WO2005107976A1 - 精密鋳造用プラスターモールドの乾燥・脱ロウ・焼成方法 - Google Patents
精密鋳造用プラスターモールドの乾燥・脱ロウ・焼成方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005107976A1 WO2005107976A1 PCT/JP2005/006044 JP2005006044W WO2005107976A1 WO 2005107976 A1 WO2005107976 A1 WO 2005107976A1 JP 2005006044 W JP2005006044 W JP 2005006044W WO 2005107976 A1 WO2005107976 A1 WO 2005107976A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- mold
- gypsum
- drying
- model
- plaster
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/12—Treating moulds or cores, e.g. drying, hardening
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
- B22C9/04—Use of lost patterns
- B22C9/043—Removing the consumable pattern
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for drying and dewaxing a gypsum mold in a plaster mold method of precision construction.
- the lost wax method is a wax with a sprue ⁇ Immerse the wax model in a slurry that is a dispersion liquid containing a refractory filler and colloidal silica ⁇ Dry and dry the first layer, and further immerse in a slurry ⁇ Sprinkle stucco and dry several times
- the wax model is covered with a fireproof coating. Then, the gate is heated downward to 150-300 ° C, the wax model is melted and discharged, and the remaining wax components are burned and burned off.
- the temperature is raised to around 1000 ° C and baked to convert the refractory coating layer into a ceramic, forming a high-strength ⁇ type with a hollow part similar to the wax model.
- the molten metal is poured with the gate facing upward, the mold is collapsed after cooling, and a metal body having a shape similar to a wax model is taken out and formed into a metal product by post-processing.
- a wax model with a sprue is placed in a mold, plaster is poured, and the wax model is buried in the gypsum and cured. After the plaster has hardened sufficiently, the mold force is released and allowed to dry naturally for several days. Next, the caloric temperature is raised to 150 to 250 ° C with the sprue downward, the wax model is melted and discharged, and the temperature is further raised to 300 to 750 ° C to burn the wax component remaining in the gypsum. It is burned down and a plaster mold with a model-shaped hollow part is manufactured.
- the lost wax method high melting point alloys such as titanium alloy, nickel alloy, cobalt alloy and steel are used.
- low melting point alloys such as A1 alloy 'Mg alloy ⁇ ⁇ alloy are used.
- the mold of the lost wax method is ceramic, and has high strength and heat resistance to withstand the precision structure of a high melting point alloy. ⁇ When the mold collapses, a strong impact is applied to the surface of the metal body, but the metal body has high strength and can be taken out with little damage.
- the plaster mold of the plaster mold method is gypsum, and does not have high strength and heat resistance enough to withstand the precision fabrication of a high melting point alloy.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method for manufacturing a large thin product.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a method for obtaining a gypsum mold.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a “method of manufacturing a metal structure using a stereolithography resin as a master” and a “method of manufacturing a mold for precision manufacturing and a model used therefor” disclosed in Patent Document 3.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-82211
- Patent Document 2 JP-A-9-66344
- Patent Document 3 JP 2002-153943 A
- the gypsum drying step requires the longest time among all steps in the precision artificial plaster mold method, as described above. This is the force required to dry sufficiently to the center of the gypsum mold for precision manufacturing. The intervals are getting longer and longer.
- the present invention provides a plaster mold manufacturing process in which a resin model (a) provided with a gate model is placed in a mold frame and plaster for precision molding is poured and hardened in the plaster molding method in precision molding. A), the mold is removed after the gypsum hardening, the mold is removed, and the depressurized state (I) is applied!
- the plaster mold (P) in which (a) is buried is heated stepwise with the gate (O) facing down ( ⁇ ), and the hot-melt decomposition liquefied component of the resin model (a) flows out from the gate (O)
- a drying 'dewaxing' firing method for a precision molding plaster mold comprising a dewaxing step (C) and a firing step (D) for burning and burning the resin model (a) and removing excess moisture from the gypsum. is there.
- the stepwise heating in the dewaxing step is desirably performed in a temperature zone of 250 ° C or lower.
- the resin model is heated at a temperature of 300 ° C to 750 ° C (a). It is desirable to burn off.
