WO2005114112A2 - Bestimmung des empfangszeitpunkts eines ultraschallsingals mittels pulsformerfassung - Google Patents
Bestimmung des empfangszeitpunkts eines ultraschallsingals mittels pulsformerfassung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005114112A2 WO2005114112A2 PCT/EP2005/051761 EP2005051761W WO2005114112A2 WO 2005114112 A2 WO2005114112 A2 WO 2005114112A2 EP 2005051761 W EP2005051761 W EP 2005051761W WO 2005114112 A2 WO2005114112 A2 WO 2005114112A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- time
- signal
- ultrasonic
- ultrasound
- receiving unit
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
Definitions
- the invention relates to an ultrasonic flow sensor according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and a method for determining the time of reception of an ultrasonic signal according to the preamble of patent claim 7.
- Ultrasonic flow sensors are used in particular to measure the volume or mass flow or the flow rate of a gaseous or liquid medium flowing through a pipeline.
- a known type of ultrasound flow sensor comprises two ultrasound transducers arranged offset in the flow direction, each of which generates ultrasound signals and emits them to the other ultrasound transducer.
- the ultrasonic signals are received by the other transducer and evaluated using electronics.
- the transit time difference between the signal in the flow direction and the signal in the opposite direction is a measure of the flow velocity of the fluid.
- the desired measurement variable e.g. a volume or mass flow can be calculated.
- Fig. 1 shows a typical arrangement of an ultrasonic flow sensor with two ultrasonic transducers A, B, which are arranged within a pipe 3 and face each other at a distance L.
- a fluid 1 flows in the pipeline 3 at a speed v in the direction of the arrow 2.
- the measuring section L is opposite to the
- the ultrasonic transducers A, B send each other ultrasonic signals that are either slowed or accelerated by the flow, depending on the direction.
- the transit times of the sound signals are a measure of the flow velocity to be determined.
- Fig. 2 shows a highly simplified schematic representation of a transducer arrangement with an associated control and evaluation electronics 4.
- the flow sensor can e.g. work according to the so-called "sing-around" process.
- the reception of an ultrasonic signal AO or B0 at one of the transducers A, B triggers an ultrasonic signal in the opposite direction.
- the "reception time" of the signal A0, B0 is defined here as the first zero crossing No of the signal after the signal amplitude Amp has a predetermined threshold value SW (the so-called pretrigger
- the time to would be the time of reception of the signal. (Alternatively, the reception time of the signal could also be determined differently, e.g. by evaluating the phase of the signal.)
- Contamination, drifting or aging of the ultrasonic transducers, or turbulence in the flowing fluid can lead to the amplitude of the ultrasonic signals A0, B0 varying greatly.
- the zero crossing detection is hardly impaired, since the same zero crossing (based on the entire signal) is always detected as the reception time and the frequency of the signal remains essentially the same.
- the amplitude of the half-wave lying before the time to falls below the threshold value SW incorrect measurements of the time of reception can occur, since the
- the ultrasound signal then exceeds the threshold value SW at a later point in time and thus an incorrect zero crossing is detected as the reception time.
- the receiving unit 4 shows the signal curve of the ultrasonic signal A0, B0 or converter output signal 5 with a reduced amplitude Amp. This signal only exceeds the fixed threshold value SW at a later point in time. In this case, the receiving unit 4 determines the zero crossing Ni and thus an incorrect zero crossing N as the reception time t o of the ultrasonic signal A0, B0.
- An essential aspect of the invention is the point in time of the form of the ultrasound signal characteristic size (eg the time of the maximum
- a reception time e.g. a zero crossing
- the time shift between the reference time and the reception event remains unchanged as long as the threshold lies between the same two amplitudes of the ultrasound signal. If the amplitude of the ultrasound signal or the associated transducer output signal changes so strongly that the threshold lies between two other amplitudes of the signal, the time difference between the characteristic quantity and the detected reception event changes suddenly. This can be recognized by the receiving unit of the ultrasonic flow sensor and the time of reception can be corrected accordingly.
- the characteristic quantity is preferably a quantity which is independent of the signal amplitude, e.g. the time of the maximum amplitude, the signal center of gravity or the center of gravity of the envelope.
