432). This is a predetermined time t 5 or after the FC inlet pulp H 2 1 is closed. This is because even if t 6 has not elapsed, since the FC inlet valve H21 is already closed, it is possible to perform the gas leak judgment of the FC section in parallel with the gas leak judgment of the low pressure section. .
  • the control unit 50 determines whether or not a predetermined time t7 has elapsed since the valve closing of the FC outlet valve H22 in order to perform a gas leak determination of the FC unit (S43 6).
  • the predetermined time t 7 has elapsed (S 436; YES)
  • the detected pressure of the pressure sensor P 5 is stored as P 5 P (S 437 ′).
  • the stored pressure P 5 Calculate the differential pressure between P and the detected pressure of pressure sensor P5 (pressure drop allowance) ⁇ 5 (S439 ').
  • the differential pressure ⁇ P 5 is equal to or higher than the predetermined threshold pressure P j 17 (S 440, YES)
  • the control unit 50 permits the gas leakage judgment of the circulation unit (S 442). Even if the predetermined time t7 or t8 has not elapsed since the FC outlet valve H22 was closed, the FC leak gas judgment at the FC section has already occurred since the FC outlet valve H22 is already closed. This is because it is possible to determine the gas leakage in the circulation section in parallel.
  • the control unit 50 determines whether or not the predetermined time t9 has elapsed since the opening and closing of the purge valve H51 was prohibited (or when the FC outlet valve H22 was closed) in order to determine the gas leakage in the circulation unit. Judgment is made (S445).
  • the pressure sensor P10 detected pressure is stored as P10P (S4.46 '). Furthermore, whether or not the predetermined time t10 has passed since the opening and closing of the purge valve H 5 1.
  • FIGS. 21 to 22 are flowcharts describing the auxiliary machine control routine (S 1 06 ′).
  • the control unit 50 refers to the S ° C_battery temperature map and calculates the power W 2 that can charge the secondary battery 54 (S 106 1).
  • the rechargeable battery 54 has more rechargeable power as the SOC is lower, and less rechargeable power as the battery temperature is lower or higher.
  • the control unit 50 calculates the auxiliary machine loss W 3 corresponding to the power generation amount PA of the fuel cell 20 (S 1062).
  • the generated power PA exceeds the sum of the rechargeable power W 2 and the auxiliary machine loss W 3 (S 1063; YES), the generated power PA is surplus, so the flow rate of the hydrogen pump 63 Increase the driving load (power consumption) of the hydrogen pump 63, or decrease the valve opening of the pressure adjustment valve A4 to increase the fluid resistance of the force sword-off gas flow path 42. Increase the driving load (power consumption) (S 1 064).
  • the control unit 50 detects the temperature state of the fuel cell 20, and the detected temperature of the temperature sensor T2 is equal to or higher than the predetermined temperature TH1, or the detected temperature of the temperature sensor T3 1 is equal to or higher than the predetermined temperature TH2. Is determined (S 1 065).
  • the predetermined temperatures TH1 and TH2 are the temperatures at which the fuel cell 20 feels dry up. It is preferable to set.
  • the rotational speed of the air compressor 40 is adjusted so that an oxidizing gas flow rate that does not allow the fuel cell 20 to dry up is supplied to the fuel cell 20 (S 1066).
  • the detected temperature of the temperature sensor T 2 is lower than the predetermined temperature TH 1 and the detected temperature of the temperature sensor T 31 is lower than the predetermined temperature TH 2 (S 1065; N ⁇ )
  • the fuel cell 20 is supplied. Even if the flow rate of the oxidizing gas is increased, the fuel cell 20 is not expected to dry up. Therefore, the rotational speed of the air conditioner 40 is increased to increase the driving load (power consumption) of the air compressor 40 (S 1067).
  • the controller 50 increases the driving force (power consumption) of the circulation pump C 1 to increase the refrigerant flow rate, or the radiator ⁇ fan C 1 3 is driven to increase the auxiliary loss of the cooling system (S 1068 ).
  • the temperature of the fuel cell 20 may be lower than the normal operating temperature.
  • Control unit 50 is FC cooling water outlet temperature T 2—Auxiliary power outside temperature ⁇ .
  • the temperature decrease allowance ATC of the fuel cell 20 is calculated with reference to the ⁇ map (three-dimensional map) (S 1069).
  • This three-dimensional map shows the refrigerant temperature of the fuel cell 20, the driving load of the cooling auxiliary equipment (circulation pump C1, radiator 'fan C1 3), and the outside air temperature ⁇ .
  • This is map data in which the temperature reduction allowance of the fuel cell 20 is obtained in advance based on ⁇ .
  • the controller 50 estimates the amount of condensed water generated inside the fuel cell 20 with reference to the FC cooling water outlet temperature ⁇ 2- ⁇ ⁇ C one condensed water amount estimation map (S1070). Since the anode side of the fuel cell 20 is considered to be almost filled with saturated water vapor, the amount of condensed water can be estimated to some extent from the temperature reduction allowance ⁇ TC.
  • control unit 50 increases the condensate amount-hydrogen pump increase flow map, condensate amount-air compressor increase flow map, condensate amount-one purge frequency increase.
  • the rotation speed of hydrogen pump 63 and air compressor 40 is increased according to the amount of condensed water.
  • the cell voltage decreases due to flooding, so the supply of fuel gas and oxidant gas is increased.
  • the purge frequency of the purge valve H51 is increased in order to discharge as much water as possible contained in the fuel gas (S1071).
  • the control unit 50 detects the temperature state of the fuel cell 20, and whether the detected temperature of the temperature sensor T2 is equal to or lower than the predetermined temperature TH3 or whether the detected temperature of the temperature sensor T31 is equal to or lower than the predetermined temperature TH4. Is determined (S 1072).
  • the predetermined temperatures TH3 and TH4 are preferably set to temperatures at which the operating temperature of the fuel cell 20 is lower than the normal operating temperature. If the detected temperature of temperature sensor T2 is lower than the specified temperature TH3, or if the detected temperature of temperature sensor T31 is lower than the predetermined temperature TH4 (S1072; YES), the refrigerant temperature is raised.
  • control unit 50 closes the bypass valve C 3, turns off the radiator “fan C 13, and turns on the relays R 1 and R 2 (S 1 073).
  • the refrigerant bypasses the radiator C 2 and flows into the heat exchanger 70, and the temperature is raised in the heat exchanger 70. Surplus power can be efficiently consumed by energizing the heater 70a.
  • the control unit 50 detects the temperature of the auxiliary inverter 52 and determines whether the inverter temperature of the hydrogen pump 63 or the inverter temperature of the air compressor 40 is equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature TH 5 (S 1074).
  • the predetermined temperature TH 5 is preferably set to a temperature at which the heat loss of the auxiliary inverter 52 becomes excessive.
  • the predetermined temperature TH 5 S 1074; YES
  • the heat loss of the auxiliary inverter 52 is considered to be small.
  • S 1075 To increase heat loss
  • the inverter temperature of the hydrogen pump 63 or the inverter temperature of the air compressor 40 is the predetermined temperature TH 5 or more. If this is the case (S 1 074; NO), since the heat loss of the auxiliary inverter 52 is large, the inverter frequency is maintained at the normal value (S 1076).
  • the detection frequency of the fuel gas can be set higher than in the conventional case where the detection of the fuel gas leak is limited at the time of regeneration, and the erroneous detection of the fuel gas leak can be suppressed.
  • the battery 54 is exemplified as the load drive source.
  • the battery 54 can be applied to any power storage device such as a capacitor.
  • the present invention is not limited to the power storage device, and can be applied to all load drive sources provided separately from the fuel cell 20.
  • an internal combustion engine such as an engine can be used as a load drive source.
  • the power receiving mechanism can be used as a load drive source.
  • the aircraft is equipped with a gas turbine in addition to the fuel cell
  • the gas turbine can be used as a load drive source
  • a submarine equipped with a nuclear reactor in addition to the fuel cell If so, a nuclear power generation facility such as a nuclear reactor can be used as a load drive source.
  • a generator (alternator) that generates electric power with the driving force of the internal combustion engine may be used as a load driving source.
  • the total power that can be supplied to the load by each of these other load drive sources may be obtained, and it may be determined whether or not the obtained total is equal to or greater than the system required power (S 1041 b to S shown in FIG. 13). 1041 e See).
  • S 1 041 b to S 1041 e will be described.
  • the control unit 50 calculates the battery dischargeable power W 3
  • the internal combustion engine can be supplied based on a detection signal or the like of an internal combustion engine state detection sensor (not shown).
  • the power W 4 is calculated (S 1041 a ⁇ S 104 1 b).
  • the control unit 50 includes a power receiving state detection sensor, a gas turbine state detection sensor, a reactor state detection sensor (all not shown), and the like.
  • the nuclear power supply W 7 is calculated respectively (S 1041 c ⁇ S 1041 d ⁇ S 1041 e). Note that the power of other load driving sources that are not installed in the fuel cell system (for example, power W 4 that can be supplied to the internal combustion engine) is “0”.
  • the control unit 50 determines whether or not the total power that can be supplied by these other driving sources is equal to or greater than the vehicle required power P PW. Is determined (S 1 042 ⁇ S 1043). Since the subsequent processing can be described in the same manner as in the present embodiment, a description thereof will be omitted.
  • the present invention can be applied not only when there is one load drive source provided separately from the fuel cell 20, but also when there are a plurality of load drive sources. (2) Of course, the present embodiment may be applied to the first embodiment described above. Specifically, the fuel cell system 10 ′ shown in FIG. 10 is provided with temperature sensors T6, T7, ⁇ 9, ⁇ 61, ⁇ 5, and ⁇ 10. Just do it.
  • the detection accuracy it is possible not only to improve the detection accuracy by detecting the abnormality of the gas passage based on the change amount of the fuel gas in the closed space, but also by using a load drive source other than the fuel cell.
  • the detection frequency can be set high, and erroneous detection can be suppressed.
  • the first embodiment and the second embodiment there is one mode for detecting an abnormality in the gas passage.
  • gas leakage in the fuel gas passage open failure of each valve arranged on the gas passage, leakage from the gas passage
  • clogging of the fuel gas passage for example, clogging of the fuel gas passage (valve closure failure, foreign matter) (Existence of generated water, etc.) may be detected.
  • the case where an abnormality in the gas passage of the fuel gas is detected has been described.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

