WO2006016453A1 - 半導体レーザ、半導体光アンプ、及び光通信装置 - Google Patents
半導体レーザ、半導体光アンプ、及び光通信装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006016453A1 WO2006016453A1 PCT/JP2005/011906 JP2005011906W WO2006016453A1 WO 2006016453 A1 WO2006016453 A1 WO 2006016453A1 JP 2005011906 W JP2005011906 W JP 2005011906W WO 2006016453 A1 WO2006016453 A1 WO 2006016453A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/20—Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers
- H01S5/22—Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers having a ridge or stripe structure
- H01S5/227—Buried mesa structure ; Striped active layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y20/00—Nanooptics, e.g. quantum optics or photonic crystals
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- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/02—Structural details or components not essential to laser action
- H01S5/028—Coatings ; Treatment of the laser facets, e.g. etching, passivation layers or reflecting layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/06—Arrangements for controlling the laser output parameters, e.g. by operating on the active medium
- H01S5/065—Mode locking; Mode suppression; Mode selection ; Self pulsating
- H01S5/0651—Mode control
- H01S5/0653—Mode suppression, e.g. specific multimode
- H01S5/0655—Single transverse or lateral mode emission
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- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/10—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
- H01S5/1003—Waveguide having a modified shape along the axis, e.g. branched, curved, tapered, voids
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- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/10—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
- H01S5/1003—Waveguide having a modified shape along the axis, e.g. branched, curved, tapered, voids
- H01S5/1014—Tapered waveguide, e.g. spotsize converter
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/10—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
- H01S5/1039—Details on the cavity length
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- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/10—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
- H01S5/1053—Comprising an active region having a varying composition or cross-section in a specific direction
- H01S5/1064—Comprising an active region having a varying composition or cross-section in a specific direction varying width along the optical axis
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- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/20—Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers
- H01S5/22—Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers having a ridge or stripe structure
- H01S5/2205—Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers having a ridge or stripe structure comprising special burying or current confinement layers
- H01S5/2206—Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers having a ridge or stripe structure comprising special burying or current confinement layers based on III-V materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/20—Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers
- H01S5/22—Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers having a ridge or stripe structure
- H01S5/2205—Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers having a ridge or stripe structure comprising special burying or current confinement layers
- H01S5/2222—Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers having a ridge or stripe structure comprising special burying or current confinement layers having special electric properties
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/30—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region
- H01S5/34—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers
- H01S5/343—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers in AIIIBV compounds, e.g. AlGaAs-laser, InP-based laser
- H01S5/34306—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers in AIIIBV compounds, e.g. AlGaAs-laser, InP-based laser emitting light at a wavelength longer than 1000nm, e.g. InP based 1300 and 1500nm lasers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/50—Amplifier structures not provided for in groups H01S5/02 - H01S5/30
Definitions
- a waveguide type semiconductor laser there are various types of semiconductor lasers, one of which is a waveguide type semiconductor laser.
- a waveguide semiconductor laser a waveguide structure is designed to satisfy a fundamental mode condition when a signal is placed on light to propagate information or when used as a pumping light source of an optical fiber amplifier. Ru.
- the reason for the basic mode condition is to avoid the following problems. That is, in general, under the multi-mode condition, it is difficult to efficiently couple the signal light when the signal light is coupled to another optical waveguide or lens such as an optical fiber under the problem of being affected by the multi-mode dispersion. Problems such as
- Patent Document 1 Patent Document 2
- the semiconductor lasers according to Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 are single-input, ⁇ ( ⁇ is a positive integer) output multi-mode interference waveguide (hereinafter abbreviated as “1 XN- MMI (Multi mode Interference)”) type.
- Semiconductor laser A fundamental mode waveguide is connected before and after Non-Patent Document 1). Since the waveguide width can be expanded as compared with a conventional waveguide in which only the fundamental mode is allowed, the light output can be increased.
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-68242
- Non-Patent Document 1 Lucas B. Soldano, Journal ob Lightware Technol., Vol. 13 No. 4 p.
