WO2005123631A1 - ガス発生装置用の着火剤 - Google Patents
ガス発生装置用の着火剤 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005123631A1 WO2005123631A1 PCT/JP2005/011125 JP2005011125W WO2005123631A1 WO 2005123631 A1 WO2005123631 A1 WO 2005123631A1 JP 2005011125 W JP2005011125 W JP 2005011125W WO 2005123631 A1 WO2005123631 A1 WO 2005123631A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- agent
- gas generating
- igniting
- azide
- generating agent
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
- C06D5/00—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets
- C06D5/06—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets by reaction of two or more solids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
- C06C9/00—Chemical contact igniters; Chemical lighters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
- B60R21/02—Occupant safety arrangements or fittings, e.g. crash pads
- B60R21/16—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags
- B60R21/26—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow
- B60R21/264—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow using instantaneous generation of gas, e.g. pyrotechnic
- B60R21/2644—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow using instantaneous generation of gas, e.g. pyrotechnic using only solid reacting substances, e.g. pellets, powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R22/00—Safety belts or body harnesses in vehicles
- B60R22/34—Belt retractors, e.g. reels
- B60R22/46—Reels with means to tension the belt in an emergency by forced winding up
- B60R22/4628—Reels with means to tension the belt in an emergency by forced winding up characterised by fluid actuators, e.g. pyrotechnic gas generators
- B60R22/4633—Linear actuators, e.g. comprising a piston moving along reel axis and rotating along its own axis
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an igniting agent used for a vehicle occupant protection device, and more particularly to an igniting agent for accelerating ignition of a non-azide gas generating agent.
- an occupant protection device is mounted on a vehicle to protect the occupant from a shock at the time of a collision.
- the occupant protection device are an airbag device and a seatbelt pretensioner.
- the airbag device When a vehicle collides at a high speed, the airbag device rapidly inflates the bag with the combustion gas of a gas generating agent, and the occupant strongly hits a hard part inside the vehicle such as a steering wheel or a front windshield. Prevent that.
- the seatbelt pretensioner instantly pulls in the seatbelt with the combustion gas of the gas generating agent as a driving source when a vehicle collides at a high speed, and prevents the occupant from being thrown forward.
- the performance required of a gas generating agent for an occupant protection device is a gasification rate of 70% or more and a burning rate of 8.0 mmZ seconds or more (under a nitrogen gas atmosphere pressurized to 7 MPa).
- the high gasification rate contributes to a reduction in the amount of gas generating agent to be charged into the gas generator and a reduction in the size and weight of the occupant protection device.
- a more preferred gasification rate is 75% or more.
- a non-azide-based gas generating agent containing no sodium azide As a gas generating agent used in an airbag device or a seatbelt pretensioner, a non-azide-based gas generating agent containing no sodium azide has been developed.
- the main component of the conventional non-azide gas generant is -trocellulose. Nitrocellulose is preferred in terms of improving the gasification rate. However, nitrocellulose has two disadvantages: a large amount of carbon monoxide is generated when it is burned. It is disadvantageous and it easily degrades at high temperatures!
- a conventional non-azide gas generating agent for an occupant protection device contains an oxidizing agent. Its oxidant examples are chlorates, perchlorates, nitrates and nitrites of ammonium, alkali and alkaline earth metals, which can achieve high gasification rates.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a non-azide gas generating agent containing ammonium perchlorate as an oxidizing agent and starch as a fuel.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a non-azide gas generating agent containing ammonium nitrate as an oxidizing agent and polyacrylamide as a fuel.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a non-azide gas generating agent containing ammonium nitrate as an oxidizing agent and 5-aminotetrazole as a fuel. These non-azide gas generating agents meet the requirements for high gasification rate, high heat resistance, and combustion gas.
- Patent Document 1 JP 2001-2488 A
- Patent Document 2 JP 2000-103691A
- Patent Document 3 JP-A-10-130086
- An object of the present invention is to provide an igniting agent used in a gas generator together with a non-azide gas generating agent having a high gasification rate, which ignites the non-azide gas generating agent quickly. Is to do.
- One embodiment of the present invention provides an igniting agent for use in a gas generating device of a vehicle occupant protection device together with a non-azide gas generating agent to ignite the non-azide gas generating agent.
- the non-azide-based gas generating agent burns at a first burning rate, and the igniting agent contains fuel and an oxidizing agent, and is higher than the first burning rate of the non-azide-based gas generating agent. It is also configured to burn at a speed V, the second combustion speed.
- Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for using an igniting agent for igniting a non-azide gas generating agent.
- the non-azide gas generating agent burns at a first burning rate, and
- the explosive contains a fuel and an oxidant, and burns at a second combustion speed higher than the first combustion speed.
- the method includes the steps of: A step of loading an azide-based gas generating agent and the igniting agent.
- a further aspect of the present invention provides a gas generator of a vehicle occupant protection device.
- the gas generator includes a combustion chamber, an igniter for supplying thermal energy to the combustion chamber, a non-azide gas generator contained in the combustion chamber, and a non-azide gas generator contained in the combustion chamber.
- the non-azide-based gas generating agent burns at a first burning rate, and the igniting agent contains fuel and an oxidizing agent, and is higher than the first burning rate of the non-azide-based gas generating agent. It also burns at a faster second combustion rate.
- FIG. 1] (a) to (g) are perspective views of an ignition agent according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of a gas generator.
- FIG. 3 (a) is a partially cutaway front view of the seatbelt pretensioner, and (b) is a partially cutaway side view of the seatbelt pretensioner.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a gas generator.
- FIG. 6 is a combustion profile of Comparative Example 2.
- FIG. 7 is a combustion profile of Example 15.
- the ignition agent according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described.
- the first embodiment solves the problem relating to low ignitability and flammability of a non-azide gas generating agent by adjusting the size of the igniting agent.
- FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b) show a seatbelt pretensioner 110 arranged beside a seat in an automobile cabin.
- the seatbelt pretensioner 10 includes a gas generator 12 mounted on an upper surface of a main body 11.
- the gas generator 12 is connected to an L-shaped cylinder 13.
- the piston 17 is housed in a cylinder 13 and rises along the cylinder 13 when the gas generator 12 generates gas.
- the piston 17 is fixed to the middle of the piston rod 16 Yes.
- the rise of the piston 17 is regulated by a stopper 18 fixed in the cylinder 13.
- the cap 19 covers the upper end of the cylinder 13.
- the rotating drum 14 is rotatably supported by the main body 11.
- One end of the seat belt 15 is wound around the rotating drum 14.
- the lower end of the piston rod 16 is connected to the rotating drum 14.
- the gas generator 12 will be described with reference to FIG.
- the gas generator 12 includes a main body 20, a cylindrical container 21 attached to the main body 20 to define a combustion chamber 24, an electric igniter 22 supported by the main body 20 and supplying ignition energy to the combustion chamber 24, And a lead wire 23 electrically connected to the electric igniter 22.
- a non-azide gas generating agent 25 and an igniting agent 26 smaller than the gas generating agent 25 are charged in the combustion chamber 24.
- a plurality of radially extending grooves 27 are formed on one surface of the container 21.
- a cylindrical gas generant 25 and igniter 26 are shown in FIG.
- the electric igniter 22 When the electric igniter 22 is energized and operated, the electric igniter 22 generates heat energy. With this heat energy, the igniting agent 26 and the gas generating agent 25 ignite in the combustion chamber 24 and burn to generate gas. Due to the pressure of this gas, the container 21 is broken at the relatively weak groove 27 to form a gas discharge hole. The gas is discharged from the container 21 into the cylinder 13 through the gas discharge holes. The gas moves the piston 17 and rotates the rotating drum 14. As a result, the seat belt 15 is retracted.
- FIG. 5 shows an airbag device including the airbag 45 and the gas generator 30.
- the gas generator 30 includes a cylindrical housing.
