WO2005110210A1 - 循環動態評価装置 - Google Patents
循環動態評価装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005110210A1 WO2005110210A1 PCT/JP2005/000671 JP2005000671W WO2005110210A1 WO 2005110210 A1 WO2005110210 A1 WO 2005110210A1 JP 2005000671 W JP2005000671 W JP 2005000671W WO 2005110210 A1 WO2005110210 A1 WO 2005110210A1
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- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 210000004204 blood vessel Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
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- 206010005746 Blood pressure fluctuation Diseases 0.000 description 9
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 9
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- 102100030851 Cortistatin Human genes 0.000 description 5
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- 206010003210 Arteriosclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 3
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/021—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels
- A61B5/022—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels by applying pressure to close blood vessels, e.g. against the skin; Ophthalmodynamometers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/7235—Details of waveform analysis
- A61B5/7239—Details of waveform analysis using differentiation including higher order derivatives
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a circulatory dynamics evaluation device, and more particularly to a measurement and analysis technique suitable for obtaining mechanical characteristics of a blood vessel.
- the oscillometric method which is one of the methods for measuring blood pressure, is that when an artery is compressed by a rolled cuff, minute oscillations (oscillation) occur in the cuff internal pressure due to the pulsation of the artery below the cuff.
- This is a method of measuring blood pressure by using the method.
- a cuff is usually wrapped around the upper arm as in the case of the auscultation method, the cuff pressure is raised to a level higher than the systolic blood pressure, and then the pressure is reduced.
- the blood vessel volume changes due to the pulsation of blood, and a slight pressure fluctuation occurs in the cuff according to the change in the blood vessel volume.
- the oscillometric method is a method of determining blood pressure by measuring this minute pressure fluctuation.
- the intima la and medial lb of blood vessel 1 contain many stretchable elastic fiber protein fibers, which are connected in random directions, and their elastic modulus is small and stretched. Rich in nature.
- the outer membrane lc of blood vessel 1 is composed of collagen fibers, which have higher mechanical strength than elastic fibers, but have extremely low extensibility.
- the structure of the blood vessel 1 is composed of a panel 2 having a large elastic modulus corresponding to the intima la and the medial lb, a flexible connecting member 3 corresponding to the adventitia lc, and a panel 4 having a small elastic modulus in series. Can be considered to be equivalent to the structure connected in parallel with the structure connected in parallel.
- the connecting material 3 In a region where the internal pressure 5 acting on the blood vessel 1 is relatively low, the connecting material 3 is in a loose state, and the outer membrane lc is not expanded, so that the extensibility of the blood vessel wall is reduced. It mainly depends on the elastic modulus of panel 2, ie the elastic properties of intima la and media lb.
- the extensibility of the blood vessel 1 is increased, and the blood vessel wall is greatly deformed in response to the change of the internal pressure 5, and the blood vessel volume is largely changed.
- the intima la and the medial lb are fully extended, and the connecting material 3 is in a stretched state. 4, determined by the elastic properties of the outer membrane lc. Therefore, the amount of deformation of the blood vessel wall with respect to the change of the internal pressure 5 decreases, and the amount of change in the blood vessel volume also decreases.
- FIG. 18 schematically shows the internal pressure-volume characteristics of a blood vessel, where the vertical axis shows the internal pressure of blood vessel 1 and the horizontal axis shows the blood vessel volume.
- the internal pressure-volume characteristic of the blood vessel shows a strong nonlinearity, and does not show a volume change proportional to the change of the internal pressure5. For this reason, even if the pulse pressure is equal, if the pressure acting on the blood vessel is different, the magnitude of the volume change caused by the pulse pressure also changes according to the pressure.
- FIG. 19 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the pressure difference between the inside and outside of a blood vessel and the volume of the blood vessel.
- FIG. 20 for example, when a body surface is pressed by a cuff, an external pressure is applied to the blood vessel through the body tissue, so that a pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the blood vessel is determined by the cuff pressure and the blood pressure. . Therefore, when the cuff pressure is gradually changed, the intensity of the pulse wave observed changes temporally as shown in FIG. 21, and as a result, a pulse wave amplitude pattern as shown in FIG. 22 is obtained. .
- FIG. 24 shows the characteristics of normal blood vessels classified into basic pattern A
- FIGS. 25 and 26 show the characteristics of blood vessels with advanced arteriosclerosis classified into basic pattern C
- 7 shows the characteristics in the case of an arrhythmia classified as the basic pattern D
- FIG. 28 shows the characteristics in the case of a heart disease such as a heart disease classified as the basic pattern E.
- the arterial stiffness state is analyzed using the fact that the internal pressure-volume characteristics of the blood vessels show a high correlation with the degree of arterial hardening.
- Methods and apparatuses that is, various techniques for obtaining an index of arteriosclerosis based on a change in the shape of a pulse wave have been proposed (for example, see Patent Documents 2 to 4 below).
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent No. 3470121
- Patent document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-33232.
- Patent Document 3 JP-A-7-124129
- Patent Document 4 JP 2001-104258 A
- a circulatory dynamic evaluation device of the present invention includes a pulse wave detecting unit that detects a pulse wave in a state where an external pressure is applied to a blood vessel, and a pulse wave corresponding to an external pressure based on a detection value of the pulse wave detecting unit.
- a pulse wave amplitude pattern forming means for forming a pulse wave amplitude pattern showing amplitude-dependent characteristics, and a pattern portion including an envelope of at least a part of the pulse wave amplitude pattern, and the specified pattern.
- a pattern shape matching means for matching the shape of the polygonal outline pattern to the part, and a circulatory dynamic index for the mechanical characteristics of the blood vessel and the Z or cardiac ejection characteristics based on the alignment shape of the outline pattern.