- the point in time of the center of gravity of the envelope curve determines the reference point in time.
- the temporal focus of the envelope can e.g. can be calculated in a processor unit according to the following relationship:
- the receiving unit comprises a device for determining the maximum amplitude of the ultrasound signal.
- the characteristic quantity is the maximum amplitude of the ultrasound signal.
- the choice of the maximum amplitude of the ultrasound signal as the reference point in time provides the same result as the choice of the center of gravity of the envelope, provided that the position of the maximum amplitude does not change relative to the other amplitudes. However, if the position of the maximum amplitude shifts relative to the other amplitudes, incorrect measurements can occur since the time interval between the detected reception time to and the reference time changes by n * 2pi.
- the receiving unit preferably comprises a comparator, at the input of which the transducer output signal generated by the ultrasonic transducer and a reference signal (e.g. a threshold voltage) are present, the receiving unit providing information about the reference time (e.g. time of the maximum amplitude or the center of gravity of the comparator) from the output signal of the comparator Envelope curve).
- a comparator at the input of which the transducer output signal generated by the ultrasonic transducer and a reference signal (e.g. a threshold voltage) are present, the receiving unit providing information about the reference time (e.g. time of the maximum amplitude or the center of gravity of the comparator) from the output signal of the comparator Envelope curve).
- the reception event is preferably a zero crossing, but can also be another predetermined criterion.
- the receiving unit is preferably able to correct the reception time depending on its position in time at the reference time.
- 1 shows an ultrasonic flow sensor known from the prior art with two ultrasonic transducers; 2 shows an ultrasonic flow sensor with associated control and reception circuit;
- Receiving time to an ultrasonic signal A0, B0 by means of zero crossing detection is detected as the reception time to.
- a predetermined threshold value SW is detected as the reception time to.
- another event e.g. exceeding a threshold value, could also be defined as a reception event.
- the receiving unit 4 (FIG. 2) also determines the time to of the maximum signal amplitude Amp max and the time difference ⁇ t between the reception time to and the time ti. (You can also choose the time of another characteristic quantity, for example the time of the center of gravity of the envelope curve 6 can be determined as the reference time ti.)
- the incorrect zero crossing (here Ni) is detected as the reception time t 0 .
- the time difference ⁇ t changes abruptly by integral multiples of 1 / f or 1 / (2f), where f is the ultrasound frequency. This is recognized by the reception unit 4 and the reception time to is corrected accordingly.
- FIG. 5 shows a known logic circuit for zero crossing detection, with which the reception time to can be determined.
- the circuit comprises a first comparator 10, at whose input (-) the ultrasound signal US or the corresponding converter output signal 5 is present, and at whose other input (+) a threshold voltage U sw is supplied as a reference.
- the output of the comparator 10 always goes into the "high" state when the amplitude of the ultrasonic signal A0, B0 exceeds the reference voltage U sw . From the duration of the high phases, the
- Time of the maximum amplitude Amp max can be determined.
- the second comparator 11 of FIG. 5 is used for zero crossing detection.
- the second comparator 11 receives the ultrasound signal US at its positive input (+) and a corresponding reference voltage (here 0V) at its negative input (-).
- the output signal K 1, K 2 of the comparators 10, 11 is shown in FIG. 6.
- FIG. 6 shows the pulse-width-modulated output signal Ki of the first comparator 10.
- the individual high phases of the signal Ki can be stored and evaluated, for example, in different counters.
- the longest high phase indicates the maximum amplitude Ampmax of the ultrasonic signal A0 or B0.
- the comparator output signal could be processed further analog or digital or evaluated arithmetically. For example, a cross-correlation of different output signals Ki could be carried out.
- the center of gravity T s of the envelope curve 6 of the ultrasonic signal A0, B0 is used as a characteristic variable which is set in relation to the detected reception time to.
- the temporal focus of the envelope 6 can be determined, for example, from the following relationship:
- k is a running index, which is the number of positive half-waves of the ultrasound signal after the
- Threshold value SW describes.
- a (k) is the amplitude of the kth half-wave after the threshold value has been exceeded (trigger time).
