WO2005098373A1 - 電磁流量計 - Google Patents
電磁流量計 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005098373A1 WO2005098373A1 PCT/JP2005/006937 JP2005006937W WO2005098373A1 WO 2005098373 A1 WO2005098373 A1 WO 2005098373A1 JP 2005006937 W JP2005006937 W JP 2005006937W WO 2005098373 A1 WO2005098373 A1 WO 2005098373A1
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- electromotive force
- component
- electrode
- fluid
- frequency
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/56—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using electric or magnetic effects
- G01F1/58—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using electric or magnetic effects by electromagnetic flowmeters
- G01F1/60—Circuits therefor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/56—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using electric or magnetic effects
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/56—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using electric or magnetic effects
- G01F1/58—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using electric or magnetic effects by electromagnetic flowmeters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F25/00—Testing or calibration of apparatus for measuring volume, volume flow or liquid level or for metering by volume
- G01F25/10—Testing or calibration of apparatus for measuring volume, volume flow or liquid level or for metering by volume of flowmeters
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electromagnetic flow meter, and more particularly to a technique of span correction for automatically correcting a coefficient of a component of an electromotive force between electrodes detected by an electrode, which is caused by a flow rate of a fluid to be measured. Things.
- Equation (2) is a notation for a complex vector, and j is an imaginary unit.
- L gives the length of the complex vector, and ⁇ gives the direction of the complex vector. Therefore, in order to analyze the geometric relationship on the complex coordinate plane, it is convenient to utilize the conversion to a complex vector.
- FIG. 21 is a block diagram for explaining the principle of the electromagnetic flow meter disclosed in the aforementioned patent document.
- the electromagnetic flowmeter is provided on the measuring tube 1 so that the measuring tube 1 flows through the measuring tube 1 in a direction perpendicular to both the magnetic field applied to the measuring fluid and the axis PAX of the measuring tube 1 and comes into contact with the measuring fluid.
- a pair of electrodes 2a and 2b that are opposed to each other and detect the electromotive force generated by the magnetic field and the flow of the fluid to be measured, and a plane PLN that includes the electrodes 2a and 2b and is orthogonal to the direction of the measurement tube axis PAX is measured.
- a magnetic field component (magnetic flux density) B1 orthogonal to both the electrode axis EAX connecting the electrodes 2a and 2b and both the electrode axis EAX and the measurement tube axis PAX Shall be given as follows:
- Equation (3) bl is amplitude, ⁇ is angular frequency, and 01 is a phase difference (phase delay) from coO't.
- the magnetic flux density B1 is referred to as a magnetic field B1.
- the generated eddy current is only a component caused by a change in the magnetic field, and the eddy current I due to the change in the magnetic field Ba has a direction as shown in FIG. Therefore, in a plane including the electrode axis EAX and the measurement tube axis PAX, the interelectrode electromotive force E, which is generated by the change of the magnetic field Ba and is independent of the flow velocity, has a direction as shown in FIG. This direction is the minus direction.
- the interelectrode electromotive force E is given by the coefficient k (the conductivity and permittivity of the fluid to be measured and the arrangement of the electrodes 2a and 2b, Including the complex number related to the structure of the measuring tube 1).
- rk is a proportionality coefficient
- ⁇ 00 is an angle of the vector k with respect to the real axis.
- Rk'coO'bl'exp ⁇ j '(Z2 + ⁇ 1 + 000) ⁇ in equation (11) has a length of rk'coO'bl and an angle of real axis force of ⁇ / 2 + ⁇ 1 + ⁇ 00 Is a complex vector of.
- the interelectrode electromotive force caused by the flow velocity of the fluid to be measured will be described.
- the generated eddy current includes the eddy current I when the flow velocity is 0.
- the flow velocity vector V and the eddy current Iv due to the magnetic field Ba are oriented as shown in FIG. Therefore, the interelectrode electromotive force Ev generated by the flow velocity vector V and the magnetic field Ba is opposite to the interelectrode electromotive force ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ generated by the time change, and the direction of ⁇ is set to the plus direction.
- the interelectrode electromotive force Ev due to the flow velocity is represented by a coefficient kv (the magnitude V of the flow velocity, the conductivity and the dielectric constant of the fluid to be measured, and the electrodes 2a, 2b) as shown in the following equation. (Complex number) related to the structure of the measuring tube 1 including the arrangement of.
- equation (13) when equation (13) is mapped on a complex coordinate plane with reference to coO′t, the real axis component Evx and the imaginary axis component Evy are as follows.
- Kvc Kvx + jEvy
- rkv is a proportional coefficient
- ⁇ 01 is an angle of the vector kv with respect to the real axis.
- rkv is calculated by adding the magnitude V of the flow velocity and the proportional coefficient ⁇ to the proportional coefficient rk (see equation (10)). Equivalent to digits. That is, the following equation is established.
- Rkv'bl'exp ⁇ j '(01 + 001) ⁇ in equation (19) is a complex vector having a length of rkvbl and an angle from the real axis of ⁇ 1 + ⁇ 01.
- the total interelectrode electromotive force Eac which is the sum of the interelectrode electromotive force Ec caused by the time change of the magnetic field and the interelectrode electromotive force Eve caused by the flow velocity of the fluid, is expressed by the following equations (11) and (19). The following equation is obtained.
- the length of the combined vector obtained by combining the two complex vectors represents the amplitude of the output (electromotive force Eac), and the angle ⁇ of the combined vector corresponds to the phase coO't of the input (excitation current). Indicates the phase difference (phase lag) of the interelectrode electromotive force Eac. Since the flow rate is the flow rate multiplied by the cross-sectional area of the measuring tube, the flow rate and the flow rate usually have a one-to-one relationship in the calibration in the initial state, and obtaining the flow rate and obtaining the flow rate are equivalent. Since it can be handled, description will be made below as a method for obtaining the flow velocity (to obtain the flow rate).
- the electromagnetic flow meter disclosed in the patent document extracts a parameter (asymmetric excitation parameter) that is not affected by the span shift based on the above-described principle, and outputs a flow rate based on the extracted parameter. Has solved the problem.
- the shift of the span will be described with reference to FIG. If the magnitude V of the flow velocity measured by the electromagnetic flow meter changes even though the flow velocity of the fluid to be measured has not changed, a span shift may be a factor of the output fluctuation.
- the output of the electromagnetic flowmeter is 0 (V) when the flow velocity of the fluid to be measured is 0, and the output is l (v) when the flow velocity is l (mZsec).
- the output of the electromagnetic flow meter is a voltage representing the magnitude V of the flow velocity. With such a calibration, if the flow rate of the fluid to be measured is 1 (mZsec), the output of the electromagnetic flowmeter should naturally be 1 (v).