- the outline pattern of the polygon is matched with the pattern portion including the envelope of the pulse wave amplitude of a part of the pulse wave amplitude pattern, and the shape of at least a part of the pulse wave amplitude pattern is changed to a polygonal shape. Therefore, since the feature of the pattern shape of the pulse wave amplitude pattern can be extracted as a whole in the matching range of the shape, the influence of the noise component can be reduced. In addition, since the features of the pulse wave amplitude pattern pattern shape are represented by polygonal outline patterns, the pulse wave amplitude pattern is compared with the case where a circulatory dynamic index is derived based on pulse wave amplitude point information as in the past.
- the area of the outline pattern is equal to the area of the specified pattern portion of the pulse wave amplitude pattern and the like.
- the area of the specified pattern portion of the pulse wave amplitude pattern equal to the area of the rough pattern whose shape is to be matched to this portion.
- the accuracy of the hemodynamic indicators can be further improved.
- the area of the specified pattern portion equal to the area of the rough pattern, the number of matching parameters in performing the matching process of the shape of the rough pattern is reduced, so that the matching process is easily performed. I'm sorry to see you.
- a cuff that presses against the body surface can be used as a means for applying external pressure to the blood vessel.
- the present invention relates to a pressure band that tightens by shortening the length around the arm.
- the cuff is not limited to the cuff as long as the external pressure can be reduced to the blood vessel.
- the pulse wave detecting means is not limited to a pressure sensor that detects the cuff pressure, and may be configured by a pressure sensor installed on the body surface or the like.
- the general pattern may be configured to be matched to the entire pulse wave amplitude pattern, or may be configured to be matched to a part of the pulse wave amplitude pattern. , May be.
- the polygonal outline pattern is a basic configuration of the pattern shape to be matched with the pulse wave amplitude pattern.For example, only the number of angles is determined, such as a triangle, a quadrangle, a pentagon, and a trapezoid. In addition to the number of corners, such as a shape where a triangle and a rectangle are joined, other conditions (intersection angle range of adjacent sides, range of side length, The shape may be a schematic shape in which the parallelism between sides not to be determined is determined. In each case, the general pattern must have at least one degree of freedom.
- a plurality of polygonal outline patterns such as basic patterns A to E shown in FIG. 23 may be used.
- a pentagonal outline pattern is used.
- a simpler (smaller) shape such as a triangle or a trapezoid can be used as the general pattern. .
- a more specific circulatory dynamic evaluation device of the present invention includes a pulse wave detecting means for detecting a pulse wave in a state where an external pressure is applied to a blood vessel, and a pulse wave amplitude corresponding to an external pressure based on a detection value of the pulse wave detecting means.
- Pattern forming means for forming a pulse wave amplitude pattern showing the dependence characteristic of the pulse wave amplitude, and a pattern portion including an envelope of the pulse wave amplitude in which the pulse wave amplitude pattern is limited by setting a lower limit to the value of the pulse wave amplitude.
- the lower limit value is set for the value of the pulse wave amplitude
- the outline pattern is matched to the upper part of the pulse wave amplitude pattern, and the characteristics of the change shape at the part where the maximum value of the pulse wave amplitude is obtained can be extracted. It is possible to derive a circulatory dynamic index that objectively indicates the mechanical properties of the intima and especially the elastic properties of the intima and media.
- the mechanical properties of blood vessels can be objectively measured by the matched top shape of the trapezoid (such as the upper base width w and width W described later). It is possible to obtain easily and accurately the circulatory dynamics index that is shown.
- the above-mentioned lower limit is 40% or more and 90% or less of the maximum value of the pulse wave amplitude. If the lower limit is not set too small, it is less likely that the area of the pulse wave amplitude pattern detected in the state where the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the blood vessel is large is included in the part where the outline pattern should be matched. It is easier to obtain circulatory dynamic indicators that accurately reflect the mechanical properties of the intima and media of blood vessels. If the lower limit is not set too large, the possibility of deriving a circulatory index based only on the shape near the peak of the pulse wave amplitude pattern is reduced. The accuracy of the indicator is improved.
- the rough pattern is a trapezoidal pattern in which the width of the bottom of the specified pattern portion of the pulse wave amplitude pattern is defined as the lower base width, and the maximum value of the specified pattern portion of the pulse wave amplitude pattern is defined as the height. It is preferable that According to this, since the lower base width and height of the trapezoidal outline pattern are easily and uniquely determined, the area of the trapezoidal outline pattern is made the same as the area of the specified pattern portion of the pulse wave amplitude pattern. By doing so, the upper bottom width can also be easily obtained, so that the pattern matching processing can be easily performed.
- the circulatory dynamic index is derived based on the upper base width of the matching shape of the outline pattern.
- the upper base width of the trapezoidal outline pattern indicates a range that can be regarded as a flat part in the pulse wave amplitude pattern, so that the circulatory dynamic index is derived based on the upper base width.
- the elastic properties of the intima and media of blood vessels can be accurately represented.
- the circulatory dynamics index may be the value of the upper base width itself, or may be a value obtained by calculating another parameter on the upper base width.
- the circulatory dynamic index is a rough pattern rather than an upper bottom position in the rough pattern.
- it is derived based on the width of the position shifted downward by a predetermined percentage of the height of the turn.
- the width at the position where the height is reduced by a predetermined ratio from the upper bottom position, which is not the top width of the outline pattern itself is calculated, and based on this width, the circulation dynamics index is derived. This can reduce the influence of noise near the peak of the pulse wave amplitude pattern.
- the top width of the approximate pattern may be extremely small (0 in some cases).
- the predetermined ratio is set within a range of 110%. If the predetermined ratio force is not too small, the above effect can be easily obtained, and if the predetermined ratio is not too large, the shape near the top and bottom of the trapezoidal rough pattern with respect to the circulatory dynamics index is reduced. It becomes easy to reflect. Within the above range, it is possible to reduce the influence of noise and to accurately derive a circulatory dynamic index according to the shape of the pulse wave amplitude pattern portion.