- the housing defines an ignition chamber 28 containing an ignition section 31 and a donut-shaped combustion chamber 32 containing a non-azide gas generating agent 38.
- the igniting agent 39 is stored in the combustion chamber 32. Some or all of the igniting agent 39 may be contained in the ignition chamber 28.
- the igniter 39 is smaller than the gas generant 38. Cylindrical gas generant 38 and igniter 39 are shown in FIG.
- a partition 36 is provided between the combustion chamber 32 and the ignition chamber 28.
- the partition 36 has a plurality of ventilation holes 37.
- the igniter 31 includes an electric igniter 34 and a pyrotechnic charge 35 disposed above the electric igniter 34.
- the electric igniter 34 When the electric igniter 34 is energized and operates, the electric igniter 34 ignites the igniter 35.
- the flame (thermal energy) of the igniter 35 passes through the vent hole 37 of the bulkhead 36 and passes through the combustion chamber 32 To reach.
- the gas generating agent 38 and the igniting agent 39 are ignited in the combustion chamber 32 and burn to generate gas.
- the gas generator 30 includes a filter 42 disposed along the peripheral wall 43 in the combustion chamber 32.
- the filter 42 has a function of cooling the combustion gas and a function of filtering and collecting the combustion residue (solid).
- a plurality of gas discharge holes 44 are formed in a peripheral wall 43 of the combustion chamber 32. The gas cooled by the filter 42 is supplied to the airbag 45 through the gas discharge hole 44, and inflates the airbag 45.
- the non-azide gas generating agents 25 and 38 generate combustion gas.
- the pressure of the gas is used as a driving force for expansion of the airbag 45 and movement of the piston 17 (fastening of the seat belt).
- Non-azide gas generators 25 and 38 are loaded in large amounts into the gas generators 12 and 30, and non-azide gas generators include harmful substances such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and hydrogen chloride. It is required to generate a combustion gas substantially free of components. Harmful components can adversely affect occupants in the cabin.
- the composition of the non-azide gas generants 25 and 38 is determined so as not to generate gas containing harmful components and to have a high gasification rate.
- the required burning rate of the non-azide gas generants 25, 38 is determined. Therefore, the non-azide gas generants 25, 38 satisfying the combustion gas requirements, gasification rate requirements, and combustion rate requirements are loaded into the gas generators 12, 30.
- the igniting agents 26 and 39 ignite and burn faster than the non-azide gas generating agents 25 and 38, and the ignitability and flammability deteriorate. It has a function to ignite. Ignition agents 26 and 39 are sometimes called ignition and combustion accelerators or ignition and combustion aids. The ignitability and flammability of igniters 26 and 39 must be superior to those of non-azide gas generants. Since the igniting agents 26 and 39 are used in smaller amounts than non-azide gas generating agents, there is no need to consider the gasification rate and combustion gas components.
- the combustion speed can be represented by the elapsed time (attainment time) up to the time when the gas pressure in the combustion chambers 24, 32 reaches the maximum value when the energization to the igniters 22, 34 is started.
- the burning speed of the igniting agents 26, 39 is adjusted so as to be shorter than the burning speed of the non-azide gas generating agents 25, 38.
- the burning speed of non-azide gas generating agent 25, 38 Ignition agents 26, 39 having a burning rate faster than the temperature are used.
- a non-azide gas generating agent having a high gasification rate is difficult to ignite (low ignitability), but when used in combination with igniting agents 26 and 39 having excellent ignitability and combustibility, non-azide gas generating agents can be obtained.
- Agent ignites quickly. Specifically, the igniters 26 and 39 are instantaneously ignited by the thermal energy generated by the igniter.
- the non-azide gas generating agent ignites and burns instantaneously with the flame generated by the combustion of the igniting agent.
- the combined use of the igniting agent compensates for the low ignitability and flammability of the non-azide gas generating agent, and improves the ignitability and flammability of the entire chemical loaded in the gas generator.
- the igniting agents 26 and 39 are preferably formed bodies having a predetermined shape, but may be granules, powders, or distorted irregular shapes having irregular surfaces.
- the igniting agents 26 and 39 are used for the occupant protection device, and must be able to be stored in the gas generating device in which the gas generating agents 25 and 38 are loaded. Therefore, the shape of the igniting agents 26 and 39 is limited by the size of the gas generating device to be charged. For example, when used for the seat belt pretensioner 10, the maximum outer diameter of the ignition agents 26 and 39 is determined to be 8 mm or less. The preferred maximum length is 15 mm or less.
- the burning rate of the igniting agents 26, 39 or the gas generating agent is measured by a closed bomb burning test.
- the igniting agent or the gas generating agent was loaded into the closed container at a loading density of 0.059 gZml, and from when power was applied to the igniters 22, 34 until the gas pressure in the combustion container reached the maximum value. Is defined by the elapsed time (arrival time). A specific example of the measurement of the burning rate will be described later.
- the arrival time of the igniting agent is 5 to 20 milliseconds, and the preferred time V of the non-azide gas generating agent is 25 to: LOO milliseconds.
- the arrival time is more preferably 10 to 15 milliseconds for the igniting agent, and the arrival time is 30 to 65 milliseconds for the non-azide gas generating agent.
- the arrival time of the igniting agents 26 and 39 is less than 5 milliseconds, the gas generation speed becomes too fast, and the igniting agents 26 and 39 are instantaneously burned out and the non-azide-based gas generating agent may not be ignited. If the arrival time of the igniting agents 26 and 39 exceeds 20 milliseconds, the gas generation speed becomes too slow, and it is difficult to obtain the effect of quickly igniting the gas generating agents 25 and 38. If the arrival time of the non-azide gas generant is less than 25 ms, the gas generation rate tends to be too fast. In the direction. On the other hand, when the arrival time of the non-azide gas generating agent exceeds 100 milliseconds, the gas generation speed becomes too slow, and it is difficult to apply the gas generating devices 12 and 30.
- the shapes of the ignition agents 26 and 39 will be described. Combustion of igniters 26, 39 and non-azide gas generants begins at their surface and proceeds in multiple directions. In this specification, the plurality of directions are referred to as combustion directions.
- the igniter has a plurality of dimensions along a plurality of combustion directions. In this specification, the minimum value of the plurality of dimensions is referred to as a minimum dimension L.
- Preferred ignition agents 26 and 39 are granules having a minimum dimension L of about 0.1 to 3 mm or powder having a minimum dimension L of about 0.01 to 1 mm.
- the minimum dimension L of the igniting agent is determined to be smaller than the minimum dimension L of the non-azide gas generant.
- the igniting agents 26 and 39 having such a dimensional relationship can quickly ignite the non-azide gas generating agent and compensate for the low ignitability and flammability of the non-azide gas generating agent.
- the minimum dimension L of the igniting agents 26 and 39 is 0.01 to 3 mm
- the minimum dimension L of the non-azide gas generating agent is in the range of 0.3 to 4 mm
- the minimum dimension L of the igniting agents 26 and 39 Is preferably smaller than the minimum dimension L of the non-azide gas generant.
- the shapes of the igniting agents 26 and 39 are not particularly limited as long as the above conditions are satisfied, and any shapes can be used as long as they can exhibit excellent ignitability.
- Examples of shaped bodies of the igniting agents 26 and 39 are a solid body having an axis and a hollow body having a hole extending along the axis. Specific examples include a cylinder 70 as shown in FIG. 1 (a), a cylinder 72 having a through hole 71 extending along an axis as shown in FIG. 1 (b), or a cylinder 72 as shown in FIG. 1 (c).
- FIG. 1 (d) A hexagonal column 75, a disk (short cylinder) 76 as shown in FIG. 1 (f), and a ring (short cylinder) 77 having a through hole 71 as shown in FIG. 1 (g).
- the upper and lower forces are also downward and upward along the axis, respectively, radially inward from the outer peripheral surface toward the axis (center), and outward from the inner peripheral surface of each hole.