- the optical communication technology that enables high-speed, large-capacity communication is not limited to the backbone information communication network that connects large cities, but also to the so-called metro information communication network that connects urban areas, and to each home and building. It has been applied to all access-related information communication networks. With the progress of optical communication technology to the network-related information communication network and access-related information communication network, the demand for semiconductor lasers and semiconductor optical amplifiers as devices supporting optical communication technology is expected.
- the present invention has been made in view of such background, and the object of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor laser, a semiconductor optical amplifier, and a semiconductor laser capable of realizing low power consumption characteristics and high light output characteristics. It is to provide an optical communication device equipped with these.
- a semiconductor laser is a semiconductor laser including an active waveguide, the active waveguide including a plurality of fundamental modes.
- the semiconductor laser according to the first aspect of the present invention can realize low power consumption characteristics.
- a semiconductor laser according to a first aspect of the present invention comprises a first waveguide providing a plurality of modes including a fundamental mode, and a second waveguide providing a multimode. Therefore, it is possible to set the width of the waveguide wider than that of an active waveguide providing only the fundamental mode or an active waveguide by combining the fundamental mode waveguide described in Patent Document 1 and a multimode waveguide. it can. As a result, the device resistance is further reduced, and low power consumption characteristics can be realized.
- the combination of the first waveguide and the second waveguide of the present invention Active waveguides can reduce the ratio of waveguide widths between different waveguides. As a result, it is possible to suppress excess loss occurring in the boundary region between the first waveguide and the second waveguide. As a result, in the active waveguide according to the first aspect of the present invention, the light output characteristics are higher than those of the active waveguide according to the combination of the basic mode waveguide and the multimode waveguide described in Patent Document 1. Can be realized.
- the first waveguide is provided with a fundamental mode and a first mode
- the second waveguide is a standing wave with a first mode. It is characterized by using things that are not acceptable.
- the semiconductor laser of the second aspect of the present invention since the first mode is not permitted as a standing wave in the second waveguide, the first mode is standing in the active waveguide. It can not exist as a wave. As a result, the first order mode can not contribute to laser oscillation. Therefore, the mode emitted as the laser light is only the fundamental mode.
- the width of the waveguide can be set wider than in the case of using a waveguide providing only the basic mode as the first waveguide. As a result, the device resistance can be reduced, and low power consumption characteristics can be realized.
- high light output characteristics can be realized.
- a semiconductor laser adopting a 1-input and N-output type 1 XN (N is a positive integer) multimode interference waveguide as the second waveguide. It is.
- the waveguide width becomes wider as it approaches the second waveguide between the second waveguide and the first waveguide.
- a waveguide having such a tapered structure and at least allowing a fundamental mode is connected.
- the tapered waveguide which at least allows the fundamental mode is provided between the first waveguide and the second waveguide, the different waveguides are provided. Excess loss in the boundary region between the waveguides can be suppressed more effectively. As a result, high light output can be achieved more effectively.
- a semiconductor optical amplifier is a semiconductor optical amplifier including an active waveguide force, the active waveguide providing a plurality of modes including a fundamental mode.
- the semiconductor optical amplifier according to the fifth aspect of the present invention can provide a semiconductor optical amplifier that can realize low power consumption characteristics and can also realize high light output characteristics.
- the semiconductor optical amplifier according to the first aspect of the present invention includes a first waveguide providing a plurality of modes including a fundamental mode, and a second waveguide providing a plurality of modes. Therefore, the width of the waveguide can be set wider than that of an active waveguide which provides only the fundamental mode or an active waveguide formed by combining the fundamental mode waveguide described in Patent Document 1 and a multimode waveguide. As a result, the element resistance is further reduced and power consumption can be reduced.
- the combination of the first waveguide and the second waveguide of the present invention is also possible.
- Active waveguides can reduce the ratio of waveguide widths between different waveguides. As a result, it is possible to suppress excess loss occurring in the boundary region between the first waveguide and the second waveguide. That As a result, in the active waveguide according to the first aspect of the present invention, a higher light output is achieved as compared to the active waveguide by the combination of the basic mode waveguide and the multimode waveguide described in Patent Document 1. it can.
- the semiconductor optical amplifier according to the sixth aspect of the present invention uses the first waveguide providing the fundamental mode and the first mode, and the second waveguide has the first mode standing. It is characterized by using an unacceptable wave.
