JP4763995B2 - 非水電解液二次電池用電極 - Google Patents
非水電解液二次電池用電極 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4763995B2 JP4763995B2 JP2004319789A JP2004319789A JP4763995B2 JP 4763995 B2 JP4763995 B2 JP 4763995B2 JP 2004319789 A JP2004319789 A JP 2004319789A JP 2004319789 A JP2004319789 A JP 2004319789A JP 4763995 B2 JP4763995 B2 JP 4763995B2
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- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 41
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 229
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 217
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 211
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 120
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 92
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 67
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 61
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 52
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011366 tin-based material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007772 electroless plating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 34
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 32
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 25
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 23
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 18
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 18
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 206010040844 Skin exfoliation Diseases 0.000 description 14
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 10
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 9
- -1 or even if formed Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 8
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 8
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- YXIWHUQXZSMYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(S)=NC2=C1 YXIWHUQXZSMYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- WZRRRFSJFQTGGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trithione Chemical compound S=C1NC(=S)NC(=S)N1 WZRRRFSJFQTGGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YHMYGUUIMTVXNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dihydrobenzimidazole-2-thione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(S)=NC2=C1 YHMYGUUIMTVXNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CMGDVUCDZOBDNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-2h-benzotriazole Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC2=NNN=C12 CMGDVUCDZOBDNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241000080590 Niso Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- PEVJCYPAFCUXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-J dicopper;phosphonato phosphate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[Cu+2].