- the output of the electromagnetic flowmeter may be 1.2 (v) even though the flow rate of the fluid to be measured is also 1 (mZsec).
- One possible factor for this output variation is the shift in span. The phenomenon of the shift of the span occurs because, for example, a change in the ambient temperature of the electromagnetic flowmeter makes it impossible to maintain a constant value of the exciting current flowing through the exciting coil.
- the electromagnetic flow meter disclosed in the above patent document is based on the premise that the vector Va of the dA / dt component and the vector Vb of the vXB component are orthogonal.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and has as its object to provide an electromagnetic flowmeter capable of automatically performing accurate span correction and performing high-accuracy flow measurement.
- the electromagnetic flow meter of the present invention is provided with a measurement pipe through which a fluid to be measured flows, An electrode for detecting an electromotive force generated by the magnetic field applied to the fluid and the flow of the fluid; and an asymmetric and time-asymmetric electrode with respect to a first plane including the electrode and perpendicular to the axial direction of the measurement tube.
- An exciting unit that applies a changing magnetic field to the fluid, an electromotive force of a 3 AZ3 component detected by the electrode, which is unrelated to the flow rate of the fluid, and an electromotive force of a v XB component caused by the flow rate of the fluid.
- the flow rate output unit for calculating the flow rate of the fluid is also provided as a result of removing the variation factor of the span which is the coefficient and removing the variation factor.
- the present invention from the combined electromotive force of the 3 AZ 3 component electromotive force and the v XB component electromotive force due to the fluid flow rate, which is detected at the electrode and independent of the fluid flow rate, by extracting the AZ3t component and correcting the span, which is the coefficient applied to the magnitude V of the flow velocity of the vXB component in the combined electromotive force, based on the extracted 3AZ3t component, the span variation Since the elements are deleted, accurate span correction can be performed automatically, and high-precision flow measurement can be performed.
- a dA / dt component is extracted by applying a magnetic field to the fluid at a plurality of excitation frequencies and determining the amplitude and phase of at least two different frequency components of the combined electromotive force detected by the electrodes. can do.
- an exciting current including two different frequency components is supplied to the exciting coil, and the amplitude and phase of the two frequency components of the first frequency and the second frequency in the combined electromotive force detected by the electrodes are determined. By calculating, the difference in electromotive force between two frequency components can be extracted as a 3AZ3t component.
- a plurality of excitation coil forces are applied to the fluid with magnetic fields having different excitation frequencies, and the amplitude and phase of at least two different frequency components of the combined electromotive force detected by the electrodes are determined.
- the components can be extracted.
- the exciting current of the second frequency is supplied to the second exciting coil, and the combined electromotive force detected by the electrode is detected.
- a plurality of electrodes are provided at different positions along the axial direction of the measurement tube, and a composite electromotive force detected by at least two electrodes out of the composite electromotive force detected by the plurality of electrodes.
- the amplitude and phase of each of the first combined electromotive force detected by the first electrode and the second combined electromotive force detected by the second electrode are determined, whereby the first combined electromotive force is obtained.
- the electromotive force difference or the sum of the electromotive forces between the power and the second combined electromotive force can be approximately extracted as a 3AZ3 component.
- 3 AZ 3 components can be extracted using only one excitation frequency, it is not necessary to use two excitation frequencies.
- FIG. 1A is a diagram showing a vector of a 3AZ3t component and a vector of a vXB component.
- FIG. 1B is a diagram showing a vector obtained by normalizing a VXB component vector by a 3A / 3t component vector.
- FIG. 1C is a diagram showing a vector obtained by multiplying the vector of FIG. 1B by an excitation angular frequency.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a complex vector representation of an interelectrode electromotive force and an electromotive force difference in the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram expressing a state of normalization processing in the first embodiment of the present invention in a complex vector representation.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an electromagnetic flow meter according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing an operation of a signal conversion unit and a flow rate output unit according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram for explaining the principle of an electromagnetic flow meter according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an eddy current and an interelectrode electromotive force when the flow rate of the fluid to be measured is 0 in the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an eddy current and an interelectrode electromotive force when the flow force of the fluid to be measured is not SO in the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a complex vector representation of an interelectrode electromotive force, an electromotive force sum, and an electromotive force difference in the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a state of a normalization process in a second embodiment of the present invention as a complex vector.
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an electromagnetic flow meter according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing operations of a signal conversion unit and a flow rate output unit according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram for explaining the principle of an electromagnetic flow meter according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an eddy current and an interelectrode electromotive force when the flow rate of the fluid to be measured is 0 in the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an eddy current and an interelectrode electromotive force when the flow force of the fluid to be measured is not ⁇ in the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a complex vector representation of an interelectrode electromotive force, an electromotive force sum, and an electromotive force difference in a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing a state of a normalization process in a third embodiment of the present invention in a complex vector expression.
- FIG. 18 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an electromagnetic flow meter according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view showing one example of an electrode used in the electromagnetic flow meter of the present invention.
- FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of an electrode used in the electromagnetic flow meter of the present invention.
- FIG. 21 is a block diagram for explaining the principle of a conventional electromagnetic flow meter.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram showing an eddy current and an interelectrode electromotive force when the flow rate of a fluid to be measured is 0 in a conventional electromagnetic flowmeter.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram showing an eddy current and an interelectrode electromotive force when the flow rate of a fluid to be measured is not 0 in a conventional electromagnetic flowmeter.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram for explaining a shift in span in an electromagnetic flowmeter.
- FIG. 25 is a diagram for explaining a problem of a conventional electromagnetic flow meter.
- the vector Va which is related to whether or not the force Vb is orthogonal, depends only on the time change of the magnetic field and is independent of the flow velocity of the fluid to be measured. We pay attention to this vector.
- a vector Va of the dA / dt component is extracted from the combined vector Va + Vb, and the vector Va is included in the vector Vb of the vXB component in the combined vector Va + Vb. Eliminate span variation elements. Then, the flow rate of the fluid to be measured is calculated based on the vXB component from which the span variation element has been eliminated.
- the vector Va of the dA / dt component it is important that the vectors Va and Vb, which are related to whether or not the vectors Va and Vb are orthogonal, can be treated as separate vectors. In the conventional electromagnetic flow meter shown in Fig. 21, it is assumed that the vectors Va and Vb are orthogonal, so it is necessary to extract the solid Va or Vb from the combined vector Va + Vb! / ⁇ !
- the plane containing the electrodes which is orthogonal to the axis of the measurement pipe, is used as the boundary of the measurement pipe.
