WO2006016641A1 - カーボンナノ材料の製造方法及び遠心溶融紡糸装置 - Google Patents
カーボンナノ材料の製造方法及び遠心溶融紡糸装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006016641A1 WO2006016641A1 PCT/JP2005/014724 JP2005014724W WO2006016641A1 WO 2006016641 A1 WO2006016641 A1 WO 2006016641A1 JP 2005014724 W JP2005014724 W JP 2005014724W WO 2006016641 A1 WO2006016641 A1 WO 2006016641A1
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- carbon
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- polymer
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/90—Carbides
- C01B32/914—Carbides of single elements
- C01B32/956—Silicon carbide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/90—Carbides
- C01B32/914—Carbides of single elements
- C01B32/956—Silicon carbide
- C01B32/963—Preparation from compounds containing silicon
- C01B32/977—Preparation from organic compounds containing silicon
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/18—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like by means of rotating spinnerets
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F9/00—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
- D01F9/08—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
- D01F9/12—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof
- D01F9/14—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments
- D01F9/20—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from polyaddition, polycondensation or polymerisation products
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S977/00—Nanotechnology
- Y10S977/84—Manufacture, treatment, or detection of nanostructure
- Y10S977/842—Manufacture, treatment, or detection of nanostructure for carbon nanotubes or fullerenes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a carbon nanomaterial and a centrifugal melt spinning apparatus.
- the present invention also relates to a method for producing a carbon nanomaterial suitable for producing carbon nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers, and a centrifugal melt spinning apparatus used directly in the method for producing carbon nanomaterial.
- Patent Document 1 a method for producing monobon nanotubes by a polymer blend spinning method is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1) o That is, a heat-dissipating polymer that disappears by heat treatment And a carbon precursor polymer that remains carbon after heat treatment, using these polymers to prepare a polymer blend, melt spinning and stretching the polymer blend, and then making the carbon precursor polymer infusible Then, it is a method of producing carbon nanotubes by carbonization. When this method is used, high-purity carbon nanotubes can be obtained, which is extremely superior as a mass production method compared with the currently used gas phase method.
- a spinning machine containing the polymer blend is heated to about 300 ° C in an electric furnace, and Ar gas or nitrogen gas is supplied into the spinning machine.
- a continuous melt spinning method is adopted in which the polymer blend melted in the spinning machine is discharged and the nozzle force of the spinning machine is discharged, and the discharged fiber is wound around a bobbin rotated by a motor for spinning. .
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a carbon nanomaterial that can efficiently produce the carbon nanomaterial.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a carbon nanomaterial that can efficiently produce the carbon nanomaterial.
- the core-shell particles formed in the polymer blend containing the carbon precursor polymer that is the raw material of the carbon nanomaterial do not undergo phase separation, and centrifugal melt spinning is performed under temperature conditions, so that carbon nanotubes and carbon nanoparticle can be obtained.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a carbon nanomaterial capable of efficiently producing a carbon nanomaterial such as a fiber.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a centrifugal melt spinning apparatus suitable for direct use in an efficient production method of the carbon nanomaterial.
- the method for producing a carbon nanomaterial of the present invention includes a core-shell particle in which heat-dissipating polymer fine particles that disappear by heat treatment are coated with a carbon precursor polymer, and the core-shell particle is phase-separated.
- the fiber obtained by centrifugal melt spinning is infusible by applying centrifugal force to a plate-like heater that is heated to a temperature and has many small holes that penetrate in the thickness direction. After that, it is characterized by carbonization treatment.
- the core-shell particles used in the method of the present invention include, for example, particles having a core-shell structure in which fine particles comprising a heat-dissipating polymer are coated with a carbon precursor polymer.
- particles in which carbon precursor polymer particles are dispersed in a large number of heat-dissipating polymer particles can be used.
- the centrifugal melt spinning is performed while the heater provided in the centrifugal melt spinning apparatus is heated to a temperature without causing phase separation of the core-shell particles.
- the temperature at which phase separation does not occur is appropriately selected depending on the properties of the polymer used, but in general, it is preferably less than 270 ° C. and 100 ° C. or more. This is because centrifugal melt spinning becomes difficult when the temperature is lower than 100 ° C.
- the centrifugal melt spinning apparatus used directly in the method for producing a carbon nanomaterial of the present invention has a circularly provided disk and a large number of small holes penetrating in the thickness direction.
- a plate-like heater disposed on one surface of the disk so as to stand along the periphery of the disk, and a drive device that rotationally drives the disk can be configured.
- Core shell particles are charged into this centrifugal melt spinning apparatus, and the heater is heated to a temperature without causing the phase separation of the core shell particles, and the disk is rotated to drive the core shell particles to the heater by centrifugal force.