L’invention concerne un système de pile à combustible dans lequel la précision de détection d’une anomalie, telle qu’une fuite de combustible gazeux, dans un conduit de gaz peut être améliorée. Lorsqu’une section de commande (50) d’un système de pile à combustible (10) détecte une fuite de gaz, elle forme des régions d’espace fermées adjacentes en ouvrant et fermant une vanne (H200), etc., disposée dans un système de mise en circulation de combustible gazeux / d'alimentation en combustible gazeux. La section de commande (50) obtient la quantité de variation de la quantité de combustible gazeux après l'écoulement d'une durée prédéterminée, en fonction de la pression et de la température de chaque région d'espace, et détermine s’il y a ou non une fuite de combustible gazeux à partir de la quantité obtenue de variation de la quantité de combustible gazeux.
PCT/JP2005/017561 2004-09-21 2005-09-16 Systeme de pile a combustible, procede de detection des anomalies pour ce systeme et corps mobile WO2006033426A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2004-273547 2004-09-21
JP2004273547A JP2006092789A (ja) 2004-09-21 2004-09-21 燃料電池システム及び該システムを備えた車両
JP2004-273541 2004-09-21
JP2004273541A JP2006092786A (ja) 2004-09-21 2004-09-21 燃料電池システム及び該システムを備えた車両