- the vector mapped on the complex plane based on the amplitude and phase difference of the interelectrode electromotive force measured by this asymmetric excitation is the following 3 AZ 3 t component vector Va and VXB component vector Vb Is equivalent to the combined vector Va + Vb.
- Vb rv exp (j- ⁇ ⁇ )-C -V (22)
- FIG. 1A shows the vectors Va and Vb.
- the vector Va of the dA / dt component is an electromotive force generated by a change in the magnetic field, and therefore has a magnitude proportional to the excitation angular frequency ⁇ .
- C is given as a variable element such as a shift of the magnetic field, that is, a span variation element.
- the vector Vb of the v XB component is an electromotive force generated by the movement of the fluid to be measured in the measurement tube, and therefore has a magnitude proportional to the magnitude V of the flow velocity.
- the cause of the shift of the span is a change in the span variation factor C. Therefore, if the flow rate of the fluid to be measured is obtained by the signal conversion formula in which the span variation element C is eliminated, the automatic correction of the span can be substantially realized. There are the following two specific methods for span correction.
- the vector Vb of the vXB component is normalized by the vector Va of the dA / dt component to eliminate the span variation element C, and the magnitude of the flow velocity based on the normalized vector is
- This is a method to achieve automatic span correction in flow measurement by using the signal conversion formula for V.
- FIG. 1B shows a vector obtained by normalizing the vector Vb of the ⁇ X ⁇ component by the vector Va of the d A / dt component.
- the vector in FIG. 1C is a vector obtained by multiplying the vector in FIG. 1B by the excitation angular frequency ⁇ and eliminating the excitation angular frequency ⁇ from the right side of Expression (23).
- the second correction method normalizes the combined vector Va + Vb with the vector Va of the dA / dt component to eliminate the span variation element C, and relates to the magnitude V of the flow velocity based on the normalized vector. This is a method to realize automatic correction of span in flow rate measurement by using a signal conversion formula.
- the normalization of the second correction method is expressed by a mathematical expression, it is as follows.
- the second correction method provides more realistic processing than the first correction method. It is. Because the vector Vb of the electromotive force vX B component of the electromagnetic flow meter cannot be obtained directly, the vector that can be obtained from the electrode electromotive force is the force that becomes Va + Vb. .
- the first extraction method is a method in which a magnetic field with a plurality of excitation frequencies is applied to a fluid to be measured, and a vector Va is extracted using a frequency difference between a plurality of components included in the electromotive force between electrodes.
- the complex vector that can be obtained directly from the interelectrode electromotive force is the combined solid Va + Vb, and the vectors Va and Vb cannot be directly measured. Therefore, we focus on the fact that the magnitude of the vector Va of the d / dt component is proportional to the excitation angular frequency ⁇ , and that the solid Vb of the ⁇ ⁇ component does not depend on the excitation angular frequency ⁇ .
- a magnetic field including two components having the same magnitude and different frequencies is applied to the fluid to be measured from the excitation coil, and a combined vector Va + Vb of the first frequency component and a combined vector of the second frequency component are obtained. Find the difference from Va + Vb. Since this difference is a vector representing only a change in the magnitude of the vector Va, the vector Va can be extracted.
- the second extraction method is a method applicable to an electromagnetic flowmeter having at least two pairs of electrodes disposed so as to face each other with a coil plane including the axis of the excitation coil interposed therebetween. This method extracts the vector Va using the output difference.
- the direction of the 3AZ3t component generated during the first interelectrode electromotive force is opposite to the direction of the 3AZ3t component generated during the second interelectrode electromotive force. It is noted that the direction of the vXB component generated during the first interelectrode electromotive force is the same as the direction of the vXB component generated during the second interelectrode electromotive force.
- the first electrode and the second electrode are uniformly arranged with respect to the coil plane, and the combined vector Va + Vb of the first interelectrode electromotive force and the second interelectrode electromotive force are used.
- the VXB component generated during the first interelectrode electromotive force and the vXB component generated during the second interelectrode electromotive force cancel each other out. Therefore, it is possible to extract the vector Va of the sum of the 3AZ3 component generated during the first interelectrode electromotive force and the 3AZ3 component generated during the second interelectrode electromotive force.
- the magnitude V of the flow velocity of the fluid to be measured is It can be calculated as follows.
- the magnitude V of the flow velocity can be measured irrespective of the span variation element C such as the shift of the magnetic field, so that the automatic span correction is substantially realized. Further, in all the embodiments of the present invention, it is possible to obtain the 3 ⁇ 3 component and the composite component of the 3AZ3 component and the vXB component only by measurement under a single excitation state without switching the excitation state. This makes it possible to perform automatic correction at a higher speed than when performing measurement by switching the excitation state.
- This embodiment uses the first extraction method as a method for extracting the vector Va of the 3AZ3t component among the methods described in the basic principle, uses the second correction method as the span correction method, It is something.
- the electromagnetic flow meter of this embodiment has one excitation coil and a pair of electrodes, and the configuration except for the signal processing system is the same as that of the conventional electromagnetic flow meter shown in FIG. 21. The principle of the present embodiment will be described using reference numerals 21.
- ⁇ , ⁇ are different angular frequencies
- b6 is the amplitude of the component of the angular frequency ⁇ of the magnetic flux density ⁇ 6 and the amplitude of the component of the angular frequency ⁇
- ⁇ 6 is the difference between the component of the angular frequency ⁇ and ⁇ ⁇ t.
- the magnetic flux density B6 is referred to as a magnetic field B6.
- the total sum of the electromotive force obtained by converting the interelectrode electromotive force resulting from the time change of the magnetic field into a complex vector and the electromotive force obtained by converting the interelectrode electromotive force resulting from the flow velocity of the fluid into a complex vector is obtained. If the EMF of the component of the angular frequency ⁇ is E50 among the EMFs between the electrodes, the EMF between the electrodes ⁇ 50 is expressed by the following equation similar to the equation (20).
- the total of the electromotive force obtained by converting the interelectrode electromotive force resulting from the time change of the magnetic field into a complex level and the electromotive force obtained by converting the interelectrode electromotive force resulting from the fluid flow velocity into a complex vector is combined.
- the electromotive force of the component of angular frequency ⁇ 1 is E51 among the interelectrode electromotive force of E1
- the interelectrode electromotive force E51 is expressed by the following equation similar to the equation (20).
- E51 rk- W l-b6-exp ⁇ j- ( ⁇ / 2 + ⁇ 6+ ⁇ 00) ⁇
- EdA5 (E50-E51) ⁇ ⁇ / ( ⁇ — ⁇ 1)
- the electromotive force difference EdA5 is not related to the magnitude V of the flow velocity, and is therefore only a component generated by 3AZ3t.