- the igniting agents 26 and 39 shown in FIGS. 1 (c) to 1 (e) have a through hole 71 arranged at the center and six outside through holes 71.
- the six outer through holes 71 are arranged at equal angular intervals around the center through hole 71.
- Three through holes 71 adjacent to each other form a regular triangle. That is, the distance (thickness of the wall) between three adjacent through holes 71 is equal to each other.
- the minimum size L of the igniting agents 26 and 39 is 0.01 to 3 mm, and the shapes and dimensions of the igniting agents 26 and 39 are as uniform as possible. If the minimum dimension L is less than O.Olmm or the minimum dimension L exceeds 3 mm, there is a possibility that the arrival time may fall outside the range of 5 to 20 milliseconds.
- the minimum dimension L is the diameter of the cylinder.
- the minimum dimension L is the distance between the outer peripheral surface and the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder 72, that is, the thickness of the peripheral wall.
- the minimum dimension L is the length along the axis, that is, the thickness of the disk 76.
- the minimum dimension L is the distance between the outer peripheral surface and the inner peripheral surface, that is, the thickness of the peripheral wall. Since combustion proceeds in multiple directions P, the minimum dimension L is the minimum value among the dimensions along the multiple combustion directions P.
- the above-mentioned arrival times of the igniting agents 26 and 39 can be achieved.
- the force whose length (height) along the axis is the maximum dimension is the maximum dimension. Contribution is small.
- the outer diameter is preferably 0.1 to 2 mm, and the length along the axis is preferably 0.1 to 3 mm.
- a more preferable outer diameter is 0.1 to 1 mm, and a more preferable length is 0.5 to 2 mm.
- a particularly preferred outer diameter is 0.2 to 0.8 mm, and a particularly preferred length is l to 2 mm. If the outer diameter or the length is less than O.lmm, it tends to be difficult to form the igniting agents 26 and 39. If the outer diameter exceeds 2 mm or the length exceeds 3 mm, it may not be possible to load the required amount of igniter 26, 39 into the gas generator.
- the outer diameter is 0.
- the diameter is 3 to 3 mm
- the hole diameter is 0.1 to: Lmm
- the length is 0.1 to 3 mm
- the wall thickness is 0.1 to 1.5 mm. If it is necessary to ignite a non-azide gas generant more quickly, the outer diameter should be 0.3 to 2 mm, the hole diameter should be 0.1 to 0.8 mm, the length should be 0.5 to 2 mm, and the thickness should be 0.1 to: Lmm. More preferably, there is.
- the outer diameter is 0.5 to 1.6 mm
- the hole diameter is 0.1 to 0.5 mm
- the length is 1 to 2 mm
- the thickness is It is particularly preferred that it is 0.2 to 0.8 mm.
- the above hole diameter is the inner diameter of each hole.
- the thickness or length is less than 0.1 mm, molding tends to be difficult. If the outer diameter exceeds 3 mm or the length exceeds 3 mm, the gas generator may not be able to be loaded with the required amount of igniting agents 26 and 39. When the thickness exceeds 1.5 mm, the burning time of the igniting agents 26 and 39 becomes longer, and the ignition of the gas generating agent may be delayed.
- the minimum dimension L is preferably 0.01 to Lmm.
- the minimum dimension L is more preferably 0.01 to 0.5 mm. Considering the mechanical properties of the igniting agents 26 and 39 and the loadability into the gas generator, the minimum dimension L is particularly preferably 0.02 to 0.1 mm.
- the shape of the non-azide gas generating agent used in combination with the igniting agents 26 and 39 will be described.
- the shape of the non-azide gas generating agent is not particularly limited, but is generally granular or powdery, and may be a shape used for the igniting agents 26 and 39. Specifically, a solid body having an axis (a column, a disk) and a hollow body having a hole extending along the axis (a cylinder, a column having a hole, a ring).
- the shape of the non-azide gas generating agent is appropriately determined in consideration of the burning rate requirement required for the gas generating agent and the ease of loading the gas generating device.
- the outer diameter is preferably 0.3 to 3 mm, and the length is preferably 0.3 to 4 mm.
- the outer diameter is preferably 0.5 to 2.5 mm and the length is more preferably 0.8 to 3 mm. It is particularly preferred that the length is 2 mm and the length is 1.3 to 2.5 mm. If the outer diameter or length is less than 0.3 mm, the required amount may not be able to be loaded into the gas generator, and the productivity tends to deteriorate. If the outer diameter of the non-azide gas generant exceeds 3 mm or the length exceeds 4 mm, the bulk density will be low and the gas generator may not be able to be loaded with the required amount of non-azide gas generant. .
- the non-azide gas generating agent is a hollow body having a hole along the axis, the outer diameter is 0.5 to 3.
- the diameter is 5 mm
- the hole diameter is 0.1 to 1.5 mm
- the length is 0.5 to 3.5 mm
- the wall thickness is 0.2 to 2 mm.
- the outer diameter is 1 to 2.5 mm
- the hole diameter is 0.1 to 1.3 mm
- the length is 1 to 3 mm
- the wall thickness is 0.3 to 1.5 mm.
- the outer diameter is more preferably 1.3 to 2 mm
- the pore diameter is 0.1 to: Lmm
- the length is 1.5 to 2.5 mm
- the thickness is 0.5 to 1.3 mm.
- the thickness is less than 0.2 mm, the necessary amount may not be able to be loaded into the gas generator.
- the combustion time may be shortened, and the performance as a non-azide gas generating agent may not be sufficiently exhibited.
- the thickness exceeds 2 mm, the burning time will be prolonged, and the performance as a non-azide gas generating agent may not be fully exhibited.
- the outer diameter or the length exceeds 3.5 mm, the bulk density becomes low and the gas generator may not be able to be loaded with the required amount of non-azide gas generant.
- the granular igniters 26 and 39 When forming the granular igniters 26 and 39 by the extrusion molding method, measure the oxidizing agent, polymer binder, and fuel. Measure additives such as plasticizers, aging stabilizers and slag forming agents as necessary. The measured components and water or an organic solvent are kneaded with a kneader to prepare a uniform mass.
- organic solvent used in the extrusion molding method all known organic solvents that dissolve or swell the polymer binder can be used.
- organic solvents such as acetone, ethyl alcohol, and ethyl acetate can be used. These mixed solutions can also be used.
- acetone-ethyl alcohol 80-20-40-40 by mass ratio Is particularly preferred.
- the uniformly mixed mass is charged into an extruder, applied with a predetermined pressure, extruded while passing through a hole of a die, formed into a predetermined shape, and then cut into a predetermined length, dried and formed. I do.
- the oxidizing agent and the fuel are measured. If necessary, additives such as a plasticizer, a temporal stabilizer and a slag forming agent are weighed. The measured components and water or an organic solvent are kneaded with a kneader to prepare a uniform mass.
- organic solvent used in the granulation molding method all known organic solvents that improve the mixing property and processability of the raw material components can be used. Examples are acetone and ethyl alcohol.
- a mixed solution of water and these organic solvents can also be used.
- Use of water alone is not preferred because it takes a long time to dry the granules. However, water may be used alone.
- the uniformly mixed mass is charged into a granulator, and is pressed under a predetermined pressure, extruded while passing through holes of a punching metal, formed into a predetermined shape, and then dried and molded.
- the particulate ignition agents 26 and 39 contain a large amount of an organic solvent such as acetone, ethyl alcohol, and ethyl acetate, the combustion performance is deteriorated. Therefore, it is preferable to remove the organic solvent as much as possible.
- the organic solvent content at the end of drying is usually 0.5% by mass and the moisture content is preferably 1.0% by mass or less. Considering handling after molding, the organic solvent component is 0.3% by mass or less and the moisture content is 0.5% by mass or less. Is more preferred.
- the organic solvent content at the end of the drying be 0.1% by mass or less and the water content be 0.2% by mass or less. If the organic solvent content exceeds 0.5% by mass or the water content exceeds 1.0% by mass, the gas generation speed and mechanical properties of the ignition agents 26 and 39 tend to decrease.
