WO2006009121A1 - 圧縮応力の強度分布を有する被膜を備えた表面被覆切削工具 - Google Patents
圧縮応力の強度分布を有する被膜を備えた表面被覆切削工具 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006009121A1 WO2006009121A1 PCT/JP2005/013182 JP2005013182W WO2006009121A1 WO 2006009121 A1 WO2006009121 A1 WO 2006009121A1 JP 2005013182 W JP2005013182 W JP 2005013182W WO 2006009121 A1 WO2006009121 A1 WO 2006009121A1
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- coating
- compressive stress
- intermediate point
- cutting tool
- coated cutting
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
- B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/0015—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterized by the colour of the layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B51/00—Tools for drilling machines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
- B23C5/16—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/24—Vacuum evaporation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/04—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
- C23C28/042—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material including a refractory ceramic layer, e.g. refractory metal oxides, ZrO2, rare earth oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/04—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
- C23C28/044—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material coatings specially adapted for cutting tools or wear applications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
- C23C30/005—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process on hard metal substrates
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a drill, an end mill, a drill tip replacement type tip, an end mill tip replacement tip, a milling tip replacement tip, a turning tip replacement tip, a metal saw, a gear cutting tool, a reamer,
- the present invention relates to a cutting tool such as a tap, and more particularly to a surface-coated cutting tool in which a coating that improves properties such as wear resistance is formed on the surface (outermost layer).
- cemented carbides (WC—Co alloys or alloys with carbonitrides such as Ti (titanium), Ta (tantalum), Nb (niobium), etc.) have been used as cutting tools. I came. However, along with recent high-speed cutting, cemented carbide, cermet, or alumina-based silicon nitride ceramics are used as the base material, and the surface is formed by CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) or PVD (Physical).
- CVD Chemical Vapor Deposition
- PVD Physical Vapor Deposition
- Vapor Deposition 3 to 20 ⁇ m for coatings made of carbides, nitrides, carbonitrides, boronitrides, and oxides such as IVa, Va, and Via metals and Al (aluminum) in the Periodic Table of Elements
- the use ratio of hard alloy tools coated to a thickness of is increasing.
- PVD coating can improve wear resistance without deteriorating the strength of the base material. Therefore, drills, end mills, milling cutters, or turning edge inserts (throwaway inserts) for turning, etc. It is widely used for cutting tools that require high strength.
- a cutting tool having a maximum compressive stress on the surface of the coating has a very small thickness because the coating is self-destructed after the coating is formed (after coating is completed) or when impact stress is applied.
- film chipping peeling
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-315006
- the present invention has been made in view of the current situation as described above, and an object thereof is to provide a surface in which the toughness and wear resistance of a cutting tool are both highly compatible and in particular, film chipping is suppressed. It is to provide a coated cutting tool.
- the present inventor has made extensive studies to solve the above problems, and as a result, the compressive stress in the surface portion of the coating formed as the outermost layer on the substrate is reduced, and the inside of the coating is within the coating.
- the compressive stress in the surface portion of the coating formed as the outermost layer on the substrate is reduced, and the inside of the coating is within the coating.
- the surface-coated cutting tool of the present invention is a surface-coated cutting tool comprising a substrate and a coating formed on the substrate, and the coating comprises an outermost layer on the substrate. And has a compressive stress, and the compressive stress changes so as to have a strength distribution in the thickness direction of the coating, and the strength distribution is determined by the compressive stress on the surface of the coating. It is characterized by continuously increasing from the surface of the coating to a first intermediate point located between the surface of the coating and the bottom surface of the coating, and having a maximum point at the first intermediate point. .
- the first intermediate point since the first intermediate point has a maximum point in this way, it has an action of suppressing the progress of cracks generated on the surface of the coating at this point toward the bottom surface of the coating.
- the first intermediate point is located (overlapping) on the bottom surface of the film as described above, and is located between the surface of the film and the bottom surface of the film.
- the surface-coated cutting tool of the present invention has the following first to second aspects according to the above-described intensity distribution (particularly, the intensity distribution to the bottom surface of the first intermediate point force film).
- the four embodiments mainly include the four embodiments.
- the strength distribution of the first aspect of the present invention has a minimum compressive stress on the surface of the coating and a constant compressive stress from the first intermediate point to the bottom of the coating. It is characterized by
- the compressive stress may be a stress in the range of 15 GPa or more and OGPa or less.
- the first intermediate point may be located at a distance of 0.1% to 50% of the thickness of the coating from the surface of the coating.
- the compressive stress may have a value of 25 to 95% of the compressive stress at the first intermediate point of the coating on the surface of the coating.
- the compressive stress may have a value of 35 to 85% of the compressive stress at the first intermediate point of the coating on the surface of the coating.
- the compressive stress has a minimum compressive stress on the surface of the coating, and the minimum compressive stress is directed to the surface force of the coating in the direction of the first intermediate point for a certain distance. After being maintained, the compressive stress continuously increases to the first intermediate point. You can do what you want.
- the strength distribution of the second aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the compressive stress continuously decreases from the first intermediate point to the bottom surface of the coating.
- the compressive stress can be a stress in a range of ⁇ 15 GPa to OGPa.
- the first intermediate point is 0.1% or more of the thickness of the coating from the surface of the coating.
- It may be located with a distance of 50% or less.
- the compressive stress can be minimized on the surface of the coating, and the compressive stress is 25 to 95 of the compressive stress at the first intermediate point of the coating on the surface of the coating.
- the compressive stress may have a value of 35 to 85% of the compressive stress at the first intermediate point of the coating on the surface of the coating.
- the compressive stress is such that the compressive stress on the surface of the coating film increases from the surface of the coating film.
- the intensity distribution of the third aspect of the present invention is such that the compressive stress is from the first intermediate point to the second intermediate point located between the first intermediate point and the bottom surface of the coating. Is continuously reduced and has a minimum point at the second intermediate point.
- the compressive stress can be a stress in the range of 15 GPa or more and OGPa or less.
- the first intermediate point is 0.1% or more of the thickness of the coating from the surface of the coating.
- the second intermediate point is
- the film it is possible to place the film at a distance of 0.2% to 95% of the thickness of the film from the surface of the film.
- the compressive stress can be minimized on the surface of the film, and the compressive stress can be 25 to 25 on the surface of the film at the first intermediate point of the film.
- the compressive stress may have a value of 35 to 85% of the compressive stress at the first intermediate point of the coating on the surface of the coating.
- the compressive stress is such that the compressive stress on the surface of the coating is the first from the surface of the coating. It can be continuously increased to the first intermediate point after being maintained for a certain distance in the direction of one intermediate point.
- the intensity distribution of the fourth aspect of the present invention is continuously obtained from the first intermediate point to the second intermediate point located between the first intermediate point and the bottom surface of the film. It has a minimum point at the second intermediate point, and further has one or more similar maximum points between the second intermediate point and the bottom surface of the film.
- the intensity distribution may further include one or more similar minimum points between the second intermediate point and the bottom surface of the coating.
- the intensity distribution may further have one or more of the same maximum point and minimum point as described above alternately in this order between the second intermediate point and the bottom surface of the film. .
- all of the above-mentioned minimum points may have a compressive stress having substantially the same numerical value
- all the above-mentioned maximum points may have a compressive stress having substantially the same numerical value.
- the above minimum and maximum points all have different compressive stress values!
- the compressive stress can be a stress in a range of ⁇ 15 GPa to OGPa.
- the first intermediate point may be located at a distance of 0.1% to 40% of the thickness of the coating from the surface of the coating.
- the second intermediate point may be located at a distance of 0.2% to 80% of the thickness of the coating from the surface of the coating.
- the compressive stress can be minimized at the surface of the coating, and the compressive stress can be compressed at the second intermediate point of the coating at the first intermediate point of the coating. It can have a value of 10-80% of the stress.
- the compressive stress may have a value of 20 to 60% of the compressive stress at the first intermediate point of the coating at the second intermediate point of the coating.
- the compressive stress is the first intermediate point after the compressive stress on the surface of the film is maintained for a certain distance from the surface of the film in the direction of the first intermediate point. It can be continuously increased.
- the surface-coated cutting tool of the present invention has toughness and abrasion resistance by having the above-described configuration.
- the film has particularly improved resistance to film chipping.
- the wear resistance and the resistance to film chipping are improved by having the minimum compressive stress on the surface of the film as in the strength distribution of the first aspect described above, and the film is compressed near the surface inside the film.
- the toughness is drastically improved.
- the surface of the coating has a compressive stress smaller than the inside of the coating, thereby improving the wear resistance and improving the resistance to film chipping. It has high toughness by forming a maximum point of the strength distribution of compressive stress near the inner surface. In addition, by providing a minimum point together with the above maximum point, the resistance to film chipping is dramatically improved by acting to relieve stress such as self-destruction and impact of the coating near the minimum point, Furthermore, high wear resistance can be obtained.
- the surface of the coating has a compressive stress smaller than the inside of the coating, thereby improving the wear resistance and improving the resistance to film chipping. It has high toughness by forming a maximum point of the strength distribution of compressive stress near the inner surface.
- the resistance to film chipping is dramatically improved by acting to relieve stresses such as self-destruction and impact of the coating in the vicinity of the minimum point. High wear resistance can be obtained.
- toughness and wear resistance are further improved.
- the resistance to film chipping is further improved.
- the present invention succeeds in improving both the toughness and the wear resistance at the same time and particularly improving the resistance to film chipping by having the characteristic compressive stress distribution as described above. It is a thing.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a surface-coated cutting tool according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic cross-sectional view of a coating portion of the surface-coated cutting tool of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing a first mode of strength distribution of compressive stress of a film.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the first aspect of the strength distribution of the compressive stress of the coating, and showing the case where the minimum compressive stress on the coating surface is maintained for a certain distance.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a surface-coated cutting tool of the present invention in which an intermediate layer is formed.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing a second embodiment of the strength distribution of the compressive stress of the film.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing a second aspect of the strength distribution of the compressive stress of the coating, and showing a case where the compressive stress on the coating surface is maintained at a constant distance.