- the coefficient (span) applied to the magnitude V of the flow velocity of the vXB component in the interelectrode electromotive force E50 (composite vector Va + Vb) is normalized.
- Figure 2 shows a complex vector representation of the interelectrode electromotive forces E50 and E51 and the electromotive force difference EdA5.
- Re is the real axis
- Im is the imaginary axis.
- dA / dt represents dA / dt ⁇ rk-b6-exp ⁇ j- ( ⁇ 6 + ⁇ ) ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 1 ⁇ ⁇ (] ⁇ ⁇ / 2 at the interelectrode electromotive force E51.
- the electromotive force difference EdA5 is exactly the electromotive force difference between the interelectrode electromotive forces E50 and E51 multiplied by ⁇ OZ ( ⁇ 0 ⁇ ⁇ 1), and ⁇ ⁇ ( ⁇ 0 ⁇ ⁇ 1) times. The reason for this is to make it easier to expand the expression.
- the second term on the right side of equation (35) is a term obtained by normalizing the component generated by ⁇ with the component generated by 3 ⁇ 3t.
- FIG. 3 shows a complex vector representation of the state of the above-mentioned normalization processing.
- VXB in Fig. 3 represents the vXB component rk'b6'exp ⁇ j '( ⁇ 6 + ⁇ ) ⁇ ⁇ (] ⁇ 001) at the interelectrode electromotive force E50, and ⁇ ( ⁇ ) ,
- the normalized vXB component [ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ] ⁇ (- ⁇ / 2 + ⁇ 01) ⁇ ] ⁇ ⁇ .
- Equation (35) the complex The prime coefficient has a magnitude of ⁇ and an angle of a real axial force of — ⁇ 2 + ⁇ 01.
- the coefficient ⁇ and the angle ⁇ ⁇ 01 are constants that can be obtained in advance by calibration or the like, and the second term on the right side of Equation (35) is constant as long as the flow rate of the fluid to be measured does not change.
- V I ( ⁇ 5- ⁇ ) / [ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ] ⁇ (- ⁇ / 2 + ⁇ 001) ⁇ ]
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the electromagnetic flow meter of the present embodiment.
- the same components as those in FIG. 21 are denoted by the same reference numerals.
- the electromagnetic flowmeter of this embodiment has a plane PLN force including the measuring tube 1, the electrodes 2a and 2b, and the electrodes 2a and 2b, which is perpendicular to the direction of the measuring tube axis PAX.
- the excitation coil 3 disposed at a position separated by the distance d, the power supply unit 4 for supplying the excitation current to the excitation coil 3, and the first frequency and the second frequency of the combined electromotive force detected by the electrodes 2a and 2b.
- the signal converter 5 extracts the amplitude and phase of the two frequency components of the frequency 2 and extracts the electromotive force difference between the two frequency components as a 3 AZ 3 t component based on the amplitude and the phase. 2 Based on the extracted dA / dt component, the variation factor of the span included in the VXB component in the first frequency component or the vXB component in the second frequency component of the combined electromotive force detected in b is extracted. And a flow rate output unit 6 for calculating a flow rate of the fluid to be measured as a result of removing the fluctuation factors.
- the excitation coil 3 and the power supply unit 4 serve as an excitation unit that applies a magnetic field that is asymmetric with respect to the plane PLN and that changes over time to the fluid to be measured.
- the power supply unit 4 supplies an exciting current including a sine wave component of the first angular frequency ⁇ and a sine wave component of the second angular frequency ⁇ 1 to the exciting coil 3. At this time, the component of the angular frequency ⁇ and the component of the angular frequency ⁇ 1 in the exciting current have the same amplitude.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the operation of the signal conversion unit 5 and the flow rate output unit 6.
- the signal converter 5 determines the amplitude r50 of the electromotive force ⁇ 50 of the component of the angular frequency ⁇ 0 of the electromotive force between the electrodes 2a and 2b, and also calculates the phase difference ⁇ 50 between the real axis and the interelectrode electromotive force E50. Is obtained by a phase detector (not shown).
- the signal converter 5 obtains the amplitude r51 of the electromotive force E51 of the component of the angular frequency ⁇ 1 of the electromotive force between the electrodes 2a and 2b, and calculates the phase difference ⁇ 51 between the real axis and the interelectrode electromotive force E51. Determined by a phase detector (step S101 in Fig. 5).
- the interelectrode electromotive forces E50 and E51 are the forces that can be frequency-separated by a band-pass filter.In fact, if a comb-shaped digital filter called a comb filter is used, the components of the two angular frequencies ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ Can be easily separated.
- the signal conversion unit 5 calculates the real axis component ⁇ 50 ⁇ of the interelectrode electromotive force ⁇ 50 ⁇ and the imaginary axis component E50y, and the real axis component E5 lx and the imaginary axis component E5ly of the interelectrode electromotive force E51 as follows: (Step S102).
- the signal converter 5 calculates the magnitude and angle of the electromotive force difference EdA5 between the interelectrode electromotive forces E50 and E51 (Step S103).
- the process in step S103 is a process corresponding to obtaining the dA / dt component and the VXB component, and is a process corresponding to the calculation of Expression (34).
- the signal converter 5 calculates the magnitude
- the signal signal converting and converting unit 55 calculates the angle angle ZZEEddAA55 of the electromotive force difference EEddAA55 with respect to the real axis. Is calculated as in the following equation. .
- step SS 110033 ends. .
- the flow rate output / output unit 66 normalizes the electromotive force between the electrodes EE5500 by the electromotive force difference EEddAA55. Calculate the large magnitude and angle angle of the normalized normalization-induced electromotive force power EEnn55 ((Step11SS110044)). .
- the processing in step SS 110044 here is processing equivalent to calculating the equation ((3355)).
- the flow rate output output unit 66 calculates and calculates the large magnitude II EEnn55 II of the regular normal dangling electromotive force EEnn55 as in the following equation. You. .
- the flow rate output / output unit 66 is formed by an angle of the regular normal dangling electromotive force ⁇ 55 with respect to the actual real axis.
- the degree ⁇ 55 is calculated and calculated as in the following equation. .
- step SS 110044 ends. .
- the flow rate output / output unit 66 calculates and calculates a large magnitude VV of the flow velocity of the measured constant flow fluid. ((Step SS 110055)) ⁇
- the processing of the step SS 110055 here is a processing equivalent to calculating and calculating the equation ((3366)).
- the flow rate output / output unit 66 includes a real real axis component component ⁇ 55 ⁇ of (( ⁇ 55— ⁇ )) and an imaginary axis component of (( ⁇ 55—— ⁇ )).
- the component EEnn55yy is calculated as shown in the following equation. .