- the circulatory dynamic index is an upper base width of the trapezoidal outline pattern or an outline of a position shifted from the upper base position of the outline pattern by a predetermined ratio of the height of the outline pattern. It is preferably derived based on the pressure difference of the external pressure corresponding to the width of the shape pattern. According to this, the amplitude value and time width of the pulse wave amplitude pattern are greatly affected by the measurement state, and therefore, the upper base width ⁇ the predetermined ratio of the height of the general pattern to the upper base position in the general pattern. However, the width of the position shifted downward only is also affected by the measurement state, but the corresponding pressure difference of the external pressure (such as cuff pressure) is hardly affected by the measurement state. By deriving the dynamic index, the objectivity of the cyclical index can be enhanced.
- the present invention based on the area other than the overlapping range between the specified pattern portion of the pulse wave amplitude pattern and the matching shape of the general pattern (that is, the area of the portions deviating from each other), It is preferable to further include a pattern determination unit that derives an accuracy index of the matching shape of the shape pattern or the circulatory dynamic index. According to this, it is possible to know the degree of matching between the specified pattern portion of the pulse wave amplitude pattern and the approximate pattern in the form of an accuracy index. It is possible to clearly understand the power of the reliability of the hemodynamic indicators.
- the pattern shape matching means recalculates the matched shape of the approximate pattern by changing the range of the specified pattern portion if the accuracy index is out of the allowable range.
- the outline pattern may be formed again after changing the lower limit.
- the accuracy index is out of the allowable range, the value of the circulatory dynamic index is unreliable, so by re-setting the range of the pulse wave amplitude pattern to match the outline pattern, It is possible to obtain a high (ie, small accuracy index) hemodynamic index.
- the present invention it is preferable to further include a pattern display means for displaying at least the specified pattern portion of the pulse wave amplitude pattern and the matching shape of the outline pattern in a superimposed manner.
- the pattern display means displays at least the specified portion of the pulse wave amplitude pattern and the outline pattern in a superimposed manner, so that the pattern matching state can be visually grasped. It is possible to clearly verify the validity of the hemodynamic indicators.
- the pulse wave amplitude pattern forming means sorts the data in the pulse wave amplitude data sequence derived based on the detection value of the pulse wave detecting means on a predetermined basis, Preferably, an amplitude pattern is formed.
- an amplitude pattern is formed.
- the pulse wave amplitude data sequence derived based on the detection value of the pulse wave detecting means is used as it is to measure the pulse.
- errors are likely to occur in the derived circulatory dynamics index.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an entire configuration of an embodiment of a circulatory dynamics evaluation device.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart showing an operation procedure of an operation program of the embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing a relationship between a pulse wave amplitude pattern and a schematic pattern according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart showing an analysis process of the embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic view (a)-(c) showing different shapes of the outline pattern of the embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory graph of a pattern standardization process according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is an explanatory graph of a pattern area matching process according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory graph of a pattern shape matching process according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a graph for explaining an accuracy index RA of a pattern matching shape according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is an explanatory graph of a pattern matching shape accuracy index RB of the embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is an explanatory graph of a pattern matching shape accuracy index RC of the embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is an explanatory graph of a process of deriving a width W ′ according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is an explanatory graph of a process for obtaining a circulatory dynamic index RX according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a view showing a display screen of an analysis result according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is a graph showing the age dependency of ASI.
- FIG. 16 shows a pulse train amplitude data train.
- FIG. 16 (a) shows a pulse wave amplitude data train obtained when blood pressure fluctuations due to a subject's respiration or body movement occur during blood pressure measurement.
- Graph (b) shows the state after rearranging the data in the pulse wave amplitude data sequence obtained when blood pressure fluctuations occur due to the subject's respiration or body movement during blood pressure measurement.
- C shows an ideal pulse wave amplitude data sequence obtained when blood pressure fluctuations due to the subject's breathing and body movement do not occur and there is no noise during blood pressure measurement.
- Graph shows a pulse train amplitude data train.
- FIG. 17 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the structure of a blood vessel.
- FIG. 18 is a graph showing the relationship between the internal pressure of blood vessels and the volume of blood vessels.
- FIG. 19 is a graph showing the relationship between the pressure difference between inside and outside blood vessels and the volume of blood vessels.
- FIG. 20 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between pressurization by a cuff and a pressure difference between inside and outside blood vessels.
- FIG. 21 is an explanatory diagram showing a change in a pulse wave shape due to a relationship between a pressure difference between a blood vessel inside and outside and a blood vessel volume.
- FIG. 29 is a graph showing the pressure dependence of the internal pressure-volume characteristics of blood vessels and the degree of expansion of blood vessels. Explanation of symbols
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a schematic configuration of an embodiment of a circulatory dynamics evaluation device according to the present invention.
- the explanation will also include the circulatory dynamics evaluation method.
- This circulatory dynamics evaluation device consists of a cuff for compressing a blood vessel (artery) of a living body, that is, an inflatable arm band 18, a diaphragm manometer for detecting cuff pressure, a strain sensor, and the like.
- Pressure detector 11 constant-speed exhaust means 16 composed of a flow control valve and a pressure reducing valve for discharging air from cuff 18, and a pressurizing pump for pressurizing the inside of cuff 18.
- the pressurizing means 17 are connected to each other via a pipe 15 composed of a resilient tube or the like.
- the pressure detector 11 detects the pressure in the cuff 18, that is, the cuff pressure, and outputs a detection signal representing the cuff pressure Pc to the pressure detection circuit 12.
- the pressure detection circuit 12 converts a detection signal of the pressure detector 11 (for example, AZD (analog-to-digital) conversion) and supplies the signal to a control unit 10 including an MPU (microprocessor unit).
- the pressure detector 11 and the pressure detection circuit 12 constitute a pressure detecting means 26, and the pressure detecting means 26 is a part of the pulse wave detecting means.
- the pulse wave detecting means is constituted by a force 18, a pressure detecting means 26, and an operation program executed by the control unit 10 described later.
