WO2006000491A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung von pzt-basierten hochleistungs-piezokeramiken - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung von pzt-basierten hochleistungs-piezokeramiken Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006000491A1 WO2006000491A1 PCT/EP2005/051915 EP2005051915W WO2006000491A1 WO 2006000491 A1 WO2006000491 A1 WO 2006000491A1 EP 2005051915 W EP2005051915 W EP 2005051915W WO 2006000491 A1 WO2006000491 A1 WO 2006000491A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- iron
- pzt
- silver
- added
- amount
- Prior art date
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910013553 LiNO Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005587 carbonate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052451 lead zirconate titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 28
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910002056 binary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical compound [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000978 Pb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001420 alkaline earth metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010344 co-firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011365 complex material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead zirconate titanate Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4].[Zr+4].[Pb+2] HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012925 reference material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/48—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates
- C04B35/49—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates containing also titanium oxides or titanates
- C04B35/491—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates containing also titanium oxides or titanates based on lead zirconates and lead titanates, e.g. PZT
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- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10N30/05—Manufacture of multilayered piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices, or parts thereof, e.g. by stacking piezoelectric bodies and electrodes
- H10N30/053—Manufacture of multilayered piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices, or parts thereof, e.g. by stacking piezoelectric bodies and electrodes by integrally sintering piezoelectric or electrostrictive bodies and electrodes
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- H10N30/853—Ceramic compositions
- H10N30/8548—Lead-based oxides
- H10N30/8554—Lead-zirconium titanate [PZT] based
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- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/30—Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
- C04B2237/40—Metallic
- C04B2237/408—Noble metals, e.g. palladium, platina or silver
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/50—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices having a stacked or multilayer structure
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for the production of PZT-based ceramics according to the preamble of the independent claim.
- the invention also relates to a multilayer component produced by this method and its use.
- Piezoceramic material compositions are becoming increasingly important in the field of sensors and multilayer actuators, in particular in automotive applications in fuel injection. High deflections and stiffnesses, low dielectric losses and capacitances as well as high Curie temperatures and temperature and long-term stability require targeted and complex material compositions that allow only small tolerances.
- the object to produce a piezoceramic material composition on the basis of PZT, which has the desired material parameters, in particular high deformation capacity in further processing to multilayer actuators can not be solved by the method of DE 198 40488, as the Maugäbe, a corresponding piezoceramic material composition on the basis of PZT, which additionally sinters at low sintering temperatures below 960 0 C, preferably between 900 0 C and a maximum of 950 0 C in further processing to multilayer actuators.
- piezoceramic material compositions which can be provided with further processing to multilayer actuators with compared to Pd-containing, internal electrodes cheaper inner electrodes such as Ag or Cu. This requires a sintering temperature which is below the melting point of the less expensive materials, in the case of Ag less than 96O 0 C.
- Piezoceramic multilayer actuators are also known which meet the requirements for use in automotive applications in fuel injection. However, neither the exact formulations of the underlying piezoceramic materials nor the physical mechanisms are known in detail. In addition, all concepts in series are based on the use of Pd-containing internal electrodes, usually Ag-Pd mixtures in the ratio 70/30.
- Low-sintering PZT compositions are already known, for example ternary systems based on Zr, Nb and Ti (PZ-PN-PT). These compositions often have a high excess of PbO as a sintering aid, which has the disadvantage that they are in the Application as piezo multilayer actuators with internal electrodes, for example Ag, AgPd or copper massively interact. A high PbO excess is generally detrimental because of the tendency of low-melting metal (Ag, Pd, Cu) -Pb alloys to form. In extreme skin, the internal electrodes leak or melt.
- the method according to the invention has the advantage that the production of a PZT-based piezoceramic with high elongation compared to conventional ceramics of this type is possible.
- multilayer components with pure Ag internal electrodes with a low melting point can be constructed with the ceramics produced according to the invention.
- multilayer components with standard internal electrodes based on AgPd alloys, Cu or the like can also be sintered or produced faster and at lower cost.
- the figure shows the material properties of an inventive SKN-doped composition as a function of the Fe content at a constant Ag content of 0.4 mol%.
- PZT ceramics are made from the starting components ZrO 2 , PbO, TiO 2 under defined addition of dopants for precise adjustment of the material properties produced according to the known mixed oxide or precursor method. These methods are prior art and therefore will not be described in more detail.
- specimens in the form of slices are pressed from the desired material composition after their production, these are sintered and then characterized electromechanically.
- This is an advance assessment and reduces the expense of costly and time consuming testing of the material in the form of e.g. Multilayer actuators.
- certain effects e.g. Diffusion processes of the electrodes of the actuator in the individual ceramic layers simulated by a targeted addition of the corresponding elements in the ceramic material.
- the ceramic is subjected to a specific amount of Ag between 0.2 and 0.6 mol% before being pressed. in particular 0.4 mol% added.