- the resin model (a) is desirably a polystyrene powder layered model.
- the resin model (a) may be a two-component reaction-curable polyurethane resin model containing a wax component (b) and Z or a plasticizer component (c).
- the reduced pressure state (I) is desirably a state in which the dry gas can flow into the space where the gypsum mold (P) is arranged from the pore capillary (CP). Further, it is desirable that the pressure in the space is in a temperature range of normal temperature to 80 ° C., and the pressure is in a pressure range of 200 mmHg to 750 mmHg.
- the stepwise heating (II) is performed such that the stepwise heating (II) is maintained for a predetermined time in a first temperature zone, and is maintained for a predetermined time in a second temperature zone higher than the first temperature zone by a predetermined value. It is desirable to go through the process.
- the first temperature zone is preferably 150 ° C. or lower
- the second temperature zone is preferably 150 ° C. to 250 ° C.
- the predetermined time is desirably at least 30 minutes.
- the wax component (b) contained in the resin model (a) is preferably a fine powder having a melting point of 50 to 130 ° C.
- plasticizer component (c) contained in the resin model (a) is desirably liquid at 0 ° C.
- the ability to quickly dry the gypsum mold in the entire precision manufacturing process is the rate-limiting for a short delivery time. It is necessary to dry off excess free water from the gypsum mold to remove the gypsum crystallization water. The long time required for water removal is to dry and remove excess free water.
- FIG. 1 is an overall perspective view of a model of a two-cylinder suction port used as an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which a two-cylinder suction port-shaped resin model with a sprue is installed in a mold, and a gypsum-water mixture is poured into the mold.
- FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a gypsum mold in which a two-cylinder suction port shape resin model is embedded.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a gypsum mold in which a two-cylinder suction port-shaped resin model is buried and subjected to reduced pressure heating and drying below a gate.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view in which a dewaxing step is performed in a heating furnace.
- a model is buried in a plaster mold and dried and 'dewaxed', so that the model itself is burned off.
- the plaster mold cannot be reused because the plaster mold collapses after implantation and the metal body is taken out and formed into a product.
- the same shape In order to manufacture a plurality of animal products, models corresponding to the number of products are required. Since each product produces a product similar to a model, the shape of the model must be tightly controlled and quality controlled.
- FIG. 1 is an overall perspective view of a model (M) of a two-cylinder suction port used as an example of the present invention.
- This 3D shape data was introduced into an optical molding machine, and an optical molding master model was manufactured. Next, it was inverted with silicon rubber to produce a silicon rubber split mold.
- a two-component reaction-curable urethane resin was vacuum-injected into the silicone rubber mold to prepare a two-cylinder suction port-shaped resin model (a).
- the overall perspective view of the created two-cylinder suction port shape resin model (a) is the same as FIG.
- the resin model for precision manufacturing (a) a resin that melts, melts, and burns out is most suitable.
- polystyrene fine powder beads are used and used.
- police made by powder additive manufacturing The Tylene model is made of a thermoplastic resin having a softening point of 150 to 200 ° C., and is softened and melted off in the dewaxing step (I).
- the heating conditions evolve, it is thermally degraded, decomposed, burned and burned. If burned sufficiently, the amount of ash remaining in the gypsum mold will be very small. A small amount of ash remaining in the model space in the gypsum mold can be easily removed by blowing air.
- a few models can be manufactured by powder additive manufacturing, but if tens or more models are manufactured, the occupation time of the modeling machine becomes longer.
- a dozen of duplicate resin models are produced by inverting the silicone rubber mold into a star model and vacuum-injecting the liquid resin into the silicone rubber mold. If a single master model is produced, it is not difficult to produce several hundred duplicated resin models (a) using multiple silicone rubber molds in a short period of time.
- the resin model (a) is additionally provided with a metal gate shape!
- the gate shape can be added as a three-dimensional solid model that is integrated with the resin model during powder additive manufacturing or stereolithography, or the gate model is manufactured in advance and the resin model (a) is attached with an adhesive. You may join them. Preferably, it is the quickest method to mold in an integrally added state.
