WO2006027886A1 - 非水電解液二次電池用負極 - Google Patents
非水電解液二次電池用負極 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006027886A1 WO2006027886A1 PCT/JP2005/012062 JP2005012062W WO2006027886A1 WO 2006027886 A1 WO2006027886 A1 WO 2006027886A1 JP 2005012062 W JP2005012062 W JP 2005012062W WO 2006027886 A1 WO2006027886 A1 WO 2006027886A1
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- negative electrode
- active material
- current collecting
- layer
- secondary battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/661—Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a negative electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery such as a lithium ion secondary battery.
- a metal element that forms an alloy with lithium and an alloy that does not form an alloy with lithium has a metal element as a constituent element, is in contact with the electrolyte of the negative electrode and is connected to the surface facing the positive electrode and the output terminal.
- a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery having a high content of metal elements that do not form a metal see JP-A-8-50922. According to this negative electrode, even if a metal element that forms an alloy with lithium due to charge and discharge is finely powdered, conductivity is maintained through the metal that does not form an alloy with lithium.
- JP-A-8-50922 as a specific structure of the negative electrode, a powdery member containing a metal element that forms an alloy with lithium is formed by using a binder and an alloy with lithium. There have been proposed structures bonded to non-metallic current collectors and structures fired. In addition, it has also been proposed to dispose metal elements on the layer containing metal elements that form an alloy with lithium, without forming an alloy with lithium. Metal elements that do not form an alloy with lithium are formed, for example, by plating.
- the negative electrode described in the above-mentioned JP-A-8-50922 is caused by the fact that the thickness of the metal layer that does not form an alloy with lithium covering the negative electrode surface is as thin as about 50 nm. Therefore, sufficient surface coverage and strength cannot be obtained. As a result, the stress due to the volume change caused by the expansion and contraction of the active material due to charge / discharge cannot be sufficiently relaxed, and the negative electrode is significantly deformed. Moreover, when the active material is finely ground due to expansion and contraction, it cannot be effectively prevented from falling off. Therefore, it is not easy to improve the cycle characteristics of the negative electrode.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a negative electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery that can eliminate the various drawbacks of the above-described conventional technology.
- the present invention provides a negative electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery provided with an active material layer containing active material particles.
- a metal material deposited by electrolytic plating penetrates between the particles, and
- the object is achieved by providing a negative electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery having a large number of vertical holes that are open in at least one surface of the negative electrode and extend in the thickness direction of the active material layer. It is a thing.
- the present invention also provides a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprising the negative electrode.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a cross-sectional structure of a first embodiment of a negative electrode of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 (a) and FIG. 2 (g) are process diagrams showing an example of a method for producing the negative electrode shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a state in which a current collecting layer and fine voids are formed.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a cross-sectional structure of a second embodiment of the negative electrode of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 (a) and FIG. 5 (h) are process diagrams showing an example of a method for producing the negative electrode shown in FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a cross-sectional structure of a third embodiment of the negative electrode of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a cross-sectional structure of a fourth embodiment of the negative electrode of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 (a) and FIG. 8 (e) are process diagrams showing an example of a method for manufacturing the negative electrode shown in FIG.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing a cross-sectional structure of a fifth embodiment of the negative electrode of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 (a) to FIG. 10 (d) are photographs showing the appearance of the negative electrode obtained in Example 1 before use and after one cycle.
- FIG. 11 (a) to FIG. 11 (d) are scanning electron micrographs showing an enlarged surface and vertical section of the negative electrode obtained in Example 1.
- FIG. 11 (a) to FIG. 11 (d) are scanning electron micrographs showing an enlarged surface and vertical section of the negative electrode obtained in Example 1.
- the negative electrode 10 of the present embodiment has a first surface la and a second surface lb which are a pair of front and back surfaces in contact with the electrolytic solution.
- the negative electrode 10 includes an active material layer 2.
- the active material layer 2 is continuously covered with a pair of current collecting layers 3a and 3b formed on each surface of the layer 2, respectively.
- Each of the current collecting layers 3a and 3b includes a first surface la and a second surface lb.
- the electrode 10 is a thick film conductor for current collection called a current collector that has been used for conventional electrodes (for example, a metal foil having a thickness of about 12 to 35 ⁇ m is expanded metal). )! /, NA! /, ...
- the current collecting layers 3a and 3b have a current collecting function in the negative electrode 10 of the present embodiment.
- the current collecting layers 3a and 3b are also used to prevent the active material contained in the active material layer 2 from changing in volume due to charge / discharge and being pulverized and falling off.
- Each of the current collecting layers 3a and 3b is thinner than the thick film conductor for current collection used in the conventional electrode. Specifically, it is preferably a thin layer of about 0.3 to 10 m, particularly about 0.4 to 8 111, especially about 0.5 to 5 m. As a result, the active material layer 2 can be continuously coated almost uniformly with the minimum necessary thickness. As a result, the pulverized active material can be prevented from falling off. In addition, by making such a thin layer and not having a thick film conductor for current collection, the proportion of the active material in the whole negative electrode becomes relatively high, and per unit volume and unit weight. Energy density can be increased.
- the current collecting layers 3a and 3b in the above range are preferably formed by electrolytic plating as described later.
- the two current collecting layers 3a and 3b may have the same thickness or different thicknesses.
- the two current collecting layers 3a and 3b include the first surface la and the second surface lb, respectively. It is.
- the first surface la and the second surface lb are in contact with the electrolytic solution.
- a thick-film conductor for current collection in a conventional electrode has no active material layer on one side and is not in contact with the electrolyte when the active material layer is formed on both sides. Even if it is formed, only one surface is in contact with the electrolyte.
- the negative electrode 10 of the present embodiment does not have the current collecting thick film conductor used in the conventional electrode, and the layers located on the outermost surface of the electrode, that is, the current collecting layers 3a and 3b are collected. Combines the electric function and the function to prevent the pulverized active material from falling off!
- each of the current collecting layers 3a and 3b including the first surface la and the second surface lb has a current collecting function, when the negative electrode 10 of the present embodiment is incorporated in a battery, Has an advantage that a lead wire for current extraction can be connected to any of the current collecting layers 3a and 3b.
- Each current collecting layer 3a, 3b is made of a metal that can be a current collector of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- it is preferably made of a metal that can be a current collector of a lithium ion secondary battery.
- a metal include an element having a low ability to form a lithium compound.
- the element having a low ability to form a lithium compound include copper, nickel, iron, conoret or an alloy of these metals. Of these metals, it is particularly preferable to use copper, nickel, or an alloy thereof.
- it is preferable to use a nickel-tungsten alloy because the current collecting layers 3a and 3b can have high strength.