- the mixing ratio of the igniting agents 26 and 39 and the non-azide gas generating agent will be described.
- the non-azide gas generating agent is preferably 60 to 98% by mass and the igniting agents 26 and 39 are preferably 2 to 40% by mass.
- the seatbelt pretensioner 10 requires a faster gas generation speed than that for an airbag device and a combustion profile in which combustion up to the maximum pressure for starting current to the igniter proceeds linearly. . Therefore, when the non-azide gas generating agent is used for the seat belt pretensioner 110, the non-azide gas generating agent is 60 to 95% by mass and the igniting agent 26, 39 Is more preferably 5 to 40% by mass. In consideration of the gasification rate and the loadability in the gas generator, it is particularly preferable that the non-azide gas generating agent is 80 to 95% by mass and the igniting agents 26 and 39 are 5 to 20.
- the non-azide gas generating agent is 60 to 85% by mass and the igniting agents 26 and 39 are 15 to 40% by mass. It is particularly preferred that the gas generating agent is 70 to 85% by mass and the igniters 26 and 39 are 15 to 30% by mass.
- the ratio of the igniting agents 26 and 39 is less than 2% by mass, the ignitability cannot be sufficiently exhibited, and it becomes difficult to rapidly ignite the non-azide gas generating agent.
- the ratio of the igniting agents 26 and 39 exceeds 40% by mass, the gas generation rate tends to be too high to satisfy the required value, and the gasification rate tends to decrease.
- the shapes of the igniting agents 26 and 39 and the non-azide-based gas generating agent may be the same or different. Good.
- the raw materials of the igniting agents 26, 39 may be different from those of the non-azide gas generating agents, or the igniting agents 26, 39
- the burning speed of the igniting agents 26 and 39 is adjusted to be faster than the burning speed of the non-azide gas generating agent.
- the igniting agents 26 and 39 are loaded into the gas generator together with the non-azide gas generating agent.
- igniting agents 26 and 39 and non-azide gas generating agents may be mixed in one room, or ignited.
- the agents 26, 39 may be located near the igniter while the gas generating agents 25, 38 may be located away from the igniter.
- the most preferred non-azide gas generating agents to be used in combination with the igniting agents 26 and 39 are those containing an ammonium oxyacid oxidizing agent.
- Ignition agents 26, 39 contain oxidizer and fuel.
- the ignition agents 26, 39 may further contain additives such as plasticizers, aging stabilizers and slag formers.
- the oxidizing agent used for the igniting agents 26 and 39 is not particularly limited, and any of known oxidizing agents can be used.
- the closed bomb combustion test was carried out by the following method using a closed bomb combustion test apparatus.
- the bomb body 50 has a combustion chamber (cylinder) 51 having a volume of 70 ml.
- the combustion chamber 51 is loaded with a gas generating agent 25, 38 or an igniting agent 26, 39.
- the volume of the combustion chamber 51 is calculated by subtracting a part of the volume of the plug 52 from the volume force of a cylindrical body having a diameter of 35 mm and a depth of 75 mm.
- a plug 52 for loading or sealing the gas generating agents 25, 38 or the igniting agents 26, 39 into the combustion chamber 51 is mounted, and is detachable with a bolt 53.
- one end of the bomb body 50 is connected to an ignition device 56 via a lead wire 54, and a lead wire 55 is connected to the bomb body 50.
- a pair of electrodes 57 and 58 are attached to the inner end surface of the plug 52 in the combustion chamber 51. Electrode 57 is connected to lead wire 54, and electrode 58 is connected to bomb body 50. An ignition ball (with 0.5 g of boron nitrite) 59 is attached to both electrodes 57, 58 via connection wires. In response to the operation of the ignition device 56, the ignition ball 59 is ignited, and the gas generating agents 25, 38 or the igniting agents 26, 39 in the combustion chamber 51 ignite and burn.
- a degassing valve 60 is attached to a side surface of the bomb main body 50, and communicates with the combustion chamber 51 via a sampling pipe 61.
- the gas in the combustion chamber 51 can be sampled from the degassing valve 60. Evaluate combustion characteristics based on gas composition be able to.
- the pressure sensor 62 is connected to the combustion chamber 51 via a communication pipe 63.
- the pressure sensor 62 detects the pressure of the combustion chamber 51 and outputs a detection signal. By monitoring the detection signal, the operation time (arrival time) from the start of operation of the ignition device 56 to the point at which the pressure in the combustion chamber 51 reaches the maximum value is obtained.
- the gas generating agents 25 and 38 or the igniting agents 26 and 39 are charged into the combustion chamber 51 with the plug 52 removed. At this time, the loading amount was 0.059 gZml. Next, the plug 52 is closed, and the gas generating agents 25 and 38 or the igniting agents 26 and 39 in the combustion chamber 51 are ignited by the ignition device 56. Then, the relationship between the combustion time and the combustion pressure at the time of combustion was measured by an oscilloscope (not shown) via the pressure sensor 62, and the arrival time from the start of energization to the igniter to the maximum pressure was obtained.
- the time required to start energizing the igniter which is required for the gas generating agent for the airbag device, usually reaches 50 to 65 milliseconds, and the ignition required for the gas generating agent for the seatbelt pretensioner is required.
- the time required to reach the maximum pressure when the power is applied to the vessel is typically 15 to 30 milliseconds.
- the igniting agent 26 in the combustion chamber 24 is ignited by energizing the electric ignition device 22 based on a signal at the time of a vehicle collision or the like, and the non-azide gas generating agent is used. 25 is burned to produce a combustion gas containing nitrogen gas.
- the igniting agent 26 is ignited by the electric current to the electric igniter 22, and at the same time, the gas of the igniting agent is fired by the flame of the igniting agent.
- Generator 25 burns quickly. Since the igniting agent 26 is arranged in the combustion chamber 24 in a state of being mixed with the gas generating agent 25, the combustion of the gas generating agent 25 based on the ignition of the igniting agent 26 proceeds uniformly throughout the combustion chamber 24. .
- the combustion gas generated in the combustion chamber 24 breaks the portion where the groove 27 is formed and is jetted into the cylinder 13 to move the piston 17 together with the piston rod 16.
- the rotation of the rotating drum 14 is caused by the movement of the piston rod 16, and the seat belt 15 is retracted.
- the igniter 35 is ignited by energizing the electric igniter 34 based on a signal at the time of a vehicle collision or the like.
- the flame generated by the ignition is transmitted to the combustion chamber 32 through the ventilation hole 37, the igniting agent 39 in the combustion chamber 32 is ignited, and the non-azide gas generating agent 38 burns to generate combustion gas.
- the minimum dimension L of the igniting agent 39 is When the electric igniter 22 is energized, the igniting agent 39 is ignited from the smaller than the minimum dimension L of the gas generating agent 38, and the flame of the igniting agent rapidly burns the gas generating agent 38.
- the generated combustion gas is ejected from the gas discharge holes 44 through the filter 42, and inflates the airbag 45.
- the minimum dimension L of the igniting agents 26, 39 is smaller than the minimum dimension L of the non-azide gas generating agents 25, 38.
- the igniting agents 26 and 39 can ignite faster than the gas generating agents 25 and 38, and the gas generating agents 25 and 38 can be ignited quickly.
- Non-azide gas generating agents 25 and 38 burn. Therefore, it is possible to provide a gas generating device for an occupant protection device that satisfies the gasification rate requirement and the flammability requirement.
- the igniting agent according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be described.
- the problem relating to the low ignitability and low flammability of the non-azide gas generating agent is solved by the composition of the igniting agent.
- the igniting agents 26 and 39 contain an oxidizing agent and a fuel.
- the igniters 26, 39 may further contain additives such as plasticizers, aging stabilizers and slag formers.
- oxidizing agents used for igniters 26, 39 are nitrates, nitrites, and halides.