- the control unit 10 includes a CPU (central processing unit) 13, a buffer memory 19 including a RAM (random access memory), and a storage memory 20 including a ROM (read only memory). In addition, internal noise and input / output circuits are provided as needed.
- the buffer memory 19 temporarily records the processing result of the operation program executed by the CPU 13.
- the storage memory 20 stores the above-described operation program, various set values, reference values, and the like.
- the control unit 10 includes an external operation unit 21 having an external operation member such as an operation switch, a display device 22 for visually displaying a processing result, and a printing device for recording the processing result on a medium such as paper.
- the device 23 is connected to an input / output terminal 24 for outputting a processing result and for inputting external data.
- control unit 10 may be configured by a simple arithmetic circuit which does not need to be configured by an MPU as described above.
- the detection system including the cuff 18 and the control system centered on the control unit 10 are configured as separate bodies, but the detection system and the control system may be configured separately.
- a detection device constituting a detection system and a control device constituted by a personal computer or the like may be used.
- a detection processing program that performs a detection process by executing an operation program and performs a force detection process that analyzes a detection result, and an analysis processing program that performs an analysis process on the detection result And may be prepared separately.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart showing an outline of an operation procedure of the operation program according to the present embodiment.
- the cuff 18 is wound around a site where the artery of the subject can be compressed.
- the place where the cuff 18 is wound may be any place such as an arm, an ankle, or a wrist as long as the artery can be compressed and the blood pressure can be measured.
- measurement is started (ST1), and the control section 10 supplies a drive signal to the pressurizing means 17 to pressurize the cuff 18 (ST2).
- the constant-speed exhaust means 16 is closed and the exhaust is stopped.
- the control section 10 ends the pressurization by the pressurizing means 17 (ST4).
- This target pressure is set to a pressure sufficiently higher than the subject's systolic blood pressure, for example, about 210 mmHg.
- the evacuation by the constant-speed evacuation unit 16 is started (ST5), and the cuff pressure is continuously detected by the pressure detection unit 26, and the cuff pressure of the control unit 10 is controlled. Recorded in 19 (ST6).
- the pressure detection circuit 12 sequentially samples the detection value from the pressure detector 11 at a predetermined sampling cycle, for example, at a time interval of 50 msec, and the cuff pressure corresponding to this detection value is stored in the buffer memory 19 of the control unit 10. Recorded in Is done.
- a pulse wave component is extracted based on the cuff pressure detected at this time (ST7), and the maximum value (peak value) of the pulse wave is detected and recorded (ST8). More specifically, the control unit 10 obtains a difference value of the supplied cuff pressure data, removes a component corresponding to the rate of decrease of the cuff pressure from the difference data sequence, and thereafter, the difference data is positive.
- the pulse wave amplitude is derived by integrating only those for each pulse wave. Then, the maximum peak value of the pulse wave amplitude is detected. Then, the maximum peak value of the pulse wave amplitude is recorded in the buffer memory 19 together with the value of the cuff pressure and the generation time thereof. Measurement of the cuff pressure falls below diastolic pressure decreased (ST9) and cuff pressure is terminated and the normal exhaust means 16 is quick exhaust is performed by being opened (ST10) o
- differential data is obtained by differentiating the detected cuff pressure data, and a value corresponding to the decreasing rate (slope) of the differential data force cuff pressure is removed.
- This is equivalent to forming differential data of a wave and integrating a positive value of this differential data for each pulse wave.
- Any value that has a positive correlation with the pulse wave intensity can be used as the pulse wave amplitude, for example, the peak value of the cuff pressure differential signal or differential signal can be used as it is. I don't care.
- the control unit 10 performs a smoothing process on the obtained pulse wave amplitude data sequence (ST11).
- the pulse wave amplitude value to be processed is “the current pulse wave amplitude value”
- the previous pulse wave amplitude value, the current pulse wave amplitude value, and the next pulse wave amplitude value are compared.
- it is determined whether or not the detected current pulse wave amplitude is a normal pulse wave amplitude value. If there is an abnormal pulse wave amplitude as compared with the preceding and following data, this pulse wave amplitude is removed and replaced with the average value of the preceding and following data.
- the pulse wave amplitude data sequence may be smoothed by performing a moving average on the pulse wave amplitude data sequence. As a result, abnormal data is removed from the pulse train amplitude data train, and fine fluctuation components due to noise are reduced.
- the pulse wave amplitude pattern P is formed as a pattern corresponding to the shape of the envelope of the pulse wave amplitude through interpolation processing between pulse wave amplitude data, smoothing processing, and the like. . Even in the case of V and deviation, the formed pulse wave amplitude pattern shows the dependence characteristic of the detected pulse wave intensity on the external pressure (force pressure) applied to the blood vessel.
- the pulse wave amplitude pattern takes an external pressure (cuff pressure) or a pressure difference between the inside and outside of a blood vessel on the X axis (horizontal axis), or a time in the present embodiment, and a time on the Y axis (vertical axis).
- This is a pattern represented by a graph when the pulse wave amplitude value is taken.
- the shape of the rough pattern matched to the pulse wave amplitude pattern by the method described later, the accuracy index of the shape of the rough pattern, the circulatory dynamic index derived from the shape of the rough pattern, etc. Is derived.
- the pulse wave detecting method by the pulse wave detecting means according to the present embodiment is not limited as long as the above-described pulse wave amplitude pattern can be obtained, so that the cuff pressure is gradually reduced as described above.
- the method is not limited to the method of detecting while the data is being measured, and the data may be measured by a method of detecting the pressure while gradually increasing the cuff pressure or a method of detecting the force while changing the force pressure arbitrarily.
- the value of the pulse wave amplitude and the external pressure at which this value was obtained are measured over a predetermined range on both sides of the mean blood pressure. I just need to.
- the blood pressure value, pulse rate, pulse wave amplitude pattern, shape of the matched rough pattern, accuracy index, circulatory dynamic index, and the like obtained by the above-described analysis processing are displayed on the display device 22.
