WO2005117181A1 - 燃料電池システム - Google Patents
燃料電池システム Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005117181A1 WO2005117181A1 PCT/JP2005/010086 JP2005010086W WO2005117181A1 WO 2005117181 A1 WO2005117181 A1 WO 2005117181A1 JP 2005010086 W JP2005010086 W JP 2005010086W WO 2005117181 A1 WO2005117181 A1 WO 2005117181A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- fuel cell
- flow rate
- flow
- ejector
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
- F04F5/00—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow
- F04F5/14—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being elastic fluid
- F04F5/16—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being elastic fluid displacing elastic fluids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
- F04F5/00—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow
- F04F5/44—Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04F5/02 - F04F5/42
- F04F5/46—Arrangements of nozzles
- F04F5/461—Adjustable nozzles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell system provided with an ejector for supplying a new gas to be supplied to a fuel cell by being combined with a gas discharged from the fuel cell.
- the fuel cell system described in Patent Literature 1 includes two ejectors corresponding to a predetermined flow rate of hydrogen gas, and switches the two ejectors as needed based on the output current of the fuel cell.
- the fuel cell system described in Patent Document 2 appropriately adjusts the opening of the fuel supply valve of the ejector based on the detection result of the pressure or flow rate provided in the hydrogen gas supply system by a plurality of sensors.
- Patent Literature 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-56669 (Pages 4 to 6, FIG. 2)
- Patent Literature 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 91-213133 (Page 3 and Figure 1) Disclosure of the Invention
- a fuel cell system according to the present invention is an ejector provided in a gas supply system, which supplies a new gas to be supplied to a fuel cell by merging with a gas discharged from the fuel cell. Ejector is provided.
- the ejector has a nozzle for injecting new gas and generating a negative pressure for sucking gas discharged from the fuel cell, and a flow control mechanism for controlling a flow rate of the new gas passing through the nozzle.
- the gas supply system is provided with a first flow passage that guides the gas from the fuel cell to the ejector until it merges with the ejector.
- the flow control mechanism controls the flow rate of the new gas according to the pressure of the gas introduced from the first flow passage.
- the flow rate of the new gas passing through the nozzle is controlled by the flow rate control mechanism.
- This control is performed according to the gas discharged from the fuel cell (hereinafter, mainly referred to as off gas). Done.
- the flow rate control mechanism can be controlled mechanically, eliminating the need for an electrical actuator sensor.
- the off-gas pressure is effectively used, an appropriate amount of gas can be supplied to the off-gas according to the load on the fuel cell.
- the outlet pressure of the fuel cell which has a high pressure change response due to fluctuations in gas consumption in the fuel cell, acts on the ejector. This makes it possible to supply a new gas with good responsiveness when the consumption amount fluctuates.
- the “gas supply system” means, for example, in the case where the gas is hydrogen gas as a fuel, a series of components involving (flowing) hydrogen gas.
- the “gas supply system” also includes a gas supply source (for example, a hydrogen tank) and a gas flow path in a fuel cell.
- the gas supply system may be an oxygen gas supply system or a hydrogen gas supply system.
- the gas supply system has a second flow passage that guides new gas to the flow control mechanism. It is preferable that the flow control mechanism controls the flow rate of the new gas in accordance with the pressure difference between the gas from the first flow passage and the gas from the second flow passage.
- the gas supply system is provided with a second flow passage that guides the combined gas supplied to the fuel cell to the flow control mechanism, and the flow control mechanism includes a gas from the first flow passage and a second flow passage. It is preferable to control the flow rate of the new gas in accordance with the pressure difference between the gas and the gas.
- the flow control mechanism is connected to the needle with the distal end facing the nozzle opening and the proximal end of the needle, and the gas from one of the first flow passage and the second flow passage is guided to the surface side.
- the axial advance of the needle reduces the area of this gap and reduces the flow rate of new gas to be ejected.
- the advance and retreat of the needle that changes the opening area of the nozzle is based on the balance of the differential pressure and the urging force acting on the piston. Therefore, the flow rate of the new gas passing through the nozzle can be appropriately controlled with a simple configuration.
- a plurality of nozzles are provided corresponding to the flow rate of the new gas, and the flow control mechanism switches the plurality of nozzles according to the differential pressure to allow the passage of the new gas. Select one or more nozzles to It is preferable to control the flow rate of the gas.
- the nozzles that pass the new gas can be passed through the nozzles only by appropriately switching the nozzles that guide the new gas in accordance with the differential pressure. It is possible to appropriately control the flow rate of the new gas.
- the first flow passage is branched and connected to the circulation flow passage from the time when the fuel cell exhausts the fuel cell to the time when it joins the ejector, and the circulation flow passage also has a small flow passage cross-sectional area. Is preferred.