- the carbon nanomaterial can be produced by subjecting it to centrifugal melt spinning and infusibilizing the resulting fiber, followed by carbonization.
- a carbonized carbon nanomaterial can also be produced in the same manner by using a carbonized carbon precursor polymer containing carbon and carbon as the carbon precursor polymer.
- the core shell particles in which the fine particles containing the carbon precursor polymer are coated with the heat-dissipating polymer that disappears by the heat treatment do not cause phase separation. Since centrifugal melt spinning is performed while maintaining the core-shell structure, it is possible to produce carbon nanomaterials efficiently.
- the heater is heated to a temperature at which the core-shell particles do not cause phase separation, and the centrifugal force is generated while the core-shell particles are melted by rotating the disk. Since centrifugal melt spinning can be performed and the core-shell particles are not phase-separated, it is possible to produce fibers for producing carbon nanomaterials efficiently.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a centrifugal melt spinning apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing core-shell particles of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 shows an electron microscope in which the carbon nanotubes obtained in Example 1 of the present invention are photographed. It is a photograph.
- the centrifugal melt spinning apparatus used directly in the method for producing a carbon nanomaterial of the present invention is provided with a disk 10 having an insulating body force so as to be rotatable.
- a disk 10 having an insulating body force so as to be rotatable.
- an electric heater 12 formed by drilling a number of small holes 12A penetrating in the thickness direction of the nichrome plate of a predetermined width, and the side surface of the electric heater 12 is the upper surface of the disc.
- the disk 10 is fixed along the peripheral direction of the disk 10. Both ends of the electric heater 12 are opposed to each other through a gap so as not to contact, and an insulator is interposed in the gap.
- the diameter of the small hole 12A can be set to 0.5 mm, for example.
- the electric heater 12 is formed in a cylindrical shape together with the insulator, and is fixed to the upper surface of the disk 10 so that the center axis of the electric heater 12 and the center of the disk 10 are aligned. .
- a substantially hollow frustum-shaped cover 26 having a material inlet 26A formed at the center is fixed to the upper end of the electric heater 12.
- a rotating shaft 14 is fixed at the center of the lower surface of the disk 10 so as to be orthogonal to the lower surface of the disk.
- a pair of ring electrodes 16 and 18 are fixed to the side surface of the rotating shaft 14 in parallel over the entire circumference of the rotating shaft.
- Each of the ring-shaped electrodes 16 and 18 is connected to both ends of the electric heater 12 via wiring.
- each of the ring-shaped electrodes 16 and 18 is provided so that each of a pair of brushes 20.22 connected to a power source is in contact with each other.
- the lower end of the rotating shaft 14 is connected to the drive shaft of the motor 24 via the connecting member 28.
- the raw material is put inside the electric heater 12, and the electric heater 12 is energized while the electric heater 12 is rotated by a motor. Melted. Since the melted raw material is discharged by a small pore force of the electric heater by centrifugal force and cooled by air, the raw material can be drawn into a fiber.
- the heat-dissipating polymer refers to a polymer that decomposes and disappears under the heat treatment conditions when carbonizing the carbon precursor polymer described later, that is, decomposes and gasifies by raising the temperature. Any polymer having a decomposition temperature lower than the heat treatment temperature for carbonizing the polymer can be arbitrarily selected and used.
- Examples of the heat-dissipating polymer that disappears by heat treatment include olefin-based polymers such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene (PSt); polyesters; gen-based polymers such as polybutadiene and polyisoprene; polymethyl acrylate, and polyethyl acrylate.
- Polymers of polyacrylic acid esters and acrylic acid derivatives such as acrylate and polypropyl acrylate; polymethyl methacrylate, polyethyl methacrylate, polypropyl methacrylate and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)
- PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
- Polymers of polymethacrylic acid esters and methacrylic acid derivatives; polymers containing heteroatomic molecules such as polyoxymethylene can be mentioned.
- These heat-dissipating polymers preferably have a weight average molecular weight in the range of 100 to 2,000,000 from the viewpoint of handleability, and more preferably have a molecular weight (Mw) of 1,000 to 100, The range is 000.
- the carbon precursor polymer is a polymer that can be carbonized by heating, and examples thereof include polyatyl-tolyl (PAN), polymethyl acrylate (PMA), polychlorinated butyl, polybutyl alcohol, polyimide, polyamide, Mention may be made of polymers containing carbon atoms, such as phenol resin, furan resin, polyoxadiazole, poly (p-phenylene vinylene), polysalt vinylidene, and liquid crystalline polymers. Among these, resins such as polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl chloride, and polybulualcohol are preferable because they can promote crystal development.
- a carbonized nanomaterial can be obtained.