- the data is printed by the printer 23 or output as data by the input / output terminal 24 (ST13).
- FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart showing the procedure for performing this series of processing.
- These processing contents include a pattern specifying process (for example, SST1 shown in FIG. 4) for specifying a pattern portion on which the pulse wave amplitude pattern force is to be processed, and a process for determining the area of the rough pattern by using the specified pattern portion (for example, SST1).
- the pattern area matching process is set to be the same as the area of the specific pattern portion.
- the lower limit value L of the pulse wave amplitude pattern P (the present embodiment) is reflected as a part reflecting the elastic characteristics of the intima la and the media lb of the blood vessel. Then, a pattern portion Q having a pulse wave amplitude equal to or larger than the maximum value (peak value) of the pulse wave amplitude pattern P (84%) is extracted.
- the lower limit L may be any value as long as the specific pattern portion Q includes a region in which the properties of the intima and the media of the blood vessel are reflected.
- the lower limit L is 40% of the above maximum value. Preferably it is in the range of 90%.
- the lower limit L is not set too small, the possibility that the specific pattern portion Q will include many portions other than the portion that reflects the elastic properties of the intima la and media lb of the target blood vessel is reduced, so that the final The degree of reflection of the above-mentioned elastic characteristics in the obtained circulatory dynamics index is improved. Conversely, if the lower limit L is not set too large, the specific pattern portion Q will not be narrowed, and the possibility of being greatly affected by noise or measurement error will be reduced. improves.
- the upper limit U of the specific pattern portion Q is equal to the maximum value of the pulse wave amplitude in the pulse wave amplitude pattern P.
- the upper limit U may be set to a value smaller than the maximum value of the pulse wave amplitude in the pulse wave amplitude pattern P (for example, within a range of 95 to 99% of the maximum value).
- any portion of the pulse wave amplitude pattern that is a pattern portion including the envelope of the pulse wave amplitude will be described.
- a specific pattern portion shown by a two-dot chain line in the drawing. The area where the pulse pressure increases during the process of decreasing the external pressure!
- the specific pattern portion Q ⁇ the area where the pulse wave amplitude decreases as the external pressure decreases.
- the X-axis (horizontal axis) dimension and the Y-axis (vertical axis) dimension of the specific pattern portion Q specified as described above are standardized.
- the range of the specific pattern portion Q on the X-axis and the range of the specific pattern portion Q on the Y-axis are set to have predetermined values.
- the size on the specific pattern portion Q of the pulse wave amplitude pattern P is normalized by setting the range on the X axis indicating time to 1000 and the range on the Y axis indicating pulse wave amplitude to 2000.
- the size of the standardized X-axis coordinate (see above) 1000) and the size of the Y-axis coordinate (2000 above) may be any values as long as they are constant.
- the pattern area of the specific pattern portion Q of the pulse wave amplitude pattern P standardized as described above is calculated. This pattern area is obtained by integrating the pattern shape (envelope) of the specific pattern portion Q over the entire X value.
- a rough pattern PE having the same area as the pattern area S is set as shown in FIG.
- the outline pattern PE is initially determined to be only a trapezoid, and its size and shape are not specified.
- the shape of the rough pattern PE whose basic shape elements have been determined as described above is more precisely matched to the shape of the specific pattern portion Q.
- an operation is performed to overlap the outline pattern PE so as to match the specific pattern portion Q as much as possible (SST3).
- the bottom bottom width L of the outline pattern PE is the same as the length of the bottom of the specific pattern portion Q on the X axis
- the bottom bottom of the pattern PE and the specific pattern portion Q It is arranged on the XY coordinate so that the bottom of the pattern coincides with the base, and the range on the X axis of the upper base at this time is adjusted so as to most closely match the upper shape of the specific pattern portion Q.
- the area is shifted left and right by a perpendicular (a line parallel to the Y axis) passing through the median of the lower base width L (the center position of the range on the X axis).
- the area Z of a portion where the general pattern PE (the first general pattern PE is PE ′) does not overlap with the specific pattern portion Q is obtained.
- the same processing as above is performed on the shape pattern PE ⁇ to obtain the above-mentioned area Z, and the position of the upper base is moved toward the side of the area where the area Z is small by half the predetermined amount, that is, ⁇ 2.
- the amount of movement of the upper base is gradually reduced to, for example, ⁇ 2 ⁇ ( ⁇ is a natural number indicating the number of processing times), that is, ⁇ 8, ⁇ / 16,.
- the consistency of the pattern ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ with respect to the specific pattern portion Q is improved, and finally the area ⁇
- the position of the upper bottom when the difference of the area is minimized is determined.
- the means in the control unit 10 that executes the pattern shape matching processing constitutes the pattern shape matching means.
- the initial shape of E can be appropriately set.
- the initial shape of the outline pattern may be a shape in which the upper base is arranged above the center of the lower base.
- the matching shape of the outline pattern PE obtained as described above is determined.
- the total area V is the area of the part where the rough pattern PE exists but the specific pattern part Q does not exist, and the area of the part where the specific pattern part Q exists but the rough pattern PE does not exist. And all are integrated.
- a value VZS obtained by dividing the total area V by the area S of the specific pattern portion Q is set as the accuracy index RA.
- the accuracy index RA indicates the overall degree of matching of the shape of the rough pattern PE matched as described above with respect to the specific pattern portion Q.
- the matching shape of the pattern PE is close to the shape of the specific pattern portion Q. Therefore, by looking at the value of the accuracy index RA, it is possible to grasp the accuracy of the overall matching shape of the outline pattern PE.
- the accuracy index RA when the accuracy index RA is not within the allowable range, that is, when the accuracy index RA is equal to or more than the reference value (for example, a value within the range of 5 to 10%), the characteristic of the pattern shape of the specific pattern portion Q The pattern is sufficiently expressed by the outline pattern PE, and it is determined that it is not (SST4), and the process returns to the pattern identification processing (SST1) again.
- the lower limit L is set to a value different from the previous value.