- the flow rate control by the ejector is performed according to the pressure of the gas discharged from the fuel cell, and various electric configurations are not necessarily required for the control.
- a gas corresponding to the load of the fuel cell can be appropriately supplied.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing a configuration of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 2 is a simplified configuration diagram showing a main part of the fuel cell system according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a simplified configuration diagram showing a main part of the fuel cell system according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a simplified configuration diagram showing a main part of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 3.
- FIG. 5 is a simplified configuration diagram showing a main part of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 4.
- FIG. 6 is a simplified configuration diagram showing a main part of a fuel cell system according to Embodiment 5.
- FIG. 7 is a simplified configuration diagram showing a main part of a fuel cell system according to Embodiment 6.
- FIG. 8 is a configuration diagram showing a configuration of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 7. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- This fuel cell system is equipped with an ejector configured with a variable flow rate type. By controlling the gas flow rate by this ejector on a mechanical structure (autonomously), it supplies gas corresponding to the load of the fuel cell. It is.
- an ejector is provided in a hydrogen gas supply system.
- the fuel cell system will be described using a fuel cell vehicle represented by a device equipped with the fuel cell system as an example.
- the fuel cell system 1 includes a solid molecular electrolyte type fuel cell 2 which receives oxygen gas (air) and hydrogen gas (fuel gas) to generate electric power.
- the fuel cell 2 is configured as a stack structure in which many cells are stacked.
- the fuel cell system 1 includes an oxygen gas supply system 3 for supplying oxygen gas to the fuel cell 2 and a hydrogen gas supply system 4 for supplying hydrogen gas to the fuel cell 2.
- the oxygen gas supply system 3 includes a supply channel 12 for supplying the oxygen gas humidified by the humidifier 11 to the fuel cell 2 and a circulation channel for guiding the oxygen off-gas discharged from the fuel cell 2 to the humidifier 11. 13, and an exhaust passage 14 for introducing oxygen off-gas from the humidifier 11 to the combustor.
- the supply flow path 12 contains oxygen gas in the atmosphere.
- a compressor 15 which takes in the gas and pressure feeds it to the humidifier 11.
- the hydrogen gas supply system 4 includes a hydrogen tank 21 as a hydrogen supply source storing high-pressure hydrogen gas, a supply passage 22 for supplying hydrogen gas from the hydrogen tank 21 to the fuel cell 2, and a fuel cell 2.
- It has a circulation channel 23 for returning the discharged hydrogen off-gas to the supply channel 22 and an ejector 24 for recirculating the hydrogen off-gas in the circulation channel 23 to the supply channel 22. .
- the new hydrogen gas and the hydrogen off-gas from the hydrogen tank 21 are merged by the ejector 24, and the mixed gas after the merge is supplied to the fuel cell 2.
- the supply flow path 22 is located on the upstream side of the ejector 24, the main flow path 22 a serving as a flow path for introducing new hydrogen gas to the ejector 24, and the downstream side of the ejector 24. And a mixing channel 22 b serving as a channel for guiding the mixed gas to the fuel cell 2 via the humidifier 25.
- a closed pulp 31 for opening and closing the main flow path 22 a and a regulator 31 for adjusting the pressure of hydrogen gas.
- the humidifier 25 is interposed between the mixing channel 22 b and the circulation channel 23, and exchanges moisture between the mixed gas and the hydrogen off-gas. For this reason, the fuel cell 2 is supplied with an appropriately wet mixed gas.
- a check valve 34 is provided downstream of the humidifier 25, and a discharge channel 35 is branched and piped downstream of the humidifier 25.
- the hydrogen off-gas in the circulation channel 23 is sucked into the ejector 24 through the check valve 34. It is also possible to adopt a structure in which the humidifier 25 and the check valve 34 are omitted.
- the ejector 24 is configured so that the flow rate of hydrogen gas (mixed gas) supplied to the fuel cell 2 can be changed.
- the ejector 24 has a housing 41 constituting an outer shell thereof.
- the housing 41 has a primary supply port 42 connected to the downstream side of the main flow path 22a, and a supply port 42 connected to the upstream side of the mixing flow path 22b.
- a discharge port 43 on the secondary side and a suction port 44 on the negative pressure acting side (tertiary side) connected to the downstream side of the circulation channel 23 are formed.
- a nozzle 46 for injecting new hydrogen gas toward the downstream side Inside the housing 41, a nozzle 46 for injecting new hydrogen gas toward the downstream side, a flow control mechanism 47 for controlling the flow rate of the new hydrogen gas passing through the nozzle 46, and a nozzle A diffuser 48 is provided downstream of the nozzle 46 and joins the new hydrogen gas and the hydrogen off-gas that have passed through the nozzle 46.