- the nitrates include ammonium salts such as ammonium nitrate, alkali metal salts such as sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate, and alkaline earth metal salts such as barium nitrate and strontium nitrate.
- the nitrites include, for example, alkali metal salts such as sodium nitrite and potassium nitrite, and alkaline earth metal salts such as barium nitrite.
- Oxonoperogenates include halogenates and perhalates.
- halogenates include alkali metal salts such as potassium chlorate and sodium chlorate, alkaline earth metal salts such as potassium chlorate and calcium chlorate, and ammonium chloride such as ammonium chlorate. Salt.
- alkali metal salts such as potassium chlorate and sodium chlorate
- alkaline earth metal salts such as barium perchlorate and calcium perchlorate
- ammonium perchlorate is included.
- the oxidizing agents for igniting agents 26 and 39 are potassium salts, specifically Are potassium nitrate, potassium nitrite, potassium chlorate and potassium perchlorate, and a particularly preferred oxidizing agent is potassium perchlorate.
- a preferred oxidizing agent in terms of flammability is ammonium salt. Specifically, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chlorate, and ammonium perchlorate are preferred oxidizing agents, and ammonium perchlorate is a particularly preferred oxidizing agent.
- ammonium perchlorate Since ammonium perchlorate generates hydrogen chloride during combustion, it is mixed with a chlorine scavenger such as sodium nitrate or potassium nitrate in at least one of an igniting agent and a non-azide gas generating agent. U, preferably to prevent the release of hydrogen.
- a chlorine scavenger such as sodium nitrate or potassium nitrate in at least one of an igniting agent and a non-azide gas generating agent.
- U preferably to prevent the release of hydrogen.
- the blending amount of the perchlorate and the chlorine scavenger in the combination of the igniting agent and the non-azide-based gas generating agent reduces the amount of hydrogen chloride generated in the generated gas
- 1.0 to 1.2 moles of chlorine scavenger is preferable to 1.0 mole of perchlorate.
- 1.0 to: L1 mole is more preferable.
- 1.0 to 1.05 mole is particularly preferable. If the amount of chlorine scavenger is less than 1.0 mol, perchlorate power, which also generates perchlorate power, cannot be completely captured and tends to be released into the interior of the car. Gas generation tends to decrease.
- the non-azide gas generating agent ignites as an oxidizing agent.
- Hydrogen chloride generated from agents 26 and 39 can also contain a chlorine scavenger in an amount sufficient to collect.
- the igniting agent and the non-azide gas generating agent contains the above amount of chlorine scavenger, generation of hydrogen chloride at the time of combustion, that is, at the time of operation of the vehicle occupant protection device can be prevented.
- the shape of the oxidizing agent is desirably a powder having mixing and flammability.
- the average particle size of the powder is preferably from 1 to 200 m. If it is less than 1 ⁇ m, manufacturing tends to be difficult. On the other hand, if the average particle size exceeds 200 / zm, the clogging of the production equipment will occur and the production efficiency will be reduced immediately, and the ignitability and burning rate of the igniting agent will be reduced.
- the preferred average particle size of the oxidizing agent is 1 to: LOO m, and the particularly preferred average particle size is 1 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the blending amount of the oxidizing agent is preferably 68 to 98% by mass, more preferably 78 to 96% by mass, and particularly preferably 82 to 95% by mass based on the total mass of the oxidizing agent and the fuel. Amount of oxidizing agent If the force is less than 68% by mass, the igniting agents 26 and 39 have poor ignitability and the burning speed tends to be low, so that they cannot function as an igniting agent. On the other hand, if the amount of the oxidizing agent exceeds 98% by mass, the mechanical properties of the igniting agents 26 and 39 tend to decrease.
- the fuel will be described.
- the fuel used for the igniters 26 and 39 is not particularly limited, and any known fuel can be used. Examples of fuels are polymeric binders, powdered microcrystalline carbon, and nitrogenous compounds.
- the polymer binder will be described.
- the polymer binder has both a function as a binder for shaping powdery constituents into granules and a function as a fuel.
- polymer binder examples include nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, carboxymethylcellulose and salts thereof, carboxymethylethylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, acetic acid Cellulose-based polymers such as butanol acid butanolose, methinoresenololose, etinoresenololose, cenorellose acetate nitrate and cellulose nitrate carboxymethyl ether; polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl ether, polyvinyl acetal, polyvinyl formal , Polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylcaprolatum, copolymers of polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyvinylcaprolatatam, carboxybutyl polymers, etc.
- Cellulose-based polymers such as butanol acid butanolose, methinoresenololose, etinoresen
- Polyester polymer such as polyester synthetic fiber, polyethylene terephthalate and unsaturated polyester resin; polyurethane polymer such as urethane resin; polyether such as polypropylene oxide, polyphenylene oxide and polyetherimide Polymers; poly (meth) acrylic acid derivatives, such as polyacrylamide, polyacrylic hydrazide, polyacrylic acid soda, polyatalylate, polymetharylate, and polymethylmetharylate; polyurethane urethane elastomer (trade name: Pandettas, Dai Thermoplastic elastomers such as Nippon Ink Co., Ltd.), polyester elastomers (trade name: Perprene, Toyobo Co., Ltd.), polystyrene elastomers (trade name: Clayton, Shell Japan Co., Ltd.); nylon 6, Nylon 66, nylon 610, nylon 612 Nylon 11, nylon 12, nylon 46, copolymer poly amide, methoxymethyl Lee spoon polyamides, polyamides such as
- At least one of these polymer binders is appropriately selected and used.
- cellulose binders such as cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate or ethyl cellulose, which have a high ability to shape oxidizing agents and fuel components in the form of fuel, are preferred.
- powdered microcrystalline carbon will be described.
- powdered microcrystalline carbon are activated carbon, charcoal, coatas, animal charcoal, bone charcoal, and bituminous coal.
- Powdered microcrystalline carbon is an aggregate of graphite-based microcrystals that lack structural integrity compared to graphite.
- the two-dimensional structure of powdered microcrystalline carbon is similar to that of graphite, and powdered microcrystalline carbon has a structure in which the net planes are parallel and stacked at equal intervals.
- the vertical orientation of the mesh plane (layer) is incomplete.
- the mesh plane (layer) is a stack of irregularly stacked or intersecting hexagonal carbon skeletons, a force with a connected spatial lattice, and a distorted graphite surface.
- Preferred powdered microcrystalline carbon is activated carbon and charcoal having high reactivity with an oxidizing agent.
- the powdered microcrystalline carbon is desirably a miscible and combustible powder.
- the average particle size is preferably from 0.1 to 200 ⁇ m. If it is less than 0.1 ⁇ m, it tends to be difficult to form granules. On the other hand, if the average particle size exceeds 200 m, the production equipment for igniting agents 26 and 39 will be clogged and production efficiency will be reduced. It also lowers the ignitability and burning rate of the igniter.
- the average particle size is more preferably 1 to 100 m, and particularly preferably 1 to 50 / ⁇ .
- the specific surface area of the powdered microcrystalline carbon is preferably from 5 to 1600 m 2 Zg. When the specific surface area of the powdered microcrystalline carbon is less than 5 m 2 Zg, the burning speed of the igniters 26 and 39 tends to decrease. On the other hand, when the specific surface area of the powdered microcrystalline carbon exceeds 1600 m 2 Zg, the productivity of the powdered microcrystalline carbon tends to deteriorate.
- the ignition agent 26, if 39 mechanical properties and flammability taken into account it is more preferable that the specific surface area is 10 ⁇ 1500m 2 Zg instrument 50 ⁇ 1300m Particularly preferred is 2 Zg.
- Nitrogen-containing compounds include nitramine conjugates, guanidine derivatives, tetrazole derivatives, bitetrazole derivatives, triazole derivatives, hydrazine derivatives, triazine derivatives, amino acid derivatives, and acid amide derivatives.