- the range of the specific pattern portion Q may be changed in another manner, such as by changing the upper limit U. ! / ,.
- it is most desirable to change the lower limit value L but the effect may be obtained by changing the upper limit value U.
- both the lower limit L and the upper limit U may be changed.
- the degree of distortion of the matching shape of the outline pattern PE is determined by the accuracy index RB described later (SST5).
- the general pattern PE is largely distorted to the left and right, it is highly possible that the pattern shape of the specific pattern portion Q deviates from the original pulse wave amplitude pattern shape for some reason such as noise.
- the rough pattern PE is bounded by the center point of the lower bottom width of the rough pattern PE (the center position of the range on the X-axis of the rough pattern PE) as a boundary.
- the accuracy index RB deviates from the allowable range described above, for example, waZwb deviates from the range of 0.8-1.2
- the range of the pattern portion Q for example, the lower limit L
- SST1 and the pattern shape matching process (SST2) are executed again.
- the accuracy index RC described later determines whether or not the degree of matching of the matching shape of the outline pattern PE is balanced on the left and right. Therefore, determination is made (SST6). Even if the matching shape of the rough pattern PE sufficiently reflects the pattern shape of the specific pattern part Q as a whole, if the matching degree lacks balance on the left and right, the rough pattern PE This is because it cannot be said that the matching shape of the above does not substantially reflect the pattern shape of the specific pattern portion Q.
- the area ca of the region where the outline pattern PE and the specific pattern portion Q do not overlap in the region, and the outline shape in the region The area cb of the portion where the pattern PE and the specific pattern portion Q do not overlap is determined, and the difference between the area ca and the area cb is used as the accuracy index RC.
- the above-described SST4 or SST5 Similarly, the lower limit value L is changed, and the pattern specifying process (SST1) and the pattern shape matching process (SST2) are executed again.
- the lower limit L may be changed in the same manner as in SST4.
- the ratio between the areas ca and cb may be used as the accuracy index RC.
- the above-described accuracy indices RA, RB, and RC are each determined, and the determination is performed. However, even if only one of the plurality of accuracy indices is determined, the deviation may be determined. Guess. Further, when at least one of the accuracy indices does not fall within the allowable range even if the processing is repeated to a certain extent as described above, for example, even if the number of times of the repetition processing reaches a predetermined number, the accuracy index falls within the allowable range. If not, the process proceeds to the next process, derives the following circulatory index according to the normal process, displays the value of the accuracy index, and reports that the accuracy of the circulatory index is low ( Display).
- the means inside the control unit 10 that executes the above processing contents constitutes the pattern determination means.
- the circulatory dynamics index is calculated based on the matching shape of the outline pattern PE (SST7).
- a value to be a circulatory dynamic index is derived from the matching shape of the trapezoidal outline pattern PE that reflects the pattern shape of the specific pattern portion Q of the pulse wave amplitude pattern P as described above.
- the circulatory dynamics index the upper base width W itself of the outline pattern PE matched as described above can be used, or the upper base width W can be obtained by performing a predetermined operation. .
- the upper base width W is a feature of the pattern shape near the maximum value of the pulse wave amplitude in the pulse wave amplitude pattern P, so that the mechanical characteristics of the blood vessels, especially the intima and media, This is because it is considered to reflect the elastic properties.
- Fig. 29 when hardening occurs in the intima and media of the blood vessel, a change occurs in the region where the internal / external pressure difference is small in the internal pressure-volume characteristics of the blood vessel. It can also be understood from the fact that the compliance (extensibility) of blood vessels is significantly reduced.
- the shape near the maximum value of the pulse wave amplitude in the pulse wave amplitude pattern P changes greatly, and a flat portion usually appears at a position near the maximum value of the pulse wave amplitude.
- the outline pattern PE is a triangle (that is, the upper base width W is 0).
- the height H of the general pattern PE is lowered by a predetermined ratio ⁇ y from the upper bottom position of the general pattern PE.
- h is the distance from the upper bottom position to the width position
- Sy hZH.
- S y is a force that can be set to an appropriate value. In the case of the present embodiment, it is preferable that it be in the range of ⁇ yltO. 01-0.10 (1-10%). If the value of S y is not too small, the effect of using the width W 'can be easily obtained. If the value of ⁇ y is not too large, information on the upper and lower widths W of the outline pattern PE is taken into the circulation index. This makes it easier to obtain an index that reflects the elastic properties of the intima la and the media 1b of the blood vessel.
- the pressure difference ⁇ Pc of the force Pc corresponding to the width is obtained as described above.
- the pressure difference ⁇ Pc of the cuff pressure corresponding to the width W ′ is obtained by converting the width W ′ into the pressure difference A Pc because the cuff pressure Pc is the external pressure value at the time of the pulse wave measurement. This is because an index that does not depend on measurement conditions such as the pumping speed can be obtained.
- the A Pc itself obtained in this manner or a constant multiple of this A Pc (for example, a number in the range of 2 to 100) is derived as a circulatory dynamic index ASI (arterial stiffness index).
- ASI is a trademark that is used by the applicant, as well as a term that indicates an index uniquely defined by the applicant.
- the means inside the control unit 10 that executes the above processing constitutes the index deriving means.
- each of the accuracy indices RA, The RB, RC, and circulatory dynamics index ASI are appropriately displayed on the display device 22, printed by the printer device 23, or output from the input / output terminal 24 to the outside.
- FIG. 14 shows an example of a display screen for displaying the above result.
- the hemodynamic index ASI of the present embodiment is an index based on the shape near the peak portion of the pulse wave amplitude pattern P, and as a result, the mechanical characteristics of the blood vessel, that is, the elastic characteristics of the intima and media are It is an indicator that indicates
- ASI A Pc ⁇ 10.
- the total accuracy index PRI is calculated by integrating the above-mentioned accuracy indices RA, RB, and RC while being appropriately weighted, and is displayed on the display screen shown in FIG.