- the flow rate output / output unit 66 calculates the large magnitude VV of the flow velocity of the measured constant flow fluid by the following formula. Calculate as follows. .
- step S 105 ends.
- the signal conversion unit 5 and the flow rate output unit 6 repeat the processing in steps S101 to S105 as described above, and until the operator instructs the end of the measurement (YES in step S106), at regular intervals. Do.
- the magnetic field including two components having the same magnitude and different frequencies is applied to the fluid to be measured from the excitation coil 3, and the angle of the electromotive force between the electrodes 2a and 2b is calculated.
- the electromotive force E50 of the component of the frequency ⁇ and the electromotive force E51 of the component of the angular frequency ⁇ ⁇ and the force are also extracted as the electromotive force difference E dA5 (vector Va of the dA / dt component), and this electromotive force difference EdA5 is used.
- the span applied to the magnitude V of the flow velocity of the V XB component in the interelectrode electromotive force E50 (composite vector Va + Vb) is normalized to eliminate span variation elements, so accurate span correction is automatically performed.
- the flow rate can be measured with high accuracy.
- the component E50 of the angular frequency ⁇ of the interelectrode electromotive force shown in the example of normalizing the component E50 of the angular frequency ⁇ is normalized.
- the component E51 of the angular frequency ⁇ 1 is not limited to this. Just like that.
- This embodiment is obtained by adding one excitation coil to the electromagnetic flow meter of the first embodiment, and among the methods described in the basic principle, a method of extracting the vector Va of the 3 ⁇ 3 t component. And the second correction method is used as the span correction method. That is, the electromagnetic flow meter of the present embodiment has two excitation coils and a pair of electrodes. When the newly added second excitation coil is added on the same side as the existing first excitation coil, the redundant configuration of the first embodiment is obtained. Therefore, the second excitation coil needs to be disposed on a side different from the first excitation coil with respect to the plane including the electrodes.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram for explaining the principle of the electromagnetic flow meter of the present embodiment.
- this plane PLN including the electrodes 2a and 2b, which is orthogonal to the direction of the measurement tube axis PAX and including the electrodes 2a and 2b, is defined as the boundary of the measurement tube 1, this plane PLN It has a first excitation coil 3a and a second excitation coil 3b for applying an asymmetric, time-varying magnetic field to the fluid to be measured before and after the measurement tube 1 as a boundary.
- the first excitation coil 3a is located, for example, on the downstream side from the plane PLN. At a position separated by an offset distance dl.
- the second excitation coil 3b is disposed at a position where the plane PLN force is also away from the first excitation coil 3a by, for example, an offset distance d2 on the upstream side with the plane PLN interposed therebetween.
- a magnetic field component orthogonal to both the electrode axis EAX and the measurement tube axis PAX on the electrode axis EAX connecting the electrodes 2a and 2b Magnetic flux density B7 and the magnetic field Be generated from the second exciting coil 3b
- the magnetic field component (magnetic flux density) B8 that is orthogonal to both the electrode axis EAX and the measuring tube axis PAX on the electrode axis EAX! Shall be given as follows:
- Equations (48) and (49) ⁇ ⁇ and ⁇ 2 are different angular frequencies, b7 and b8 are the amplitudes of magnetic flux densities B7 and B8, respectively, and 07 is the phase difference between magnetic flux density B7 and col't ( (Phase lag), 08 is the phase difference between the magnetic flux density B8 and co 2't.
- the magnetic flux density B7 is defined as a magnetic field B7
- the magnetic flux density B8 is defined as a magnetic field B8.
- the generated eddy current is only a component due to the change in the magnetic field, and the eddy current II due to the change in the magnetic field Bb and the eddy current 12 due to the change in the magnetic field Be are shown in FIG.
- the orientation is as shown in Figure 7. Therefore, in a plane including the electrode axis EAX and the measurement tube axis PAX, the interelectrode electromotive force E1 generated by the change of the magnetic field Bb and generated by the change of the magnetic field Bc, and generated by the change of the magnetic field Bc.
- the interelectrode electromotive forces E2 are opposite to each other as shown in FIG.
- the generated eddy current is caused by the flow velocity vector V of the fluid to be measured, in addition to the eddy currents II and 12 when the flow velocity is 0. Since the components vX Bb and vX Bc are generated, the eddy current Ivl due to the flow velocity vector V and the magnetic field Bb, and the eddy current Iv2 due to the flow velocity vector V and the magnetic field Be are oriented as shown in FIG. Therefore, the interelectrode electromotive force Evl generated by the flow velocity vector V and the magnetic field Bb and the interelectrode electromotive force Ev2 generated by the flow velocity vector V and the magnetic field Be have the same direction.
- the interelectrode electromotive force caused by the time change of the magnetic field and the interelectrode electromotive force caused by the flow velocity of the fluid to be measured are combined.
- the electromotive force of the component of the angular frequency ⁇ 1 is E61 among the interelectrode electromotive forces
- the interelectrode electromotive force E61 is expressed by the following equation similar to the equation (20).
- ⁇ 1 ⁇ — ⁇
- ⁇ 2 ⁇ + ⁇
- ⁇ 56)
- is the complex vector b7 — Indicates the magnitude of b8'exp (j ' ⁇ 08).
- is a complex vector coO'exp (j. ⁇ / 2) ' represents the magnitude of ⁇ b7 + b8'exp (j.
- EdA6 rk-exp ⁇ j- ( ⁇ 7 + ⁇ 00) ⁇
- the interelectrode electromotive force EdA6 is not related to the magnitude V of the flow velocity, it is only a component generated by 3AZ3t. Using the interelectrode electromotive force EdA6, the coefficient (span) of the flow velocity magnitude V of the vXB component in the electromotive force sum Es6 (composite vector Va + Vb) is normalized.
- Figure 9 shows a complex solid representation of the interelectrode electromotive forces E61, E62, EdA6, electromotive force sum Es6, and electromotive force difference Ed6. E61vXB in FIG.
- FIG. 1100 shows a diagram in which the appearance of the above-mentioned normal regular rule processing is represented by a complex vector vector representation. . EEss66vvXXBB in Fig.
- nn ((vvXXBB)) is the regular regular Represents the vvXXBB component [[ ⁇ '' eexxpp ⁇ jj '' ((- ⁇ // 22 ++ ⁇ ⁇ 0011)) ⁇ ]]]] represents VV . .
- the reason why the result of normalizing the electromotive force sum EEss66 by the interelectrode electromotive force EEddAA66 by ⁇ 00 times the result is as follows.
- the large complex coefficient of the velocity of the flow velocity VV is represented by the large magnitude of ⁇ , ⁇ 22 ++ ⁇ ⁇ 0011 with the angle angle from the real axis of 0011. .