- FIG. 8 is another schematic cross-sectional view in which a coating portion of the surface-coated cutting tool of the present invention is enlarged.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing a third embodiment of the strength distribution of the compressive stress of the film.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing a third embodiment of the strength distribution of the compressive stress of the coating, in which the compressive stress on the coating surface is maintained at a constant distance.
- FIG. 11 is another schematic cross-sectional view in which a coating portion of the surface-coated cutting tool of the present invention is enlarged.
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing a fourth embodiment of the strength distribution of the compressive stress of the film.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing a fourth aspect of the strength distribution of the compressive stress of the coating, and showing a case where the compressive stress on the coating surface is maintained at a constant distance.
- the surface-coated cutting tool 1 of the present invention has a configuration including a base material 2 and a coating 3 formed on the base material.
- the coating 3 is formed so as to be in direct contact with the surface of the base material 2.
- an arbitrary intermediate point is provided between the coating 3 and the base material 2 as described later. Even if a layer is formed, it does not matter.
- the case where the coating film is formed on the substrate includes the case where any intermediate layer is formed in this way.
- Such a surface-coated cutting tool of the present invention includes a drill, an end mill, a drill tip replacement tip, an end mill tip replacement tip, a milling tip replacement tip, a turning tip replacement tip, It can be suitably used as a cutting tool for metal saws, gear cutting tools, reamers, taps, etc., and is particularly suitable for applications for finish cutting or precision cutting, and particularly suitable for turning applications. In these applications, it has excellent toughness and wear resistance. In particular, it has excellent resistance to film chipping. Power Finished surface roughness of the work material is improved and finish surface gloss of the work material is also excellent, so simultaneous rough finishing is possible.
- any substrate can be used as the substrate used in the surface-coated cutting tool of the present invention as long as it is conventionally known as a substrate for this kind of use.
- cemented carbide for example, WC-based cemented carbide, WC, Co, or carbon nitrides such as Ti, Ta, Nb, etc.
- cermet TiC, TiN, TiCN, etc.
- high-speed steel ceramics (titanium carbide, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, aluminum oxide, etc.), cubic boron nitride sintered body, or diamond sintered body It is preferable.
- a WC-based cemented carbide, cermet, or cubic boron nitride sintered body it is particularly preferable to select a WC-based cemented carbide, cermet, or cubic boron nitride sintered body. This is because these substrates are particularly high temperature hardness and strength. This is because it has excellent balance and excellent properties as a base material for surface-coated cutting tools for the above-mentioned uses.
- the coating film of the present invention is formed on the above-mentioned base material and becomes the outermost layer. As long as it is formed in this way, it is not always necessary to cover the entire surface of the base material, and a portion where the coating film is not formed on the surface of the base material and the intensity distribution of compressive stress described later are satisfied. It does not matter even if there is no part.
- the compressive stress of the present invention is also applied to a layer newly exposed on the outermost surface after the film is removed. In the case of a film satisfying the intensity distribution, it is included in the present invention.
- the exposed layer is also exposed when the coating is removed by any post-processing and the intermediate layer is exposed as the outermost layer.
- the intermediate layer of the portion becomes a film satisfying the compressive stress strength distribution of the present invention, it is included in the present invention (in this case, when the intermediate layer is formed of a plurality of layers, the plurality Of these layers, the outermost layer (the layer that becomes the outermost surface) is the coating of the present invention).
- Such a coating film is formed to impart an effect of improving various characteristics such as wear resistance, oxidation resistance, toughness, and coloring property for identifying a used blade edge part.
- the composition is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known composition can be adopted.
- Group IVa elements Ti, Zr, Hf, etc.
- Group Va elements V, Nb, Ta, etc.
- Group Vla elements Cr, Mo, W, etc.
- Al Al (Aluminum)
- B boron
- Si silicon
- Ge germanium group power of at least one element selected from carbide, nitride, oxide, carbonitride, carbonate, nitride oxide, carbonitride
- the composition include those composed of oxides or solid solutions thereof.
- TiCN TiN, TiSiN, TiSiCN, TiAlN, TiAlCrN, TiAlSiN, Ti AlSiCrN, AlCrN, AlCrCN, AlCrVN, TiBN, TiAlBN, TiSiBN, TiBCN, Ti A1BCN, TiSiBCN, A1N, A1CN, A1VN, A1VCN and the like.
- each atomic ratio follows the example of the above general formula.
- Such a coating film is formed as a single layer.
- the single layer may be a single layer or a plurality of layers, but it means a structure in which the types of constituent elements constituting each layer are the same. For this reason, as long as the types of the constituent elements are the same, a plurality of elements having different atomic ratios are stacked and included in the single layer here.
- the coating of the present invention is preferably composed of the same constituent elements and the same atomic ratio throughout the coating, although the thickness of one layer is less than 0.1 ⁇ m.
- the above also applies to the case of a super multi-layer film structure in which the types of constituent elements are not the same (for example, when two layers A and B are repeatedly laminated, between both A and B). It shall be included in the layer.
- the thickness of the coating of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1 m or more and 10 m or less. If the thickness is less than 0 .: m, the effect of improving various properties due to the formation of the film may not be obtained sufficiently, and if it exceeds 10 m, the film itself may be easily peeled off. .
- the method for forming the film of the present invention is not particularly limited, but it is preferably formed by physical vapor deposition (PVD method). This is because, by employing the physical vapor deposition method in this way, the compressive stress of the coating can be easily changed so that an intensity distribution is formed.
- PVD method physical vapor deposition
- a physical vapor deposition method is adopted when forming the coating on the substrate, and the substrate This can be done by adjusting the bias voltage. Further, as described later, it can be adjusted by using mechanical shock, thermal shock, or annealing due to heat.
- Examples of such physical vapor deposition methods include conventionally known methods such as a sputtering method and an ion plating method capable of adjusting the substrate bias voltage. In particular, among these various methods, it is preferable to employ an ion plating method or a magnetron sputtering method.
- the ion plating method uses a metal as a cathode and a vacuum chamber as an anode, evaporates and ionizes the metal, and at the same time applies a negative voltage (substrate bias voltage) to the substrate.
- a method of drawing and depositing metal ions on the surface of a substrate if nitrogen is introduced into a vacuum and reacted with a metal, a nitride compound of the metal is formed. For example, if titanium is used as a metal and reacted with nitrogen, titanium nitride (TiN) is formed.
- the magnetron sputtering method is a method in which, after making the inside of a vacuum chamber a high vacuum, Ar gas is introduced and a high voltage is applied to the target to generate a glow discharge.
- Ar gas is introduced and a high voltage is applied to the target to generate a glow discharge.
- the jumped and ionized target atoms are accelerated and deposited on the substrate by the substrate bias voltage between the target and the substrate.
- Such magnetron sputtering methods include a balanced magnetron sputtering method and an unbalanced magnetron sputtering method.
- a method for controlling the substrate bias voltage by physical vapor deposition is cited as a method for forming the strength distribution of the compressive stress of the film.
- such a method is used. It is not limited only to the method.
- a method of applying compressive stress by mechanical impact such as blasting after forming a film
- a method of relaxing compressive stress using a heat source such as a heater or a laser
- a method of combining these methods, and the like can be mentioned.
- the coating of the present invention has a compressive stress.
- the compressive stress is preferably in the range of ⁇ 15 GPa to 0 GPa. More preferably, the lower limit is 1 lOGPa, more preferably 1 8 GPa. The upper limit thereof is more preferably 10.5 GPa, still more preferably 1 GPa.
- the coating When the compressive stress of the coating is less than 15 GPa, the coating may be peeled off particularly at the edge of the cutting edge depending on the shape of the cutting tool (the cutting edge has a very small acute angle or a complicated shape). . Also, if the compressive stress of the coating exceeds OGPa, the stress of the coating will be in a tensile state, so that the coating will crack and this may cause the tool itself to break.
- the compressive stress referred to in the present invention is a kind of internal stress (intrinsic strain) existing in the film, and is represented by a numerical value (unit: GPa) of "-" (minus). .
- GPa numerical value
- the expression that the compressive stress (internal stress) is large indicates that the absolute value of the numerical value is large
- the expression that the compressive stress (internal stress) is small indicates that the absolute value of the numerical value is small. It shows.
- the compressive stress of the present invention as described above, is measured in such a way that sin 2 phi method.
- X-ray sin 2 phi method using is widely used as a method of measuring residual stress in a polycrystalline material. This measurement method is described in detail on pages 54 to 66 of “X-ray stress measurement method” (Japan Society of Materials Science, published by Yokendo Co., Ltd. in 1981). Law To fix the X-ray penetration depth, and measure the diffraction angles 2 ⁇ for various ⁇ directions in the plane including the stress direction to be measured and the sample surface normal set at the measurement position. A sin ⁇ diagram can be created, and the average compressive stress from the gradient to the depth (distance of the surface force of the coating) can be obtained. Similarly, by sequentially measuring the average compressive stress to different depths and performing a mathematical method, the strength distribution of the compressive stress in the thickness direction of the coating can be obtained.
- X-rays from an X-ray source are incident on the sample at a predetermined angle
- X-rays diffracted by the sample are detected by an X-ray detector
- internal stress is measured based on the detected values.
- the X-ray is incident from the X-ray source at an arbitrary setting angle to the sample surface at an arbitrary position of the sample, and the X-ray irradiation point on the sample is incident on the sample surface.
- the sample is rotated around the X axis that is coincident with the incident X-ray when the ⁇ axis is rotated parallel to the sample table and the ⁇ axis is parallel to the sample table, the sample surface and the incident X-ray are formed. While rotating the sample so that the angle is constant, the compression stress inside the sample can be obtained by measuring the diffraction line by changing the angle ⁇ between the normal of the diffraction surface and the normal of the sample surface. it can.