- nitrogen-containing compounds include trimethylenetri-troamine (RDX), tetramethylenetetranitroamine (HMX), pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), nitroguanidine (NQ), and triaminoguanidine nitrate (TAGN).
- RDX trimethylenetri-troamine
- HMX tetramethylenetetranitroamine
- PETN pentaerythritol tetranitrate
- NQ nitroguanidine
- TAGN triaminoguanidine nitrate
- the average particle diameter of the nitrogen-containing compound is preferably 1 to 200 Pm. Average particle size is 1
- a nitrogen-containing compound of less than / zm When a nitrogen-containing compound of less than / zm is used, molding of the igniting agent tends to be difficult. On the other hand, when a nitrogen-containing compound having an average particle size of more than 200 / zm is used, the production equipment for the igniting agents 26 and 39 is clogged and the production efficiency is reduced immediately. Decreases the ignitability and burning rate of the igniting agent.
- a preferred average particle size is 1 to: LOO / zm, and a particularly preferred average particle size is 1 to 30 ⁇ m.
- the blending amount of the fuel is preferably 2 to 32% by mass, more preferably 4 to 22% by mass, and particularly preferably 5 to 18% by mass, based on the total mass of the oxidizing agent and the fuel. If the blending amount of the fuel is less than 2% by mass, the mechanical properties of the igniting agents 26 and 39 decrease, and the amount of generated gas tends to decrease. If the blending amount of the fuel exceeds 32% by mass, the ignitability of the igniting agents 26 and 39 tends to be poor, and the burning speed tends to be low.
- the igniting agents 26 and 39 can contain a plasticizer to improve moldability. All known plasticizers with good compatibility with the binder can be used. Examples of the plasticizer include fatty acid ester plasticizers such as acetyltributyl quenate and acetylethyltriate; phthalic acid diester plasticizers such as dibutyl phthalate, dimethyl phthalate and getyl phthalate; and phosphate esters, triacetin, and the like.
- Glycidyl azide plasticizer such as trimethylolethane trinitrate, diethylene glycol dinitrate, triethylene glycol dinitrate, nitroglycerin, bis 2,2-dinitropropyl acetal Z-formal.
- the blending amount of the plasticizer is preferably 15% by mass or less in the igniting agent. Yes If the amount of the plasticizer exceeds 15% by mass, the proportion of components other than the plasticizer decreases, and the flammability and ignitability decrease. In consideration of flammability and ignitability, the preferred amount of the plasticizer is 1 to 12% by mass, and the particularly preferred amount is 1 to 8% by mass.
- the igniting agents 26 and 39 may be blended with a temporal stabilizer in order to improve long-term stability.
- All known aging stabilizers capable of improving the aging stability can be used.
- Examples of aging stabilizers include diphenyl-urea derivatives such as diphenylurea, methyldiphenylurea, ethyldiphenylurea, getyldiphenylurea, dimethyldiphenylurea, and methylethyldiurea; diphenylamine, 2-fluorodiamine and the like.
- Resorcinol diphenyl-uramine derivatives; phenylurethane derivatives such as ethylfururethane and methylfluorourethane; diphenyl-urethane derivatives such as difluorourethane;
- examples of particularly preferred temporal stabilizers are diphenylamine and getyldiphenylurea, which have excellent temporal stability of the igniting agents 26 and 39 and ignitability at the beginning of combustion.
- the blending amount of the aging stabilizer in the igniting agents 26 and 39 is preferably 10% by mass or less. When the content exceeds 10% by mass, the effect as a stabilizer is great, but the mixing ratio of other components is reduced, so that the flammability and ignitability tend to deteriorate. In view of improving the aging stability of the igniting agents 26 and 39 and considering the flammability and ignitability, 0.2 to 5% by mass is more preferable, and 0.2 to 3% by mass is particularly preferable.
- the igniting agents 26 and 39 include a slag forming agent in order to suppress release of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal oxidized product generated by the decomposition of the oxidizing agent as mist to the outside of the gas generator.
- a slag forming agent in order to suppress release of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal oxidized product generated by the decomposition of the oxidizing agent as mist to the outside of the gas generator.
- slag formers are silica, alumina, acid clay, talc, myriki, molybdenum disulfide.
- Preferred slag formers are silica, alumina and acid clay.
- the amount of the slag forming agent in the igniting agents 26 and 39 is preferably 10% by mass or less. If the amount of the slag forming agent exceeds 10% by mass, the ratio of other components excluding the slag forming agent is reduced, and the combustibility and ignitability are reduced. In consideration of combustibility and ignitability, the preferred amount of the slag forming agent is 1 to 5% by mass, and the particularly preferred amount is 1 to 3% by mass.
- the ignition agent composition is a combination of an alkali metal salt of oxohalogen acid as an oxidizing agent, a cellulose-based polymer binder as a fuel, and a fatty acid ester-based as a plasticizer.
- a combination of potassium perchlorate as an oxidizing agent, cellulose acetate butyrate as a fuel, and acetyltributyl taenate as a plasticizer has excellent ignitability, flammability, heat resistance and mechanical properties.
- a combination of an ammonium salt of oxohalogen acid as an oxidizing agent, a cellulose-based polymer binder as a fuel, and a fatty acid ester as a plasticizer More specifically, it is a combination of ammonium perchlorate as an acidifier, cellulose acetate butyrate as a fuel, and acetyltributyl citrate as a plasticizer.
- This composition has excellent flammability, heat resistance and mechanical properties.
- the igniting agents 26 and 39 are required to have excellent ignitability and flammability, it is preferable that the igniting agents 26 and 39 have a composition in which the oxygen content in the igniting agents 26 and 39 is excessive (the oxygen balance is positive). .
- Non-azide gas generating agents consist of oxidizing agents and fuels, as well as plasticizers, aging stabilizers and slag forming agents.
- the oxidizing agent is not particularly limited, and the oxidizing agent used for the igniting agents 26 and 39 can also be used. In consideration of the gasification rate, ammonium salts, specifically, ammonium nitrate, which is more preferable than ammonium nitrate, ammonium chlorate and ammonium perchlorate, are particularly preferable.
- the shape of the oxidizing agent is desirably a powder having mixing and flammability. The average particle size of the powder is preferably in the range of 1 to 500 m.
- the average particle size is less than 1 ⁇ m, it tends to be difficult to produce a non-azide gas generating agent. On the other hand, if the average particle size exceeds 500 m, the mechanical properties of the molded product will deteriorate, and the burning rate tends to decrease. Further, in consideration of the mechanical properties and combustion performance of the non-azide gas generating agent, the average particle size is particularly preferably 1 to 200 m, more preferably 1 to 200 m, more preferably 1 to 200 m.
- the compounding amount of the oxidizing agent is preferably 58 to 97% by mass, more preferably 75 to 95% by mass, and particularly preferably 78 to 93% by mass, based on the total mass of the oxidizing agent and the fuel.
- the amount of the oxidizing agent is less than 58% by mass, a large amount of carbon monoxide tends to be produced in the produced gas.
- the amount of the oxidizing agent exceeds 97% by mass, the mechanical properties of the non-azide gas generating agent tend to decrease, and the burning rate tends to decrease. If the amount of oxygen in the non-azide gas generating agent is insufficient (when the oxygen balance is negative), harmful carbon monoxide is generated due to incomplete combustion when burning.
- the fuel will be described.
- the fuel contained in the non-azide gas generating agent is not particularly limited.
- the fuel used for the ignition agent can be used.
- Examples of fuels are polymeric binders, powdered microcrystalline carbon, and nitrogenous compounds.
- cellulose binders such as cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, and ethyl cellulose, which have a high ability to shape the oxidizing agent and the constituents of the fuel powder, are preferable.
- the shape of the powdered microcrystalline carbon is desirably a powder having a mixability and flammability.