- the two current collecting layers 3a and 3b may have the same or different materials. “Lithium compound forming ability is low” means that lithium does not form an intermetallic compound or solid solution, or even if formed, the force is very small or very unstable.
- the active material layer 2 positioned between the current collecting layers 3a and 3b includes active material particles 2a.
- the active material layer 2 is formed, for example, by applying a conductive slurry containing the active material particles 2a.
- Examples of the active material include silicon-based materials, tin-based materials, aluminum-based materials, and germanium-based materials. In particular, a silicon-based material is preferable. Since the active material layer 2 is covered with the two current collecting layers 3a and 3b, the active material is effectively prevented from being pulverized and falling off due to charge / discharge. In addition, since the vertical holes described later are formed, the active material particles 2a can be in contact with the electrolytic solution, so that the electrode reaction is not hindered. Yes.
- the active material particles 2a preferably have a maximum particle size of 30 / z m or less, and more preferably 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the particle size of the particle is expressed as a D value of 0.1 to 8 ⁇ m, especially 0.3 to 2 ⁇ m
- the maximum particle size exceeds 30 m, the particles are likely to fall off, and the life of the electrode may be shortened.
- the lower limit of the particle size There is no particular limitation on the lower limit of the particle size, and the smaller the better. In view of the method for producing the particles, the lower limit is about 0.01 ⁇ m.
- the particle size is measured by laser diffraction scattering particle size distribution measurement and electron microscope observation (SEM observation).
- the amount of the active material relative to the whole negative electrode is too small, it is difficult to sufficiently increase the energy density of the battery. Conversely, if the amount is too large, the active material tends to fall off. Considering these, the amount of the active material is preferably 5 to 80% by weight, more preferably 10 to 50% by weight, and still more preferably 20 to 50% by weight with respect to the whole negative electrode.
- the thickness of the active material layer 2 can be appropriately adjusted according to the ratio of the amount of the active material to the whole negative electrode and the particle size of the active material, and is not particularly critical in the present embodiment. Generally 1 to: LOO / z m, especially about 3 to 60 / ⁇ ⁇ . As described later, the active material layer is preferably formed by applying a conductive slurry containing particles of the active material.
- the metal material 4 having a low lithium compound forming ability penetrates between particles contained in the layer.
- Metal material 4 is deposited between the particles by electrolytic plating. It is preferable that the metal material 4 penetrates over the entire thickness direction of the active material layer 2.
- the active material particles 2a are preferably present in the permeated material. That is, it is preferable that the active material particles 2a are not substantially exposed on the surface of the negative electrode 10 and are embedded in the current collecting layers 3a and 3b. As a result, the adhesion between the active material layer 2 and the current collecting layers 3a and 3b becomes strong, and the active material is further prevented from falling off.
- the metal material 4 penetrates into the active material layer 2 and has a low ability to form a lithium compound, and the metal material 4 has conductivity. Examples thereof include copper, nickel, iron, cobalt, or these metals. Examples include metal materials such as alloys. The material may be the same material as the material constituting the current collecting layers 3a and 3b, or may be a different material.
- the metal material 4 having a low lithium compound-forming ability penetrating into the active material layer 2 penetrates the active material layer 2 in the thickness direction.
- the two current collecting layers 3a and 3b are electrically conducted through the metal material 4, and the electron conductivity of the negative electrode as a whole is increased. That is, the negative electrode 10 of the present embodiment as a whole has a current collecting function.
- the permeation of the metal material 4 having a low lithium compound forming ability throughout the thickness direction of the active material layer 2 can be confirmed by electron microscope mapping using the material as a measurement target. A preferred method for allowing the metal material 4 having a low lithium compound forming ability to penetrate into the active material layer 2 will be described later.
- the proportion of voids in the active material layer 2 is preferably about 0.1 to 30% by volume, and more preferably about 0.5 to 5% by volume.
- the void ratio can be determined by electron microscope mapping. Since the active material layer 2 is formed by applying and drying a conductive slurry containing active material particles 2 a, voids are naturally formed in the active material layer 2.
- the particle diameter of the active material particles 2a, the composition of the conductive slurry, and the application conditions of the slurry may be appropriately selected.
- the slurry may be applied and dried to form the active material layer 2 and then pressed under appropriate conditions to adjust the void ratio.
- the voids do not include the vertical holes 5 described later.
- the active material layer may contain a conductive carbon material in addition to the active material particles 2a. This further imparts electronic conductivity to the negative electrode 10. From this point of view, in the active material layer
- the amount of conductive carbon material included is preferably 0.1 to 20% by weight, in particular 1 to: LO% by weight.
- particles such as acetylene black and graphite are used as the conductive carbon material.
- the particle size of these particles is preferably 40 ⁇ m or less, and particularly preferably 20 ⁇ m or less, from the viewpoint of further imparting electron conductivity.
- the lower limit of the particle size of the particles There is no particular limitation on the lower limit of the particle size of the particles, and the smaller the better. In view of the method for producing the particles, the lower limit is about 0.01 m.
- the negative electrode 10 has a number of vertical holes 5 that are open in the surface of the negative electrode 10 and extend in the thickness direction of the active material layer 2 and the current collecting layers 3a and 3b. .
- the vertical hole 5 penetrates in the thickness direction of the negative electrode 10.
- the active material layer 2 is exposed on the wall surface of the vertical hole 5.
- the role of the vertical hole 5 is roughly divided into the following.
- the active material layer 2 is exposed at the wall surface of the vertical hole 5. Since the metal material 4 permeates between the active material particles 2a in the active material layer, the particles 2a are prevented from falling off. It has been.
- the other is the role of relieving the stress caused by the volume change when the volume of the active material particles 2a in the active material layer changes due to charge / discharge.
- the relaxation of the stress due to the volume change occurs mainly in the planar direction of the negative electrode 10. That is, the active material particles 2a whose volume has been increased by charging are absorbed by the vertical holes 5 which are the increased component force space of the volume. As a result, significant deformation of the negative electrode 10 is effectively prevented.
- Another role of the vertical hole 5 is that the gas generated in the negative electrode can be released to the outside. Specifically, H, CO, CO
- the vertical hole 5 the gas is released to the outside of the negative electrode through this, so that the polarization caused by the gas can be reduced. Furthermore, the other role of the vertical hole 5 is to dissipate the negative electrode. Specifically, the formation of the vertical holes 5 increases the specific surface area of the negative electrode, so that the heat generated by the occlusion of Li is efficiently released to the outside of the negative electrode. Further, when stress is generated due to the volume change of the active material particles 2a, heat may be generated due to the stress. By forming the vertical hole 5, the stress is relieved. Therefore, heat generation itself is suppressed.
- the vertical holes are formed in the surface of the negative electrode 10.