- the total accuracy index PRI is an index indicating the degree of matching of the matching shape of the rough pattern PE with the pulse wave amplitude pattern.
- PRI a XRA + b XRB + c XRC
- a, b, and c are arbitrary coefficients.
- the overall accuracy index PRI can be obtained from any one or two of the above-mentioned accuracy indices RA, RB, and RC, and is not limited to the above-described embodiment.
- the display device 22 displays the outline pattern PE and the pulse wave amplitude pattern P (or the specific pattern portion Q) on the screen in a superimposed manner.
- the difference between the pattern shape of the pulse wave amplitude pattern P or the specific pattern portion Q thereof and the matching shape of the rough pattern PE can be visually grasped, and the matching shape of the rough pattern PE can be obtained. It is possible to visually grasp the validity of the ASI derived based on the hemodynamic index.
- each of the output devices described above simultaneously displays or outputs each blood pressure value (systolic blood pressure value Ps, average blood pressure value Pm, diastolic blood pressure value Pa) and pulse Pu.
- Yoko Sarako may provide means for classifying the pulse wave amplitude pattern P into one of the basic patterns shown in FIG. 23, and display or output the classification result Pattern.
- the process of classifying the pulse wave amplitude pattern P into the basic patterns A to E shown in FIG. 23 can be performed using various pattern recognition methods (for example, the method described in Patent Document 1). However, it can also be performed using the pattern area matching processing, the pattern shape matching processing, and the pattern determination processing according to the present invention.
- the outline patterns PE1 to PE3 shown in Fig. 5 are sequentially applied to the pulse wave amplitude pattern P, and the pulse wave With the same area as the amplitude pattern P, the shapes are matched in the same way as the pattern shape matching process described above, and the accuracy indices RA, RB, RC and the overall accuracy indicator PRI are calculated in the same manner as in the pattern determination process described above.
- the force that best fits any of the outline patterns is obtained. If the suitability for the outline pattern PE1 is the highest, the pattern is classified into either the basic pattern A or B according to the maximum value of the pulse wave amplitude, and the suitability for the outline pattern PE2 is the highest. In the case, it is classified into the basic pattern C, and if the conformity to the general pattern PE3 is the highest, it is classified into the basic pattern E. If the pulse wave amplitude pattern P does not conform to the general pattern of the deviation, If the above accuracy index or the overall accuracy index is out of the allowable range, it is classified into the basic pattern D.
- the general pattern PE is matched with the pattern shape of the specific pattern portion Q of the pulse wave amplitude pattern P, and then the circulatory dynamic index ASI is derived from the matching shape of the general pattern PE. I have to.
- the matching shape of the above-mentioned outline pattern PE is not expressed in the processing process, or is not explicitly shown in the processing result, substantially the same arithmetic processing is performed as a result. It is also possible to derive the circulatory dynamics index ASI as such, and such an embodiment is also included in the scope of the present invention.
- the specific pattern portion Q that is at least a part of the pulse wave amplitude pattern P is expressed as a matching shape of a preset rough pattern PE, and based on the matching shape of the rough pattern PE.
- the circulatory dynamic index ASI is determined, and since the area of at least a part of the pulse wave amplitude pattern P and the area of the outline pattern PE are the same, the pattern shape can be grasped as a whole and The matching process of the shape pattern PE can be easily performed, and an accurate and clear hemodynamic index ASI can be derived.
- the accuracy index RA, RB, RC or the overall accuracy index PRI of the matching shape of the rough pattern PE is determined by using the matching shape of the rough pattern PE and the pulse wave amplitude pattern P (specific pattern).
- the accuracy index RA, RB, RC or the overall accuracy index PRI of the matching shape of the rough pattern PE is determined by using the matching shape of the rough pattern PE and the pulse wave amplitude pattern P (specific pattern).
- the display device 22 displays the matching shape of the outline pattern PE and the pulse wave amplitude pattern P (pattern portion Q) in a superimposed manner.
- the visual clarification can clearly grasp the reliability of the ASI.
- FIG. 15 is a graph showing the age dependency of the value of the circulatory dynamic index ASI when measurement was performed on 158 outpatients. Although many outpatients take antihypertensive drugs, it is not always possible to judge circulatory dynamics by blood pressure alone, but the circulatory dynamics index ASI clearly has a correlation with age. In addition, it can be seen that the variability of the hemodynamic index ASI increases with age.
- the smoothing process (ST11) for the obtained pulse wave amplitude data sequence is performed when an abnormal pulse wave amplitude is present as compared with the preceding and following data.
- Power pulse wave data that has been removed by data replacement processing that removes the wave amplitude and replaces it with the average value of the preceding and following data, or by moving average processing that takes a moving average of the pulse wave amplitude data sequence A smoothing process may be performed on the pulse train amplitude data train by rearranging the data in the train.
- the smoothing process by rearranging the data will be described with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 16 shows a pulse train amplitude data sequence.
- FIG. 16 (a) shows pulse wave amplitude data obtained when blood pressure sway occurs due to the subject's respiration or body movement during blood pressure measurement. The graph in which the columns are left as is, (b) rearranges the data in the pulse train amplitude data train obtained when blood pressure fluctuations occur due to the subject's breathing and body movements during blood pressure measurement. The graph showing the later state, (c), shows the ideal pulse wave amplitude obtained when blood pressure fluctuations due to the subject's breathing and body movement did not occur and there was no noise during blood pressure measurement. 6 is a graph showing a data sequence.
- FIG. 16 (a) At the time of blood pressure measurement, as shown in FIG. 16 (a), blood pressure fluctuations occur due to the subject's respiration, body movement, etc., so the actual pulse wave amplitude data sequence is shown in FIG. At such a peak value, the calorie does not increase or decrease gradually. Therefore, there is an error in the derived hemodynamic index ASI. Therefore, the data in the pulse wave amplitude data sequence shown in FIG. 16 (a) is rearranged as shown in FIG. 16 (b), and the pulse wave amplitude data is smoothed. The effect of blood pressure sway caused by the blood pressure can be suppressed, and the accuracy of the hemodynamic index ASI can be further improved. As shown in FIG.