- the semiconductor optical amplifier according to the sixth aspect of the present invention since the first mode is not permitted as a standing wave in the second waveguide, the first mode is standing wave in the active waveguide. It can not exist as As a result, the primary mode is not included in the amplified light. Therefore, the light that is amplified and emitted is only the fundamental mode.
- the semiconductor laser according to the second aspect of the present invention the waveguide width can be set wider than in the case of using a waveguide providing only the fundamental mode as the first waveguide. As a result, the device resistance can be reduced, and low power consumption characteristics can be realized. In addition, since it is possible to suppress excess loss occurring in the boundary region between the first waveguide and the second waveguide, high light output characteristics can be realized.
- a semiconductor amplifier according to a seventh aspect of the present invention employs a 1-input and N-output type 1 XN (N is a positive integer) multimode interference waveguide as the second waveguide. It is.
- the waveguide width becomes wider as it gets closer to the second waveguide between the second waveguide and the first waveguide.
- the fifth aspect of the invention is any one of the fifth to seventh aspects, characterized in that a waveguide having such a tapered structure and at least allowing a fundamental mode is connected.
- the tapered waveguide is provided between the first waveguide and the second waveguide, the boundary region between different waveguides is provided. Excess loss in the network can be suppressed more effectively. As a result, high light output can be achieved more effectively.
- An optical communication apparatus is one equipped with the semiconductor laser according to any one of the first to eighth aspects or Z and a semiconductor optical amplifier. Effect of the invention
- the present invention it is possible to provide a semiconductor laser capable of realizing low power consumption characteristics and high light output characteristics, a semiconductor optical amplifier, and an optical communication device equipped with these. Have an effect.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view of a semiconductor laser according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional view of the semiconductor laser taken along line A-A in FIG.
- FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view of the semiconductor laser taken along line BB in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an active layer of the semiconductor laser according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 4A is a cross-sectional view for explaining a manufacturing process of the semiconductor laser according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view for explaining a manufacturing process of the semiconductor laser according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 4C is a cross-sectional view for illustrating a manufacturing process of the semiconductor laser according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 4D is a cross-sectional view for illustrating a manufacturing process of the semiconductor laser according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 4E is a cross-sectional view for illustrating a manufacturing process of the semiconductor laser according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a plan view of a semiconductor laser according to Modification 1;
- FIG. 6 is a plan view of a semiconductor laser according to Modification 2.
- FIG. 7 is a plan view of a semiconductor laser according to Modification 3.
- FIG. 8A A cross-sectional view of the semiconductor laser taken along line CC in FIG.
- FIG. 8B A cross-sectional view of the semiconductor laser taken along line D-D in FIG.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view of the semiconductor laser according to the present embodiment.
- 2A is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1
- FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG.
- the semiconductor laser according to the present embodiment is an active MMI semiconductor laser 100 and has a buried (BH) structure.
- Type 1. 48 m band semiconductor laser.
- the active MMI semiconductor laser 100 has an active waveguide structure including an active layer described later.
- the active waveguide as shown in FIG. 1, is composed of a first waveguide region D1, a second waveguide region D2, and a third waveguide region D3.
- the first waveguide region D1 and the third waveguide region D3 are respectively composed of a first pseudo fundamental mode waveguide 1 la and a second pseudo fundamental mode waveguide 21a.
- the first pseudo fundamental mode waveguide 11a and the second pseudo fundamental mode waveguide 21a are a zeroth mode (fundamental mode) and a first mode tolerant waveguide.
- the second waveguide region D2 is composed of a single-input single-output type multi-mode interference (hereinafter abbreviated as "1 X l-MMI (Multi mode Interference)”) waveguide 12a.
- 1 X l-MMI Multi mode Interference
- the total length (L1 in FIG. 1) of the semiconductor laser 100 is about 600 / z m.
- the lengths of the first pseudo fundamental mode waveguide 11a and the second pseudo fundamental mode waveguide 21a are each about 90 ⁇ m, and the length of the 1 X 1- MMI waveguide 12a is 420 It is about ⁇ m.
- the difference between the 1 X 1-MMI waveguide 12a and the first pseudo fundamental mode waveguide 11a and the second pseudo fundamental mode waveguide 21a is the waveguide width.