- the value obtained by dividing the total area of the area of the vertical holes 5 by the apparent area of the surface of the negative electrode 10 and multiplying by 100 is 0.3 to 30%, especially 2 to 15%. preferable.
- the opening diameter of the vertical holes 5 opened on the surface of the negative electrode 10 is preferably 5 to 500 m, particularly 20 to LOO / z m.
- the electrolyte can be sufficiently supplied into the active material layer, and the active material particles 2a The stress due to the volume change can be effectively relieved.
- an average of 100 to 250,000, especially 1000 to 40,000, especially 5000 to 20000 vertical holes 5 are opened in an observation field of lcm ⁇ lcm square. I like to punch! /!
- the vertical hole 5 penetrates in the thickness direction of the negative electrode 10.
- the vertical holes 5 are negative electrodes. It is not necessary to penetrate through in the thickness direction of the electrode 10 as long as it is open at the surface of the anode 10 and reaches at least the active material layer 2.
- each of the current collecting layers 3 a and 3 b is open in the first surface la and the second surface lb, which are the surfaces thereof, and communicates with the active material layer 2. It is preferable to have a fine void 6 (it should be noted that the fine void 6 is different from the void formed in the active material layer 2).
- the fine gap 6 exists in the current collecting layers 3a and 3b so as to extend in the thickness direction of the current collecting layers 3a and 3b.
- the fine gap 6 is one that allows the electrolyte solution to flow.
- the fine void 6 has a finer structure than the vertical hole 5 described above. The role of the fine voids 6 assists the role of the vertical holes 5 when the electrolyte is sufficiently supplied into the active material layer. Therefore, the fine void 6 is not an essential structure in the present invention.
- the fine gap 6 is a fine one having a width of about 0.1 ⁇ m to about 10 m when the current collecting layers 3a and 3b are observed in cross section. Although it is fine, the fine gap 6 has a width that allows the electrolyte to penetrate. However, the surface tension of non-aqueous electrolytes is higher than that of aqueous electrolytes. Since it is small, it can penetrate sufficiently even if the width of the fine gap 6 is small.
- the fine gap 6 is preferably formed at the same time when the current collecting layers 3a and 3b are formed by electroplating.
- the average pore area of the microvoids 6 on at least one surface is 0.1 to 50 / ⁇ ⁇ 2 . Yes, preferably 0.1 to 20 / ⁇ ⁇ 2 , more preferably 0.5 to about LO / zm 2 .
- the charge / discharge capacity can be increased from the initial stage of charge / discharge.
- the opening of the fine void 6 with respect to the area of the observation field is preferably 0.1 to 20%, and more preferably 0.5 to 10%.
- the reason for this is the same as setting the aperture area of the fine gap 6 within the above range.
- the current collecting layer 3b is formed by electrolytic plating, then the active material layer 2 is formed thereon, and further the current collecting layer 3a is formed thereon by electrolytic plating, and finally the vertical holes 5
- carrier foil 11 is prepared as shown in FIG.
- the carrier foil 11 is used as a support for manufacturing the negative electrode 10. Further, the manufactured negative electrode 10 is supported before use or during the battery assembling power, and is used to improve the handling and performance of the negative electrode 10. From these viewpoints, it is preferable that the carrier foil 11 has such strength that no distortion occurs in the manufacturing process of the negative electrode 10 and in the transporting process and the battery assembling process after manufacturing. Better ,. Accordingly, the thickness of the carrier foil 11 is preferably about 10 to 50 m. As described above, the important role of the carrier foil 11 is a support for manufacturing the negative electrode 10. Therefore, if the current collecting layer 3b has sufficient strength, it is necessary to manufacture the negative electrode 10 using a carrier foil. do not do.
- the carrier foil 11 it is preferable to use a conductive foil.
- the carrier foil 11 may not be made of metal as long as it has conductivity.
- the use of the metal carrier foil 11 has an advantage that the carrier foil 11 can be melted and formed and recycled after the negative electrode 10 is manufactured.
- the carrier foil 11 is configured to include at least one metal of Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, Cr, Sn, Zn, In, Ag, Au, Al, and Ti. And prefer to be.
- the carrier foil 11 a foil manufactured by various methods such as a rolled foil and an electrolytic foil can be used without any particular limitation. From the viewpoint of controlling the existence density of fine voids in the current collecting layer 3b formed on the carrier foil 11, the surface of the carrier foil 11 is preferably somewhat uneven. Each surface of the rolled foil is smooth due to its manufacturing method. On the other hand, the electrolytic foil has a rough surface on one side and a smooth surface on the other side. A rough surface is a precipitation surface at the time of manufacturing electrolytic foil. Therefore, if the current collecting layer 3b is formed on the rough surface of the carrier foil 11 made of the electrolytic foil, it is easy because the labor for carrying out the roughening treatment on the carrier foil can be omitted.
- the surface roughness Ra (jIS B 0601) is preferably 0.05 to 5 m, particularly 0.2 to 0.8 m. It is preferable because it can easily form a fine void having a diameter and a density of existence.
- a release agent is applied to one surface of the carrier foil 11 to perform a release treatment.
- the release agent is preferably applied to the rough surface of the carrier foil 11.
- the stripping agent is used to successfully strip the negative electrode 10 with the carrier foil 11 force in the stripping step described later.
- the release agent it is preferable to use an organic compound, and it is particularly preferable to use a nitrogen-containing compound or a sulfur-containing compound.
- Nitrogen-containing compounds include, for example, benzotriazole (BTA), carboxybenzotriazole (CBTA), tolyltriazole ( ⁇ ), ⁇ ', N'-bis (benzotriazolylmethyl) urea (BTD-U) And triazole-based compounds such as 3-amino-1H-1, 2,4-triazole (AT A) are preferably used.
- sulfur-containing compounds include mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), thiocyanouric acid (TCA), and 2-benzimidazole thiol (BIT). These organic compounds are alcohol, water, It is used after being dissolved in a medium or an alkaline solvent.
- the concentration is preferably 2 to 5 gZl.
- the peelability can be controlled by the concentration of the release agent and the coating amount.
- it is also effective to form an inorganic release layer by chromium, lead, chromate treatment or the like instead of the release layer by an organic compound.
- the step of applying the release agent is only performed in order to successfully peel off the negative electrode 10 from the carrier foil 11 in the later-described peeling step (FIG. 2 (g)). Therefore, even if this step is omitted, fine voids can be formed in the current collecting layer 3b.
- a release agent (not shown) is applied, and then a coating liquid containing a conductive polymer is applied and dried to form a coating film 12.