- the nozzle 46 is a so-called tapered nozzle. That is, the nozzle 46 is formed so as to be tapered in the flow direction of the hydrogen gas, and has a distal end opening toward the diffuser 48.
- the expanded base end side of the nozzle 46 is connected to the supply port 42 on the primary side.
- the diffuser 48 is formed coaxially with the nozzle 46, and the upstream side between the diffuser 48 and the nozzle 46 is connected to the suction port 44 on the tertiary side.
- the downstream side of the diffuser 48 is connected to the outlet 43 on the secondary side.
- the flow control mechanism 47 has the distal end facing the opening of the nozzle 46.
- the needle 61, the piston 62 connected to the proximal end of the needle 61, and the rear side 62b of the piston 62 are arranged.
- the needle 61, the piston 62 and the spring 63 are arranged coaxially with the nozzle 46.
- the needle 61 is formed of a cone or a pyramid, and is tapered toward the distal end, for example, the distal end is formed as a paraboloid.
- the panel 63 has a predetermined spring constant, and is interposed between the back side 62 b of the biston 62 and the inside of the housing 41.
- Panel 6 3 needles 6 2 b on the back side of piston 6 2 6 Energize toward the tip side of 1.
- the outer periphery of the piston 62 is supported inside the housing 41, and is configured to be slidable in the axial direction.
- the front side 6 2 a of the biston 6 2 has a central portion connected to a dollar 6 1, and the other peripheral portions except for the main flow channel 2 2 a through a supply port 42. New hydrogen gas from Kara is being introduced.
- the back side 6 2b of the piston 62 has a spring 63 connected to the center thereof, and a pressure inlet 70 formed in the housing 41 at other peripheral parts except for the spring 63.
- the hydrogen off-gas from the circulation flow path 23 is guided as a signal pressure through the flow path.
- the hydrogen gas supply system 4 includes two flow paths (a first flow path and a second flow path) for guiding new hydrogen gas and hydrogen off-gas to the front and back surfaces of the piston 62, respectively. ) Is provided.
- the first flow passage is composed of a branch flow passage 81 branched and connected to the circulation flow passage 23 and having a smaller cross-sectional area than the circulation flow passage 23.
- the main flow passage 22a also serves as the second flow passage.
- the branch flow channel 81 communicates through a pressure inlet 70 with a pressure chamber 72 defined between the back surface 62 b of the piston 62 and the inside of the housing 41.
- the branch flow channel 81 may be an external pipe to the ejector 24 as shown in the figure, or may be an internal pipe built in the housing 41 of the ejector 24.
- the pressure P 1 of the new hydrogen gas in the main flow path 22 a acts on the front side 62 a of the piston 62, and the branch flow path 81 1 on the back side 62 b of the piston 62.
- the pressure P 2 of the hydrogen off-gas and the urging force of the spring 63 act.
- the needle 61 moves in the axial direction based on the balance between the differential pressure of hydrogen gas in the piston 62 and the biasing force of the spring 63.
- the opening area of the gap between the needle 61 and the tip of the nozzle 46 (hereinafter referred to as the opening area of the nozzle 46) is changed.
- the flow rate of the passing new hydrogen gas is controlled.
- the pressure of hydrogen gas on the front side 62 a of the piston 62 is P 4
- the pressure of hydrogen gas in the pressure chamber 72 on the back side 62 b of the piston 62 is P 4. It is explained as 5.
- P4 becomes larger than the value obtained by adding the biasing force of the panel 63 to P5
- the needle 61 retreats, the opening area of the nozzle 46 becomes large, and the new area passing through the nozzle 46 becomes new.
- the flow rate of the hydrogen gas increases.
- needle 61 advances and the opening area of nozzle 46 becomes smaller, and nozzle 46 becomes smaller.
- the flow rate of the passing new hydrogen gas becomes smaller.
- the end position of the needle 61 is regulated at a predetermined position, and when the needle 61 is advanced most, the outer peripheral surface of the needle 61 contacts the inner peripheral surface of the nozzle 46. Close the tip of the nozzle 46.
- the needle 61 is retracted most, the back side 62b of the biston 62 comes in contact with an unillustrated stopper provided in the pressure chamber 72, and the end position of the retracted needle 61 is regulated. It has become.
- the needle 61 is advanced and retracted in the axial direction mainly by the piston 62, the panel 63, and the two flow paths (22a, 81) for guiding the hydrogen gas to the piston 62. Needle moving means is configured.
- the operation of the fuel cell system 1 of the present embodiment will be described focusing on the relationship with the load of the fuel cell 2.
- the amount of power generated by the fuel cell 2 increases during acceleration of a fuel cell vehicle or the like
- the amount of hydrogen gas consumed by the fuel cell 2 increases.