- the average particle size is preferably from 0.1 to 500 ⁇ m. If it is less than 0.1 m, it tends to be difficult to form the non-azide-based gas generant into granules. On the other hand, if the average particle size exceeds 500 m, the burning rate tends to be slow. Further, in consideration of the mechanical properties and combustion performance of the non-azide gas generating agent, the average particle diameter is particularly preferably 1 to 200 / zm, more preferably 1 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the specific surface area of the powdered microcrystalline carbon 5 ⁇ 1600m 2 Zg are preferred. If the specific surface area of the powdered microcrystalline carbon is less than 5 m 2 / g, the burning rate of the non-azide gas generating agent tends to be low. On the other hand, when the specific surface area of the powdered microcrystalline carbon exceeds 1600 m 2 Zg, the productivity of the powdered microcrystalline carbon tends to deteriorate. Further, in consideration of the mechanical properties and combustion performance of the non-azide gas generating agent, the specific surface area is more preferably from 10 to 1500 m 2 Zg, particularly preferably from 50 to 1300 m 2 Zg.
- trimethylenetri-troamine RDX
- tetramethylenetetra-troamine HMX
- PETN pentaerythritol tetranitrate
- NQ nitroguanidine
- TAGN triaminoguanidine nitrate
- the nitrogen-containing compound preferably has an average particle size of 1 to 500 ⁇ m. If the average particle diameter is less than m, it tends to be difficult to form the non-azide gas generant into granules, and if the average particle diameter exceeds 500 m, the effect of improving the combustion rate tends to be lost. Furthermore, considering the mechanical properties and combustion performance of the non-azide gas generant, the average particle size is more preferably 1 to 200 ⁇ m, and 1 to: LOO ⁇ m. Especially preferred
- the blending amount of the fuel is preferably 3 to 42% by mass, more preferably 5 to 25% by mass, and particularly preferably 7 to 22% by mass based on the total mass of the oxidizing agent and the fuel.
- the blending amount of the fuel is less than 3% by mass, the mechanical properties of the non-azide gas generating agent tend to decrease, and the amount of gas generation tends to decrease.
- the blending amount of the fuel exceeds 42% by mass, a large amount of carbon monoxide tends to be produced in the produced gas.
- a plasticizer may be added to the non-azide gas generating agent in order to impart plasticity and improve moldability. All known plasticizers having good compatibility with the binder can be used. The amount of the plasticizer added is preferably 15% by mass or less in the non-azide gas generating agent.
- a temporal stabilizer can be combined with the non-azide gas generating agent in order to improve the temporal stability.
- the type of the aging stabilizer is not limited. All known substances capable of improving aging stability can be used as aging stabilizers.
- the amount of the aging stabilizer added is preferably 10% by mass or less in the non-azide gas generating agent.
- the non-azide-based gas generating agent uses a slag forming agent in order to prevent the oxidized product of the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal generated by the decomposition of the oxidizing agent from being released as a mist to the outside of the gas generator. Can be blended.
- the slag forming agent any substance capable of forming a slag can be used in the same manner as the ignition agents 26 and 39.
- the addition amount of the slag forming agent is preferably 10% by mass or less in the non-azide gas generating agent.
- a preferred composition as a non-azide gas generating agent is a combination of an ammonium salt of nitric acid as an oxidizing agent, a cellulose-based polymer binder as a fuel, and a fatty acid ester as a plasticizer. Specifically, a combination of ammonium nitrate as an oxidizing agent, cellulose acetate butyrate as a fuel, and acetylethyl butylate as a plasticizer is used. Since this composition is excellent in gasification rate and also excellent in heat resistance and mechanical properties, it is more preferable as a non-azide gas generating agent.
- a combination of an ammonium salt of oxohalogen acid, an alkali metal salt of nitric acid as an oxidizing agent, a cellulosic polymer binder as a fuel, and a fatty acid ester as a plasticizer is also preferable.
- a combination of ammonium perchlorate and sodium nitrate as an oxidizing agent, cellulose acetate butyrate as a fuel, and acetylethyl tributylate as a plasticizer is excellent in gasification rate and also excellent in heat resistance and mechanical properties, and is therefore more preferable as a non-azide gas generating agent.
- igniting agents 26 and 39 When using the igniting agents 26 and 39 together with the non-azide gas generating agent, make sure that the burning speed of the igniting agents 26 and 39 is faster than that of the non-azide gas generating agent. No. This is because the ignitability and flammability of the non-azide gas generating agent cannot be improved even if an igniting agent having a lower burning rate than the non-azide gas generating agent is used.
- igniting agents 26 and 39 obtained from the same raw material are used in combination with non-azide gas generating agents, the particle size is changed for both, and the mixing ratio of the oxidizing agent and the fuel is adjusted. However, it is necessary to make the burning rate of the igniting agent 26, 39 faster than that of the non-azide gas generating agent.
- the igniting agents 26 and 39 of the second embodiment can be manufactured by the method described in the first embodiment.
- the shape of the ignition agent is not particularly limited.
- the igniting agents 26 and 39 of the second embodiment can have the shape described in the first embodiment.
- Examples of the shape of the igniting agent include a cylindrical shape with an outer diameter of 0.1 to 5 mm and a length of 0.1 to 5 mm, an outer diameter of 0.3 to 5 mm, an inner hole diameter of 0.1 to 4.9 mm, a length of 0.1 to 5 mm, It is a cylinder with a wall thickness of about 0.1 to 3 mm.
- the burning speed of the ignition agents 26 and 39 Is configured to be faster than the burning rate of the non-azide gas generants 25 and 38. Therefore, the igniting agents 26 and 39 can promptly advance the combustion of the gas generating agents 25 and 38, in which the propagation of combustion at the time of combustion is faster than that of the gas generating agents 25 and 38. Therefore, the ignitability and combustibility of the non-azide gas generating agents 25 and 38 can be improved while maintaining a high gasification rate.
- the combustion speed is defined by the time from the start of energization of the igniter to the maximum pressure of the gas generated in the combustion chambers 24 and 32.
- the arrival time of the igniters 26 and 39 is shorter than the arrival time of the non-azide gas generating agent. Therefore, the ignitability and flammability of the non-azide gas generating agents 25 and 38 can be further improved.
- the Werner pulverizer is a device that stirs and mixes with a stirring blade supported on a rotating shaft extending in a lateral direction.
- This mixture was charged into an extruder.
- a die with a hole diameter of 0.75 mm and a pin with a diameter of 0.25 mm are attached to the extruder in advance. Then, by applying pressure, it is extruded through the hole of this die and formed into a cylinder having one through hole.
- This molded product was cut into a length of 2.0 mm and dried to obtain a granular igniting agent having a shape shown in FIG. 1 (b).
- Table 1 shows the dimensions of the ignition agent. The time required to reach the maximum pressure at which the igniter begins to conduct electricity was examined by a closed bomb combustion test. Table 1 shows the test results.
- composition is the same as the raw material component and the compounding amount as in Example 1.
- igniting agents were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, and the arrival times were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 6 The average particle diameter of 30 mu potassium perchlorate 84.2 wt% of m, the cellulose acetate butyrate 2.0 mass 0/0, to blended mixture to be a ratio of Taen acid ⁇ cetyl tributyl 2.0 wt% and activated carbon 11.8 wt% acetone A mixed solution of 30% by mass and 5% by mass of water was added, and the mixture was uniformly mixed with a Derna monomixer.
- Example 6 the same raw material components and compounding amounts as in Example 6 were used. Then, using the molding jigs shown in Table 1, igniting agents were respectively manufactured by the same method as in Example 6, and the arrival time was evaluated by the same method as in Example 6. The results are shown in Table 1.
- the above mixed solution was added to the above mixture, and the mixture was uniformly mixed with a Werner mixer to produce a kneaded product.
- the kneaded product was charged into an extruder.
- the extruder is equipped with a die with a hole diameter of 1.75 mm and one pin with a diameter of 0.25 mm.