- the coating liquid is applied to the rough surface of the carrier foil 11, it tends to accumulate in the recesses on the rough surface. If the solvent volatilizes in this state, the thickness of the coating film 12 becomes non-uniform. That is, the thickness of the coating film corresponding to the concave portion of the rough surface is small, and the thickness of the coating film corresponding to the large convex portion is small.
- a large number of fine voids are formed in the current collecting layer 3b by utilizing the thickness non-uniformity of the coating film 12.
- the conductive polymer a conventionally known polymer having no particular limitation can be used.
- PVDF poly (vinylidene fluoride)
- PEO polyethylene oxide
- PAN polyacryl-tolyl
- PMMA polymethylmetatalylate
- the conductive polymer is preferably a fluorine-containing conductive polymer. This is because the fluorine-containing polymer has high thermal and chemical stability and excellent mechanical strength. Considering these, it is particularly preferable to use polyvinylidene fluoride, which is a fluorine-containing polymer having lithium ion conductivity.
- the coating liquid containing the conductive polymer is obtained by dissolving the conductive polymer in a volatile organic solvent.
- a volatile organic solvent for example, when polyvinylidene fluoride is used as the conductive polymer, N-methylpyrrolidone or the like can be used.
- the mechanism by which the current collecting layer 3b having a large number of fine voids is formed on the carrier foil 11 is considered as follows.
- the carrier foil 11 on which the coating film 12 is formed is subjected to an electrolysis process, and a current collecting layer 3b is formed on the coating film 12 as shown in FIG. 2 (c).
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the main part of FIG. 2 (c).
- Conductive polymer composing coating film 12 One has electronic conductivity, although not as much as metal. Therefore, the coating film 12 has different electron conductivity depending on its thickness.
- Fine voids 6 are formed in 3b. That is, the portion where the electrodeposition rate is low, in other words, the thick portion of the coating film 12 tends to become the fine void 6.
- the surface roughness Ra of the rough surface of the carrier foil 11 can control the existence density of the pore diameters of the fine voids 6 as described above.
- the conductivity contained in the coating liquid The pore density of the fine void 6 can also be controlled by the polymer concentration. For example, when the concentration of the conductive polymer is low, the pore diameter tends to be small, and the existence density tends to be small. Conversely, when the concentration of the conductive polymer is high, the pore diameter tends to increase. From this viewpoint, the concentration of the conductive polymer in the coating solution is preferably 0.05 to 5% by weight, particularly 1 to 3% by weight.
- the plating bath and tightness conditions for forming the current collecting layer 3b are appropriately selected according to the constituent material of the current collecting layer 3b.
- a copper sulfate bath or a copper pyrophosphate bath having the following composition can be used as a plating bath.
- the bath temperature is preferably about 40 to 70 ° C.
- the current density is preferably about 0.5 to 50 AZdm 2 .
- the release agent layer and the conductive polymer layer composed of an organic agent can be formed by dipping in addition to coating.
- an active material layer 2 is formed by applying a conductive slurry containing active material particles on the current collecting layer 3 b.
- the slurry contains conductive carbon material particles, a binder, a diluting solvent, and the like.
- the active material particles and the conductive carbon material particles are as described above.
- a binder Bifluoridene fluoride (PVDF), polyethylene (PE), ethylene propylene monomer (EPDM), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) and the like are used.
- As the diluting solvent N-methylpyrrolidone, cyclohexane or the like is used.
- the amount of active material particles in the slurry is preferably about 14 to 40% by weight.
- the amount of the conductive carbon material particles is preferably about 0.4 to 4% by weight.
- the amount of the binder is preferably about 0.4 to 4% by weight.
- a dilution solvent is added to these to form a slurry.
- the active material layer 2 is formed by drying the slurry coating.
- the formed active material layer 2 has a large number of minute spaces between the particles.
- the carrier foil 11 on which the active material layer 2 is formed is immersed in a plating bath containing a metal material having a low lithium compound forming ability to perform electroplating. By immersion in the plating bath, the plating solution penetrates into the minute space in the active material layer 2 and reaches the interface between the active material layer 2 and the current collecting layer 3b. Under this condition, electrolytic plating is performed (hereinafter, this plating is also referred to as penetration plating).
- the conditions for penetration are important in order to precipitate a metal material having a low ability to form a lithium compound in the active material layer 2.
- the copper concentration is 30 to: LOOgZl
- the sulfuric acid concentration is 50 to 200 gZl
- the chlorine concentration is 30 ppm or less.
- the liquid temperature is 30 to 80 ° C and the current density is 1 to LOOAZdm 2 .
- the copper concentration is 2-50 gZl
- the potassium pyrophosphate concentration is 100-700 gZl
- the solution temperature is 30-60.
- the current collecting layer 3 a is formed on the active material layer 2.
- the active material layer 2 since the active material layer 2 includes the active material particles 2a and the like, the surface thereof is rough. Therefore, the current collecting layer 3a If the same means as that used to form the current collecting layer 3b on the rough surface of the carrier foil 11 that also serves as the electrolytic foil is used, a large number of fine voids 6 can be formed in the current collecting layer 3a. Is also possible. That is, a coating liquid containing a conductive polymer is applied to the surface of the active material layer 2 and dried to form a coating film. Next, using the same conditions as those for forming the current collecting layer 3b, the current collecting layer 3a is formed on the coating film by electrolytic plating as shown in FIG. 2 (e). As described above, it is not essential in the present invention to form fine voids in the current collecting layer. Therefore, when fine voids are not formed in the current collecting layer, a coating containing a conductive polymer is used. The liquid coating process is not necessary
- the vertical holes 5 penetrating both the current collecting layers 3a and 3b and the active material layer 2 are formed by a predetermined drilling cage.
- the vertical hole 5 can be formed by laser processing.
- drilling can be performed mechanically with a needle or punch.
- the active material is prevented from falling off the wall force of the vertical holes 5.
- sand blasting can be used, or the vertical holes 5 can be formed by using a photoresist technique.
- the vertical holes 5 are preferably formed so as to exist at substantially equal intervals. This is because the entire electrode can react uniformly.
- the carrier foil 11 is peeled and separated from the current collecting layer 3b.
- the negative electrode 10 is obtained.
- the force drawn so that the conductive polymer coating 12 remains on the current collecting layer 3b side.
- the coating film 12 is applied to the carrier foil 11 side depending on the thickness and the type of the conductive polymer. It may remain, or it may remain on the current collecting layer 3b side. Or they may remain in both.
- the negative electrode 10 may be supported on the carrier foil 11 without being peeled off from the carrier foil 11 before use.
- the negative electrode of the present embodiment is used with a known positive electrode, separator, and non-aqueous electrolyte solution to form a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- the positive electrode is prepared by suspending a positive electrode active material and, if necessary, a conductive agent and a binder in an appropriate solvent to prepare a positive electrode mixture. It is obtained by applying and drying to an electric body, then rolling and pressing, and further cutting and punching.