- the coefficient ⁇ and the angle angle ⁇ ⁇ 0011 are constant constants that can be obtained in advance by calibration calibration or the like.
- the 33rd term on the right-hand side of the equation ((6600)) is the constant constant as long as the flow velocity of the measured constant-flow fluid does not change or change.
- the flat plane surface including the electrode poles 22aa, 22bb, which intersects perpendicularly with the measurement measurement tube axis PPAAXX also has the eleventh excitation magnetism.
- the distance ddll and the plane plane PPLLNN with the coco coil 33 aa are almost equal to the distance dd22 with the 22 nd excitation magnet coco coil 33 bb as it is.
- ((ddll dd22)) it becomes bb77 bb88, ⁇ 88000.
- the magnitude VV of the flow velocity is expressed by the following equation rather than the equation ((6600)). .
- Table 2 shows the correspondence between the constants and variables used in the basic principle and the constants and variables in this embodiment. As is clear from Table 2, this embodiment is one example that specifically realizes the basic principle.
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the electromagnetic flow meter of the present embodiment, and the same components as those in FIG. 6 are denoted by the same reference numerals.
- the electromagnetic flow meter according to the present embodiment supplies an exciting current to the measuring tube 1, the electrodes 2a and 2b, the first and second exciting coils 3a and 3b, and the first and second exciting coils 3a and 3b.
- the amplitude and phase of the two frequency components of the first and second frequencies of the combined electromotive force detected by the power supply unit 4a and the electrodes 2a and 2b are obtained, and two based on these amplitudes and phases.
- the signal converter 5a extracts the electromotive force difference between the frequency components as a 3AZ3t component, and the vXB component in the sum of the electromotive forces of the two frequency components among the combined electromotive forces detected at the electrodes 2a and 2b.
- a flow rate output unit 6a for calculating a flow rate of the fluid to be measured as a result of removing the variation factor of the span to be measured based on the extracted 3AZ3t component and removing the variation factor.
- the first and second excitation coils 3a and 3b and the power supply unit 4a are excitation units that apply a magnetic field that is asymmetric with respect to the plane PLN and that changes over time to the fluid to be measured. [0098] In the present embodiment, as described above, it is assumed that the distance dl to the first excitation coil 3a and the distance d2 to the second excitation coil 3b are also substantially equal to each other.
- the second sine wave exciting current of ⁇ is supplied to the second exciting coil 3b. At this time, the amplitudes of the first sine wave exciting current and the second sine wave exciting current are the same.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing the operation of the signal conversion unit 5a and the flow rate output unit 6a.
- the signal converter 5a obtains the amplitude rs6 of the electromotive force sum Es6 of the interelectrode electromotive forces E61 and E62, and obtains the phase difference ⁇ 36 between the real axis and the electromotive force sum Es6 by a phase detector (not shown).
- the signal conversion unit 5a obtains the amplitude rd6 of the electromotive force difference Ed6 between the interelectrode electromotive forces E61 and E62, and obtains the phase difference ⁇ d6 between the real axis and the electromotive force difference Ed6 using a phase detector ( Figure 12 Step S201).
- the interelectrode electromotive forces E61 and E62 can be frequency-separated by a bandpass filter or a comb filter.
- the signal conversion unit 5a calculates the real axis component Es6x and the imaginary axis component Es6y of the electromotive force sum Es6 and the real axis component Ed6x and the imaginary axis component Ed6y of the electromotive force difference Ed6 as follows: It is calculated (step S202).
- Es6x rsD 'cos (s6)... (62)
- Es6y rs6 sin ( ⁇ s6)
- the signal conversion unit 5a calculates the magnitude and angle of the electromotive force EdA6 that approximates the electromotive force difference Ed6 (Step S203).
- the process of step S203 is a process corresponding to obtaining the 3AZ3t component and the vXB component, and is a process corresponding to the calculation of Expression (59).
- the signal converter 5a calculates the magnitude I EdA6 I of the electromotive force EdA6 that approximates the electromotive force difference Ed6 as in the following equation.
- EdA6 I (Ed6x 2 + Ed6y 2 ) 1 2
- the signal conversion unit 5a calculates the angle ZEdA6 of the interelectrode electromotive force EdA6 with respect to the real axis as in the following equation.
- ZEdA6 tan _1 (Ed6y / Ed6x) (67)
- step S203 ends.
- the flow output unit 6a obtains the magnitude and angle of the normalized electromotive force En6 obtained by normalizing the electromotive force sum Es6 with the interelectrode electromotive force EdA6 (step S204).
- the process in step S204 is a process corresponding to the calculation of equation (60).
- the flow output unit 6a calculates the magnitude I En6 I of the normalized electromotive force En6 as in the following equation.
- the flow output unit 6a calculates the angle ZEn6 of the normal driving force En6 with respect to the real axis as in the following equation.
- step S204 This ends the process of step S204.
- the flow output unit 6a calculates the magnitude V of the flow velocity of the fluid to be measured (step S20).
- step S205 is a process corresponding to the calculation of equation (61).
- the flow rate output unit 6a calculates the real axis component En6x of ( ⁇ 6 + ⁇ ) and the imaginary axis component En6y of ( ⁇ 6 + ⁇ ) as in the following equation.
- En6x I En6
- the flow rate output unit 6a calculates the magnitude V of the flow velocity of the fluid to be measured as in the following equation.
- V (En6x 2 + En6y 2 ) 1 2 / ⁇ (72)
- step S205 The signal conversion unit 5a and the flow rate output unit 6a perform the processing of steps S201 to S205 as described above at regular intervals until, for example, the operator instructs the end of the measurement (YES in step S206).
- the electromotive force difference Ed6 is extracted from the interelectrode electromotive forces E61 and E62, and the electromotive force sum Es6 is normalized using the electromotive force difference Ed6. It is also possible to approximately extract the electromotive force sum Es6, which is not limited to this, as a 3AZ3 component, and normalize the electromotive force difference Ed6 using the 3AZ3t component.
- the present embodiment is obtained by adding one pair of electrodes to the electromagnetic flow meter of the first embodiment, and as a method for extracting the vector A of the dA / dt component among the methods described in the basic principle.
- the second extraction method is used, and the second correction method is used as a span correction method. That is, the electromagnetic flow meter of the present embodiment has one excitation coil and two pairs of electrodes.
- the newly added second electrode is added on the same side as the existing first electrode, the redundant configuration of the first embodiment is obtained. Therefore, the second electrode needs to be disposed on a side different from the first electrode with the excitation coil interposed therebetween.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram for explaining the principle of the electromagnetic flow meter of the present embodiment.