- a (k) Since a higher amplitude A (k) also results in a larger high time of the first comparator 10, A (k) can be replaced by the high time of the signal Ki in a rough but sufficiently good approximation.
- the first sum of the aforementioned equation can be implemented without arithmetic functions, for example by means of a counter, the clock input of which is enabled by the high level of the pulse-width-modulated comparator output signal Ki.
- the multiplication by the running index k can be achieved without arithmetic, by increasing or decreasing the clock frequency of the counter every half wave.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP05733644A EP1754025A2 (de) | 2004-05-22 | 2005-04-21 | Bestimmung des empfangszeitpunkts eines ultraschallsingals mittels pulsformerfassung |
JP2007517225A JP4976287B2 (ja) | 2004-05-22 | 2005-04-21 | パルス波形検出による超音波信号の受信点検出 |
US10/591,897 US8744785B2 (en) | 2004-05-22 | 2005-04-21 | Determination of a reception time of an ultrasonic signal by means of pulse shape detection |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102004025243A DE102004025243A1 (de) | 2004-05-22 | 2004-05-22 | Bestimmung des Empfangszeitpunkts eines Ultraschallsignals mittels Pulsformerfassung |
DE102004025243.2 | 2004-05-22 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2005114112A2 true WO2005114112A2 (de) | 2005-12-01 |
WO2005114112A3 WO2005114112A3 (de) | 2006-04-13 |
Family
ID=35134139
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2005/051761 WO2005114112A2 (de) | 2004-05-22 | 2005-04-21 | Bestimmung des empfangszeitpunkts eines ultraschallsingals mittels pulsformerfassung |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8744785B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1754025A2 (de) |
JP (1) | JP4976287B2 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102004025243A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2005114112A2 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102967334A (zh) * | 2012-09-26 | 2013-03-13 | 朱作行 | 利用对信号包络线处理测量流体流量的系统及方法 |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4904098B2 (ja) * | 2006-07-05 | 2012-03-28 | Jfeアドバンテック株式会社 | 物理量測定装置及び超音波式流量測定装置 |
DE102008019991B4 (de) * | 2008-04-21 | 2015-10-22 | Mib Gmbh Messtechnik Und Industrieberatung | Konzentrationsbestimmungsverfahren und Messgerät |
EP2182349A1 (de) * | 2008-10-28 | 2010-05-05 | Axsensor AB | Verfahren zur Festlegung des Startzeitpunkts einer periodischen Signalantwort |
DE202011005427U1 (de) * | 2011-04-19 | 2012-07-20 | Acam-Messelectronic Gmbh | Vorrichtung zum Messen der Laufzeit eines Ultraschallsignals in einer strömenden Flüssigkeit |
JP6101020B2 (ja) * | 2012-08-29 | 2017-03-22 | 日立オートモティブシステムズメジャメント株式会社 | 超音波流量計 |
FR3068126B1 (fr) * | 2017-06-27 | 2019-08-30 | Sagemcom Energy & Telecom Sas | Procede de mesure d'une vitesse d'un fluide |
CN108548578B (zh) * | 2018-03-29 | 2020-01-03 | 中国计量大学 | 一种基于自适应阈值的超声波回波信号特征峰识别方法 |
JP7298186B2 (ja) * | 2019-02-26 | 2023-06-27 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 超音波計測装置、及び超音波計測方法 |
CN111157066B (zh) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-11-20 | 浙江大学 | 基于第一包络重合度的气体超声流量计渡越时间计算方法 |
CN112833999A (zh) * | 2021-03-04 | 2021-05-25 | 宁波水表(集团)股份有限公司 | 一种超声水表的快速校表方法 |
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US4022058A (en) | 1975-08-07 | 1977-05-10 | Brown Alvin E | Apparatus for determining the arrival time of alternating signals |
US5639971A (en) | 1996-10-04 | 1997-06-17 | Dieterich Technology Holding Corp. | Method and apparatus for detecting a signal |
EP0829734A2 (de) | 1996-09-11 | 1998-03-18 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Messung der Laufzeitdifferenz eines elektrischen, elektromagnetischen oder akustischen Signals |