- the active MMI semiconductor laser 100 includes an n-InP substrate 71a. Further, on the n-InP substrate 71a, an n-InP cladding layer 72a formed in a mesa shape, an active layer 73a, and a p-InP first cladding layer 74a are provided. In addition, on the n-InP substrate 71a where the active layers 73a and the like are not formed on the side having the active layers 73a and the like (hereinafter, referred to as “main surface”), the p is in contact with the sidewalls of the mesa 75a.
- the InP current blocking layer 76a and the n-InP current blocking layer 77a are stacked in this order.
- a p-InP second cladding layer 78a and a p-InGaAs contact layer 79a are laminated in this order on the p-InP first cladding layer 74a and the n-InP current blocking layer 77a (hereinafter referred to as The layers are put together to form a stack 70a. As shown in FIG.
- the active layer 73a is an InGaAsP-InGaAsP-MQW (multiple quantum well) layer in which quantum wells are stacked in multiple layers on an InGaAsP-first SCH (separate confinement heterostructure) layer 81a. 82a is formed, and an InGaAsP-second SCH layer 83a is formed thereon.
- a front surface electrode 87a is formed on the top surface of the laminate 70a.
- a back surface electrode 88a is formed on the surface on the back side of the main surface of the n-InP substrate 71a (hereinafter, simply referred to as "back surface").
- An anti-reflection film is provided on the front end face of the laminate 70a, and a high reflection film is provided on the rear end face.
- a high reflection film is provided on the rear end face.
- an n-InP cladding layer 72a, an active layer 73a, and a p-InP first cladding layer 74a are grown on an n-InP substrate 71a by MOCVD (MO-VPE method) Stack in this order.
- a SiO film 85 a is formed on the front surface using a thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method.
- CVD thermal chemical vapor deposition
- the p-InP first cladding layer 74a and the active layer 73a, n-InP cladding which are not covered with the mesa formation mask using inductively coupled plasma (ICP) method Removal of layer 72a forms a mesa 75a as shown in FIG. 4C.
- the p-InP blocking layer 76a and the n-InP current blocking layer 77a are formed around the mesa 75a using the MO-VPE method, and the mask for mesa formation remaining on the top of the mesa is buffered. Remove with acid. Thus, the ridge mesa can be embedded.
- the buried layer 86a composed of the p-InP block layer 76a and the n-InP current block layer 77a functions as current constriction.
- the embedded layer 86a since the embedded layer 86a has a refractive index smaller than that of the active layer, it has a function of confining light in the lateral direction.
- the p-InP first cladding layer 74a and the n-InP current blocking layer 7 A p-InP cladding layer 78a and a p-InGaAs contact layer 79a are sequentially formed on 7a.
- a surface electrode 87a is formed on the upper surface by electron beam evaporation.
- a back surface electrode 88a is formed.
- a plurality of laser elements are formed on the substrate according to the above manufacturing method. Then, cleavage is performed along the boundary between each laser element to obtain a laser element. An antireflection film 91a is formed on one side of the laser end face formed by cleavage, and a high reflection film 92a is formed on the other laser end face. Through these steps, the active MMI semiconductor laser 100 according to the present embodiment is manufactured.
- the anti-reflection film and the high reflection film disposed on the end face of the laser device according to the present embodiment are described in the examples of the semiconductor laser in the present embodiment.
- the antireflective film may be disposed on both end surfaces immediately after the wall opening, so that it can be used as a semiconductor optical amplifier.
- the central portion of the mesa structure portion limited by the current blocking layer is applied by applying a predetermined bias voltage between the front surface electrode 87 a and the back surface electrode 88 a
- the current can be supplied to the active layer 73a located in Below the threshold current, spontaneous emission and absorption occur.
- the threshold current or more, ie, the stimulated emission exceeds the absorption the laser can be oscillated.
- the light amplified by the stimulated emission propagates as a multimode in the second waveguide region D2 according to the MMI theory (see Non-Patent Document 1 above).
- the light propagates as the zeroth mode and the first mode.
- the area length of the M M1 waveguide is designed according to the following equation.