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O PEVJCYPAFCUXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000635 electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- AZUHEGMJQWJCFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-bis(2h-benzotriazol-4-ylmethyl)urea Chemical compound C1=CC2=NNN=C2C(CN(CC=2C3=NNN=C3C=CC=2)C(=O)N)=C1 AZUHEGMJQWJCFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFJDQPJLANOOOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-benzotriazole-4-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC2=NNN=C12 KFJDQPJLANOOOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZOVBIIWPDQIHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxy-2-methylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=C(O)C=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O BZOVBIIWPDQIHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013372 LiC 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013470 LiC1 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001080 W alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Mn] Chemical compound [Li].[Mn] KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CKFRRHLHAJZIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt lithium Chemical compound [Li].[Co] CKFRRHLHAJZIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010981 drying operation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007733 ion plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni] RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-hydroxy-2-propan-2-ylsulfonylethanimidamide Chemical compound CC(C)S(=O)(=O)CC(N)=NO LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MOWMLACGTDMJRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel tungsten Chemical compound [Ni].[W] MOWMLACGTDMJRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000790 scattering method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007581 slurry coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003115 supporting electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- RYCLIXPGLDDLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrapotassium;phosphonato phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O RYCLIXPGLDDLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- YUOWTJMRMWQJDA-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[Sn+4] YUOWTJMRMWQJDA-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
- H01M4/0404—Methods of deposition of the material by coating on electrode collectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/381—Alkaline or alkaline earth metals elements
- H01M4/382—Lithium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1395—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
- Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Description
キャリア箔上に活物質の粒子を含む導電性スラリーを塗布して活物質層を形成し、
該活物質層が形成された該キャリア箔を、めっき浴中に浸漬して電解めっきを行い、表裏一対の集電用表面層を形成し、
前記キャリア箔を前記一方の集電用表面層から剥離分離して電極を得、然る後、
何れかの集電用表面層に出力端子を取り付けることを特徴とする非水電解液二次電池用電極の製造方法を提供するものである。
キャリア箔の一面上に電解めっきを行い一方の集電用表面層を形成し、
該表面層の上に活物質の粒子を含む導電性スラリーを塗布して活物質層を形成し、
該活物質層の上に電解めっきを行い他方の集電用表面層を形成し、
前記キャリア箔を前記一方の集電用表面層から剥離分離して電極を得、然る後、
何れかの集電用表面層に出力端子を取り付けることを特徴とする非水電解液二次電池用電極の製造方法を提供するものである。
であることが好ましい。
・SnSO4 30〜70g/l
・H2SO4 60〜150g/l
・クレゾールスルホン酸 70〜100g/l
・NiSO4・6H2O 150〜300g/l
・NiCl2・6H2O 30〜60g/l
・H3BO3 30〜40g/l
・CuSO4・5H2O 150〜350g/l
・H2SO4 50〜250g/l
図3に示す方法に従い電極を製造した。先ず、電解によって得られた銅製のキャリア箔(厚さ35μm)を室温で30秒間酸洗浄した。引き続き室温で30秒間純水洗浄した。次いで、40℃に保った状態の3.5g/lのCBTA溶液中に、キャリア箔を30秒間浸漬した。これにより剥離処理を行った。剥離処理後、溶液から引き上げて15秒間純水洗浄した。