EP1211488A2 (de) | 2000-11-27 | 2002-06-05 | Tokyo Keiso Kabushiki-Kaisha | Nach dem Laufzeitprinzip arbeitender Ultraschall-Durchflussmesser |
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US4542656A (en) * | 1982-11-30 | 1985-09-24 | Bestobell Sparling Limited | Fluid flow monitoring |
US4603589A (en) * | 1983-12-27 | 1986-08-05 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Ultrasonic flowmeter |
JPS60187815A (ja) | 1984-03-07 | 1985-09-25 | Toshiba Corp | 流量測定装置 |
GB2156985B (en) * | 1984-04-02 | 1987-06-24 | Teltec Electronic Equip | Apparatus for measuring movable part-structures, eg blood vessels, within a living body |
US4583410A (en) * | 1984-05-29 | 1986-04-22 | Nusonics, Inc. | Timing circuit for acoustic flow meters |
SE456279B (sv) * | 1986-09-16 | 1988-09-19 | Bost & Co Ab | Sett och anordning for att tidsbestemma en akustisk puls |
EP0262441B1 (de) * | 1986-09-30 | 1991-03-27 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Ultraschall-Phasendifferenzverfahren zur Messung hoher Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten |
US5035147A (en) * | 1990-02-09 | 1991-07-30 | Curtin Matheson Scientific, Inc. | Method and system for digital measurement of acoustic burst travel time in a fluid medium |
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FI88209C (fi) * | 1992-04-14 | 1993-04-13 | Kytoelae Instrumenttitehdas | Foerfarande och anordning vid akustisk stroemmaetning foer att foersaekra sig om den funktionsfoermaoga |
US5633715A (en) * | 1994-05-20 | 1997-05-27 | Wyko Corporation | Centroid approach for estimating modulation peak in broad-bandwidth interferometry |
US5793704A (en) * | 1996-12-13 | 1998-08-11 | Solid Scientific Research And Development Ltd. | Method and device for ultrasonic ranging |
SE9802762D0 (sv) * | 1998-08-19 | 1998-08-19 | Siemens Elema Ab | Zero crossing detector and method of determining a zero crossing point |
JP2003050145A (ja) * | 2001-08-08 | 2003-02-21 | Kansai Gas Meter Co Ltd | 超音波流速測定方法および装置 |
JP2003279396A (ja) | 2002-03-25 | 2003-10-02 | Kaijo Corp | 超音波流量計 |
JP2004069524A (ja) * | 2002-08-07 | 2004-03-04 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 流量計測装置 |
JP2005259985A (ja) | 2004-03-11 | 2005-09-22 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 光送信モジュール及びそれを用いた光送信器 |
-
2004
- 2004-05-22 DE DE102004025243A patent/DE102004025243A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2005
- 2005-04-21 EP EP05733644A patent/EP1754025A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2005-04-21 US US10/591,897 patent/US8744785B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-04-21 JP JP2007517225A patent/JP4976287B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-04-21 WO PCT/EP2005/051761 patent/WO2005114112A2/de active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4022058A (en) | 1975-08-07 | 1977-05-10 | Brown Alvin E | Apparatus for determining the arrival time of alternating signals |
EP0829734A2 (de) | 1996-09-11 | 1998-03-18 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Messung der Laufzeitdifferenz eines elektrischen, elektromagnetischen oder akustischen Signals |
US5639971A (en) | 1996-10-04 | 1997-06-17 | Dieterich Technology Holding Corp. | Method and apparatus for detecting a signal |
EP1211488A2 (de) | 2000-11-27 | 2002-06-05 | Tokyo Keiso Kabushiki-Kaisha | Nach dem Laufzeitprinzip arbeitender Ultraschall-Durchflussmesser |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102967334A (zh) * | 2012-09-26 | 2013-03-13 | 朱作行 | 利用对信号包络线处理测量流体流量的系统及方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102004025243A1 (de) | 2005-12-08 |
WO2005114112A3 (de) | 2006-04-13 |
US20070186680A1 (en) | 2007-08-16 |
JP2007538240A (ja) | 2007-12-27 |
JP4976287B2 (ja) | 2012-07-18 |
EP1754025A2 (de) | 2007-02-21 |
US8744785B2 (en) | 2014-06-03 |
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