- the duplicated resin model (a) uses and implements a two-component reaction-curable urethane resin.
- urethane resin has a heat resistance of about 80 ° C., is a resin which is easily degraded by heating, decomposed and melted, and has high suitability as a model for precision manufacturing.
- a wax component (b) and / or a plasticizer component (c) are compounded and used in the two-component reaction-cured urethane resin solution.
- the wax component (b) and / or the plasticizer component (c) are washed away, and the urethane resin is shrunk in a gypsum mold (P). ).
- the urethane resin is thermally decomposed and melted, part of which flows out, and part of which burns and burns off. If burned sufficiently, the amount of ash remaining in the gypsum mold (P) will be very small. A small amount of ash remaining on the model space in the plaster mold (P) can be easily removed by blowing air.
- the two-component reaction-curable resin is used as a replica material of an industrial prototype design model, and is excellent in its workability, curability, shape retention, and cutting workability.
- the addition of a catalyst for hardening promotes rapid hardening and demolding, and the liquid as a plasticizer component (c). It is also possible to incorporate a plasticizer in the form of a wax, or to mix its fine powder as the wax component (b).
- Gypsum Z water 100 parts Mix in Z50 part, place resin model (a) in the mold, pour gypsum Z water mixture as shown in Fig. 2, and immerse resin model (a) Was.
- the gypsum was allowed to harden by leaving it at room temperature for several hours. Thereafter, the mold was removed and the gypsum model immersed gypsum mold (P) was taken out.
- Gypsum can be hardened only by water necessary for a chemical reaction, but it is necessary to maintain sufficient fluidity and workability for pouring into a mold. Therefore, surplus water is absolutely necessary, and it is necessary to remove this surplus water from the plaster mold.
- Gypsum mold bulk strength Initial drying of the gypsum mold except for excess water is left at room temperature. Free water molecules existing between the gypsum crystal particles gradually evaporate and disperse from the surface of the gypsum mold. When the free moisture on the gypsum mold surface scatters, capillaries are generated between gypsum crystal particles, and the free moisture present in the lower layer of the gypsum surface migrates to the surface through the capillaries and scatters sequentially into the air. The process of moisture transfer, scattering and drying is repeated to gradually dry the inside of the gypsum mold.
- the surface area may be increased.
- the plaster mixed with gypsum and water is filled with a wooden or metal frame, and the four sides and the bottom surface are used. Consists of 5 faces It is a box shape. The five sides that make up the formwork can be easily assembled with screws. Therefore, the plaster mold is manufactured as a rectangular parallelepiped, which is the simplest manufacturing method.
- the gypsum mold is made to have a complicated shape so as to have a large surface area, the mold itself becomes complicated, and it takes a long time to produce the mold, and no advantage can be found.
- the rectangular gypsum mold in which the resin model (a) is embedded has a small surface area as described above.
- the gypsum mold becomes large, the surface area per weight becomes smaller, and drying of the central portion of the gypsum mold becomes very disadvantageous.
- the resin model (a) has a hollow body having an opening, the gypsum which has entered the hollow portion from the opening of the model and hardened is consequently almost covered with the material of the model. Since the material of the model hardly absorbs water and also has a resin component power, the free moisture present in the gypsum located in the hollow part of the resin model (a) is very difficult to transfer to the gypsum surface and be evaporated and dried. In a disadvantaged state.
- the gypsum mold (P) removed from the mold (F) was decompressed.
- the most effective method is to install it in a tank (V) and dry it under reduced pressure with a reduced pressure of 200 to 750 mmHg at a temperature of 20 to 80 ° C for several hours while flowing nitrogen gas from the capillary (CP). I found it.
- the free moisture on the gypsum surface is quickly evaporated and scattered by placing the gypsum mold (P) in a reduced pressure state. Also, it tries to suck out the free moisture inside the gypsum mold (P) to the surface under reduced pressure. Moisture scattered from the gypsum surface is carried out of the system on dry gas flowing through the capillary (CP). Since the surface temperature of the gypsum mold (P) decreases due to free moisture scattering from the surface of the gypsum mold (P) and the evaporation and scattering of free moisture decreases, it is effective to hold the gypsum mold (P) in a slightly heated state. is there.