・NiSO4・6H2O 250g/l
・NiCl2・6H2O 45g/l
・H3BO3 30g/l
実施例1における下側の表面層の形成において、微細孔を有し且つ銅からなる厚さ8μmの第1の表面層を電解めっきにより形成した。めっき浴の組成及びめっき条件は実施例1と同様とした。次いでその上に、以下の組成を有するワット浴を用いて、微細孔を有し且つニッケルからなる厚さ2μmの第2の表面層を形成した。電流密度は5A/dm2、浴温は50℃、pHは5であった。このようにして形成された下側の表面層は、銅からなる厚さ8μmの第1の表面層とニッケルからなる厚さ2μmの第2の表面層との2層構造であった。
実施例1及び2にて得られた負極を用い、以下の方法で非水電解液二次電池を作製した。この電池の最大負極放電容量、電池容量及び50サイクル時の容量維持率を以下の方法で測定、算出した。これらの結果を以下の表1に示す。
実施例4及び5並びに比較例2で得られた負極を作用極とし、対極としてLiCoO2を用い、両極をセパレーターを介して対向させた。非水電解液としてLiPF6/エチレンカーボネートとジメチルカーボネートの混合液(1:1容量比)を用いて通常の方法によって非水電解液二次電池を作製した。
最大容量が得られたサイクルにおける、活物質重量当たりの放電容量を測定した。単位はmAh/gである。
50サイクル目の放電容量を測定し、その値を最大負極放電容量で除し、100を乗じて算出した。
2 活物質の粒子
3 活物質層
4 表面層
5 微細空隙
6 空隙
7 導電性炭素材料又は導電性金属材料の粒子
8 金属箔層
9 出力端子
10 負極
11 キャリア箔
11a 剥離層
Claims (18)
- 電極の厚さ方向の中央部に、心材としての導電性金属箔層を備え、該金属箔層の各面にリチウム化合物の形成能の高い活物質の粒子を含む活物質層がそれぞれ形成されており、更に各活物質層を被覆し、かつ表面が電解液と接する集電用表面層がそれぞれ形成されており、全体の厚みが10〜100μmであり、
電極の厚さ方向で見たときに、前記活物質層が存在する部位における前記表面層の表面から出力端子が引き出されていることを特徴とする非水電解液二次電池用電極。 - 表面が電解液と接する一対の集電用表面層と、該表面層間に介在されたリチウム化合物の形成能の高い活物質の粒子を含む少なくとも一層の活物質層とを備え、
前記表面層がリチウム化合物の形成能の低い金属材料を含み、
前記活物質層において、活物質の粒子間にリチウム化合物の形成能の低い金属材料が浸透しており、
前記表面層に含まれているリチウム化合物の形成能の低い金属材料と、前記活物質層に浸透しているリチウム化合物の形成能の低い金属材料とが、異種のものであり、
電極の厚さ方向で見たときに、活物質層が存在する部位における前記表面層の表面から出力端子が引き出されていることを特徴とする非水電解液二次電池用電極。 - 前記活物質層に含まれる活物質が電子伝導性の低い材料からなる請求項1又は2記載の非水電解液二次電池用電極。
- 前記活物質層において、活物質の粒子間にリチウム化合物の形成能の低い金属材料が浸透して両面が電気的に導通しており、電極全体が一体として集電機能を有している請求項1又は2記載の非水電解液二次電池用電極。
- 前記表面層はその厚みが0.3〜10μmである請求項1又は2記載の非水電解液二次電池用電極。
- 少なくとも一方の前記表面層に、該表面層の厚さ方向へ延び且つ非水電解液の浸透が可能な微細空隙が多数形成されている請求項1又は2記載の非水電解液二次電池用電極。
- 前記微細空隙が前記活物質層と通じ、少なくとも一方の前記表面層における前記微細空隙の平均開孔面積が0.1〜50μm2で且つ開孔率が0.1〜20%である請求項6記載の非水電解液二次電池用電極。
- 前記表面層が、電解めっきによって形成されている請求項1又は2記載の非水電解液二次電池用電極。
- 前記表面層がリチウム化合物の形成能の低い金属材料を含む請求項1に記載の非水電解液二次電池用電極。
- 前記表面層に含まれているリチウム化合物の形成能の低い金属材料と、前記活物質層に浸透しているリチウム化合物の形成能の低い金属材料とが、異種のものである請求項9記載の非水電解液二次電池用電極。
- 前記表面層に含まれているリチウム化合物の形成能の低い金属材料と、前記活物質層に浸透しているリチウム化合物の形成能の低い金属材料とが、同種のものである請求項9記載の非水電解液二次電池用電極。
- 少なくとも一方の前記表面層が、材料の異なる2層以上の多層構造からなり、該多層構造の表面層における各層の構成材料の少なくとも1種が、前記活物質層に浸透しているリチウム化合物の形成能の低い金属材料と異種の材料である請求項9記載の非水電解液二次電池用電極。
- 活物質の粒子がシリコン系材料又はスズ系材料の粒子からなる請求項1又は2記載の非水電解液二次電池用電極。
- 厚さ方向の中央部に、心材としての導電性金属箔層を備え、該金属箔層の各面に前記活物質層がそれぞれ形成されており、更に各活物質層を被覆する前記集電用表面層がそれぞれ形成されており、全体の厚みが10〜100μmである請求項2記載の非水電解液二次電池用電極。
- 前記電極が負極である請求項1又は2記載の非水電解液二次電池用電極。
- 表面が電解液と接する一対の集電用表面層と、該表面層間に介在されたリチウム化合物の形成能の高い活物質の粒子を含む少なくとも一層の活物質層とを備え、電極の厚さ方向で見たときに、該活物質層が存在する部位における該表面層の表面から出力端子が引き出されている非水電解液二次電池用電極の製造方法であって、
キャリア箔上に活物質の粒子を含む導電性スラリーを塗布して前記活物質層を形成し、
前記活物質層が形成された前記キャリア箔を、めっき浴中に浸漬して電解めっきを行い、表裏一対の前記表面層を形成し、
前記キャリア箔を一方の前記表面層から剥離分離して電極を得、然る後、
何れかの前記表面層に前記出力端子を取り付けることを特徴とする非水電解液二次電池用電極の製造方法。 - 表面が電解液と接する一対の集電用表面層と、該表面層間に介在されたリチウム化合物の形成能の高い活物質の粒子を含む少なくとも一層の活物質層とを備え、電極の厚さ方向で見たときに、該活物質層が存在する部位における該表面層の表面から出力端子が引き出されている非水電解液二次電池用電極の製造方法であって、
キャリア箔の一面上に電解めっきを行い一方の前記表面層を形成し、
前記表面層の上に活物質の粒子を含む導電性スラリーを塗布して前記活物質層を形成し、
前記活物質層の上に電解めっきを行い他方の前記表面層を形成し、
前記キャリア箔を一方の前記表面層から剥離分離して電極を得、然る後、
何れかの前記表面層に前記出力端子を取り付けることを特徴とする非水電解液二次電池用電極の製造方法。 - 前記キャリア箔の一面上に一方の前記表面層を形成するに先立ち、該面上に、前記表面層を構成する材料と異質の材料からなる被覆体を0.001〜1μmの厚さで形成する請求項17記載の製造方法。
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