- the electromagnetic flow meter is disposed opposite to the measuring tube 1 so as to be perpendicular to both the measuring tube 1 and the magnetic field applied to the fluid to be measured and the axis PAX of the measuring tube and to be in contact with the fluid to be measured.
- first electrode 2a, 2b and second electrode 2c, 2d for detecting electromotive force generated by magnetic field and flow of fluid to be measured, and first electrode 2a, 2b orthogonal to measurement tube axis PAX
- first electrode 2a, 2b orthogonal to measurement tube axis PAX
- the plane is PLN1 and the plane perpendicular to the measurement tube axis PAX and including the second electrodes 2c and 2d is PLN2
- an asymmetric, time-varying magnetic field is measured before and after the measurement tube 1 bordering the plane PLN1.
- It has an excitation coil 3 for applying a fluid and applying an asymmetric, time-varying magnetic field to the fluid to be measured asymmetrically before and after the measurement tube 1 bordering the plane PLN2.
- the first electrodes 2a, 2b are disposed at a position away from the plane PLN3, including the axis of the excitation coil 3, perpendicular to the direction of the measurement tube axis PAX, for example, by an offset distance d3 on the upstream side.
- the second electrodes 2c and 2d are arranged at a position away from the plane PLN3 by, for example, an offset distance d4 on the downstream side, and are arranged so as to face the first electrodes 2a and 2b with the plane PLN interposed therebetween.
- the electrode axis EA connecting the electrodes 2a and 2b is used.
- the electrode connecting the electrodes 2c and 2d on the electrode axis EAX2 is given as follows.
- Equations (73) and (74) b9 and blO are the amplitudes of the magnetic flux densities B9 and B10, ⁇ is the angular frequency, and 09 is the phase difference between the magnetic flux density ⁇ 9 and ⁇ O't (phase Delay), ⁇ 10 is the phase difference between the magnetic flux density B10 and co O't.
- the magnetic flux density B9 is referred to as a magnetic field B9
- the magnetic flux density B10 is referred to as a magnetic field B10.
- the generated eddy current is only a component caused by a change in the magnetic field, and the eddy current I due to the change in the magnetic field Bd has a direction shown in FIG. Therefore, the electromotive force El independent of the flow velocity between the electrodes 2a and 2b generated by the change of the magnetic field Bd in the plane including the electrode axis EAX1 and the measuring tube axis PAX, and the electrode axis EAX2 and the measuring tube axis PAX.
- the electromotive force E2 between the electrodes 2c and 2d generated by the change of the magnetic field Bd in the plane including the direction opposite to the flow velocity is opposite to each other as shown in FIG.
- the generated eddy current includes, in addition to the eddy current I when the flow velocity is 0, a component vX caused by the flow velocity vector V of the fluid to be measured. Since Bd is generated, the eddy current Iv due to the flow velocity vector V and the magnetic field Bd is oriented as shown in FIG. Therefore, the electromotive force Evl of the electrodes 2a and 2b generated by the flow velocity vector V and the magnetic field Bd and the electromotive force Ev2 between the electrodes 2c and 2d generated by the flow velocity V and the magnetic field Bd have the same direction.
- the first interelectrode electromotive force E71 between the electrodes 2a and 2b is expressed by the following equation similar to the equation (20).
- Es7 rk- W 0-b9-exp ⁇ j- ( ⁇ / 2 + ⁇ 9+ ⁇ 00) ⁇
- the distance d3 from the plane PLN3 including the axis of the exciting coil 3 to the electrode axis EAX1 connecting the electrodes 2a and 2b and the distance d4 from the plane PLN3 to the electrode axis EAX2 connecting the electrodes 2c and 2d are If the magnetic fields B9 and B10 are set equal in the initial state (the state at the time of calibration), the difference between the subsequent magnetic fields B9 and B10 becomes small, and the following condition is satisfied.
- represents the magnitude of the complex vector oO'exp (j ' ⁇ 2)' ⁇ b9 + bl0'exp (j ' ⁇ 010) ⁇
- EdA7 rk-exp ⁇ j- ( ⁇ 9+ ⁇ 00) ⁇
- Equation (84) Since equation (84) holds, it is possible to extract the component generated by dA / dt without changing the excitation frequency to binary. Since the interelectrode electromotive force EdA7 is not related to the magnitude V of the flow velocity, it is only a component generated by 3AZ3t. Using the interelectrode electromotive force EdA7, the coefficient (span) of the flow velocity magnitude V of the vXB component in the electromotive force sum Es7 (composite vector Va + Vb) is normalized. Figure 16 shows a complex vector representation of the interelectrode electromotive forces E71, E72, EdA7, electromotive force sum Es7, and electromotive force difference Ed7. E7 IvXB in FIG.
- E71 dA / dt represents the 3 A / 3 t component rk'exp ⁇ j-( ⁇ 9+ ⁇ 00) ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ (] ⁇ ⁇ / 2) 'b9 in the interelectrode electromotive force E71, and E723 AZ 3 t , 3 A at E72 ( ⁇ 9 + ⁇ 00) ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ -expij ⁇ (- ⁇ / 2) ⁇ -blO-exp (j ⁇ ⁇ 10)
- Equation (85) If the sum of the electromotive force Es7 in Equation (79) is normalized by the interelectrode electromotive force EdA7 in Equation (84) and the result of multiplying by ⁇ is ⁇ 7, the normalized electromotive force ⁇ 7 can be expressed by Equation (85). Obviously, the sum of the electromotive force Es7 in Equation (79) is normalized by the interelectrode electromotive force EdA7 in Equation (84) and the result of multiplying by ⁇ is ⁇ 7, the normalized electromotive force ⁇ 7 can be expressed by Equation (85). Become.
- Equation 85) The second term on the right side of Equation (85) is a term obtained by normalizing the component generated by ⁇ with the component generated by 3 ⁇ 3t.
- FIG. 17 shows a complex vector representation of the state of the above-described normal ridge processing.
- Es7vXB represents a vXB component in the electromotive force sum Es7
- n (vXB) is a normalized vXB component [ ⁇ ′exp ⁇ j ′ ( ⁇ ⁇ / 2 + ⁇ 01) ⁇ ] ′
- the complex coefficient relating to the magnitude V of the flow velocity has a magnitude of ⁇ and an angle from the real axis of — ⁇ 2 + ⁇ 01.
- the coefficient ⁇ and the angle ⁇ ⁇ 01 are constants that can be obtained in advance by calibration, etc.
- the second term on the right side of equation (85) is constant unless the flow rate of the fluid to be measured changes.