- the decompression tank (V) itself is heated by an electric heater (H).
- the gypsum mold (P) is irradiated with infrared rays from the glass window of the decompression tank (V). It is effective to heat the gypsum mold (P) by heating the dry gas introduced from the capillary (CP).
- a heat transfer heater (H) is used.
- (HR) is a holding table for holding the plaster mold (P).
- the capillaries (CP) are easily manufactured by heating and melting a glass tube with a burner, stretching the glass tube at a stretch, forming a thin enameled wire at the stretched portion, and cutting.
- the capillary (CP) As long as the capillary (CP) is manufactured from the glass tube by the above method, it will be tubular up to the tip of the capillary (CP). When the tip of the capillary (CP) is immersed in water and air pressure is applied to the other end, air is released from the tip of the capillary (CP) into the water and bubbles are generated, confirming the completion of the capillary (CP).
- the resin model (a) to which the gate (OP) has been added is melted and melted away from the gate portion (B) of the gypsum mold (P), and the interior of the model shape is removed.
- the purpose is to provide a space in a plaster mold (P). Naturally, the drying of the gypsum proceeds simultaneously and in parallel.
- the plaster mold (P) is placed in the combustion furnace (FN) with the bottom of the gate (OP) facing down, and is heated by electricity or gas. .
- the dewaxing force at a furnace temperature of 150 to 200 ° C. which is equal to or higher than the melting temperature of polystyrene.
- the temperature is raised to ⁇ 200 ° C, the remaining free water and water of crystallization are turned into steam inside the gypsum, and the gypsum mold (P) may be broken by the pressure.
- the furnace temperature is maintained at a higher temperature of 120 to 150 ° C near the compounded melt and liquefied for 30 minutes or more, and the liquid plastic
- the wax component (b) is allowed to flow out together with the agent (c). Thereafter, the furnace temperature is increased stepwise to promote dewaxing.
- the gypsum mold (P) was taken out at a furnace temperature of 120 to 150 ° C, cooled and cut, and the cross section was observed. As a result, the wax component (b) and the liquid plasticizer component (c) were It was confirmed that water began to flow slightly from the gate (OP) due to natural fall, and that it had penetrated into the gypsum mold (P) inner wall. In the resin model (a), the wax component (b) and the liquid plasticizer component (c) escaped, so that a sponge-like contracted resin skeleton remained.
- the behavior change of the resin model (a) embedded in the gypsum mold (P) due to heating can be clearly shown.
- the wax component (b) contained in the resin model (a) and the liquid plasticizer component are contained.
- (c) oozes out of the resin model (a) and impregnates the gypsum mold (P) inner wall.
- the resin skeleton of the resin model (a) is in the form of a sponge that retains traces of the wax and wax component (b) and the liquid plasticizer component (c) oozing out of the resin model (a). Shrink. ⁇ The internal pressure at which the resin model (a) expands due to heating is reduced by this phenomenon.
- the gating shape force applied to the resin model (a) also begins to dewax, and the wax and wax components (b) that ooze out of the resin model (a) inside in turn. It has been reached that the liquid plasticizer component (c) is smoothly interpreted as flowing out from the gypsum mold (P) and falling naturally.
- Gypsum releases part of the water of crystallization at around 130 ° C and changes to hemihydrate gypsum. Therefore, at the stage where the temperature in the furnace, which is slightly higher than that, is kept around 150 ° C for 30 minutes, the crystallization water will be released and the hemihydrate gypsum will be formed.
- the resin model (a) buried inside the gypsum mold is in a dewaxed state, and the release of water of crystallization generated from the center of the gypsum mold (P) passes through the dewaxing passage to remove the dewaxed component. As it is extruded, it is discharged from the plaster mold (P) gate (OP) into the heating furnace (FN).
- (FH) is a heater for heating
- (MP) is a metal tray
- (AB) is an effluent during the dewaxing process.
- the steam released from the gypsum mold (P) can eliminate the internal pressure inside the gypsum as long as the stepwise heating is surely performed, and can prevent the gypsum mold (P) from breaking.