- the pressure loss in the fuel cell 2 increases, and the pressure P 2 of the hydrogen off-gas in the circulation channel 23 decreases (the mixing channel 2
- the pressure P 3 of the mixed gas of 2b also decreases.
- the pressure P5 in the pressure chamber 72 decreases through the branch flow channel 81.
- the piston 62 and the needle 61 retreat from the equilibrium state against the panel 63 due to the balance of the urging forces of the P4, P5, and the panel 63.
- the opening area of the nozzle 46 increases, so that the nozzle 46 passes The flow rate of new hydrogen gas increases. Therefore, when the load on the fuel cell 2 increases, the ejector 24 autonomously responds appropriately. Since the pressure P3 of the mixed gas increases due to the increase in the flow rate of the new hydrogen gas, the pressure of the mixed gas supplied to the fuel cell 2 (that is, the fuel cell inlet pressure) is secured at an appropriate value. You. Also, at this time, the flow rate of the hydrogen off-gas increases, and the flow rate of the hydrogen off-gas is maintained at an appropriate value in relation to the flow rate of the new hydrogen gas.
- the consumption amount of hydrogen gas consumed by the fuel cell 2 decreases.
- the pressure loss in the fuel cell 2 decreases, and the pressure P 2 of the hydrogen off-gas in the circulation channel 23 increases (the mixing channel 22).
- the pressure P 3 of the mixed gas in b also increases.
- the pressure P5 in the pressure chamber 72 increases through the branch flow channel 81. Then, the piston 62 and the needle 61 advance from the equilibrium state by the balance of the urging forces of the P4, P5 and the spring 63.
- the opening area of the nozzle 46 is reduced, and the flow rate of new hydrogen gas passing through the nozzle 46 is reduced. Therefore, when the load on the fuel cell 2 is reduced, the ejector 24 autonomously responds appropriately. Then, the pressure P3 of the mixed gas decreases due to the decrease in the flow rate of the new hydrogen off-gas, so that the pressure of the mixed gas supplied to the fuel cell 2 is maintained at an appropriate value. Also, at this time, the flow rate of the hydrogen off-gas is reduced, and the flow rate of the hydrogen off-gas is secured to an appropriate value in relation to the flow rate of the new hydrogen gas.
- the flow rate of the hydrogen gas is controlled by the ejector 24 in accordance with the differential pressure of the hydrogen gas supply system 4, so that the conventional Such various electrical configurations are not required, and the system can be simplified as a whole. Also, depending on the load of the fuel cell. And an appropriate amount of hydrogen gas can be supplied thereto.
- the gas introduced into the flow control mechanism 47 is hydrogen off-gas
- the pressure with a high pressure change responsiveness that is, the fuel cell outlet pressure
- the responsiveness of the new hydrogen gas supply increases.
- the mixed gas is led to the flow control mechanism 47 instead of the hydrogen off-gas.
- the circulation flow path 23 is branched and connected to a branch flow path 71 having a smaller flow path cross-sectional area, and the branch flow path 71 is connected via a pressure inlet 70. It leads to the pressure chamber 72. Therefore, the pressure P 3 of the mixed gas in the branch flow channel 71 and the urging force of the spring 63 act on the back side 62 b of the piston 62.
- the needle 61 can be retracted by the balance of the urging force of the P4, P5 and the spring 63. Conversely, when the power generation amount of the fuel cell 2 decreases and the pressure P 3 of the mixed gas increases. When the pressure P 5 of the pressure chamber 72 increases through the branch flow channel 71. For this reason, the needle 61 can be advanced by the balance of the urging forces of P4, P5 and the panel 63.
- the flow rate control mechanism 47 can be operated according to the pressure of the mixed gas, an appropriate amount of hydrogen gas is supplied to the ejector 24 according to the load of the fuel cell 2 as in the above-described embodiment.
- the branch flow channel 71 may be an external conduit for the ejector 24 or an internal conduit built in the housing 41 of the ejector 24.
- the pressure of the hydrogen gas guided to the flow control mechanism 47 of the present embodiment is the pressure of a new hydrogen gas immediately upstream of the nozzle 46 and the pressure of a new hydrogen gas at a further upstream position different from this. .
- the configuration of the nozzle 46 and the needle 61 is different from that of Embodiment 1 in addition to the configuration of the branch flow channel.
- the nozzle 46 is composed of a so-called divergent nozzle, and the needle 61 advances and retreats, so that the opening area of the gap between the throat 91 and the dollar 61 of the nozzle 46 (hereinafter referred to as above) , The opening area of the nozzle 46).
- the distal end 101 of the needle 61 expands in a funnel shape toward the distal end, and faces the opening 92 and the throat 91 of the nozzle 46 from the downstream side of the nozzle 46.