- synchrotron radiation in terms of the quality of the X-ray source (high brightness, high parallelism, wavelength variability, etc.)
- SR synchrotron radiation
- the Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of the coating are required.
- the Young's modulus can be measured using a dynamic hardness meter or the like, and the Poisson's ratio does not vary greatly depending on the material, so a value around 0.2 should be used.
- an accurate compressive stress value is not particularly important, and an intensity distribution of compressive stress is important. Therefore, when calculating the compressive stress from the 2 ⁇ sin ⁇ diagram, it is possible to substitute the strength distribution of the compressive stress by determining the lattice constant and the lattice spacing without using the Young's modulus.
- the compressive stress of the coating of the present invention changes so as to have a strength distribution in the thickness direction of the coating.
- the thickness direction of the film is a direction in which the surface force of the film is also directed toward the bottom surface of the film (the surface of the outermost layer on the outermost layer because the film is the outermost layer on the substrate), The direction is perpendicular to the surface of the coating.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the portion of the film 3 in FIG. 1. More specifically, the thickness direction of the film is indicated by the direction arrow 7 from the surface 4 of the film to the bottom surface 6 of the film.
- arrow 7 is the force on the surface of the film 4 force shown in the direction toward the bottom surface 6 of the film.
- the direction is perpendicular to the surface of the film, it is not necessary to limit the vertical direction. It may be directed from the bottom surface 6 of the coating to the surface 4 of the coating.
- the strength distribution indicates that the magnitude of the compressive stress changes by forming a distribution in the thickness direction of the coating. Therefore, the compressive stress has a strength distribution in the thickness direction of the coating, in other words, means that the magnitude of the compressive stress changes in a direction perpendicular to the coating surface in a direction parallel to the coating surface. Is.
- the strength distribution continuously increases from the surface of the coating to the first intermediate point located between the surface of the coating and the bottom of the coating.
- the first intermediate point has a maximum point.
- the first aspect of the strength distribution has a minimum compressive stress on the surface of the coating (in other words, a compressive stress having a minimum absolute value), and from the surface of the coating to the surface of the coating and the coating.
- the compressive stress continuously increases to the first intermediate point located between the first intermediate point and has a maximum point at the first intermediate point, and is compressed from the first intermediate point to the bottom surface of the coating.
- the stress is a constant value.
- Figure 3 is a graph of strength distribution with the horizontal axis representing the distance from the surface of the coating and the vertical axis representing compressive stress in the thickness direction of the coating.
- the first intermediate point 5 is a force located between the surface 4 of the film and the bottom surface 6 of the film.
- the surface of the film If the vertical distance from 4 is indicated, the thickness of the coating (the vertical distance from the coating surface 4 to the coating bottom surface 6) is not necessarily 1Z2. Usually, such first intermediate point 5 is located closer to the surface 4 of the coating than to the bottom surface 6 of the coating.
- the first intermediate point 5 is 0.1 in the thickness of the coating (the vertical distance from the coating surface 4 to the bottom surface 6 of the coating) from the coating surface 4. More preferably, the lower limit is 0.3%, more preferably 0.5%, and the upper limit is 40%, more preferably 35%.
- such compressive stress preferably has a value of 25 to 95% of the compressive stress at the first midpoint of the coating on the surface of the coating. More preferably, the upper limit is 90%, more preferably 85%, and the lower limit is 30%, more preferably 35%.
- the above-mentioned local maximum point is one that is observed at the first intermediate point (a point where the distance from the surface of the coating is about 0.1 ⁇ m in FIG. 3).
- the compressive stress that is minimal on the surface of the coating in Fig. 3, a compressive stress with a value of approximately -1. 8 GPa continuously increases toward the bottom surface 6 of the coating.
- the degree of increase changes, as shown in FIG. 3, indicating that the compressive stress becomes a constant value in the direction toward the bottom surface of the film, with this maximum point as a boundary. Therefore, this maximum point has the same meaning or broader meaning as the maximum point which is a mathematical function term.
- the force at which the compressive stress is minimized only at the surface of the coating is as described above.
- the surface force of the coating is not limited to the case where it has the minimum compressive stress, but only at the point where the surface force of the surface force ⁇ ⁇ m.
- the field is maintained within a certain distance (preferably 0.5 / zm or less). Including That is, the compressive stress has a minimum compressive stress on the surface of the coating, and the minimum compressive stress is a certain distance toward the first intermediate point (preferably 0. And the compression stress continuously increases to the first intermediate point after being maintained for 5 m or less).
- the minimum compressive stress force on the surface of the film The surface force of the film When maintained within a certain distance toward the bottom surface of the film, the film chipping is particularly excellent in suppressing effect and wear resistance. Preferred to have,
- the surface force of the coating continuously increases up to the first intermediate point when the compressive stress increases as shown in FIG. It also includes the case where it increases in a state and the case where it increases linearly. In addition, there is a case where it decreases in part or the degree of increase (slope) changes halfway! /, Even if it is gradual (increases in steps) If it increases from the surface of the coating toward the first midpoint, it is included in the case of continuous increase here.
- the first intermediate point force also has a constant compressive stress up to the bottom surface of the film when the compressive stress is considered to be substantially constant, not only when it has a completely constant numerical value. Is also included.
- the intensity distribution has a minimum compressive stress on the surface of the coating, and from the surface of the coating to the surface of the coating and the bottom of the coating
- the first intermediate point located between the two points increases continuously, and the first intermediate point has a maximum point.
- the surface-coated cutting tool of the present invention exhibits an extremely excellent effect that it has succeeded in achieving both toughness, wear resistance and resistance to film chipping. [0090] Such an excellent effect does not have the above-mentioned maximum point, and the surface force of the coating is directed to the bottom surface of the coating, and the compressive stress is reduced or increased uniformly in a continuous or stepwise manner. This is a special effect that cannot be shown in the conventional surface-coated cutting tool (Patent Document 1) that features the above.
- the compressive stress on the surface of the coating continuously increases from the surface of the coating to a first intermediate point located between the surface of the coating and the bottom of the coating.
- the first intermediate point has a maximum point, and the compressive stress continuously decreases from the first intermediate point to the bottom surface of the coating.
- Figure 6 is a graph of strength distribution with the horizontal axis representing the distance from the surface of the coating and the vertical axis representing compressive stress in the thickness direction of the coating.
- the first intermediate point 5 is a force located between the surface 4 of the coating and the bottom surface 6 of the coating. If the vertical distance from 4 is indicated, the thickness of the coating (the vertical distance from the coating surface 4 to the coating bottom surface 6) is not necessarily 1Z2. Usually, such first intermediate point 5 is located closer to the surface 4 of the coating than to the bottom surface 6 of the coating.
- such first intermediate point 5 is 0.1 from the surface of the film to the thickness of the film (the vertical distance from the surface 4 of the film to the bottom surface 6 of the film). More preferably, the lower limit is 0.3%, more preferably 0.5%, and the upper limit is 40%, more preferably 35%. It is preferable to do. If less than 1%, when used for finish cutting or precision cutting, the reduction of compressive stress is incomplete, and the effect of suppressing film chipping is reduced, and the effect of improving the finished surface roughness cannot be seen. There is. On the other hand, if it exceeds 50%, the effect of increasing the compressive stress inside the coating is reduced, and the effect of improving toughness may not be exhibited.
- the compressive stress can be minimized on the surface 4 of the coating (in other words, the absolute value thereof is minimized). Thereby, particularly excellent wear resistance and resistance to film chipping can be obtained.
- the pressure The compressive stress can be minimized at the bottom surface 6 of the coating (in other words, its absolute value is minimized). Thereby, particularly excellent wear resistance can be obtained.
- such compressive stress preferably has a value of 25 to 95% of the compressive stress at the first midpoint of the coating on the surface of the coating. More preferably, the upper limit is 90%, more preferably 85%, and the lower limit is 30%, more preferably 35%.
- the local maximum point is one that is observed at the first intermediate point (a point at which the distance from the surface of the coating is about 0.1 ⁇ m in FIG. 6).
- the compressive stress on the surface of the coating (the compressive stress having a value of about 1.8 GPa in Fig. 6) continuously increases toward the bottom surface 6 of the coating, and at this maximum point This indicates that the degree of increase will change.
- the change in the degree of increase indicates that, as shown in FIG. 6, the compressive stress continuously decreases in the direction of the bottom surface of the coating at this maximum point.
- the above-mentioned maximum point exists in only one point of the above-mentioned first intermediate point.
- the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to such an embodiment.
- the existence of a maximum point with a certain thickness means that the compressive stress at the maximum point has a substantially constant value from the first intermediate point to the thickness (preferably 1Z2 or less of the thickness of the coating). That means.
- the toughness can be further improved by the presence of the maximum point with a thickness having the first intermediate point force.
- the maximum point in the present application has the same meaning or a broader meaning than the maximum point that is a mathematical function term.
- the compressive stress continuously increases from the surface of the coating (that is, the point where the surface force distance of the coating is 0 m).
- the compressive stress on the surface of the coating is not limited to this mode. Including the case where it is maintained within a certain distance (preferably 0.5 m or less) toward the bottom of the membrane. That is, the compressive stress has a compressive stress smaller than the inside (in other words, a compressive stress whose absolute value is smaller than the absolute value of the inside) on the surface of the coating, and the compressive stress is a surface force of the coating.
- the surface force of the coating increases the compressive stress continuously up to the first intermediate point as shown in Fig. 6. It also includes the case where it increases in a state and the case where it increases linearly. In addition, there is a case where it decreases in part or the degree of increase (slope) changes halfway! /, Even if it is gradual (increases in steps) If it increases from the surface of the coating toward the first midpoint, it is included in the case of continuous increase here.