- the positive electrode active material conventionally known positive electrode active materials such as lithium nickel composite oxide, lithium manganese composite oxide, and lithium cobalt composite oxide are used.
- As the separator a synthetic resin non-woven fabric, polyethylene, polypropylene porous film or the like is preferably used.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte also has a solution power obtained by dissolving a lithium salt as a supporting electrolyte in an organic solvent.
- a lithium salt examples include LiCIO, LiAlCl, LiPF, LiAsF, LiSbF, LiSCN, LiCl, LiBr, Lil, LiCF SO
- FIG. 4 the same members as those in FIGS. 1 to 3 are denoted by the same reference numerals.
- the negative electrode 10 of the present embodiment has two negative electrode precursors 20 and a metal lithium layer 7 as its basic constituent members.
- the metallic lithium layer 7 is sandwiched between the negative electrode precursors 20.
- the negative electrode precursor 20 includes a current collecting layer 3 and an active material layer 2 disposed on one surface of the current collecting layer 3. As shown in FIG. 4, the metal lithium layer 7 is sandwiched between the negative electrode precursors 20 so that the active material layers 2 of each negative electrode precursor 20 face each other and the current collecting layer 3 faces outward. Yes.
- the metallic lithium layer 7 interposed between the two active material layers 2 forms a local battery with the active material (negative electrode active material) in the presence of the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the metal lithium chemically reacts with the active material located in the vicinity of the metal lithium layer 7 to form a lithiated product.
- lithium reacts with the active material due to a concentration gradient of lithium to form a lithium compound.
- the metal lithium layer 7 acts as a lithium supply source. As a result, even if lithium is consumed due to a reaction with an electrolyte during charge / discharge cycles or long-term storage, lithium is supplied from the lithiated product, so that the problem of lithium depletion is solved.
- the metal lithium layer 7 is not exposed on the surface of the negative electrode 10 and is located inside the negative electrode 10, and lithium reacts with the active material to form a lithiated product, so that an internal short circuit or ignition is caused. Causes lithium There is little risk of the formation of dendrites. In the lithium metal layer 7 after the reaction of lithium, there is a lithium compound that has undergone volume expansion due to a reaction between lithium and the active material.
- the reaction between the lithium metal and the active material occurs even if the negative electrode 10 is not charged in the battery. This phenomenon was first seen by the present inventors. The reaction between metallic lithium and the active material occurs before the battery is installed, so that the active material has already increased in volume before the battery is installed. Therefore, even if the negative electrode 10 is subsequently incorporated into the battery and charged and discharged, the expansion rate of the negative electrode 10 due to charge and discharge is extremely small. As a result, the negative electrode 10 of the present embodiment has a very advantageous effect that deformation due to the volume change of the active material due to charge / discharge is extremely difficult to occur.
- the amount of metallic lithium is preferably 0.1 to 70%, particularly 5 to 30%, based on the saturation reversible capacity of the active material, because the capacity recovery characteristics are improved.
- the negative electrode precursor 20 is manufactured.
- a carrier foil 11 is prepared as shown in FIG. 5 (a).
- a release agent is applied on one surface of the carrier foil 11 to perform a release treatment.
- a coating liquid containing a conductive polymer is applied and dried to form a coating film 12.
- the current collecting layer 3 is formed by applying the coating film 12 and electrodepositing the constituent material of the current collecting layer 3 by electrolytic plating. On the current collecting layer 3, as shown in FIG.
- an active material layer 2 is formed by applying a conductive slurry containing active material particles. After the slurry coating is dried and the active material layer 2 is formed, the carrier foil 11 on which the active material layer 2 is formed is dipped in a plating bath having a low lithium compound forming ability and containing a metal material. And do penetration penetration.
- the negative electrode precursor 20 including the current collecting layer 3 and the active material layer 2 in this order on the carrier foil 11 is formed.
- the metal lithium foil 30 is sandwiched between the negative electrode precursors 20 so that the active material layers 2 in the respective negative electrode precursors 20 face each other. Accordingly, the metal lithium foil 30 and the negative electrode precursors 20 are bonded together to be integrated.
- these three members can be bonded together by an operation in which the metallic lithium foil 30 and the negative electrode precursors 20 are simply overlapped and pressed. Strengthen the bonding In such a case, these three members may be bonded using a conductive adhesive material such as a conductive paste.
- the carrier foil may be separated and removed in advance before the pair of negative electrode precursors 20 are bonded together.
- one carrier foil 11 is peeled off from the current collecting layer 3 to expose the current collecting layer 3.
- one of the current collecting layers 3 is exposed, as shown in FIG. 5 (g), it penetrates both the current collecting layers 3 and 3, both the active material layers 2 and 2 and the metal lithium foil 30 by a predetermined drilling calorie.
- a vertical hole 5 is formed.
- the other carrier foil 11 is peeled and separated from the other current collecting layer 3. As a result, the intended negative electrode 10 is obtained.
- a single active material layer 2 and a single metal lithium layer 7 are interposed between a pair of current collecting layers 3a and 3b. And many vertical holes 5 which penetrate the negative electrode 10 in the thickness direction are formed.
- the active material layer 2 and the current collecting layer 3a adjacent to the active material layer 2 correspond to the negative electrode precursor 20 in the negative electrode of the second embodiment.
- a fine gap (not shown) is formed in the current collecting layer 3a adjacent to the active material layer 2 as necessary.
- no fine voids are formed in the current collecting layer 3b adjacent to the metal lithium layer 7.
- a negative electrode 10 of the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 7 includes a pair of negative electrode precursors 20 including an active material layer 2 and a current collecting layer 3 adjacent thereto. Also provided is a conductive foil 8 with a metallic lithium layer 7 disposed on each side. The conductive foil 8 with the metallic lithium layer 7 disposed on each surface is formed between the negative electrode precursors 20 so that the active material layers 2 of the negative electrode precursors 20 face each other and the current collecting layer 3 faces outward. It is pinched. In the current collecting layer 3, fine voids (not shown) are formed as necessary. Furthermore, a number of vertical holes 5 that penetrate the negative electrode 10 in the thickness direction are formed.
- the negative electrode 10 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 7 is higher in strength than the negative electrode of the embodiment shown in FIG. This is advantageous when making Jerry 'roll' type batteries. From this viewpoint, the thickness of the conductive foil 8 is preferred. Or 5-20 / ⁇ ⁇ .
- the conductive foil 8 is generally composed of a metal foil. Examples of the material constituting the conductive foil 8 include a metal material having a low lithium compound forming ability. As such a material, the same material as described above as the current collecting layer 3 and the metal material 4 used for permeation can be used. From the viewpoint of increasing the strength, it is also effective to use a stainless steel foil or a high strength rolled alloy foil.