- the multilayer components to be produced are provided with durable external flexible electrodes which are known from the prior art and which can withstand the corresponding cyclic load in real use, for example in the motor vehicle.
- a basic PZT composition is prepared in which the amount of the starting components PbO, ZrO 2 and TiO 2 is chosen so as to achieve a Zr / Ti ratio of 53/47, thus realizing a composition at the morphotropic phase boundary.
- This ratio has proven to be particularly advantageous for a particular actuator specification.
- the Zr / Ti ratio must be varied between 52/48 to 54/46 depending on the requirements, for example with regard to the hardness or the temperature-dependent material behavior.
- the weighing quantities of the three basic substances PbO, ZrO 2 and TiO 2 must be adjusted accordingly.
- Nb, K and Sr is preferably in the form of an addition of Nb 2 O 5 , KNb ⁇ 3 , and SrCO 3 and causes a doping of the system, which is why this material is also referred to as SKN material.
- the amount of Nb 2 O 5 added is between 0-1.0% by weight, between 0-0.55% by weight for KNTbO 3 and between 0-1.35% by weight for SrCO 3 .
- the following addition levels have proved to be particularly advantageous: Nb 2 O 5 : 0.41% by weight, KNbO 3 : 0.28% by weight, SrCO 3 : 0.91% by weight. These addition levels correspond to a doping of 1.5 mol% Nb, 0.5 mol% K and 2 mol% Sr.
- K is added in the form of K 2 CO 3 .
- Sr 2+ causes an isovalent substitution of the A sites, K + acts as an acceptor on the A site and thus hardens, Nb 5+ on the B site acts as a donor and thus as a plasticizer.
- iron is weighed in the form of Fe 2 O 3 .
- Fe compounds for example FeCO 3 , FeCl 3 , NH 4 Fe (III) citrate or even pure iron.
- the addition of Fe 2 O 3 is preferably carried out after the calcination of the SKN-doped PZT, ie after the chemical conversion of the starting components to the SKN-doped PZT mixed crystal has been completed. Conceivable, however, is the addition of the Fe compound during the preparation of the starting components prior to the actual synthesis of the material. However, a reduction of the effort is not achieved because the calcine must be finely ground anyway after calcination.
- the ceramic material has a PbO excess between 1.0 and 2.5 mol%, preferably 1.75 mol% proved to be advantageous. Partial evaporation of volatile PbO during the sintering process gives the desired stoichiometric PZT composition.
- the Fe compound to be added has the highest possible degree of fineness, preferably a d90 value of ⁇ 5 ⁇ m.
- the diffusion into the material depends on the sintering temperature, the hold time and the electrode composition. As has been shown in the investigations on the preliminary evaluation of the compacts, a diffusion of Ag in the order of 0.4 mol% is to be expected.
- Ag acts as a dopant and can be incorporated as an acceptor on A-sites and thus have a hardening effect.
- the nature of the interaction Fe, Ag and PZT with a PbO excess and the dopants Sr, K and Nb is not known in detail.
- pressing samples are produced from the ceramic material for preliminary evaluation and characterized electromechanically.
- the ceramic material for example multilayer actuators with internal intermediate electrodes, the have no silver, a certain amount of Ag in the ceramic powder in a range of 0.1 to 0.7 mol%, preferably 0.4 mol%, weighed with.
- the weighing-in procedure is carried out with respect to the time of weighing in analogous to the weight of the iron, ie after calcining or during the treatment.
- the effect of lowering the sintering temperature of this particular material composition is achieved by the addition of a defined amount of Li. It sets a significant lowering of the sintering temperature by about 100 0 C, which allows the advantageous use of low-cost Ag internal electrodes.
- Crucial here is the small amount of Li addition, which is advantageously in a range of 0.01 to 0.1 wt.% Based on the weight of the PZT ceramic.
- the way of adding is crucial. It has been found that it is particularly advantageous to carry out the addition of the Li compound after calcination of the starting components together with the addition of Fe 2 O 3 in order to achieve the effect according to the invention. If the addition occurs, for example, before Calcining may improve the properties, but not the effect of lowering the sintering temperature. This could be explained by the fact that the relatively volatile Li compounds evaporate unchecked during the calcination and are thus no longer available in sufficient quantity to form a low-melting liquid phase.
- the added Li compound - in conjunction with the excess PbO present - causes the formation of a low-melting liquid phase.
- the stage of early compaction of the ceramic and thus the entire sintering process is shifted towards lower temperatures.
- the measured there d 3 3 values are on addition of 1 wt.% In the form of Li 2 CO 3 at a relatively low 286 pC / N for a relatively high sintering temperature of 950 0 C and 352 pC / N at an even higher Sintering temperature of 1050 0 C.
- Li salts in the form of Li 2 CO 3 or LiNO 3 is particularly advantageous.
- sintering aids are other elements from the group of Alkaline earth metals, for example Na or Ka, which are also added as carbonates or nitrates.
- the addition of said elements follows in principle the procedure described so far.