- the rearrangement of the pulse wave amplitude data is performed by using the maximum peak value dl of the pulse wave amplitude data as a boundary, as shown in FIG. 16 (b).
- the pulse wave amplitude data is rearranged so that the data value gradually increases toward the maximum peak value dl, and the latter half of the measurement (from the maximum peak value dl in Fig. 16 (b)).
- the pulse wave amplitude data is rearranged so that the data value gradually decreases from the maximum peak value dl.
- the pressure difference A Pc2 calculated after rearranging the pulse wave amplitude data is the ideal pulse wave amplitude compared to the pressure difference ⁇ Pel calculated without rearranging the pulse wave amplitude data.
- the value is closer to the pressure difference A PcO calculated based on the pattern.
- a dynamic index ASI can be obtained.
- the envelope, outline pattern PE, etc., necessary for deriving the circulatory dynamics index ASI are omitted.
- the above-described data replacement process is preferable to the moving average process, and is similar to the pulse wave amplitude process shown in FIG. 16 (b). It is possible to get a data string. In other words, the smoothing process performed by the data replacement process can obtain a more accurate circulatory dynamic index ASI than the smoothing process performed by the moving average process.
- the sorting criteria as described above, in addition to simply sorting in the order of the data value size, only those whose neighboring values exceed a certain value are sorted, or time is taken into account. Other criteria, such as sorting by force, can be used. Further, as the smoothing processing for the pulse train amplitude data sequence, both the processing by rearranging the data and the data replacement processing may be performed.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
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JP2004-145339 | 2004-05-14 | ||
JP2004145339A JP3626171B1 (ja) | 2004-05-14 | 2004-05-14 | 循環動態評価装置 |
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JP (1) | JP3626171B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100508878C (ja) |
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US7530954B2 (en) * | 2005-09-08 | 2009-05-12 | The Vlahos Family Trust | Method and apparatus for identifying the valid systolic blood pressure of a person with hardened arteries |
RU2309668C1 (ru) | 2006-02-20 | 2007-11-10 | Александр Сергеевич Парфенов | Способ неинвазивного определения функции эндотелия и устройство для его осуществления |
JP4839179B2 (ja) * | 2006-10-18 | 2011-12-21 | 敏明 中島 | 治療システム、治療装置、制御方法 |
JP5109027B2 (ja) * | 2007-03-30 | 2012-12-26 | 国立大学法人京都大学 | 血管状態評価装置、血管状態評価方法および血管状態評価プログラム |
JP5092707B2 (ja) * | 2007-11-15 | 2012-12-05 | オムロンヘルスケア株式会社 | 動脈硬化度判定装置 |
JP5098721B2 (ja) * | 2008-03-14 | 2012-12-12 | オムロンヘルスケア株式会社 | 血圧測定装置、血圧導出プログラムおよび血圧導出方法 |
US8057400B2 (en) | 2009-05-12 | 2011-11-15 | Angiologix, Inc. | System and method of measuring changes in arterial volume of a limb segment |
JP5152153B2 (ja) * | 2009-10-30 | 2013-02-27 | オムロンヘルスケア株式会社 | 電子血圧計 |
CN102894964B (zh) * | 2011-07-26 | 2014-08-20 | 深圳大学 | 一种无创血压测量方法和装置 |
JP5756926B2 (ja) * | 2011-07-27 | 2015-07-29 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 循環器機能測定装置 |
JP5842107B2 (ja) | 2011-10-19 | 2016-01-13 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 循環動態測定装置 |
DE102012007081B4 (de) | 2012-04-11 | 2015-04-02 | Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland Gmbh | Verfahren sowie Mess- und Recheneinheit zur langfristigen Überwachung der arteriellen Gefäßsteifigkeit und Gefäßkalzifikation eines Patienten |
JP6003470B2 (ja) * | 2012-09-25 | 2016-10-05 | オムロンヘルスケア株式会社 | 血圧測定装置、脈波検出方法 |
JP6003487B2 (ja) * | 2012-09-28 | 2016-10-05 | オムロンヘルスケア株式会社 | 血圧測定装置、血圧測定方法、血圧測定プログラム |
JP6191856B2 (ja) | 2013-03-18 | 2017-09-06 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 循環器機能演算装置 |
JP6226289B2 (ja) * | 2013-07-16 | 2017-11-08 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 循環器機能判定装置 |
SG11201705905UA (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2017-09-28 | Nitto Denko Corp | Method and apparatus for deriving mean arterial pressure of a subject |
JP6577821B2 (ja) * | 2015-10-19 | 2019-09-18 | 日本光電工業株式会社 | 脈波解析装置 |
JP6639185B2 (ja) * | 2015-10-19 | 2020-02-05 | 日本光電工業株式会社 | 脈波解析装置 |
CN105342590B (zh) * | 2015-11-02 | 2018-06-08 | 浙江漫思网络科技有限公司 | 一种基于示波法的血压包络的估计方法 |
JP5940725B1 (ja) | 2015-12-07 | 2016-06-29 | 山陽精工株式会社 | 血管弾性率評価装置 |
CN106618517B (zh) * | 2016-12-06 | 2020-12-08 | 山东大学 | 一种基于手臂位置变化的脉搏波评估动脉弹性功能的方法 |
RU189849U1 (ru) * | 2019-03-18 | 2019-06-06 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Реф-Мед" | Приставка к автоматическому тонометру для оценки жёсткости стенок артерий |
CN111248885A (zh) * | 2020-02-25 | 2020-06-09 | 深圳乐普智能医疗器械有限公司 | 一种上臂肱动脉的分析方法及装置 |
CN111227814B (zh) * | 2020-02-25 | 2023-06-09 | 深圳乐普智能医疗器械有限公司 | 一种动脉状态的分析方法及装置 |
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