- a preferred method for manufacturing the negative electrode 10 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 7 is as follows. First, as shown in FIG. 8A, a conductive foil 8 is prepared, and a metal lithium layer 7 is formed on each surface thereof.
- the metal lithium layer 7 can be formed by a known thin film forming means, for example, a vacuum evaporation method.
- a negative electrode precursor 20 composed of the active material layer 2 and the current collecting layer 3 adjacent thereto is manufactured in advance, and FIG. ), The conductive foil 8 on which the metal lithium layer 7 is formed is sandwiched between a pair of negative electrode precursors 20.
- the negative electrode precursor 20 is supported by the carrier foil 11.
- the active material layers 2 in each negative electrode precursor 20 face each other, and the current collecting layer 3 faces outward.
- one carrier foil 11 is peeled off from the current collecting layer 3 to expose the current collecting layer 3.
- both current collecting layers 3 and 3 both active material layers 2 and 2, both metal lithium layers 7 and 7, and A vertical hole 5 penetrating the conductive foil 8 is formed.
- the other carrier foil 11 is peeled and separated from the other current collecting layer 3. As a result, the intended negative electrode 10 is obtained.
- the negative electrode 10 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 9 has a current collector 9 unlike the negative electrode of the embodiments described so far.
- the negative electrode 10 has an active material layer 2 on a current collector 9. Since the negative electrode 10 of this embodiment has the current collector 9, it is not necessary to provide a current collector layer on the active material layer 2.
- the active material layer 2 includes particles 2a of the active material, and a metal material 4 having a low lithium compound forming ability penetrates between the particles 2a.
- the negative electrode 10 has a large number of vertical holes 5 which are opened in the surface of the active material layer 2 and extend in the thickness direction of the active material layer 2.
- the current collector 9 can be the same as that used in the past as a current collector for a negative electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- the current collector is preferably composed of a metal material 4 having a low lithium compound forming ability. Examples of such metal materials are as already mentioned It is. In particular, copper, nickel, stainless steel and the like are preferable.
- the thickness of the current collector 9 is not critical in the present embodiment, but is preferably 10-30 ⁇ m in consideration of the balance between maintaining the strength of the negative electrode 10 and improving the energy density.
- the negative electrode 10 of the present embodiment can be manufactured by a method similar to the method of manufacturing the negative electrode of the first embodiment. First, a slurry containing the active material particles 2 a is applied to one surface of the current collector 9 to form a coating film. The current collector 9 on which the coating film is formed is immersed in a plating bath containing a metal material having a low lithium compound forming ability to perform electroplating. Thereby, the active material layer 2 is formed. Finally, a number of vertical holes 5 extending in the thickness direction of the active material layer 2 are formed in the active material layer 2 by drilling the active material layer 2.
- the active material layer 2 is formed only on one surface of the current collector 9, but instead, the active material layer 2 is formed on both surfaces of the current collector 9.
- each active material layer 2 ⁇ vertical holes 5 may be formed. Further, the vertical hole 5 may penetrate the current collector 9.
- V may be used for the negative electrode of the embodiment shown in FIG. 9, and expanded metal may be used as the current collector.
- the negative electrode precursor 20 is superposed on each surface of a current collector thick film conductor called a current collector that has been used for conventional electrodes, and vertical holes penetrating them in the thickness direction are formed. It may be formed to constitute the negative electrode.
- the vertical holes 5 do not have to be formed in the metallic lithium layer 7 and the conductive foil 8.
- the negative electrode of each of the above embodiments can be used alone, or the negative electrode can be used as a negative electrode precursor, and a plurality of the negative electrode precursors can be stacked. Noh. In the latter case, a conductive foil (for example, a metal foil) serving as a core material may be interposed between adjacent negative electrode precursors.
- a conductive foil for example, a metal foil
- the current collecting layer 3 (3a, 3b) has a single-layer structure. Instead, it may have a multilayer structure composed of two or more different layers of materials.
- the current collecting layer 3 (3a, 3b) has a two-layer structure consisting of an inner layer made of nickel and an outer layer made of copper. The remarkable deformation of the negative electrode due to the volume change can be more effectively prevented.
- the material of the current collecting layer 3 (3a, 3b) and the lithium compound permeating into the active material layer 2 have a low ability to form and the metal material is different
- the metal material having a low lithium compound forming ability that penetrates into the active material layer may exist up to the boundary between the active material layer 2 and the current collecting layer 3 (3a, 3b).
- the metal material having a low lithium compound forming ability may constitute a part of the current collecting layer 3 (3a, 3b) beyond the boundary.
- the constituent material of the current collecting layer 3 (3a, 3b) may exist in the active material layer 2 beyond the boundary.
- the negative electrode shown in FIG. 1 was produced.
- a copper carrier foil (thickness 35 ⁇ m) obtained by electrolysis was acid-washed at room temperature for 30 seconds. Subsequently, it was washed with pure water at room temperature for 30 seconds.
- the carrier foil was immersed in a 3.5 gZl CBTA solution kept at 40 ° C. for 30 seconds. In this way, peeling treatment was performed. After the stripping treatment, it was lifted from the solution and washed with pure water for 15 seconds.
- a slurry containing negative electrode active material particles was applied on the current collecting layer to a thickness of 20 m to form an active material layer.
- the carrier foil is immersed in a Watt bath having the following bath composition: Then, penetration of nickel into the active material layer was performed by electrolysis. The current density was 5A, the bath temperature was 50 ° C, and the pH was 5. A nickel electrode was used as the anode. A direct current power source was used as the power source. This permeation was performed to such an extent that some active material particles were exposed from the plated surface. After lifting from the plating bath, it was washed with pure water for 30 seconds and dried in the air.
- electrolytic plating was performed by immersing the carrier foil in a Cu-based plating bath.
- the composition of the plating bath was 200 g / l for HPO power 200 gZl and Cu (PO) 3 ⁇ . Also for plating
- the conditions were a current density of 5AZdm 2 and a bath temperature of 40 ° C. As a result, a current collecting layer made of copper was formed on the active material layer. This current collecting layer was formed to a thickness of 8 m. After lifting from the plating bath, it was washed with pure water for 30 seconds and dried in the air.
- a YAG laser was irradiated toward the current collecting layer formed on the active material layer, and vertical holes were regularly formed.
- the vertical hole was formed so as to penetrate both the current collecting layers and the active material layer located between them.
- the diameter of the vertical holes was 25 ⁇ m, and the pitch was 100 m (10000 holes Zcm 2 ).
- FIG. 10 shows the appearance of the obtained negative electrode before use and after one cycle.