- L is a region length of the second waveguide
- n represents a positive integer excluding the multiple of 4
- n is the waveguide region
- W is the effective waveguide width in the MMI region
- ⁇ is the wavelength
- ⁇ is 1 X N-MMI conduction
- the region length of the 1 X 1- MMI waveguide 12 a By designing the region length of the 1 X 1- MMI waveguide 12 a to satisfy the above-mentioned conditions 1 and 2, odd modes can not be excited in the 1 X 1- MMI waveguide 12 a. . For this reason, the odd mode can not exist as a standing wave in the active waveguide (in the semiconductor laser cavity). Therefore, even if the first mode occurs in the first pseudo fundamental mode waveguide 11a and the second pseudo fundamental mode waveguide 21a, the first mode can not exist as a standing wave. In addition, since the first pseudo fundamental mode waveguide 11a and the second pseudo fundamental mode waveguide 21a are waveguides that allow only the 0th mode (basic mode) and the 1st mode, laser oscillation light is eventually obtained. Is the basic mode.
- the quasi-fundamental mode waveguide in the cavity. That is, the 0th-order mode and 1st-order mode tolerance waveguides which are allowed to have a width of about twice the width of the normal fundamental mode waveguide can be connected to the 1 X 1- MMI waveguide.
- the ratio of the MMI waveguide width to the quasi fundamental mode waveguide is 3.25. If a fundamental mode waveguide is applied instead of the quasi fundamental mode waveguide, the ratio is approximately 6.5. That is, according to the aspect of this embodiment, the ratio can be reduced by 50% as compared to the combination of the fundamental mode waveguide and the 1 ⁇ 1-MMI waveguide. As a result, excess loss in the boundary region between the MMI waveguide and the quasi-basic mode waveguide can be suppressed, and high light output can be achieved.
- the active MMI semiconductor laser 100 can improve the saturation injection current value, and can achieve high output of the semiconductor laser by high current injection.
- the threshold current density is significantly reduced because of the structure including the multimode waveguide region where the light confinement is extremely strong.
- the layer structure of the active MMI semiconductor laser 100 according to the present embodiment is equivalent to the layer structure of a normal semiconductor laser. Therefore, the active MMI type semiconductor laser 100 according to the present embodiment can be manufactured in the same process as the manufacturing process of a normal semiconductor laser. That is, it can be manufactured only by the already established manufacturing method, and can provide excellent reproducibility and yield. Therefore, cost reduction can be achieved.
- the semiconductor laser structure is a simple buried structure (BH structure), it may be a DC-PBH (Double Channel Planner Buried Heterostrucutre) structure or the like, which is excellent in a ridge structure or current narrowing.
- the laser wavelength may be replaced with a 1.48 m band to be another wavelength such as a visible light band, a 0.98 / z m band, or a near infrared light band.
- FIG. 5 is a plan view of an active MMI semiconductor laser 101 according to the first modification.
- the same components as those in the above-described embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be appropriately omitted.
- the basic configuration of the active MMI semiconductor laser 101 according to the present modification 1 is the same as that of the above embodiment except for the following points. That is, while the active waveguide according to the above-described embodiment has a structure in which one 1 ⁇ 1-MMI waveguide is sandwiched by two pseudo fundamental mode waveguides, the active waveguide according to the present modification 1 is different.
- the waveguide is provided with three 1 X 1- MMI waveguides, and the end of each 1 X 1- MMI waveguide is configured to be connected with a quasi-basic mode waveguide, which is different.
- the active waveguide includes the first waveguide region D1, the second waveguide region D2, and the third waveguide region D3.
- the active waveguide according to the present modification includes the first waveguide region D4, the second waveguide region D5, the third waveguide region D6, and the fourth waveguide region D6.
- Waveguide region D7, fifth waveguide region The difference is that it is constituted by D8, the sixth waveguide region D9, and the seventh waveguide region D10.
- the quasi-basic mode waveguide according to the above-described embodiment includes the first waveguide region D1 (first quasi-basic mode waveguide 11a) and the third waveguide region D3 (second quasi-basic mode waveguide 21a).