- Perchlorate ammonium having an average particle size of 80 mu m - ⁇ beam 47.1 mass 0/0, the average particle diameter of 70 mu nitrate sodium 34.9 wt% of m, the cellulose acetate butyrate 9.0 wt%, Taen acid ⁇ cetyl tributyl 8.0 mass % And activated carbon 1.0 mass%. Then, using a molding jig shown in Table 2, a gas generating agent was produced in the same manner as in Production Example 1 of the gas generating agent for seat belt pretensioner. Table 2 shows the dimensions of the gas generating agent.
- FIG. 7 is a combustion profile of Example 15.
- the Werner mixer is a device for stirring and mixing by a stirring blade supported on a rotating shaft extending in a lateral direction.
- This mixture was charged to the extruder.
- a die with a hole diameter of 0.95 mm and a pin with a diameter of 0.25 mm are attached to the extruder in advance. Then, by applying pressure to the mixture, the mixture is extruded while passing through the holes of the die, and is formed into a cylinder having one through hole. This cylinder was cut into a length of 2.0 mm and dried to obtain a granular igniting agent having the shape shown in FIG. 1 (b).
- Table 4 shows the dimensions of the obtained ignition agent.
- a closed bomb combustion test was conducted to determine the time required for the ignition agent to reach the maximum energization starting force pressure. Table 4 The arrival time was in the range of 5 to 20 ms as shown in FIG.
- the mixed solution in which the mass% was mixed was added, and the mixture was uniformly mixed with a Werner mixer.
- This mixture was charged into a granulator. Punching metal with a hole diameter of 0.35 mm is attached to the granulator in advance. Then, by applying pressure to the mixture, the mixture was extruded while passing through the holes of the punched metal, and a granular igniting agent having the shape shown in FIG. 1 (a) was obtained. Table 4 shows the dimensions of the obtained ignition agent. In addition, a closed bomb combustion test was performed to determine the time required for the ignition agent to reach the maximum pressure from the start of energization. As shown in Table 4, the arrival time was in the range of 5 to 20 ms.
- Example 37 showed almost the same combustion profile as the combustion profile of FIG.
- the igniting agents of Examples 1 to 8 were able to adjust the time to reach the maximum pressure in the energization starting force to 6 to 13 milliseconds.
- Examples 9 to 20 in which a granular igniting agent was blended, the ignitability and the flammability were improved, so that the arrival time was in the range of 15 to 30 milliseconds, and as a gas generating agent for the sheet belt pretensioner. It turned out to be usable.
- the ignition agents shown in Examples 21 to 29 could adjust the time to reach the maximum energization start pressure to 8 to 14 milliseconds.
- Examples 30 to 41 in which the igniting agent was added, the ignitability and flammability were improved. It became clear. In Example 41, although the blending ratio of the igniting agent was large, it could be used as a gas generating agent for pretensioner, but it was obvious that the gasification rate tended to decrease.
- the combustion profile in Fig. 6 is a so-called S-shape.
- the combustion speed (combustion pressure) in the initial stage of combustion (the power to start energizing the igniter was also about 23 msec) was extremely low, and the combustion pressure was in the middle of combustion (approx. (After 23 ms), and there is a problem in flammability.
- the combustion profile in Fig. 7 is a so-called linear type. That is, with the gas generating agent for the seat belt pretensioner containing the igniting agent of Examples 15 and 37, the combustion pressure (combustion rate) increases linearly from the initial stage of combustion, and is higher than the initial stage of combustion. The burning rate has been reached, and the flammability has been greatly improved.
- Example 19 Since the mass ratio of the igniting agent was small, it could be used as a gas generating agent for a seat belt pretensioner, but it was obvious that the arrival time tended to be slow. In Example 20, since the mass ratio of the igniting agent was large, it could be used as a gas generating agent for a sheet belt pretensioner, but the gasification rate was low. I've noticed that it tends to go down.
- the content of the igniting agents 26, 39 with respect to the non-azide-based gas generating agents 25, 38 can be increased in the case of the gas generating device 12 as compared with the case of the gas generating device 30. In this case, the entire non-azide gas generating agent 25 housed in the combustion chamber 24 of the gas generator 12 can be sufficiently burned.
- the non-azide gas generating agent is a combustion catalyst such as copper oxide, iron oxide and manganese oxide, or oxyethylene dodecylamine, polyoxyethylene dodecylamine and polyoxyethylene octadecylamine. And the like may be contained.
- a thin portion or a through hole may be formed.
- Ignition agents 26 and 39 can also be used for rear seat gas generators, side impact gas generators, curtain gas generators, etc.
- the most preferred igniting agent has the shape and dimensions described in the first embodiment and the composition described in the second embodiment.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
- Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/571,155 US20080217893A1 (en) | 2004-06-17 | 2005-06-17 | Firing Agent for Gas Generating Device |
CA002538343A CA2538343C (en) | 2004-06-17 | 2005-06-17 | Firing agent for gas generating device |
EP05751583A EP1785409A4 (en) | 2004-06-17 | 2005-06-17 | IGNITION AGENT FOR GAS GENERATING DEVICE |
US12/626,140 US7993475B2 (en) | 2004-06-17 | 2009-11-25 | Firing agent for gas generating device |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004180000A JP4682542B2 (ja) | 2004-06-17 | 2004-06-17 | ガス発生器用の着火剤 |
JP2004180001A JP4682543B2 (ja) | 2004-06-17 | 2004-06-17 | ガス発生器用の着火剤 |
JP2004-180000 | 2004-06-17 | ||
JP2004-180001 | 2004-06-17 |
Related Child Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/571,155 A-371-Of-International US20080059258A1 (en) | 2004-06-24 | 2005-06-23 | Method and System for Selecting Search List Table in Internet Search Engine in Response to Search Request |
US12/626,140 Division US7993475B2 (en) | 2004-06-17 | 2009-11-25 | Firing agent for gas generating device |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2005123631A1 true WO2005123631A1 (ja) | 2005-12-29 |
WO2005123631A8 WO2005123631A8 (ja) | 2006-02-23 |
Family
ID=35509589
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2005/011125 WO2005123631A1 (ja) | 2004-06-17 | 2005-06-17 | ガス発生装置用の着火剤 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US20080217893A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1785409A4 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2538343C (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005123631A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2009137815A (ja) * | 2007-12-10 | 2009-06-25 | Daicel Chem Ind Ltd | ガス発生剤組成物 |
EP1990088A4 (en) * | 2006-01-18 | 2017-12-13 | Nippon Kayaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Small gas-generating device for gas actuator and pretensioner system |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10618495B1 (en) | 2013-10-28 | 2020-04-14 | Joyson Safety Systems Acquisition Llc | Foam-in-place pyrotechnic system |
DE102016113732A1 (de) | 2016-07-26 | 2018-02-01 | Trw Airbag Systems Gmbh | Gasgenerator mit pyrotechnischem Treibsatz und Verfahren zur Herstellung des Treibsatzes |
WO2019162575A1 (en) * | 2018-02-22 | 2019-08-29 | Jyväskylän Ammattikorkeakoulu Oy | Oxidizer agent for a composition generating gas in a protection device of a vehicle, composition for generating gas, and a gas generator for a protection device of a vehicle |
RU2694773C1 (ru) * | 2018-09-21 | 2019-07-16 | Естиконде Инвестмент Лимитед | Азотогенерирующий состав для пожаротушения и способ его получения |
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JP2009137815A (ja) * | 2007-12-10 | 2009-06-25 | Daicel Chem Ind Ltd | ガス発生剤組成物 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1785409A1 (en) | 2007-05-16 |
US20100109304A1 (en) | 2010-05-06 |
CA2538343A1 (en) | 2005-12-29 |
WO2005123631A8 (ja) | 2006-02-23 |
US7993475B2 (en) | 2011-08-09 |
CA2538343C (en) | 2009-10-20 |
US20080217893A1 (en) | 2008-09-11 |
EP1785409A4 (en) | 2010-04-07 |
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