- FIG. 11 shows scanning electron micrographs of the surface and longitudinal section of the obtained negative electrode. As a result of observation with a scanning electron microscope, it is confirmed that the current collecting layer on the side peeled off from the carrier foil has 30 micropores on average within a square area of 100 m ⁇ 100 / zm. confirmed.
- the negative electrode shown in FIG. 4 was produced.
- Electrolytic plating was performed by immersing the carrier foil in an SO-based plating bath. This is from copper
- a current collecting layer was formed on the coating film.
- the composition of the plating bath is 250gZl for CuSO and HSO It was 70 gZl. Current density was 5AZdm 2.
- the current collecting layer was formed to a thickness of 5 m. After lifting from the bath, it was washed with pure water for 30 seconds and dried in the atmosphere.
- a slurry containing negative electrode active material particles was applied on the current collecting layer to a thickness of 15 m to form an active material layer.
- the carrier foil was immersed in a Watt bath having the following bath composition, and nickel was permeated into the active material layer by electrolysis.
- the current density was 5AZd.
- the bath temperature was 50 ° C and the pH was 5.
- a nickel electrode was used as the anode.
- a DC power source was used as the power source. After lifting from the plating bath, it was washed with pure water for 30 seconds and dried in the atmosphere. Thus, a negative electrode precursor supported on the carrier foil was obtained.
- a metal lithium foil having a thickness of 25 ⁇ m prepared separately from the negative electrode precursor was sandwiched between a pair of negative electrode precursors. The sandwiching was performed so that the active material layers in each negative electrode precursor face each other. As a result, each negative electrode precursor and metallic lithium were bonded together and integrated.
- the current collector layer was exposed by peeling from one of the carrier foil layers.
- the exposed current collecting layer was irradiated with a YAG laser, and vertical holes penetrating each negative electrode precursor and the metal lithium foil were regularly formed.
- the diameter of the vertical holes was 25 m, and the pitch was 100 m (10000 holes Zc m 2 ).
- the other carrier foil and the current collecting layer were peeled off to obtain a target negative electrode.
- the amount of metallic lithium in the negative electrode was 30% with respect to the saturation reversible capacity of the active material.
- the negative electrode shown in FIG. 6 was produced. First, a negative electrode precursor supported on a carrier foil was obtained by the same operation as in Example 2. Next, apart from the negative electrode precursor, a 10 m thick metallic lithium layer was formed on one surface of a 5 m thick copper foil (current collecting layer) by vacuum deposition. This copper foil And the previously produced negative electrode precursor were bonded and integrated. The bonding was performed so that the metallic lithium layer in the copper foil and the active material layer in the negative electrode precursor were in contact with each other.
- the YAG laser was irradiated toward the copper foil, and vertical holes penetrating the copper foil, the metal lithium layer, and the negative electrode precursor were regularly formed.
- the diameter of the vertical holes was 25 / zm and the pitch was 100 / ⁇ ⁇ (10 000 holes / cm 2 ).
- the carrier foil and the current collecting layer were peeled off to obtain a target negative electrode.
- the amount of metallic lithium in the negative electrode was 25% with respect to the saturation reversible capacity of the active material.
- the negative electrode shown in FIG. 7 was produced according to the method shown in FIG. First, a negative electrode precursor supported by a carrier foil was obtained by the same operation as in Example 2. Separately from the negative electrode precursor, a 10 m thick metallic lithium layer was formed on each surface of a 10 m thick copper foil by vacuum deposition. Next, this copper foil was sandwiched between a pair of negative electrode precursors previously produced. The sandwiching was performed so that the active material layers in each negative electrode precursor face each other and the current collecting layer faced outward. As a result, the copper foil having the metal lithium layer on each surface and each negative electrode precursor were bonded and integrated.
- the current collector layer was exposed by peeling from one of the carrier foil layers.
- the exposed current collecting layer was irradiated with a YAG laser, and vertical holes penetrating the copper foil having each negative electrode precursor and a metal lithium layer on each surface were regularly formed.
- the diameter of the vertical holes was 25 m, and the pitch was 100 m (10000 holes Zcm 2 ).
- the other carrier foil and the current collecting layer were peeled off to obtain a target negative electrode.
- the amount of metallic lithium in the negative electrode was 25% with respect to the saturation reversible capacity of the active material.
- a pair of negative electrode precursors was obtained in the same manner as in Example 4.
- the active material layer in these negative electrode precursors was exposed and irradiated with a YAG laser toward the surface, and vertical holes penetrating the negative electrode precursors were regularly formed.
- the diameter of the vertical holes was 25 / ⁇ ⁇ , and the pitch was 100 / z m (10000 holes ⁇ cm).
- Example 4 a copper foil obtained by the same operation as in Example 4 and having a metal lithium layer on both sides was obtained. And sandwiched between a pair of negative electrode precursors in which vertical holes were formed. The sandwiching was performed so that the active material layers in each negative electrode precursor face each other and the current collecting layer faced outward. Thereby, the copper foil having the metal lithium layer on each surface and the respective negative electrode precursors were superposed and integrated. Finally, the carrier foil and the current collecting layer were peeled off to obtain a target negative electrode. The amount of metallic lithium in the negative electrode was 27% with respect to the saturation reversible capacity of the active material.
- a negative electrode was obtained in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the diameter of the vertical holes was 15 ⁇ m and the pitch was 100 m (10000 holes Zcm 2 ).
- a negative electrode was obtained in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the diameter of the vertical holes was 25 ⁇ m and the pitch was 200 m (2500 holes Zcm 2 ).
- a negative electrode was obtained in the same manner as in Example 5, except that the diameter of the vertical holes was 50 ⁇ m and the pitch was 100 m (10000 holes Zcm 2 ).
- a negative electrode was obtained in the same manner as in Example 5, except that the diameter of the vertical holes was 50 ⁇ m and the pitch was 200 m (2500 holes Zcm 2 ).
- a negative electrode was obtained in the same manner as in Example 5, except that the diameter of the vertical holes was 100 m and the pitch was 300 m (1111 holes Zcm 2 ).
- a negative electrode was obtained in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the diameter of the vertical holes was 250 ⁇ m and the pitch was 1000 m (100 holes Zcm 2 ).
- Example 5 when producing the negative electrode precursor, a copper pyrophosphate bath having the following composition was used, and in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the active material layer was infiltrated under the following conditions. A negative electrode was obtained.
- Example 10 a negative electrode was obtained in the same manner as in Example 5 except that mechanical punching by a punch was used in place of the YAG laser as a method for forming the vertical hole.
- Example 10 a negative electrode was obtained in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the vertical hole was formed by using a sandblasting method instead of the YAG laser.