- the quasi-fundamental mode waveguide according to the present modification 1 comprises: a first waveguide region D4 (first quasi-fundamental mode waveguide 1 lb), a third waveguide region D6 (second pseudo fundamental mode waveguide 21b), fifth waveguide D8 (third pseudo fundamental mode waveguide 31 b), and seventh waveguide D10 (fourth pseudo fundamental mode waveguide 41 b) It is different in that it is In addition, the 1 X 1-MMI waveguide according to the above embodiment is disposed in the second waveguide region D2 (1 X 1- MMI waveguide 12a), while the 1 X 1- MMI waveguide according to the first modification is related to this embodiment.
- the 1 X 1 MMI waveguide has a second waveguide region D5 (first 1 X 1-MMI waveguide 12 b), a fourth waveguide region D 7 (second 1 X 1 MMI waveguide 22 b), a second The difference is that they are disposed in the sixth waveguide region D9 (third 1 ⁇ 1 MMI waveguide 32b).
- the first 1 ⁇ 1 MMI waveguide 12b, the second 1 ⁇ 1 MMI waveguide 22b, and the third 1 ⁇ 1 M1 waveguide 32b satisfy the above-mentioned numbers 1 and 2, respectively. Designed to be!
- FIG. 6 is a plan view of an active MMI semiconductor laser 102 according to the first modification.
- the basic configuration of the active MMI semiconductor laser 102 according to the present modification 2 is the same as that of the above embodiment except for the following points. That is, while the second waveguide according to the above embodiment uses the 1 X 1-MMI waveguide 12a, the second waveguide according to the present modification 1 has 1 X as shown in FIG. The difference is that the 2-MMI waveguide 12c is used. As shown in FIG. 6, this waveguide includes a first waveguide region Dl l, a second waveguide region D12, and a third waveguide region D13.
- the first waveguide region D1 and the third waveguide region D3 are respectively formed of the first pseudo fundamental mode waveguide 11c, the second pseudo fundamental mode waveguide 21c, and the third pseudo fundamental mode waveguide 31c. It is configured.
- the 1 X 2-MMI waveguide 12c is, of course, designed to satisfy the above-mentioned numbers 1 and 2!
- the present invention is not limited thereto.
- 1 X N-MMI waveguide (N is a positive number) Integer) is applicable.
- a configuration having a plurality of MMI regions is also applicable.
- FIG. 7 is a plan view of an active MMI semiconductor laser 103 according to the third modification.
- 8A is a cross-sectional view taken along the line C-C in FIG. 7, and
- FIG. 8B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line D-D in FIG.
- the semiconductor laser 103 according to the third modification has the same basic configuration as the above embodiment except for the following points. That is, in the active waveguide according to the above-described embodiment, the first pseudo fundamental mode waveguide 1 la and the 1 X 1- MMI waveguide 12 a are directly connected at the end portion, but this is not the case. In the third modification, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the pseudo fundamental mode waveguide and the 1 ⁇ 1-MMI waveguide are connected via a tapered waveguide.
- the active waveguide includes the first waveguide region D1, the second waveguide region D2, and the third waveguide region D3. While the active waveguide according to the third modification includes the first waveguide region D14, the second waveguide region D15, the third waveguide region D16, and the fourth waveguide region D17, It is different in that it is constituted by the fifth waveguide region D18.
- the pseudo fundamental mode waveguide according to the above-described embodiment includes the first waveguide region D1 (pseudo fundamental mode waveguide 11a) and the third waveguide region D3 (second The pseudo fundamental mode waveguide according to the third modification is provided in the first waveguide region D14 (first pseudo fundamental mode waveguide l id) while the pseudo fundamental mode waveguide 21a) is disposed in And the fifth waveguide region D18 (the second pseudo fundamental mode waveguide 21d) is different.
- the 1 X 1-MMI waveguide according to the above embodiment is disposed in the second waveguide region D2 (1 X 1 MMI waveguide 12a)
- the 1 X 1- MMI waveguide according to the present modification 3 is 1 X
- the point that the 1- MMI waveguide is disposed in the third waveguide region D16 (1 X 1-MMI waveguide 12 d) is different.
- the pseudo fundamental mode waveguide and the 1 X 1-MMI waveguide are directly connected, while in the third modification, the first pseudo fundamental mode waveguide l id And a first tapered waveguide 13d is disposed between the 1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ MMI waveguide 12d and a second tapered fundamental mode waveguide 21d and a 1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ MMI waveguide 12d.