- the fact that the compressive stress continuously decreases to the bottom surface of the first intermediate point force is not only when it decreases in a convex state as shown in FIG. It also includes the case of decreasing in the state or linearly decreasing.
- the degree of increase or decrease in part, (inclination) may change in the middle, or even if it is gradual (decrease in steps) as a whole, If the first intermediate point decreases toward the bottom surface of the coating, it is included in the case of continuous decrease here.
- the intensity distribution is such that the compressive stress on the surface of the film is located between the surface of the film and the surface of the film and the bottom surface of the film. It continuously increases to the first intermediate point, and has a maximum point at the first intermediate point. In this way, the surface of the film has a smaller compressive stress than the inside, thereby improving the wear resistance of the film surface as much as possible and film chipping. The toughness is improved and the large compressive stress in the vicinity of the maximum point provides extremely good toughness.
- the surface-coated cutting tool of the present invention exhibits an extremely excellent effect that it has succeeded in achieving both toughness, wear resistance and resistance to film chipping.
- the compressive stress on the surface of the coating continuously increases from the surface of the coating to a first intermediate point located between the surface of the coating and the bottom of the coating.
- the first intermediate point has a local maximum point, and continuously decreases from the first intermediate point to the second intermediate point located between the first intermediate point and the bottom surface of the film.
- the second intermediate point has a minimum point.
- Figure 9 is a graph of the strength distribution in the thickness direction of the coating, with the distance from the coating surface as the horizontal axis and the compressive stress as the vertical axis.
- the first intermediate point 5 is a force that is located between the surface 4 of the coating and the bottom surface 6 of the coating. If the vertical distance from 4 is indicated, the thickness of the coating (the vertical distance from the coating surface 4 to the coating bottom surface 6) is not necessarily 1Z2. Usually, such first intermediate point 5 is located closer to the surface 4 of the coating than to the bottom surface 6 of the coating.
- such first intermediate point 5 is 0.1 of the thickness of the coating (the vertical distance from the coating surface 4 to the coating bottom 6) from the coating surface 4. It is preferable to be located at a distance of not less than 50% and not more than 50%, more preferably the lower limit is 0.3%. More preferably, it is 0.5%, and the upper limit is 40%, more preferably 35%. If less than 1%, when used for finish cutting or precision cutting, the reduction of compressive stress is incomplete, the effect of suppressing film chipping is reduced, and the effect of improving the finished surface roughness cannot be seen. There is. On the other hand, if it exceeds 50%, the effect of increasing the compressive stress inside the coating is reduced, and the effect of improving toughness may not be exhibited.
- the compressive stress can be minimized on the surface 4 of the coating (in other words, the absolute value thereof is minimized). As a result, particularly excellent wear resistance can be obtained.
- the compressive stress has a value of 25 to 95% of the compressive stress at the first midpoint of the coating on the surface of the coating. More preferably, the upper limit is 90%, more preferably 85%, and the lower limit is 30%, more preferably 35%.
- the above-mentioned maximum point is one that is observed at the first intermediate point (a point at which the distance from the surface of the coating is about 0.1 ⁇ m in FIG. 9).
- the compressive stress on the surface of the coating (compressive stress having a value of about 1.8 GPa in Fig. 9) continuously increases toward the bottom surface 6 of the coating, and at this maximum point This indicates that the degree of increase will change.
- the change in the degree of increase indicates that the compressive stress continuously decreases in the direction of the second intermediate point at the maximum point as shown in Fig. 9. .
- the above-mentioned maximum point exists in only one point of the above-mentioned first intermediate point, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to such an embodiment.
- the existence of a maximum point with a certain thickness means that the compressive stress at the maximum point has a substantially constant value from the first intermediate point to the thickness (preferably 1Z2 or less of the thickness of the coating). That means.
- the maximum point has a thickness that is the first intermediate point force.
- the maximum point in the present application has the same meaning as or a broader meaning than the maximum point that is a mathematical function term.
- the second intermediate point 9 is located between the first intermediate point 5 and the bottom surface 6 of the coating film. It is not necessary to have a vertical distance of 1Z2 from the first intermediate point 5 to the bottom surface 6 of the coating. Usually, such second intermediate point 9 is located closer to the first intermediate point 5 than the bottom surface 6 of the coating.
- such second intermediate point 9 is 0.2 from the surface of the film to the thickness of the film (the vertical distance from the surface 4 of the film to the bottom surface 6 of the film). More preferably, the lower limit is 0.5%, more preferably 1.0%, and the upper limit is 90%, more preferably 80%. It is preferable to do. If it is less than 2%, compression stress may not be sufficiently applied, and the effect of improving toughness may not be observed. On the other hand, if it exceeds 95%, the compression stress may not be sufficiently reduced, and the effect of suppressing film chipping and the effect of improving wear resistance may not be observed.
- the compressive stress preferably has a value of 20 to 90% of the compressive stress (maximum point) at the first intermediate point. More preferably, the upper limit is 85%, more preferably 80%, and the lower limit is 30%, more preferably 40%.
- the above-mentioned minimum point is observed at the second intermediate point (a point at which the distance from the surface of the film is about 0.0 in Fig. 9) in terms of position. 1
- the compressive stress at midpoint 5 continuously decreases toward the bottom surface 6 of the coating, and the degree of decrease at this minimum point Indicates that changes.
- the degree of decrease changes as shown in Fig. 9.
- Figure 6 shows that the compressive stress continuously increases in the direction of the bottom surface 6 of the coating at the minimum point.
- the above-described minimum point is present at only one point of the second intermediate point.
- the present invention is not limited to such a form.
- a minimum point exists in the thickness direction of the film.
- the existence of a minimum point with a certain thickness means that the compressive stress of the minimum point has a substantially constant value from the second intermediate point to the thickness (preferably 1Z2 or less of the coating thickness). That means.
- the wear resistance can be further improved by the presence of the minimum point having a thickness that also has the second intermediate point force.
- the minimum point in the present application has the same meaning as or a broader meaning than the minimum point that is a mathematical function term.
- FIG. 9 shows a mode in which the compressive stress continuously increases from the second intermediate point toward the bottom surface of the coating film.
- the case where the compressive stress has a constant value (substantially constant value) from the second intermediate point to the bottom surface of the film is also included.
- the second intermediate point force is compressed to the bottom of the film.
- the toughness is excellent.
- the stress becomes a constant value the effect of further improving the wear resistance is shown.
- the compressive stress continuously increases from the surface of the coating (that is, the point at a distance of 0 m from the surface of the coating).
- the compressive stress on the surface of the film is maintained within a certain distance (preferably 0.5 m or less) toward the bottom surface of the film.
- the compressive stress has a compressive stress smaller than the inside (in other words, a compressive stress whose absolute value is smaller than the absolute value of the inside) on the surface of the coating, and the compressive stress is a surface force of the coating.
- the compressive stress force on the surface of the film If maintained within a certain distance range, it is particularly preferable because it has an excellent effect of suppressing film chipping and wear resistance.
- the compressive stress continuously decreases when it decreases in a convex state as shown in Fig. 9 but decreases in a convex state or decreases linearly. Cases are also included. Furthermore, there is a case where the degree of increase (inclination) changes in the middle! However, if it decreases as a whole, it shall be included in the case of continuous decrease in the present application.
- the compressive stress continuously increases, as shown in Fig. 9, increasing linearly not only when increasing in the upward convex state tl or increasing in the downward convex state. It also includes the case of doing. Furthermore, there is a case where it decreases in part, or the degree of increase (slope) changes in the middle! /, Which is stepwise (increases in steps)! / However, if it increases as a whole, it is included in the case of continuous increase as used in this application.
- the intensity distribution is such that the compressive stress on the surface of the film is located between the surface of the film and the surface of the film and the bottom surface of the film. It continuously increases to the first intermediate point, and has a maximum point at the first intermediate point.
- a compressive stress smaller than the inside on the surface of the coating, wear resistance is improved and resistance to film chipping is excellent, and excellent toughness is provided in the vicinity of the maximum point. Excellent effect is shown.
- the compressive stress continuously decreases from the first intermediate point to the second intermediate point, and is minimal at the second intermediate point. Having a point provides a higher degree of wear resistance.
- the surface-covered cutting tool of the present invention has succeeded in achieving both toughness, wear resistance and resistance to film chipping, and exhibits an extremely excellent effect.
- the compressive stress on the surface of the coating continuously increases from the surface of the coating to a first intermediate point located between the surface of the coating and the bottom of the coating.
- the first intermediate point has a local maximum point, and continuously decreases from the first intermediate point to the second intermediate point located between the first intermediate point and the bottom surface of the film.
- the second intermediate point has a minimum point, and further has one or more similar maximum points between the second intermediate point and the bottom surface of the film.
- the same maximum point is a point that exhibits the same behavior on the intensity distribution as the maximum point at the first intermediate point, for example, from the second intermediate point toward the bottom surface of the film.
- by having one or more maximum points between the second intermediate point and the bottom surface of the coating it is possible to obtain further excellent toughness and to form a coating of cracks generated on the coating surface. Inward progress can be more effectively suppressed, and resistance to film chipping is further improved.
- the intensity distribution may further have one or more similar minimum points between the second intermediate point and the bottom surface of the coating.
- the same minimum point is a point exhibiting the same behavior on the intensity distribution as the minimum point at the second intermediate point, for example, between the second intermediate point and the bottom surface of the film. It means that the compressive stress continuously decreases from the maximum point located between them toward the bottom of the film, and the degree of decrease of the compressive stress changes at this point. I will do it.
- the resistance to film chipping is further improved and the wear resistance S is further improved.
- the intensity distribution further has one or more of the same maximum point and minimum point as described above alternately between the second intermediate point and the bottom surface of the coating, alternately in this order.