- a resin model (a) consisting of a two-part reaction-curable urethane resin containing a liquid plasticizer (c) and a wax component (b), which has a lower melting point than the commercially available lost wax, It was found that the gypsum mold (P) was excellent in performance to avoid cracking.
- the furnace temperature was gradually increased to 700 to 750 ° C. and the plasticizer (c) of the resin model (a) embedded in the gypsum mold (P) (c) ) And the waxy component (b), the shrinked resin skeleton, which is the husk, is burned.
- the liquid plasticizer (c) and the wax component (b) impregnated and adhered to the inner wall of the gypsum mold (P) are also burned. Further, free water and released crystallization water existing in the gypsum mold (P) itself are removed, and a gypsum mold usable for production is completed.
- Air is injected into the interior from the gypsum mold (OP) to remove trace ash remaining inside the gypsum mold (P).
- OP gypsum mold
- P trace ash remaining inside the gypsum mold
- it is important to remove moisture from the gypsum mold (P) . If molten metal is introduced in a state where moisture removal from the gypsum mold (P) is insufficient, the moisture in the gypsum mold (P) reacts with the molten metal to cause an explosion. You need to be very careful.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)
- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2004-137981 | 2004-05-07 | ||
JP2004137981A JP4374575B2 (ja) | 2004-05-07 | 2004-05-07 | 精密鋳造用プラスターモールドの乾燥・脱ロウ・焼成方法 |
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WO2005107976A1 true WO2005107976A1 (ja) | 2005-11-17 |
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PCT/JP2005/006044 WO2005107976A1 (ja) | 2004-05-07 | 2005-03-30 | 精密鋳造用プラスターモールドの乾燥・脱ロウ・焼成方法 |
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JP (1) | JP4374575B2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005107976A1 (ja) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2017215127A1 (zh) * | 2016-06-12 | 2017-12-21 | 蔡欲期 | 壳模烧结方法及装置 |
CN114160759A (zh) * | 2021-12-06 | 2022-03-11 | 嘉兴市佳特金属制品股份有限公司 | 一种连接套的生产工艺 |
CN114247849A (zh) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-03-29 | 苏州美迈快速制造技术有限公司 | 一种点阵机构石膏成型工艺 |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107855466A (zh) * | 2017-11-09 | 2018-03-30 | 太湖县众瑞精密铸造有限公司 | 专用于精铸硅溶胶的脱蜡工艺 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH07256392A (ja) * | 1994-03-17 | 1995-10-09 | Toyota Motor Corp | 石膏鋳型およびその製造方法 |
JP2000117415A (ja) * | 1998-10-16 | 2000-04-25 | Noritake Co Ltd | 鋳型材の除去方法および網目構造金属体の製造方法 |
JP2002153943A (ja) * | 2000-11-22 | 2002-05-28 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 精密鋳造用鋳型の製作方法とそれに用いる模型 |
-
2004
- 2004-05-07 JP JP2004137981A patent/JP4374575B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2005
- 2005-03-30 WO PCT/JP2005/006044 patent/WO2005107976A1/ja active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH07256392A (ja) * | 1994-03-17 | 1995-10-09 | Toyota Motor Corp | 石膏鋳型およびその製造方法 |
JP2000117415A (ja) * | 1998-10-16 | 2000-04-25 | Noritake Co Ltd | 鋳型材の除去方法および網目構造金属体の製造方法 |
JP2002153943A (ja) * | 2000-11-22 | 2002-05-28 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 精密鋳造用鋳型の製作方法とそれに用いる模型 |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2017215127A1 (zh) * | 2016-06-12 | 2017-12-21 | 蔡欲期 | 壳模烧结方法及装置 |
CN114247849A (zh) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-03-29 | 苏州美迈快速制造技术有限公司 | 一种点阵机构石膏成型工艺 |
CN114160759A (zh) * | 2021-12-06 | 2022-03-11 | 嘉兴市佳特金属制品股份有限公司 | 一种连接套的生产工艺 |
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JP2005319474A (ja) | 2005-11-17 |
JP4374575B2 (ja) | 2009-12-02 |
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