- the negative electrode shown in FIG. 9 was manufactured.
- An active material layer was formed by applying a slurry containing negative electrode active material particles to a thickness of 20 m on one side of an electrolytic copper foil having a thickness of 18 m.
- the composition of the slurry is active material: acetylene
- nickel penetration was applied to the active material layer.
- the conditions for penetration permeation were the same as in Example 1.
- the active material layer thus obtained was irradiated with a YAG laser to form vertical holes regularly.
- the diameter of the vertical holes was 25 ⁇ m, and the pitch was 100 m (10000 holes Zcm 2 ).
- a slurry similar to the slurry used in Example 1 was applied to each surface of a copper foil (thickness 35 m) obtained by electrolysis so as to have a film thickness of 15 / zm to form an active material layer.
- a negative electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery was obtained.
- the negative electrodes obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples were used as working electrodes, and LiCoO was used as the counter electrode (positive electrode).
- a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery was produced by a conventional method using a 6 Z ethylene power-bonate and dimethyl carbonate mixture (1: 1 volume ratio). Two types of batteries with a capacity ratio of the positive electrode to the negative electrode of 1: 1 and 1: 2 were prepared. A battery having a capacity ratio of 1: 1 between the positive electrode and the negative electrode was used to measure the discharge capacity after one cycle and the irreversible capacity after one cycle. A battery having a capacity ratio of 1: 2 between the positive electrode and the negative electrode was used to measure the capacity retention rate after 100 cycles, the charge / discharge efficiency after 100 cycles, and the rate of change in thickness of the negative electrode.
- the discharge capacity per unit weight and per unit volume was measured.
- the discharge capacity per unit weight was based on the weight of the active material (Si).
- the discharge capacity per unit volume was based on the negative electrode volume. However, the expansion of the negative electrode during charging was not considered.
- Irreversible capacity (%) (1 Initial discharge capacity Z Initial charge capacity) X 100
- the thickness change of the negative electrode accompanying charging in one cycle was measured.
- the whole of negative electrode + separator + positive electrode LiCoO The thickness change is measured.
- the positive electrode hardly expands due to charge and discharge, and the contribution rate of the change in the thickness of the negative electrode is large, the measured thickness change can be regarded as a substantial change in the thickness of the negative electrode.
- the negative electrode thickness change rate is calculated from the following equation.
- Negative electrode thickness change rate (%) [(Thickness in one cycle charge) (Thickness before charging)] Z Thickness before charging X 100
- Example 1 3500 1842 10 85 99. 5 30
- Example 2 3 00 1754 3 90 100 13
- Example 4 3900 1671 3 95 100 8
- Example 5 3850 1650 3 95 100 10
- Example 6 3800 1677 4 87 99. 8 13
- Example 7 3800 1687 4 86 99. 8 12
- Example 9 3850 1650 3 96 100 7
- Example 10 3850 1577 3 92 99 9
- Example 11 3800 1629 5 85 99. 6 18
- Example 12 3850 1650 3 97 100 9
- Example 13 3700 1516 5 81 99. 2
- Example 14 3700 1516 6 85 99. 5
- the vertical holes extending in the thickness direction of the active material layer can sufficiently relieve the stress caused by the volume change of the active material due to charge and discharge. Therefore, significant deformation of the negative electrode can be effectively prevented. Therefore, the cycle life is significantly prolonged and the charge / discharge efficiency is also increased.
- the metal material is deposited between the active material particles in the active material layer, even if the active material particles are finely ground due to charge / discharge, The presence of an isolated active material is effectively prevented, and sufficient current collection can be obtained.
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Abstract
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JP2009016339A (ja) * | 2007-06-05 | 2009-01-22 | Sony Corp | 負極および二次電池 |
EP2105984A1 (en) * | 2008-03-28 | 2009-09-30 | Fuji Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Manufacturing method of electrode, electric storage device, and intermediate laminate member |
US9728768B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2017-08-08 | Sion Power Corporation | Protected electrode structures and methods |
CN107819107A (zh) * | 2016-09-13 | 2018-03-20 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | 具有局部孔隙度区别的电极、其制造方法和应用 |
US10333149B2 (en) | 2009-08-24 | 2019-06-25 | Sion Power Corporation | Release system for electrochemical cells |
US10862105B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2020-12-08 | Sion Power Corporation | Protected electrode structures |
EP4057385A3 (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2022-10-12 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Electrode structure, secondary battery including the same, and method of fabricating the electrode structure |
EP4125144A3 (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2023-03-15 | Samsung SDI Co., Ltd. | Electrode, lithium battery containing electrode, and preparation method thereof |
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JP2006134891A (ja) * | 2004-09-09 | 2006-05-25 | Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co Ltd | 非水電解液二次電池用負極 |
KR101636908B1 (ko) * | 2014-05-30 | 2016-07-06 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 신축성 열전 복합체 및 이를 포함하는 열전소자 |
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2005
- 2005-02-23 JP JP2005047827A patent/JP3764470B1/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-06-30 WO PCT/JP2005/012062 patent/WO2006027886A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2005-07-08 TW TW094123271A patent/TWI310994B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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JP2009016339A (ja) * | 2007-06-05 | 2009-01-22 | Sony Corp | 負極および二次電池 |
EP2105984A1 (en) * | 2008-03-28 | 2009-09-30 | Fuji Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Manufacturing method of electrode, electric storage device, and intermediate laminate member |
US10333149B2 (en) | 2009-08-24 | 2019-06-25 | Sion Power Corporation | Release system for electrochemical cells |
US11233243B2 (en) | 2009-08-24 | 2022-01-25 | Sion Power Corporation | Release system for electrochemical cells |
US9728768B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2017-08-08 | Sion Power Corporation | Protected electrode structures and methods |
US10333134B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2019-06-25 | Sion Power Corporation | Protected electrode structures and methods |
US10862105B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2020-12-08 | Sion Power Corporation | Protected electrode structures |
US11245103B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2022-02-08 | Sion Power Corporation | Methods of forming electrode structures |
US11894545B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2024-02-06 | Sion Power Corporation | Protected electrode structures |
CN107819107A (zh) * | 2016-09-13 | 2018-03-20 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | 具有局部孔隙度区别的电极、其制造方法和应用 |
EP4057385A3 (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2022-10-12 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Electrode structure, secondary battery including the same, and method of fabricating the electrode structure |
EP4125144A3 (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2023-03-15 | Samsung SDI Co., Ltd. | Electrode, lithium battery containing electrode, and preparation method thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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TW200614576A (en) | 2006-05-01 |
TWI310994B (en) | 2009-06-11 |
JP2006108066A (ja) | 2006-04-20 |
JP3764470B1 (ja) | 2006-04-05 |
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