- the number of repetitions and the repetition interval are not particularly limited, but each local maximum point (including the local maximum point at the first intermediate point) and each local minimum point (including the local minimum point at the second intermediate point) ) Are present at substantially equal intervals, the distance between the local maximum points and the distance between the local minimum points are 0.1% to 70% of the thickness of the film in relation to the thickness of the film.
- the number of repetitions can be determined so that the range, preferably the upper limit is 60%, more preferably 50%, and the lower limit is 0.15%, more preferably 0.2%.
- Fig. 12 is a graph showing the strength distribution in the thickness direction of the film, with the distance from the surface of the film as the horizontal axis and the compressive stress as the vertical axis.
- the first intermediate point 5 is a force located between the surface 4 of the coating and the bottom surface 6 of the coating. If the vertical distance from 4 is indicated, the thickness of the coating (the vertical distance from the coating surface 4 to the coating bottom surface 6) is not necessarily 1Z2. Usually, such first intermediate point 5 is located closer to the surface 4 of the coating than to the bottom surface 6 of the coating.
- such first intermediate point 5 is 0.1 in the thickness of the coating film (the vertical distance from the coating film surface 4 to the coating bottom surface 6) from the coating film surface 4. More preferably, the lower limit is 0.3%, more preferably 0.5%, and the upper limit is 35%, more preferably 30%. It is preferable to The If less than 1%, when used for finish cutting or precision cutting, the reduction of compressive stress is incomplete, the effect of suppressing film chipping is reduced, and the effect of improving the finished surface roughness cannot be seen. There is. On the other hand, if it exceeds 40%, the effect of increasing the compressive stress inside the coating may be reduced, and the effect of improving toughness may not be exhibited.
- the compressive stress can be minimized on the surface 4 of the coating (in other words, the absolute value thereof is minimized). Thereby, particularly excellent toughness can be obtained.
- such a compressive stress has a value of 25 to 95% of the compressive stress at the first midpoint of the coating on the surface of the coating. More preferably, the upper limit is 90%, more preferably 85%, and the lower limit is 30%, more preferably 35%. If this value is less than 25%, sufficient toughness may not be obtained. If it exceeds 95%, the effect of reducing the compressive stress on the coating surface will be reduced, and impact absorption (relaxation of stress) will not be achieved. In some cases, the effect of suppressing film chipping may not be seen.
- the first local maximum point is the position of the surface 4 side force of the coating. Observed at any one or more points between the second intermediate point 9 and the bottom surface 6 of the coating (for example, the third intermediate point 10 in FIG. 11). It is.
- Such a maximum point is a point showing a behavior in the intensity distribution in which the compressive stress continuously increases toward the bottom surface 6 of the coating, and the degree of increase changes at the mushroom point. .
- the change in the degree of increase indicates that the compressive stress that has been increasing toward the bottom surface 6 of the coating decreases continuously from this maximum point.
- the above-mentioned maximum point is an aspect that does not have a width in the thickness direction of the film, but the aspect of the present invention is not limited to such an aspect. It also includes the case where the film has a thickness (width) in the thickness direction of the film.
- the existence of a maximum point with a certain thickness means that the compressive stress at the maximum point is the thickness (preferably the thickness of the coating). 1Z2 or less), it has a substantially constant value.
- the toughness can be further improved by the existence of the maximum point with a certain thickness.
- the maximal point as used in the present application has the same meaning or a broader meaning than the maximal point that is a mathematical function term.
- the second intermediate point 9 is located between the first intermediate point 5 and the bottom surface 6 of the film, but is not necessarily It is not necessary to have a vertical distance of 1Z2 from the first intermediate point 5 to the bottom surface 6 of the coating.
- such second intermediate point 9 is 0.2 from the surface of the coating to the thickness of the coating (the vertical distance from the surface 4 of the coating to the bottom 6 of the coating). More preferably, the lower limit is 0.5%, more preferably 1%, and the upper limit is 75%, more preferably 70%. Is preferred. If it is less than 0.2%, the compressive stress is not sufficiently applied, and the effect of improving toughness may not be exhibited. On the other hand, if it exceeds 80%, the compression stress may not be sufficiently reduced, and the effect of suppressing film chipping and the improvement of wear resistance may not be exhibited.
- the compressive stress preferably has a value of 10 to 80% of the compressive stress (maximum point) at the first intermediate point. More preferably, the upper limit is 70%, more preferably 60%, and the lower limit is 15%, more preferably 20%. Even when there are two or more local minimum points, each local minimum point preferably has a compressive stress in the above range.
- the first local minimum point is If there is a second minimum point after appearing at the second intermediate point 9, any one or more points between the second intermediate point 9 and the bottom surface 6 of the coating (for example, the first intermediate point in FIG. 11). It is observed at the midpoint of 4) 11).
- These local minimum points are continuously generated by compressive stress directed toward the bottom surface 6 of the coating. If the degree of decrease of the lever changes! /, The mushroom point shows the behavior on the intensity distribution! /. Here, the change in the degree of decrease indicates that the compressive stress, which has been decreasing with the direction toward the bottom surface 6 of the coating, continuously increases from this minimum point.
- the above-mentioned minimum point is present in a point that does not have a width in the thickness direction of the film, but the aspect of the present invention is not limited to this aspect. It also includes the case where the film has a thickness (width) in the thickness direction of the film.
- the existence of a minimum point with a certain thickness means that the compressive stress of the minimum point has a substantially constant value in the thickness (preferably 1Z2 or less of the thickness of the coating).
- the presence of a minimum point with a certain thickness can further improve the wear resistance.
- the minimum point in the present application has the same meaning as or a broader meaning than the minimum point that is a mathematical function term.
- each local maximum point and local minimum point exist at equal intervals or unequal intervals, and each compressive stress is between each local maximum point Z.
- Each local minimum point is substantially the same numerical value. It is preferable to exist as having.
- the compressive stress continuously increases from the surface of the film (that is, the point at which the surface force of the film is a distance), but this is an example of the present invention.
- the compressive stress on the surface of the film is maintained within a certain distance (preferably 0.5 m or less) toward the bottom surface of the film as shown in FIG. Shall also be included. That is, the compressive stress has a compressive stress smaller than the inside (in other words, a compressive stress whose absolute value is smaller than the absolute value of the inside) on the surface of the coating, and the compressive stress is a surface force of the coating.
- the pressure A mode in which the compressive stress continuously increases to the first intermediate point is included.
- the compressive stress continuously decreases when it decreases in a convex state as shown in Fig. 12 but decreases in a convex state or decreases linearly. This is also included. Furthermore, even if it increases in part or the degree of decrease (slope) changes in the middle, it may be stepwise (decrease in steps), but even if it decreases If so, it shall be included in the case of continuous decrease as referred to in this application.
- the compressive stress increases continuously, as shown in Fig. 12, increasing linearly not only when increasing in a convex state tl or increasing in a downward convex state. This is also included. Furthermore, even if it decreases in part or the degree of increase (slope) changes in the middle, it is stepwise (increases in steps), but it increases as a whole If so, it shall be included in the case of continuous increase in this application.
- the point closest to the bottom surface 6 side of the coating may be a minimum point or a maximum point. Therefore, the increase Z compression state on the bottom surface 6 of the coating can be in the state of increasing or in the process of decreasing, and the minimum or maximum point is located. There is no problem.
- the intensity distribution is such that the compressive stress on the surface of the coating is located between the surface of the coating and the surface of the coating and the bottom of the coating. It continuously increases to the first intermediate point, and has a maximum point at the first intermediate point.
- the compressive stress continuously decreases to the first intermediate point force to the second intermediate point, and is minimal at the second intermediate point. Having a point provides a higher degree of wear resistance.
- a plurality of maximum points and minimum points exist alternately in this order so that there are a plurality of points between the second intermediate point and the bottom surface of the coating. This makes it possible to more effectively suppress the development of cracks generated on the coating surface into the coating, further improving the resistance to film chipping, and exhibiting superior wear resistance and toughness. become.
- the surface-coated cutting tool of the present invention exhibits an extremely excellent effect of successfully achieving both toughness, wear resistance, and resistance to film chipping.
- an arbitrary intermediate layer 8 can be formed between the substrate 2 and the coating 3 as shown in FIG.
- Such an intermediate layer 8 usually has a property of improving the wear resistance and improving the adhesion between the substrate and the coating, and can be formed as one layer or a plurality of layers.
- the bottom surface 6 of the coating is a surface where the coating 3 and the intermediate layer 8 are in contact.
- Such an intermediate layer can be composed of, for example, TiN, TiCN, TiSiN, TiAlN, AlCrN, A1VN, TiAlCrN, TiAlSiN, TiAlSiCrN, AlCrVN, and the like.
- each atomic ratio follows the example of the general formula exemplified as the composition of the coating film.
- the compound composition of the film in the examples is XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis). Device).
- the compressive stress and the thickness (or distance of the film surface forces also) was measured by the above-mentioned sin 2 phi method.
- the X-ray energy used in the measurement by the sin ⁇ method was lOkeV, and the diffraction peak was TiAlN (Examples 1 to 6, Examples 11 to 16, and Example 21).
- the determined diffraction peak position is determined by fitting a Gaussian function, the slope of the 20 0-sin 2 ⁇ diagram is obtained, and the value obtained by using a dynamic hardness meter (MTS Nanoindenter) is adopted as the Young's modulus.
- MTS Nanoindenter dynamic hardness meter
- the value of TiN (0.19) was used as the stress value.
- the film is formed by the force sword arc ion plating method, but it is also possible to form the film by, for example, a balanced or unbalanced sputtering method. Further, in the following, the force forming a specific film composition can be obtained with a composition other than this.
- a cutting edge replaceable tip having the material and tool shape shown in Table 1 below (depending on the evaluation method of each characteristic described later) is prepared, and this is used as a force sword arc ion. Attached to the plating device.