- the opening area of the nozzle 46 becomes smaller.
- the tip portion 101 is separated from the throat portion 91 of the nozzle 46, so that the opening area of the nozzle 46 increases.
- the maximum value of the opening area of the nozzle 46 is a value obtained by subtracting the cross-sectional area of the axial body 102 connected to the tip 101 of the nozzle 46 from the cross-sectional area of the throat 91. .
- a throttle unit 111 for reducing the flow rate of the new hydrogen gas is provided inside the housing 41.
- the new hydrogen gas that has passed through the throttle section 11 1 is supplied to the nozzle 46 and the front side 62 a of the piston 62. Therefore, the pressure P 4 of the new hydrogen gas that has passed through the throttle portion 11 1 acts on the front side 6 2 a of the piston 62.
- the main flow passage 2 2a on the upstream side of the throttle 1 1 1 is branched and connected to a branch flow passage 1 1 2 having a smaller cross-sectional area than the main flow passage 2 2a. It communicates with the pressure chamber 72 through the inlet 70. Therefore, the back of piston 6 2 On the side 62b, a new pressure P1 of hydrogen gas in the branch flow channel 112 and a biasing force of the panel 63 act. A pressure difference occurs between the pressures P 1 and P 4 of the new hydrogen gas before and after the constricted portion 1 1 1. In the present embodiment, attention is paid to the fact that this differential pressure varies according to the flow rate of the new hydrogen gas, and the dollar 61 is advanced and retracted via the piston 62 in accordance with this differential pressure.
- the flow rate control by the ejector 24 can be performed autonomously according to the differential pressure of the gas supply system 4, and an appropriate amount of hydrogen can be controlled according to the load of the fuel cell 2. Gas can be supplied appropriately.
- the branch flow channel 112 may be an external pipeline to the ejector 24 as in the first embodiment.
- the ejector 24 of the present embodiment is configured in a multistage manner so as to correspond to a new flow rate range of hydrogen gas.
- the ejector 24 has three nozzles 46 provided corresponding to the new flow rate of hydrogen gas, and three nozzles provided downstream of each nozzle 46 and coaxial with each nozzle 46.
- a diffuser 48 The three nozzles 46 and the three diffusers 48 are arranged vertically in parallel.
- the first ejector portion 121 corresponding to the large flow rate region of the hydrogen gas is constituted by the nozzle 46 and the diffuser 48 located on the upper side of FIG. .
- a second ejector section 122 corresponding to the middle flow rate region of the hydrogen gas is constituted by the nozzle 46 located at the middle and the diffuser 48, and the nozzle 46 located at the lower side of FIG.
- the diffuser 48 forms a third ejector section 123 corresponding to a small flow rate region of the hydrogen gas.
- the nozzle 46 and the diffuser 48 of the first ejector section 121 are formed with the largest inner diameter as compared with those of the other ejector sections 122 and 123, and pass through the nozzle 46. And the flow rate of the new hydrogen gas becomes the largest.
- the first, second and third ejector sections 1 2 1, 1 2 2 and 1 2 3 are incorporated in a single housing 41, and the upstream side of the three nozzles 46 is the housing 4 In 1, each of the three main flow paths 2 3 a is branched from the one main flow path 2 2 a into three branches 13 1. Further, the downstream sides of the three diffusers 48 merge into one flow path in the housing 41, and the merged portion communicates with the mixing flow path 22b.
- a portion between the nozzle 46 and the diffuser 48 in the third ejector section 123 is connected to the suction port 44 on the tertiary side.
- the nozzle 46 and the diffuser 48 in the third ejector section 123 and the second ejector section 122 communicate with each other, and the second ejector section 122 and the second ejector section 122 communicate with each other.
- the nozzles 46 and the diffusers 48 in the section 122 and the first ejector section 121 are in communication with each other.
- the flow control mechanism 47 has three types depending on the hydrogen gas differential pressure.
- the flow control mechanism 47 comprises a switching valve 141 and a panel 142.
- the switching valve 141 has three valve bodies 1 capable of closing the branch flow path 131. 51 and two connecting portions 152 that connect the three valve bodies 151 in the up-down direction and do not block the branch passages 131, respectively.
- Each valve body 15 1 is slidably provided inside the housing 41. A new hydrogen gas from the main flow passage 22 a flows into the main flow pressure chamber 16 1 defined by the uppermost valve body 15 1 and the inner wall of the housing 41. 2).
- the hydrogen off-gas is led through the first flow path 17 2 (shunt flow path).
- the panel 144 is provided in the branch pressure chamber 171, and urges the switching valve 1441 as a whole upward through the lowermost valve body 151.