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WO2006033426A1 true WO2006033426A1 (fr) 2006-03-30

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007004719A1 (fr) * 2005-07-01 2007-01-11 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Système de batterie à pile à combustible, procédé pour détecter une fuite de gaz dans un tel système et objet mobile
CN105277885A (zh) * 2014-07-17 2016-01-27 宁波金和锂电材料有限公司 一种缩短锂离子电池循环寿命评测时间的方法

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0922711A (ja) * 1995-07-05 1997-01-21 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 燃料電池および燃料電池の故障診断方法
JP2003148252A (ja) * 2001-11-14 2003-05-21 Honda Motor Co Ltd 燃料供給装置
JP2003308868A (ja) * 2002-04-18 2003-10-31 Nissan Motor Co Ltd ガス燃料供給装置
JP2003308866A (ja) * 2002-04-16 2003-10-31 Nissan Motor Co Ltd 燃料電池システムのガス漏れ検知方法及び装置
JP2004192919A (ja) * 2002-12-10 2004-07-08 Toyota Motor Corp 燃料電池システム
JP2005190764A (ja) * 2003-12-25 2005-07-14 Honda Motor Co Ltd 燃料電池システムにおける気密試験方法

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0922711A (ja) * 1995-07-05 1997-01-21 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 燃料電池および燃料電池の故障診断方法
JP2003148252A (ja) * 2001-11-14 2003-05-21 Honda Motor Co Ltd 燃料供給装置
JP2003308866A (ja) * 2002-04-16 2003-10-31 Nissan Motor Co Ltd 燃料電池システムのガス漏れ検知方法及び装置
JP2003308868A (ja) * 2002-04-18 2003-10-31 Nissan Motor Co Ltd ガス燃料供給装置
JP2004192919A (ja) * 2002-12-10 2004-07-08 Toyota Motor Corp 燃料電池システム
JP2005190764A (ja) * 2003-12-25 2005-07-14 Honda Motor Co Ltd 燃料電池システムにおける気密試験方法

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007004719A1 (fr) * 2005-07-01 2007-01-11 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Système de batterie à pile à combustible, procédé pour détecter une fuite de gaz dans un tel système et objet mobile
US8173315B2 (en) 2005-07-01 2012-05-08 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Fuel battery system, method for detecting gas leakage in such system, and mobile object
CN105277885A (zh) * 2014-07-17 2016-01-27 宁波金和锂电材料有限公司 一种缩短锂离子电池循环寿命评测时间的方法

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