- argon gas was introduced to maintain the pressure in the chamber at 3. OPa, and the substrate bias power supply voltage of the base material was gradually increased to -1500 V to adjust the surface of the base material. For 15 minutes. Thereafter, argon gas was exhausted.
- Ti Al N is 3 m as a film formed to be in direct contact with the substrate.
- the substrate (substrate) temperature is 450 ° C and the reaction gas pressure is 4.0 Pa.
- the substrate bias voltage As shown in Table 2 below, an arc current of 100 A is supplied to the force sword electrode, and metal ions are generated from the arc evaporation source.
- the surface-coated cutting tools of Examples 1 to 6 of the present invention having the following strength distribution were produced.
- the times described in Table 2 above indicate the elapsed time from the start of evaporation of metal ions by the alloy target.
- the numerical value of the voltage shown in each column indicates the bias voltage of the substrate corresponding to the above-mentioned elapsed time. For example, a single numerical value such as “one 150 V” is described. If the This indicates that the plate bias voltage was constant. In this case, the compressive stress in the coating also has a constant value. On the other hand, when it is described with a range such as ⁇ -150V to -50V '', it indicates that the substrate bias voltage was gradually reduced to 50V at a constant rate over the elapsed time. In this case, the compressive stress of the coating gradually decreases. When the force voltage starts to decrease, the maximum point of the compressive stress is formed.
- the numerical value described in the column of surface compressive stress indicates the minimum compressive stress indicated on the surface of the coating.
- the numerical value described in the first intermediate point column indicates the distance to the first intermediate point as the surface force of the film as the distance in the thickness direction of the film. It is relative to the thickness of the coating, and is indicated by “ ⁇ mj”.
- the numerical value shown in the maximum point column indicates the compressive stress at the maximum point. The stress is constant (same value) up to the bottom of the coating.
- the surface-coated cutting tools of the present invention of Examples 1 to 6 include the base material and the coating formed on the base, and the coating is the outermost on the base. It is an outer layer and has a compressive stress, and the compressive stress changes so as to have a strength distribution in the thickness direction of the coating, and the strength distribution is minimal on the surface of the coating.
- the compressive stress continuously increases from the surface of the coating to the first intermediate point located between the surface of the coating and the bottom surface of the coating, and the maximum point is reached at the first intermediate point.
- a constant compressive stress from the first intermediate point to the bottom surface of the coating that is, this intensity distribution shows the intensity distribution of the first aspect described above.
- a surface-coated cutting tool was prepared in the same manner as described above except that the evaporation of metal ions was started by the alloy target and the substrate bias voltage was maintained at -150 V for 60 minutes. (Comparative Example 1).
- the same one as used in Examples 1 to 6 was used as the base material of the surface-coated cutting tool. Then, this substrate was mounted on a cathode arc ion plating apparatus.
- the inside of the chamber of the apparatus is depressurized by a vacuum pump, and the temperature of the substrate is heated to 450 ° C by a heater installed in the apparatus, so that the pressure in the chamber 1 is 1. It was subjected to vacuum until the OX 10- 4 Pa.
- argon gas was introduced to maintain the pressure in the chamber at 3. OPa, and while gradually increasing the substrate bias power supply voltage of the base material to 1500V, the surface of the base material was tallyed. For 15 minutes. Thereafter, argon gas was exhausted.
- Al Cr N is 3 m as a film formed to be in direct contact with the substrate.
- the numerical values described in the column of surface compressive stress in Table 5 above indicate the minimum compressive stress indicated on the surface of the coating film as in Table 3.
- the numerical value described in the first intermediate point column also shows the distance to the first intermediate point as the distance in the thickness direction of the film, as in Table 3. (The value in “%” is relative to the thickness of the coating, and is shown in both “m”).
- the numerical value described in the maximum point column also shows the compressive stress at that point, as in Table 3, and this compressive stress is a constant value (same value) up to the bottom of the coating.
- the surface-coated cutting tool of the present invention of Examples 7 to 10 includes the base material and the coating formed on the base, and the coating is the outermost on the base. It is the outer layer and pressure
- the compressive stress changes so as to have a strength distribution in the thickness direction of the coating, and the strength distribution has a minimum compressive stress on the surface of the coating, and the coating
- the compressive stress continuously increases from the surface of the coating to the first intermediate point located between the surface of the coating and the bottom of the coating, and has a maximum point at the first intermediate point, and
- the compressive stress is constant from the first intermediate point to the bottom surface of the coating. That is, this intensity distribution shows the intensity distribution of the first aspect described above.
- Table 6 and Table 7 below show the cutting times measured above as the results of evaluation of the wear resistance of the surface-coated cutting tool. The longer the cutting time, the better the wear resistance! /.
- glossiness In the continuous cutting test, we also observed the glossiness of the finished surface of the work material, and the observation results are also shown in Tables 6 and 7. In this case, “glossy” means that the finished surface of the work material is glossy, and “white turbidity” means that the finished surface of the work material is not glossy and becomes cloudy.
- the surface-coated cutting tool according to the present invention of Examples 1 to 10 in both the continuous cutting test and the intermittent cutting test is the surface-coated cutting of Comparative Examples 1-2.
- the wear resistance (see continuous cutting test) and toughness (see intermittent cutting test) are improved, and the finished surface can be glossed, so it has excellent resistance to film chipping and surface-coated cutting. Ensure tool life is further improved I confirmed.
- the cutting conditions were as follows: S45C was used as the work material, cutting speed was 200mZmin, feed rate was 0.2mm / rev, cutting was 0.5mm, and wet turning for 10 minutes. A test was conducted.
- Table 6 and Table 7 below show the evaluation results of the finished surface gloss of each surface-coated cutting tool.
- Example 1- The surface-coated cutting tool according to the present invention of LO further improved the gloss of the finished surface as compared with the surface-coated cutting tool of Comparative Examples 1-2. Excellent resistance to membrane chipping! / Confirmed to speak.
- a cutting edge replacement type chip having the material and tool shape shown in Table 1 (which differs depending on the evaluation method of each characteristic described later) is prepared, and this is used as a force sword arc ion plate. It was attached to the ting device.
- the inside of the chamber of the apparatus is depressurized by a vacuum pump, and the temperature of the substrate is heated to 450 ° C by a heater installed in the apparatus, so that the pressure in the chamber 1 is 1. It was subjected to vacuum until the OX 10- 4 Pa.
- argon gas was introduced to maintain the pressure in the chamber at 3. OPa, and while gradually increasing the substrate bias power supply voltage of the substrate to 1500 V, the surface of the substrate was tallyed. For 15 minutes. Thereafter, argon gas was exhausted.
- Ti Al N is 3 m as a film formed to be in direct contact with the substrate.
- the substrate (substrate) temperature is 450 ° C and the reaction gas pressure is 4.0 Pa.
- the substrate bias voltage As shown in Table 8 below, an arc current of 100 A is supplied to the force sword electrode, and metal ions are generated from the arc evaporation source.
- the surface-coated cutting tools of Examples 11 to 16 of the present invention having the following strength distribution were produced.
- the times described in Table 8 above indicate the elapsed time from the start of evaporation of metal ions by the alloy target.
- the numerical value of the voltage shown in each column indicates the bias voltage of the substrate corresponding to the above-mentioned elapsed time.
- a range such as “one 70V to ⁇ 150V”
- the substrate bias voltage was gradually increased to -150V at a constant rate over the elapsed time, and in this case, the compressive stress of the coating gradually increased.
- “ ⁇ 150 V to 50 V” is described in such a range, the substrate bias voltage was gradually decreased from 150 V to 150 V at a constant rate over the elapsed time. In this case, the compressive stress of the coating gradually decreases, but the maximum point of the compressive stress is formed when the voltage starts to decrease.
- the values V and V shown in the column of surface compressive stress and bottom surface compressive stress indicate the compressive stress indicated by the surface ⁇ of the film and the bottom surface of the film, respectively. Yes.
- the numerical value described in the first intermediate point column indicates the distance to the first intermediate point as the distance in the thickness direction of the film. It is relative to the thickness of the coating, and is indicated by both “m” designations).
- the numerical value described in the column of the maximum point indicates the compressive stress at the maximum point.
- the surface-coated cutting tools of Examples 11 to 16 of the present invention include the base material and the coating formed on the base, and the coating is the outermost on the base. It is an outer layer and has a compressive stress, and the compressive stress changes so as to have a strength distribution in the thickness direction of the coating, and the strength distribution is a compressive stress on the surface of the coating. Continuously increases from the surface of the coating to a first intermediate point located between the surface of the coating and the bottom surface of the coating, and has a maximum point at the first intermediate point. The compressive stress continuously decreases from the midpoint of 1 to the bottom surface of the coating. That is, this strength distribution shows the strength distribution of the second aspect described above.
- a surface-coated cutting tool was prepared in the same manner as described above, except that the evaporation of metal ions was started by the alloy target and the substrate bias voltage was maintained at -150V for 60 minutes. (Comparative Example 3).
- the base material of the surface-coated cutting tool is the same as that used in Examples 11-16. The same thing was used. Then, this base material was mounted on a cathode arc ion plating apparatus.
- the inside of the chamber of the apparatus is depressurized by a vacuum pump, and the temperature of the substrate is heated to 450 ° C by a heater installed in the apparatus, so that the pressure in the chamber 1 is 1. It was subjected to vacuum until the OX 10- 4 Pa.
- argon gas is introduced to maintain the pressure in the chamber at 3. OPa, and while gradually increasing the substrate bias power supply voltage of the substrate to 1500 V, the surface of the substrate is tallyed. For 15 minutes. Thereafter, argon gas was exhausted.
- Al Cr V N is 3 as a film formed to be in direct contact with the substrate.
- the alloy evaporation target as the metal evaporation source so that the thickness is 0.7 0.25 0.05 ⁇ m and introduce nitrogen as the reaction gas, while the substrate (substrate) temperature is 450 ° C, the reaction gas 4.By changing the substrate bias voltage to OPa and changing the substrate bias voltage as shown in Table 10 below, an arc current of 100 A is supplied to the force sword electrode, and the arc evaporation source force generates metal ions as follows.