- the operation of the fuel cell system 1 of the present embodiment will be described focusing on the relationship with the load of the fuel cell 2.
- the upper two valve bodies 15 1 block the upper two branch passages 13 1, and the third ejector section 1 2 3 Only one is supposed to work.
- the pressure P 2 of the hydrogen off-gas decreases.
- the pressure P 5 of the branch pressure chamber 17 1 decreases through the branch flow channel 17 2.
- the switching valve 141 moves downward due to the balance of the urging forces of P4, P5 and the panel 142.
- the two valve bodies 15 1 on the lower side close the two upper and lower branch flow paths 13 1, respectively, and the second ejector section 1 2 Only 2 will work.
- the switching valve 14 1 is further lowered, and the upper two valve bodies 15 1 are connected to the lower two branch passages 13. 1 It is closed, and only the first ejector section 1 2 1 functions.
- each ejector section 121, 122, 123 is set to be suitable for each flow rate region of the new hydrogen gas, and a predetermined value is appropriately determined according to the differential pressure.
- the flow rate of new hydrogen gas is controlled. Therefore, also in the present embodiment, the flow rate control by the ejector 24 can be performed according to the differential pressure of the hydrogen gas supply system 4, and an appropriate amount of hydrogen gas is appropriately supplied thereto according to the load of the fuel cell 2. can do.
- the switching valve 141 is incorporated in the housing 41 of the ejector 24, the configuration of the switching valve 141 may of course be provided outside the housing 41 of the ejector 24. Further, a plurality of ejector sections 121, 122, and 123 are provided in a single housing 41, but each ejector section may be configured independently. Further, in the present embodiment, one ejector portion is used for each of the flow rates of the hydrogen gas, but a plurality of ejector portions may be selectively combined. That is, a plurality of nozzles 46 may be selected according to the differential pressure.
- a plurality of ejector units may be configured with exactly the same capability (suction capability), or may be configured with different capabilities as described above.
- a combination of a new hydrogen gas and a hydrogen off gas or a combination of a new hydrogen gas and a mixed gas is used as the gas to be guided to the flow rate control mechanism 47.
- a combination of a hydrogen off-gas and a mixed gas may be used.
- the ejector 24 has the single flow rate control mechanism 47, and is configured to control the flow rate based on one differential pressure in the hydrogen gas supply system 4.
- the ejector 24 controls the flow rate based on a plurality (two) of differential pressures to achieve a wide range of controllability, and has a plurality of flow rate control mechanisms for that purpose.
- the ejector 24 includes two flow rate control mechanisms including a first flow rate control mechanism 18 1 and a second flow rate control mechanism 18 2, as in the first embodiment, a housing 41, and a supply port on the primary side. 4 2, secondary outlet 4 3, 3 ⁇ inlet 4 4, single tapered nozzle 46, and single diffuser 48.
- the first and second flow control mechanisms 18 1 and 18 2 are configured so as to partially share various members such as the needle 61.
- the first flow control mechanism 18 1 has the first piston 19 1 connected to the base end of the needle 61 and the back side of the first piston 19 1 connected to the distal end of the needle 61. And a first panel 192 biasing toward the main part.
- the second flow control mechanism 18 2 connects the second piston 201 connected to the first piston 19 1 via the connecting member 18 3 and the second piston 201 to the tip of the dollar 61. And a second panel 202 biased toward the side.
- the connecting member 183 is formed of, for example, a hollow stepped round bar.
- the connecting member 183 has a large-diameter portion 211 that slidably supports the peripheral portion of the first piston 191, and a thin portion having one end fixed to the surface side of the second piston 201.
- the peripheral portion of the second piston 201 is slidably supported by the inner wall of the housing 41.
- the outer peripheral surface of the large diameter portion 211 is slidably supported by an annular guide portion 221 fixed to the inner wall of the housing 41.
- the inside of the large-diameter portion 2 1 1 is divided into left and right by a first piston 19 1.
- the first mainstream gas chamber 222 on the right side of the drawing mainly has a surface side of the first piston 191 and a gas introduction opening 223 that is disposed to face the first piston 191 and allows the needle 61 to advance and retreat. It is defined by a wall 2 24 and an inner wall of the large diameter portion 2 1 1.
- the first split gas chamber 2 26 on the left side of the figure mainly includes a back surface side of the first piston 191, an annular stepped portion 2 13 opposed thereto, and an inner wall of the large diameter portion 211. Is defined by The first panel 192 described above is provided in the first split gas chamber 226.
- New hydrogen gas from the main flow passage 22 a is introduced into the first main flow gas chamber 222 through the gas introduction opening 223.