- the elements Ca and Na are ideally added in carbonate form, the contents of Na and Ca being between 0-300 ppm.
- a content of 100 ppm and for Ca a content of 80 ppm has proven to be particularly advantageous.
- the iron is added in the form already described, the content being between 50 and 250 ppm, preferably 100 ppm.
- the additive Al should be added in the form of AI2O 3, wherein in this case special attention should be placed on the powder properties.
- the surface area of the powder should be 8-16 m 2 / g, preferably 12 m 2 / g, the d 50 value between 0.3-0.5 ⁇ m, ideally 0.4 ⁇ m.
- the effect of the property improvement is likewise based on the fact that the presence of the compounds mentioned promotes the grain growth of the PZT and thus improves the expansion behavior of the ceramic.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102004031307.5 | 2004-06-29 | ||
DE102004031307A DE102004031307A1 (de) | 2004-06-29 | 2004-06-29 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von PZT-basierten Hochleistungs-Piezokeramiken |
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WO2006000491A1 true WO2006000491A1 (de) | 2006-01-05 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/EP2005/051915 WO2006000491A1 (de) | 2004-06-29 | 2005-04-28 | Verfahren zur herstellung von pzt-basierten hochleistungs-piezokeramiken |
Country Status (2)
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DE (1) | DE102004031307A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2006000491A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2011091939A3 (de) * | 2010-01-27 | 2011-10-13 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren und giessschlicker zur herstellung von piezokeramik |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP5103859B2 (ja) * | 2006-10-13 | 2012-12-19 | 株式会社デンソー | 積層圧電セラミックス素子及びその製造方法 |
DE102006057691A1 (de) | 2006-12-07 | 2008-06-12 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Niedrig sinterndes, piezoelektrisches Material auf Blei-Zirkonat-Titanat-Mischkristall-Basis, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung sowie ein dieses Material umfassendes piezoelektrisches Bauelement |
EP2207758B1 (de) | 2007-10-18 | 2017-08-30 | CeramTec GmbH | Piezokeramisches vielschichtelement |
US7915794B2 (en) * | 2007-11-15 | 2011-03-29 | Sony Corporation | Piezoelectric device having a tension stress, and angular velocity sensor |
Citations (7)
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DE19824916C1 (de) * | 1998-06-04 | 1999-09-30 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Einspritzventil |
US6221271B1 (en) * | 1998-03-23 | 2001-04-24 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | Piezoelectric sintered ceramics and piezoelectric ceramic elements constituted thereby |
US20010054859A1 (en) * | 2000-02-12 | 2001-12-27 | Marianne Hammer | Piezoelectric ceramic body having silver-containing internal electrodes |
WO2002055450A1 (de) * | 2001-01-12 | 2002-07-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Piezoelektrisches keramisches material, verfahren zu dessen herstellung und elektrokeramisches mehrlagenbauteil |
EP1367036A2 (de) * | 2002-05-30 | 2003-12-03 | TDK Corporation | Herstellungsverfahren für piezoelektrische Keramik und piezoelektrisches Bauelement |
WO2003101946A2 (de) * | 2002-05-29 | 2003-12-11 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Piezokeramische zusammensetzung, piezokeramischer körper mit der zusammensetzung und verfahren zum herstellen der zusammensetzung und des körpers |
WO2004110953A1 (de) * | 2003-06-10 | 2004-12-23 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zur herstellung von pzt-basierten keramiken mit niedriger sintertemperatur |
-
2004
- 2004-06-29 DE DE102004031307A patent/DE102004031307A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2005
- 2005-04-28 WO PCT/EP2005/051915 patent/WO2006000491A1/de active Application Filing
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US6221271B1 (en) * | 1998-03-23 | 2001-04-24 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | Piezoelectric sintered ceramics and piezoelectric ceramic elements constituted thereby |
DE19824916C1 (de) * | 1998-06-04 | 1999-09-30 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Einspritzventil |
US20010054859A1 (en) * | 2000-02-12 | 2001-12-27 | Marianne Hammer | Piezoelectric ceramic body having silver-containing internal electrodes |
WO2002055450A1 (de) * | 2001-01-12 | 2002-07-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Piezoelektrisches keramisches material, verfahren zu dessen herstellung und elektrokeramisches mehrlagenbauteil |
WO2003101946A2 (de) * | 2002-05-29 | 2003-12-11 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Piezokeramische zusammensetzung, piezokeramischer körper mit der zusammensetzung und verfahren zum herstellen der zusammensetzung und des körpers |
EP1367036A2 (de) * | 2002-05-30 | 2003-12-03 | TDK Corporation | Herstellungsverfahren für piezoelektrische Keramik und piezoelektrisches Bauelement |
WO2004110953A1 (de) * | 2003-06-10 | 2004-12-23 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zur herstellung von pzt-basierten keramiken mit niedriger sintertemperatur |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2011091939A3 (de) * | 2010-01-27 | 2011-10-13 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren und giessschlicker zur herstellung von piezokeramik |
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