- a polymer having a weight average molecular weight in the range of 200 to 2,000,000 is preferably used from the viewpoints of spinnability and infusibilities.
- a more preferable range of molecular weight (M w) is about 1,000 to 100,000.
- a copolymer of a monomer constituting the carbon precursor polymer and a monomer constituting the heat dissipation polymer for example, PMA and PSt.
- Copolymers, copolymers of PAN and PMA, copolymers of PAN and PMMA, etc. can also be used as the carbon precursor polymer.
- a copolymer of a monomer constituting the carbon precursor polymer and a monomer that promotes infusibilization can be used.
- the carbon precursor polymer is The molar ratio of the constituent monomer to the monomer that promotes infusibilization is preferably about 99: 1 to 90:10, more preferably about 96: 4 to 95: 5.
- Examples of the method for forming the core particles include a method generally used when forming a particulate polymer. For example, a method of using a polymer solution as a raw material and granulating it with a spray dryer, a monomer solution A method of chemically forming by polymerization by a polymerization method, an emulsion polymerization method, or the like can be used.
- the core particles are formed from a heat dissipation polymer.
- the core particles obtained by the above method are coated with a carbon precursor polymer, and further, if desired, a heat-dissipating polymer is coated to form core shell particles having an average particle size of about 10 to: LOOOnm. To do.
- the carbon precursor polymer can be coated by a conventional method.
- the core particle is immersed in a solution Z dispersion of the carbon precursor polymer, and the core particle and the carbon precursor polymer are mechanically coated.
- a physical coating method in which the carbon precursor polymer is electrostatically attached to the surface of the core particle, and a chemical method in which the carbon precursor polymer is formed on the surface of the core particle by a polymerization method.
- a chemical method is preferred for the uniformity power of the precursor polymer film.
- the average thickness of the carbon precursor polymer that coats the core particles and the heat dissipation polymer that further coats the carbon precursor polymer is about 10 to 1000 nm, respectively, and the average particle size of the core-shell particles is 50 to It is about 5000 nm.
- the inner diameter and the outer shape of the carbon nanotube to be produced can be controlled by adjusting the diameter of the core particle, the average thickness of the carbon precursor polymer and the heat-dissipating polymer. Therefore, the diameter of the core particles, the average thickness of the carbon precursor polymer, and the heat dissipation polymer are appropriately selected according to the inner diameter and outer shape of the target carbon nanotube.
- FIG. 2 shows an example of core-shell particles.
- Fig. 2 (1) shows core-shell particles in which core particles 30 made of PMMA are coated with a coating 32 of PAN and PSt and further coated with a coating 3 4 of PMMA force.
- (2) is PSt.
- 3 shows core-shell particles coated with a coating 32 made of a copolymer of PAN and PMA, and coated with a coating 34 made of PSt, and (3) shows the core particles 30 made of PMMA.
- a coating 32 which is also a copoly marker of PAN and PSt, is coated, and further, Coshell particles dispersed in a large number of PMMA fine particles 36 are shown.
- the core particle 30 formed of PMMA may be coated with a coating 32 made of a copolymer of PAN and PSt and further coated with PMMA.
- the core-shell particles formed as described above are introduced into the electric heater 12 from the raw material inlet, and the disc 10 is, for example, about 500 to 10, OOOrpm, preferably 2,500 to 5. While rotating at a rotation speed of about OOOrpm, the core-shell particles are heated to a temperature without melting the core-shell particles, melting the core-shell particles, and forming a fiber by stretching the core-shell particles by applying centrifugal force To do.
- the temperature at which the core-shell particles are not phase-separated is 100 to 270 ° C., and in this embodiment, it is 200 ° C.
- ultrafine fibers having a diameter of about 1 to 20 m are formed from the core-shell particles by centrifugal melt spinning. In this fiber, a large number of stretched core-shell particles are present along the fiber axis.
- the fiber obtained above is infusibilized.
- the infusibilization treatment a general method, specifically, a method of performing acidification treatment at about 160 to 250 ° C. in air can be applied.
- the carbon precursor polymer is carbonized by heating and calcining the infusible fiber at a high temperature.
- the core-shell particles oriented along the fiber axis are heated from the core shell particles.
- the lost polymer disappears, carbonization of the carbon precursor polymer occurs, and the portion of the heat-dissipated polymer that formed the core particles disappears, so this portion becomes a void, for example, a diameter of about 20 to 50 nm Carbon nanotubes are obtained.
- the carbonization treatment may be performed by applying a general method.
- the carbonization treatment is performed at a temperature of about 500 to 1500 ° C. in an inert atmosphere such as nitrogen gas or argon gas.
- the preferred heating time (holding time) is about 5-10 ° CZ for heating.