- the surface-coated cutting tools of Examples 17 to 20 having the strength distribution of compressive stress shown in Table 11 were produced.
- the numerical values described in the columns of surface compressive stress and bottom surface compressive stress indicate the compressive stress shown on the surface of the film and the bottom surface of the film, respectively, as in Table 9. ing.
- the numerical value described in the first intermediate point column also indicates the distance to the first intermediate point of the surface force of the film as the distance in the thickness direction of the film, as in Table 9.
- the value in “%” is relative to the thickness of the coating, and is shown in both “m”.
- the numerical value written in the maximum point column also shows the compressive stress at that point.
- the surface-coated cutting tools of Examples 17 to 20 of the present invention include the base material and the coating formed on the base, and the coating is the outermost on the base. It is an outer layer and has a compressive stress, and the compressive stress changes so as to have a strength distribution in the thickness direction of the coating, and the strength distribution is a compressive stress on the surface of the coating. Continuously increases from the surface of the coating to a first intermediate point located between the surface of the coating and the bottom surface of the coating, and has a maximum point at the first intermediate point. The compressive stress continuously decreases from the midpoint of 1 to the bottom surface of the coating. That is, this strength distribution shows the strength distribution of the second aspect described above.
- Table 12 and Table 13 below show the cutting times measured above as the results of evaluation of the wear resistance of the surface-coated cutting tool. The longer the cutting time, the better the wear resistance.
- the finished surface of the work material was also observed for gloss, and the observation results are also shown in Tables 12 and 13. In this case, “glossy” means that the finished surface of the work material is glossy, and “white turbidity” means that the finished surface of the work material is not glossy and becomes cloudy.
- the surface-coated cutting tool according to the present invention of Examples 11 to 20 in Comparative Examples 3 to 4 was used in both the continuous cutting test and the intermittent cutting test. Compared to surface-covered cutting tools, the wear resistance (see continuous cutting test) and toughness (see intermittent cutting test) are improved, and the finished surface can be glossed, resulting in excellent resistance to film chipping. It was also confirmed that the life of the surface-coated cutting tool was further improved.
- the cutting conditions were as follows: S45C was used as the work material, cutting speed was 200mZmin, feed rate was 0.2mm / rev, cutting was 0.5mm, and wet turning for 10 minutes. A test was conducted.
- Table 12 and Table 13 below show the evaluation results of the finished surface gloss of each surface-coated cutting tool.
- the surface-coated cutting tools according to the present invention in Examples 11 to 20 have improved finished surface gloss compared to the surface-coated cutting tools in Comparative Examples 3 to 4. It was confirmed that the film was excellent in resistance to film chipping.
- a cutting edge replacement type chip having the material and tool shape shown in Table 1 (which differs depending on the evaluation method of each characteristic described later) is prepared, and this is used as a force sword arc ion plate. It was attached to the ting device.
- the inside of the chamber of the apparatus is depressurized by a vacuum pump, and the temperature of the substrate is heated to 450 ° C by a heater installed in the apparatus, so that the pressure in the chamber 1 is 1. It was subjected to vacuum until the OX 10- 4 Pa.
- argon gas was introduced to maintain the pressure in the chamber at 3. OPa, and while gradually increasing the substrate bias power supply voltage of the substrate to 1500 V, the surface of the substrate was tallyed. For 15 minutes. Thereafter, argon gas was exhausted.
- the time described in Table 14 above indicates the elapsed time after the start of evaporation of metal ions by the alloy target.
- the numerical value of the voltage shown in each column indicates the noise voltage of the board corresponding to the above-mentioned elapsed time. For example, it is described with a range such as “—170V to ⁇ 70V”. In this case, the substrate bias voltage was gradually reduced to -70V at a constant rate over the elapsed time. In this case, the compressive stress of the film gradually decreased.
- the values listed in the columns of the compressive stress on the surface and the compressive stress on the bottom surface are the compressive stresses indicated on the surface of the coating and the bottom surface of the coating, respectively. Is shown. Further, the numerical values described in the first intermediate point and second intermediate point columns are the distance in the thickness direction of the film from the surface of the film to the first intermediate point and the second intermediate point. Show each distance! (The numerical value in “%” is relative to the thickness of the coating, and is shown in both “m”). The numerical values described in the maximum and minimum points column indicate the compressive stress at the maximum and minimum points, respectively.
- the surface-coated cutting tool of the present invention of Examples 21 to 26 includes the base material and the coating formed on the base, and the coating is the outermost on the base. It is an outer layer and has a compressive stress, and the compressive stress changes so as to have a strength distribution in the thickness direction of the coating, and the strength distribution is a compressive stress on the surface of the coating. Continuously increases from the surface of the coating to a first intermediate point located between the surface of the coating and the bottom surface of the coating, and has a maximum point at the first intermediate point.
- this intensity distribution shows the intensity distribution of the third aspect described above.
- a surface-coated cutting tool was prepared in the same manner as described above, except that the evaporation of metal ions was started by the alloy target and the substrate bias voltage was maintained at -150 V for 60 minutes. (Comparative Example 5).
- the base material of the surface-coated cutting tool the same one as used in Examples 21 to 26 was used. Then, this base material was mounted on a cathode arc ion plating apparatus.
- argon gas was introduced to maintain the pressure in the chamber at 3. OPa, and while gradually increasing the substrate bias power supply voltage of the substrate to 1500 V, the surface of the substrate was tallyed. For 15 minutes. Thereafter, argon gas was exhausted.
- Ti Si N is 3 m as a film formed to be in direct contact with the substrate.
- the surface-coated cutting tool of the present invention of Examples 27 to 30 includes the base material and the coating formed on the base, and the coating is the outermost on the base. It is an outer layer and has a compressive stress, and the compressive stress changes so as to have a strength distribution in the thickness direction of the coating, and the strength distribution is a compressive stress on the surface of the coating. Continuously increases from the surface of the coating to a first intermediate point located between the surface of the coating and the bottom surface of the coating, and has a maximum point at the first intermediate point.
- this intensity distribution shows the intensity distribution of the third aspect described above.
- Table 18 and Table 19 below show the cutting times measured above as the results of evaluation of the wear resistance of the surface-coated cutting tool. The longer the cutting time, the better the wear resistance. ing. In the continuous cutting test, the finished surface of the work material was also observed for glossiness, and the observation results are also shown in Table 18 and Table 19. In this case, “glossy” means that the finished surface of the work material is glossy, and “white turbidity” means that the finished surface of the work material is not glossy and becomes cloudy.
- the surface-coated cutting tool according to the present invention of Examples 21 to 30 in both the continuous cutting test and the intermittent cutting test has the surface coverage of Comparative Examples 5 to 6.
- the wear resistance (see the continuous cutting test) and toughness (see the intermittent cutting test) are further improved, and the finished surface can be glossed, so it has excellent resistance to film chipping and the surface. It was confirmed that the life of the coated cutting tool was further improved.
- Table 18 and Table 19 below show the evaluation results of the finished surface gloss of each surface-coated cutting tool.
- the surface-coated cutting tools according to the present invention in Examples 21 to 30 have improved finished surface gloss compared to the surface-coated cutting tools in Comparative Examples 5 to 6. It was confirmed that the film was excellent in resistance to film chipping.
- a cutting edge replaceable tip for cutting having the material and tool shape shown in Table 1 above (depending on the evaluation method for each characteristic described later) is prepared, and this is used as a force sword arc ion It was attached to the ting device.
- argon gas is introduced to maintain the pressure in the chamber at 3. OPa, and the substrate bias power supply voltage of the substrate is gradually increased to 1500 V, and the surface of the substrate is tallyed. For 15 minutes. Thereafter, argon gas was exhausted.
- Ti Al N is formed as a film formed to be in direct contact with the substrate.
- the alloy target that is the metal evaporation source so that it is formed with the thickness of the substrate, while introducing nitrogen gas as the reaction gas, the substrate (substrate) temperature is 450 ° C and the reaction gas pressure is 4.0 Pa.
- the substrate bias voltage As shown in Table 20 below, an arc current of 100 A is supplied to the cathode electrode for 60 minutes, and the arc evaporation source force also generates metal ions.
- the surface-coated cutting tool of Examples 31 to 36 of the present invention having the compressive stress intensity distribution shown in FIG.
- first cycle and “second cycle” in Table 20 above are obtained by alternately repeating these two cycles at the time indicated in each cycle for 60 minutes ( Force starting from “first cycle” (not necessarily finished in “second cycle”) Indicates that a substrate bias voltage is applied. That is, the time described in each cycle indicates the elapsed time during which metal ions are evaporated by the alloy target. In addition, the numerical value of each voltage indicated indicates the bias voltage of the substrate corresponding to the above elapsed time. For example, the range of “ ⁇ 50V to 1150V” is described as the elapsed time. This shows that the substrate bias voltage was gradually increased from 50V force to 150V at a constant rate over time, and in this case, the compressive stress of the coating gradually increased.
- the substrate bias voltage is gradually reduced over the elapsed time.
- the compressive stress of the film gradually decreases. Then, from the point where the voltage changes from increasing to decreasing (ie, from “first cycle” to “second cycle”) and from the point where the voltage changes from decreasing to increasing (ie, from “second cycle”). In this case, the maximum point and the minimum point of the compressive stress are formed respectively.
- the values shown in the columns of the compressive stress on the surface and the compressive stress on the bottom surface indicate the compressive stress indicated on the surface of the coating and the bottom surface of the coating, respectively.
- the numerical values described in the first intermediate point and second intermediate point columns are the distances in the thickness direction of the film from the surface of the film, and the first intermediate point and the second intermediate point. Show each distance to the point! (The numerical value in “%” is relative to the thickness of the coating, and is shown in both “m”).