- the hydrogen off-gas from the first branch flow channel 2 27 branched and connected to the circulation channel 23 is passed through an internal flow channel constituted by the small diameter portion 2 12. Is introduced. More specifically, the first branch gas chamber 2 26 communicates with the internal flow path of the small diameter section 2 12, and the internal flow path of the small diameter section 2 12 It communicates with the internal flow path formed by the flow path forming member 232 through a through hole 231 formed in the center of the fin. Further, the internal flow path of the flow path forming member 232 communicates with the first branch flow path 227.
- the flow path forming member 2 32 is formed of a substantially cylindrical member having flexibility, and has one end fixed to the inner wall of the housing 41 and the other end fixed to the back side of the second biston 201. ing.
- the flow path forming member 2 32 is configured to follow the advance and retreat of the second piston 201 and expand and contract in the advance and retreat direction.
- the channel forming member 232 is inserted into the second panel 202.
- the first flow control mechanism 18 1 has the first mainstream gas chamber 2 2 2 Pressure P 4 1 First branch gas chamber 2 2 6 Pressure P 5 i and the balance of the biasing force of the first spring 19 2 advance and retreat 1 dollar 6 1 through the 1st piston 19 1 Let it. That is, the first flow rate control mechanism 18 1 controls the flow rate of the new hydrogen gas passing through the nozzle 46 in accordance with the pressure difference between the new hydrogen gas pressure and the hydrogen off-gas pressure.
- the flow path (second flow path) for introducing new hydrogen gas to the first flow control mechanism 18 1 (the first main flow gas chamber 22 2) is mainly constituted by the main flow path 22 a.
- the first flow passage for guiding the hydrogen off-gas to the first flow control mechanism 18 1 (the first split gas chamber 22 26) is mainly composed of the first split flow channel 2 27 and the flow path forming member 23. 2 and a small diameter portion 2 1 2.
- the second mainstream gas chamber 234 mainly includes the surface side of the second biston 201, the side surfaces of the annular stepped portion 21 3 and the guide portion 221 opposed thereto, and the inner wall of the housing 41. And are defined by New hydrogen gas from the main flow path 22 a is introduced into the first main flow gas chamber 222 via a through flow path 236 formed through the guide portion 221. That is, the flow passage for introducing new hydrogen gas into the second main flow gas chamber 234 is mainly constituted by the main flow passage 22 a and the through flow passage 236.
- the second branch gas chamber 235 is mainly defined by a back surface of the second piston 201 and an inner wall of the housing 41 including a wall surface facing the second piston 201.
- the second diverting gas chamber 235 is provided with the above-mentioned second panel 202 and the flow path forming member 232.
- the mixed gas from the second branch channel 237 branched and connected to the mixing channel 22 b is introduced into the second branch gas chamber 235. That is, the flow passage for guiding the mixed gas to the second branch gas chamber 235 is mainly constituted by the second branch flow channel 237.
- the second flow control mechanism 1 8 2 controls the flow rate of the new hydrogen gas passing through the nozzle 46 in accordance with the pressure difference between the new hydrogen gas pressure and the mixed gas pressure.
- the relationship between the load of the fuel cell 2 and the first and second flow control mechanisms 181, 182 will be described separately for each flow control mechanism.
- the first flow control mechanism 1 8 1, P 4 i, the P 5 1 Contact Yopi first panel 1 9 2 biasing force Palance, Ru retracts the needle 61. Therefore, the opening area of the nozzle 46 increases, and the flow rate of the new hydrogen gas passing through the nozzle 46 increases.
- the second branch gas chamber 2 35 5 2 decreases the pressure P. Accordingly, the second flow control mechanism 1 8 2, the balance of P 4 2, P 5 2 and the second panel 2 0 2 with the force to retract the Needle 6 1. Therefore, the opening area of the nozzle 46 increases, and the flow rate of new hydrogen gas passing through the nozzle 46 increases.
- the flow rate control by the ejector 24 can be performed according to the differential pressure of the hydrogen gas supply system 4, and an appropriate amount of hydrogen gas can be appropriately supplied thereto according to the load of the fuel cell 2. Can be supplied.
- a wide range of controllability can be achieved.
- a new hydrogen gas and a hydrogen off-gas, and a new hydrogen gas and a mixed gas are used as a set of pressures constituting the differential pressure.
- the present invention is not limited to this. It goes without saying that there may be more than one.
- a new set of hydrogen gas and mixed gas may be used as a set of hydrogen off-gas and mixed gas.
- the flow control mechanism 47 of the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the needle 61 is advanced and retracted using the differential pressure of the hydrogen gas. ) To move the needle 61 forward and backward.
- the flow control mechanism 47 includes the accelerator pedal 241, the force of the needle 61, the piston 62 fixed to the proximal end of the needle 61, and the piston 62 to the accelerator pedal 2441. And a power transmission mechanism including wires 242 to be connected.