- the heating time (holding time) should be about 30 minutes to 1 hour as long as the heat-dissipating polymer disappears. Is preferred.
- core shells in which fine particles having a carbon precursor polymer force are used as core shell particles and the surface thereof is coated with a heat-dissipating polymer. If you use particles.
- the core-shell particles that are such coated particles can be obtained by the same method as described above.
- the obtained coated particles are formed into ultrafine fibers using a centrifugal melt spinning apparatus in the same manner as in the carbon nanotube production method, and the obtained fibers are infusibilized and then carbonized.
- the core particles do not contain a heat-dissipating polymer, carbon nanofibers that are not hollow, single-bonn nanotubes are produced.
- the core-shell particle is a particle having the cross-sectional structure shown in Fig. 2 (1), and polymethylmethacrylic acid (PMMA) is used as the core particle.
- PMMA polymethylmethacrylic acid
- the surface of the core-shell particle has a molar ratio of 95: 5 of polyacrylonitrile and polymethacrylic acid. These particles are 350 ⁇ m in diameter, coated with coalescence and coated with PMMA on the surface.
- MMA methyl methacrylate
- KPS potassium sulfate
- MMA, KPS and deionized water were added to this emulsion of the core-shell particles and polymerized in the same manner as described above to obtain three-layer core-shell particles whose surfaces were further coated with PMMA. .
- the obtained core-shell particles are introduced into the electric heater 12 from the raw material inlet of the centrifugal melt spinning apparatus shown in Fig. 1, and the core-shell particles are formed while maintaining the temperature condition at 260 ° C with an electric heater.
- the fiber is formed by melting and drawing by applying centrifugal force while rotating the disk 10 at a rotation speed of about 5000 rpm.
- ultrafine fibers having a diameter of about 5 to 20 ⁇ m and a length of about 1 to 5 cm are formed from the core shell particles by centrifugal melt spinning.
- the fiber obtained above was infusible by heating to 220 ° C in ozone for 10 hours.
- Fig. 3 is an electron micrograph of the obtained carbon nanotube (taken by JEOL JEM 2010 at a magnification of 12,000). As a result, it was confirmed that many carbon nanotubes having a diameter of 20 to 50 nm and a length of about 200 to 500 nm were obtained.
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US11/573,391 US7763228B2 (en) | 2004-08-11 | 2005-08-11 | Method of producing carbon nanomaterials and centrifugal melt spinning apparatus |
JP2006531716A JP4552017B2 (ja) | 2004-08-11 | 2005-08-11 | カーボンナノ材料の製造方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004-234406 | 2004-08-11 | ||
JP2004234406 | 2004-08-11 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2006016641A1 true WO2006016641A1 (ja) | 2006-02-16 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/JP2005/014724 WO2006016641A1 (ja) | 2004-08-11 | 2005-08-11 | カーボンナノ材料の製造方法及び遠心溶融紡糸装置 |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US7763228B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4552017B2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006016641A1 (ja) |
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EP2271796A1 (en) * | 2008-03-17 | 2011-01-12 | The Board of Regents of The University of Texas System | Superfine fiber creating spinneret and uses thereof |
WO2012109240A2 (en) * | 2011-02-07 | 2012-08-16 | Fiberio Technology Corporation | Split fiber producing devices and methods for the production of microfibers and nanofibers |
WO2013157160A1 (ja) * | 2012-04-18 | 2013-10-24 | テックワン株式会社 | 炭素繊維材、炭素繊維材製造方法、前記炭素繊維材を有する材 |
KR101426737B1 (ko) * | 2013-09-12 | 2014-08-06 | 전북대학교산학협력단 | 원심력을 이용한 나노섬유의 제조방법 |
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JP3877155B2 (ja) | 2001-06-25 | 2007-02-07 | 三菱化学株式会社 | カーボンナノチューブ及びその製造方法 |
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- 2005-08-11 US US11/573,391 patent/US7763228B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-08-11 JP JP2006531716A patent/JP4552017B2/ja active Active
- 2005-08-11 WO PCT/JP2005/014724 patent/WO2006016641A1/ja active Application Filing
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EP0220727A2 (en) * | 1985-10-29 | 1987-05-06 | Nitto Boseki Co., Ltd. | Centrifugal spinning apparatus for pitch fibers |
JPS62132181U (ja) * | 1986-02-17 | 1987-08-20 | ||
WO2003000589A1 (fr) * | 2001-06-25 | 2003-01-03 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Nanotube de carbone et son procede de fabrication |
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Also Published As
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JP4552017B2 (ja) | 2010-09-29 |
JPWO2006016641A1 (ja) | 2008-05-01 |
US7763228B2 (en) | 2010-07-27 |
US20080050304A1 (en) | 2008-02-28 |
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