- the numerical values described in the maximum and minimum points column indicate the compressive stress at each maximum point and each minimum point, respectively. Have substantially the same number of compressive stresses).
- the number of local maximum points Z distance and the number of local minimum points Z distance are respectively the number of local maximum points and local minimum points existing between the surface of the film and the bottom surface of the film, and the distance between local maximum points and local minimum points. Show the distance between points.
- the surface-coated cutting tools of Examples 31 to 36 of the present invention include the base material and the coating film formed on the base material, and the coating film is the outermost coating material on the base material. It is an outer layer and has a compressive stress, and the compressive stress changes so as to have a strength distribution in the thickness direction of the coating, and the strength distribution is a compressive stress on the surface of the coating. Continuously increases from the surface of the coating to a first intermediate point located between the surface of the coating and the bottom surface of the coating, and has a maximum point at the first intermediate point.
- each has one or more local maximum points and local minimum points.
- These local maximum points and local minimum points are alternately present in this order, and the local maximum points in each example all have compressive stresses having substantially the same numerical values, and All local minimum points in the respective examples have compressive stresses having substantially the same numerical value, and the local maximum points and the local minimum points exist at substantially equal intervals. That is, this intensity distribution shows the intensity distribution of the fourth aspect described above.
- a surface-coated cutting tool was prepared in the same manner as described above, except that the evaporation of metal ions was started by the alloy target and the substrate bias voltage was maintained at -150V for 60 minutes. (Comparative Example 7).
- the inside of the chamber of the apparatus is depressurized by a vacuum pump, and the temperature of the substrate is heated to 450 ° C by a heater installed in the apparatus, so that the pressure in the chamber 1 is 1. It was subjected to vacuum until the OX 10- 4 Pa.
- argon gas was introduced to maintain the pressure in the chamber at 3. OPa, and while gradually increasing the substrate bias power supply voltage of the substrate to 1500 V, the surface of the substrate was tallyed. For 15 minutes. Thereafter, argon gas was exhausted.
- Ti Si Cr N 3 was formed as a film formed so as to be in direct contact with the substrate.
- first cycle and second cycle described in Table 22 above are the same as those in Table 20 for each time described in both these cycles for 60 minutes. Substrate by repeating both cycles alternately (starting from “first cycle") It shows that a bias voltage is applied. In addition, the time and voltage values described in each column also indicate the substrate bias voltage corresponding to the above elapsed time, as in Table 20.
- the numerical values listed in the columns of surface compressive stress and bottom surface compressive stress are the same as in Table 21, and the compressive stresses indicated on the surface of the film and the bottom surface of the film, respectively. Show. Also, the numerical values listed in the first intermediate point and second intermediate point columns are the distances in the coating thickness direction as the distance in the thickness direction of the coating, as in Table 21. (The numerical value in “%” indicates the thickness of the coating, and is indicated by both “m”). The numerical values listed in the maximum and minimum points column also indicate the compressive stress at that point, as in Table 21 (note that the numerical value is accompanied by a range, but within this numerical range) Have substantially the same numerical compressive stress). In addition, as in Table 21, the number of maximum points Z distance and the number of minimum points Z distance are respectively the number of local maximum points and local minimum points existing between the surface of the coating and the bottom of the coating. The distance between each local maximum point and each local minimum point is shown.
- the surface-coated cutting tool of the present invention of Examples 37 to 40 includes the base material and the coating formed on the base, and the coating is the outermost on the base. It is an outer layer and has a compressive stress, and the compressive stress changes so as to have a strength distribution in the thickness direction of the coating, and the strength distribution is a compressive stress on the surface of the coating. Continuously increases from the surface of the coating to a first intermediate point located between the surface of the coating and the bottom surface of the coating, and has a maximum point at the first intermediate point.
- each has one or more local maximum points and local minimum points.
- These local maximum points and local minimum points are alternately present in this order, and the local maximum points in each example all have compressive stresses having substantially the same numerical values, and All local minimum points in the respective examples have compressive stresses having substantially the same numerical value, and the local maximum points and the local minimum points exist at substantially equal intervals. That is, this intensity distribution shows the intensity distribution of the fourth aspect described above.
- Table 24 and Table 25 below show the cutting times measured above as the results of the evaluation of the wear resistance of the surface-coated cutting tool. The longer the cutting time, the better the wear resistance.
- the finished surface of the work material was also observed for glossiness, and the observation results are also shown in Table 24 and Table 25.
- glossiness means that the finished surface of the work material is glossy
- white turbidity means that the finished surface of the work material is not glossy and becomes cloudy.
- the surface-coated cutting tool according to the present invention of Examples 31 to 40 in both the continuous cutting test and the intermittent cutting test was the surface coating of Comparative Examples 7 to 8.
- the wear resistance (see the continuous cutting test) and toughness (see the intermittent cutting test) are further improved, and the finished surface can be glossed, so it has excellent resistance to film chipping and the surface. It was confirmed that the life of the coated cutting tool was further improved.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
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US10/587,178 US7758950B2 (en) | 2004-07-23 | 2005-07-15 | Surface-coated cutting tool with coated film having strength distribution of compressive stress |
EP05766285.0A EP1772216B2 (en) | 2004-07-23 | 2005-07-15 | Surface coating cutting tool with coating film having intensity distribution of compression stress |
IL174532A IL174532A (en) | 2004-07-23 | 2006-03-23 | Surface-coated cutting tool with coated film having varying compressive stress |
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JP2004216349A JP4593994B2 (ja) | 2004-07-23 | 2004-07-23 | 表面被覆切削工具 |
JP2004-216349 | 2004-07-23 | ||
JP2004220168A JP4593996B2 (ja) | 2004-07-28 | 2004-07-28 | 表面被覆切削工具 |
JP2004-220168 | 2004-07-28 | ||
JP2004-224092 | 2004-07-30 | ||
JP2004224092A JP4593998B2 (ja) | 2004-07-30 | 2004-07-30 | 表面被覆切削工具 |
JP2004-239826 | 2004-08-19 | ||
JP2004239826A JP4594000B2 (ja) | 2004-08-19 | 2004-08-19 | 表面被覆切削工具 |
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US (1) | US7758950B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1772216B2 (ja) |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US7799415B2 (en) | 2004-07-08 | 2010-09-21 | Sumitomo Electric Hardmetal Corp. | Surface-coated cutting tool with coated film having strength distribution of compressive stress |
EP1772216B1 (en) | 2004-07-23 | 2018-05-30 | Sumitomo Electric Hardmetal Corp. | Surface coating cutting tool with coating film having intensity distribution of compression stress |
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DE102008009487B4 (de) * | 2008-02-15 | 2022-09-22 | Walter Ag | Strahlbehandelter Schneideinsatz und Verfahren |
WO2012063515A1 (ja) | 2010-11-10 | 2012-05-18 | 住友電工ハードメタル株式会社 | 表面被覆切削工具 |
US8574728B2 (en) | 2011-03-15 | 2013-11-05 | Kennametal Inc. | Aluminum oxynitride coated article and method of making the same |
EP2792765B1 (en) * | 2011-12-15 | 2018-09-12 | Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho (Kobe Steel, Ltd.) | Multilayer hard film and method for producing same |
US9017809B2 (en) | 2013-01-25 | 2015-04-28 | Kennametal Inc. | Coatings for cutting tools |
US9138864B2 (en) | 2013-01-25 | 2015-09-22 | Kennametal Inc. | Green colored refractory coatings for cutting tools |
US9427808B2 (en) | 2013-08-30 | 2016-08-30 | Kennametal Inc. | Refractory coatings for cutting tools |
GB201517879D0 (en) * | 2015-10-09 | 2015-11-25 | Spts Technologies Ltd | Method of deposition |
EP3228726A1 (en) * | 2016-04-08 | 2017-10-11 | Seco Tools Ab | Coated cutting tool |
JP2018030206A (ja) * | 2016-08-25 | 2018-03-01 | 住友電工ハードメタル株式会社 | 表面被覆切削工具およびその製造方法 |
JP2018030205A (ja) * | 2016-08-25 | 2018-03-01 | 住友電工ハードメタル株式会社 | 切削工具およびその製造方法 |
RU2699418C1 (ru) * | 2019-06-06 | 2019-09-05 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Кубанский государственный технологический университет" (ФГБОУ ВО "КубГТУ") | Способ получения износостойкого покрытия режущего инструмента |
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WO2006009121A1 (ja) | 2004-07-23 | 2006-01-26 | Sumitomo Electric Hardmetal Corp. | 圧縮応力の強度分布を有する被膜を備えた表面被覆切削工具 |
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JP2001315006A (ja) | 2000-05-11 | 2001-11-13 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 被覆硬質工具 |
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JP2003113463A (ja) * | 2001-08-03 | 2003-04-18 | Toshiba Tungaloy Co Ltd | TiAl化合物膜被覆部材およびその製造方法 |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US7799415B2 (en) | 2004-07-08 | 2010-09-21 | Sumitomo Electric Hardmetal Corp. | Surface-coated cutting tool with coated film having strength distribution of compressive stress |
EP1772216B1 (en) | 2004-07-23 | 2018-05-30 | Sumitomo Electric Hardmetal Corp. | Surface coating cutting tool with coating film having intensity distribution of compression stress |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1772216A1 (en) | 2007-04-11 |
US7758950B2 (en) | 2010-07-20 |
KR101035223B1 (ko) | 2011-05-18 |
KR20070026386A (ko) | 2007-03-08 |
US20070184272A1 (en) | 2007-08-09 |
EP1772216B2 (en) | 2022-10-26 |
IL174532A0 (en) | 2006-08-01 |
EP1772216A4 (en) | 2012-04-25 |
EP1772216B1 (en) | 2018-05-30 |
IL174532A (en) | 2013-03-24 |
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