- the power transmission mechanism varies the amount of advance / retreat of the needle 61 via the piston 62 based on the amount of depression of the accelerator pedal 24 1.
- the flow control mechanism 47 changes the opening area of the nozzle 46 based on the depression amount of the accelerator pedal 241, it is possible to provide an electric actuator, a sensor, etc. An appropriate amount of gas can be supplied to the fuel cell 2 according to the load.
- New oxygen gas and oxygen off-gas from the compressor 15 are merged by the ejector 24, and the mixed gas after the merge is supplied to the fuel cell 2 via the humidifier 11.
- a check valve 25 1 is provided downstream of the humidifier 11, and oxygen off-gas is sucked into the ejector 24 through the check valve 25 1.
- the location of the ejector 24 is not limited to this, and may be, for example, downstream of the humidifier 11.
- the configuration of each of the above embodiments is used. Can do.
- the oxygen gas supply system 3 of the present embodiment can be provided with two flow passages (shunt flow passages 71, 81, 112, 227, 237, etc.) leading to the flow control mechanism 47 of the ejector 24. .
- the flow rate control by the ejector 24 can be performed autonomously on the mechanical structure without electrically.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/579,945 US8241808B2 (en) | 2004-05-28 | 2005-05-26 | Fuel cell system for supplying gas in accordance with load of the fuel cell |
DE112005001210T DE112005001210B4 (de) | 2004-05-28 | 2005-05-26 | Brennstoffzellensystem |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004-158697 | 2004-05-28 | ||
JP2004158697A JP4761181B2 (ja) | 2004-05-28 | 2004-05-28 | 燃料電池システム |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2005117181A1 true WO2005117181A1 (ja) | 2005-12-08 |
Family
ID=35451185
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2005/010086 WO2005117181A1 (ja) | 2004-05-28 | 2005-05-26 | 燃料電池システム |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8241808B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4761181B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100448084C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE112005001210B4 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005117181A1 (ja) |
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CN107448775A (zh) * | 2017-08-29 | 2017-12-08 | 赫普科技发展(北京)有限公司 | 一种氢能运输装置和运输方法 |
US11196060B2 (en) * | 2008-06-23 | 2021-12-07 | Nuvera Fuel Cells, LLC | Fuel cell stack with integrated process endplates |
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WO2010066462A1 (en) * | 2008-12-12 | 2010-06-17 | Ezelleron Gmbh | Fuel cell system with a flexible venturi system for selective, controllable operation |
JP4814965B2 (ja) | 2009-02-17 | 2011-11-16 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | エゼクタおよびこのエゼクタを用いた燃料電池システム |
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CN113280008A (zh) * | 2021-06-24 | 2021-08-20 | 顺德职业技术学院 | 一种环保能源汽车引流器 |
KR20240055079A (ko) * | 2021-09-13 | 2024-04-26 | 로베르트 보쉬 게엠베하 | 연료 전지 시스템의 애노드 회로 내의 애노드 기체를 재순환하기 위한 장치 및 방법, 연료 전지 시스템 |
DE102021129809B3 (de) | 2021-11-16 | 2023-03-02 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Strahlpumpe, Brennstoffzellensystem und Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Brennstoffzellensystems |
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-
2005
- 2005-05-26 WO PCT/JP2005/010086 patent/WO2005117181A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2005-05-26 US US11/579,945 patent/US8241808B2/en active Active
- 2005-05-26 DE DE112005001210T patent/DE112005001210B4/de active Active
- 2005-05-26 CN CNB2005800159267A patent/CN100448084C/zh active Active
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US8343680B2 (en) | 2006-11-16 | 2013-01-01 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Fuel cell system |
DE112007002775B4 (de) * | 2006-11-16 | 2020-03-26 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Brennstoffzellensystem |
US7687171B2 (en) * | 2007-12-13 | 2010-03-30 | Hyundai Motor Company | Multi-stage in-line cartridge ejector for fuel cell system |
US11196060B2 (en) * | 2008-06-23 | 2021-12-07 | Nuvera Fuel Cells, LLC | Fuel cell stack with integrated process endplates |
CN107448775A (zh) * | 2017-08-29 | 2017-12-08 | 赫普科技发展(北京)有限公司 | 一种氢能运输装置和运输方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE112005001210B4 (de) | 2010-07-22 |
US20080199746A1 (en) | 2008-08-21 |
CN1954454A (zh) | 2007-04-25 |
DE112005001210T5 (de) | 2007-04-26 |
US8241808B2 (en) | 2012-08-14 |
JP2005340047A (ja) | 2005-12-08 |
CN100448084C (zh) | 2008-12-31 |
JP4761181B2 (ja) | 2011-08-31 |
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