- the two tapered waveguides 23d are disposed, and the difference is different.
- the junction with the pseudo fundamental mode waveguide matches the pseudo fundamental mode waveguide width. It is designed to widen the waveguide width toward the junction with the 1 X 1- MMI waveguide 12 d.
- the total length (L4 in FIG. 7) of the active MMI semiconductor laser 103 is about 600 ⁇ m.
- the lengths of the first pseudo fundamental mode waveguide l id and the second pseudo fundamental mode waveguide 21 d are each about 60 m, and the length of the 1 X 1- MMI waveguide 12 d is about 420 m It is. Further, the lengths of the first tapered waveguide 13 d and the second tapered waveguide 23 d are about 30 ⁇ m.
- the difference from 23d is in the waveguide width as in the above embodiment.
- the waveguide width (W4) of the 1 X 1- MMI waveguide 12 d, the first pseudo fundamental mode waveguide l id and the waveguide width (W3) of the second pseudo fundamental mode waveguide 21 d are the same as those of the above embodiment. It was the same.
- the layer configuration of the active MMI semiconductor laser 103 according to the present modification 3 is the same as that of the above embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8. Also, the manufacturing method can be manufactured by the same method as the above embodiment. The following describes the principle by which the semiconductor laser according to the third modification can achieve high light output as compared with the conventional laser and can achieve low power consumption.
- the current block layer is limited by applying a predetermined bias voltage between the front surface electrode 87a and the rear surface electrode 88a shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B.
- a current can be supplied to the active layer 73a located at the center of the mesa structure. Below the threshold current, spontaneous emission and absorption occur. On the other hand, when the threshold current is exceeded, that is, the stimulated emission exceeds the absorption, the laser can be oscillated.
- the area length of the MMI waveguide is designed in accordance with the above equations (1) and (2).
- the region length of the 1 X 1- MMI waveguide 12 d By designing the region length of the 1 X 1- MMI waveguide 12 d to satisfy the above-mentioned conditions 1 and 2, odd modes can not be excited in the 1 X 1- MMI waveguide 12 d. . For this reason, the odd mode can not exist as a standing wave in the active waveguide (in the semiconductor laser cavity). Therefore, even if the first mode is generated in the first quasi fundamental mode waveguide l id and the second quasi fundamental mode waveguide 21 d, the first order mode exists as a standing wave because it is an odd mode. I can not do it.
- the first pseudo fundamental mode waveguide 11 d and the second pseudo fundamental mode waveguide 21 d are waveguides that allow only the 0th mode (basic mode) and the 1st mode, the laser oscillation light is eventually obtained. Will output only the 0th mode (basic mode).
- the quasi-fundamental mode waveguide and the tapered waveguide can be disposed in the cavity.
- the first pseudo fundamental mode waveguide l ld and the second pseudo fundamental mode waveguide 21 d are substituted.
- the length of the tapered region was investigated to ultimately suppress the excess loss similar to that of the third modification. As a result, it was found that the length of the tapered region had to be 120 ⁇ m or more. In this case, there arises a problem that the area length other than the MMI area becomes long.
- the region in which the taper is provided can be set to about 30 m in order to ultimately suppress the excess loss. Therefore, the ratio of the area length in the active waveguide of 1 ⁇ 1-MMI waveguide 12 d is hardly reduced as compared with the case of applying the fundamental mode waveguide. Therefore, it is possible to provide a laser capable of realizing high light output characteristics while realizing low power consumption characteristics.
- the layer structure of the active MMI semiconductor laser according to the third modification is equivalent to the layer structure of a normal semiconductor laser.
- the active MMI semiconductor laser 103 according to the third modification can be manufactured in the same process as the manufacturing process of a normal semiconductor laser. That is, since it is possible to manufacture only by the already established manufacturing method, excellent in reproducibility and yield can be provided. Therefore, low cost can be achieved.
- the MMI region is 1 ⁇ 1.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and is also applicable to 1 ⁇ N ⁇ MMI (N is a positive integer). Further, as in the first modification, a configuration having a plurality of MMI regions is also applicable.
Abstract
Description
Claims
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US11/573,625 US7466736B2 (en) | 2004-08-13 | 2005-06-29 | Semiconductor laser diode, semiconductor optical amplifier, and optical communication device |
JP2006531319A JP4893306B2 (ja) | 2004-08-13 | 2005-06-29 | 半導体レーザ、半導体光アンプ、及び光通信装置 |
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Cited By (2)
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JP2009302376A (ja) * | 2008-06-16 | 2009-12-24 | Nec Corp | 半導体光素子およびその製造方法 |
JP7453650B2 (ja) | 2020-03-27 | 2024-03-21 | 株式会社デンソー | 半導体発光素子 |
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KR20110007617A (ko) | 2008-05-06 | 2011-01-24 | 휴렛-팩커드 디벨롭먼트 컴퍼니, 엘.피. | 마이크로 링 레이저의 시스템 및 방법 |
JP5268733B2 (ja) * | 2009-03-25 | 2013-08-21 | 富士通株式会社 | 光導波素子とその製造方法、半導体素子、レーザモジュール及び光伝送システム |
US8615029B2 (en) * | 2009-12-30 | 2013-12-24 | Ipg Photonics Corporation | Optical device |
DE102011100175B4 (de) | 2011-05-02 | 2021-12-23 | OSRAM Opto Semiconductors Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Laserlichtquelle mit einer Stegwellenleiterstruktur und einer Modenfilterstruktur |
JP5870509B2 (ja) * | 2011-05-30 | 2016-03-01 | ソニー株式会社 | 光源装置、光学ピックアップ、記録装置 |
RU2591586C2 (ru) * | 2011-08-18 | 2016-07-20 | Ай-Пи-Джи Фоутоникс Корпорейшн | ВЫСОКОМОЩНЫЙ ВОЛОКОННЫЙ ИСТОЧНИК НАКАЧКИ С ВЫСОКОЯРКИМ МАЛОШУМЯЩИМ ВЫХОДНЫМ ИЗЛУЧЕНИЕМ В ДИАПАЗОНЕ ДЛИН ВОЛН 974-1030 нм |
JP6160141B2 (ja) * | 2012-03-22 | 2017-07-12 | 日亜化学工業株式会社 | 半導体レーザ装置 |
CN110890690B (zh) * | 2019-11-29 | 2021-04-06 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | 一种半导体激光相干阵列及其制备方法 |
CN117117635A (zh) * | 2023-08-24 | 2023-11-24 | 武汉敏芯半导体股份有限公司 | 一种半导体光放大器及其制造方法 |
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JPH1168242A (ja) * | 1997-08-18 | 1999-03-09 | Nec Corp | 半導体レーザー |
JP2000323781A (ja) * | 1999-05-13 | 2000-11-24 | Nec Corp | 半導体レーザー及び半導体光増幅器並びにそれらの製造方法 |
JP2002319741A (ja) * | 2001-04-24 | 2002-10-31 | Nec Corp | 半導体光アンプおよび半導体レーザ |
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JP3244115B2 (ja) | 1997-08-18 | 2002-01-07 | 日本電気株式会社 | 半導体レーザー |
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2005
- 2005-06-29 WO PCT/JP2005/011906 patent/WO2006016453A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2005-06-29 JP JP2006531319A patent/JP4893306B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPH1168242A (ja) * | 1997-08-18 | 1999-03-09 | Nec Corp | 半導体レーザー |
JP2000323781A (ja) * | 1999-05-13 | 2000-11-24 | Nec Corp | 半導体レーザー及び半導体光増幅器並びにそれらの製造方法 |
JP2002319741A (ja) * | 2001-04-24 | 2002-10-31 | Nec Corp | 半導体光アンプおよび半導体レーザ |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2009302376A (ja) * | 2008-06-16 | 2009-12-24 | Nec Corp | 半導体光素子およびその製造方法 |
JP7453650B2 (ja) | 2020-03-27 | 2024-03-21 | 株式会社デンソー | 半導体発光素子 |
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JPWO2006016453A1 (ja) | 2008-07-31 |
JP4893306B2 (ja) | 2012-03-07 |
US7466736B2 (en) | 2008-12-16 |
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