- V I ⁇ 7 / [ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ] ⁇ (- ⁇ / 2 + ⁇ 001) ⁇ ]
- Table 3 shows the correspondence between the constants and variables used in the basic principle and the constants and variables of this embodiment. As is clear from Table 3, this embodiment is one example that specifically realizes the basic principle.
- FIG. 18 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the electromagnetic flow meter of the present embodiment, and the same components as those in FIG. 13 are denoted by the same reference numerals.
- the electromagnetic flow meter according to the present embodiment includes a measuring tube 1, first electrodes 2a and 2b, second electrodes 2c and 2d, an exciting coil 3, and a power supply unit 4b for supplying an exciting current to the exciting coil 3. And the amplitude and phase of each of the first combined electromotive force detected by the first electrodes 2a and 2b and the second combined electromotive force detected by the second electrodes 2c and 2d.
- the power supply unit 4b supplies a sine wave exciting current having an angular frequency ⁇ to the exciting coil 3.
- the signal converter 5b obtains the amplitude rs7 of the electromotive force sum Es7 of the first interelectrode electromotive force E71 and the second interelectrode electromotive force E72, and calculates the phase difference between the real axis and the electromotive force sum Es7.
- ⁇ s7 is determined by a phase detector (not shown).
- the signal converter 5b calculates the amplitude rd7 of the electromotive force difference Ed7 between the first interelectrode electromotive force E71 and the second interelectrode electromotive force E72, and calculates the phase difference ⁇ between the real axis and the electromotive force difference Ed7. 17 is obtained by the phase detector (step S201 in FIG. 12).
- the interelectrode electromotive forces E71 and E72 can be separated in frequency by a bandpass filter or a comb filter.
- the signal conversion unit 5b calculates the real axis component Es7x and the imaginary axis component Es7y of the electromotive force sum Es7 and the real axis component Ed7x and the imaginary axis component Ed7y of the electromotive force difference Ed7 as follows: (Step S202).
- the signal conversion unit 5b After calculating Equations (87) to (90), the signal conversion unit 5b obtains the magnitude and angle of the electromotive force EdA7 that approximates the electromotive force difference Ed7 (Step S203).
- the process of step S203 is a process corresponding to obtaining the 3 AZ d t component and the V XB component, and is a process corresponding to the calculation of equation (84).
- the signal converter 5b calculates the magnitude I EdA7 I of the electromotive force EdA7 that approximates the electromotive force difference Ed7 as in the following equation.
- EdA7 I (Ed7x 2 + Ed7y 2 ) 1 2
- the signal conversion unit 5b calculates the angle ZEdA7 of the interelectrode electromotive force EdA7 with respect to the real axis as in the following equation.
- step S203 ends.
- the flow output unit 6b obtains the magnitude and angle of the normalized electromotive force En7 obtained by normalizing the electromotive force sum Es7 with the interelectrode electromotive force EdA7 (step S204).
- the process of step S204 is a process corresponding to the calculation of equation (85).
- the flow output section 6b has a large normalized electromotive force En7.
- the magnitude I En7 I is calculated as follows.
- the flow rate output unit 6b calculates the angle ZEn7 of the normal impulsive power En7 with respect to the real axis as in the following equation.
- step S204 This ends the process of step S204.
- the flow rate output unit 6b calculates the magnitude V of the flow velocity of the fluid to be measured by Expression (86).
- Step S205 Although ZEn7 is not used in step S205 for calculating the flow velocity (flow rate), this angle is used when performing more accurate measurement by comparing it with the angle obtained at the time of calibration. Since it is not directly related to the operation, the description is omitted here.
- the signal conversion unit 5b and the flow rate output unit 6b perform the processing in steps S201 to S205 as described above, for example, at regular intervals until the operator instructs the end of the measurement (YES in step S206).
- the first electrodes 2a, 2b and the second electrodes 2c, 2d are arranged to face each other with the plane PLN3 including the axis of the excitation coil 3 interposed therebetween.
- the electromotive force difference Ed7 is extracted from the first interelectrode electromotive force E71 and the second interelectrode electromotive force ⁇ 72, and the electromotive force sum Es7 is normalized using the electromotive force difference Ed7.
- the force shown in the example of shading is not limited to this.
- the electromotive force sum Es7 is approximately extracted as a 3AZ3t component, and the electromotive force difference Ed7 is normalized using the 3AZ3t component.
- the sine wave excitation method using a sine wave for the excitation current which does not need to use the rectangular wave excitation method can be used.
- High frequency excitation is possible.
- lZf noise can be removed and the response to flow rate changes can be improved.
- the electrodes 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d used in the first to third embodiments are of a type in which the inner wall force of the measurement tube 1 is exposed and comes into contact with the fluid to be measured.
- the electrodes 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d are covered by a lining 10 formed on the inner wall of the measuring tube 1 and having a strong force such as ceramic or Teflon (registered trademark).
- a pair of electrodes 2a and 2b are used as a first electrode, and a pair of electrodes 2c and 2d are used as a second electrode.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- One first electrode and one second electrode may be used.
- a ground ring or a ground electrode is provided in the measurement tube 1 to bring the potential of the fluid to be measured to the ground potential, and the electromotive force generated at one electrode (ground potential and May be detected by the signal conversion units 5, 5a, 5b.
- the electrode axis is a straight line connecting the pair of electrodes.
- a virtual electrode is placed on a plane PLN including the one real electrode and at a position facing the real electrode with the measurement tube axis PAX interposed therebetween.
- the straight line connecting the real electrode and the virtual electrode is the electrode axis.
- the configuration excluding the detection of the electromotive force includes a CPU, a storage device, and an interface. It can be realized by a computer and a program that controls these hardware resources.
- the present invention can be applied to measurement of the flow rate of a fluid to be measured flowing in a measurement tube.
Abstract
Description
Claims
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US11/578,208 US7434478B2 (en) | 2004-04-09 | 2005-04-08 | Electromagnetic flowmeter for applying a magnetic field and a plurality of frequency components to a fluid |
CN2005800122385A CN1946988B (zh) | 2004-04-09 | 2005-04-08 | 电磁流量计 |
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GB2440964B (en) * | 2006-08-18 | 2011-08-10 | Abb Ltd | Flow meter |
GB2440963B (en) * | 2006-08-18 | 2011-06-08 | Abb Ltd | Flow meter |
KR100748613B1 (ko) | 2007-02-20 | 2007-08-10 | 김진택 | 다중변환 주파수를 이용한 전자유량 측정시스템. |
JP5559499B2 (ja) * | 2009-09-04 | 2014-07-23 | アズビル株式会社 | 状態検出装置 |
JP5391000B2 (ja) * | 2009-09-04 | 2014-01-15 | アズビル株式会社 | 電磁流量計 |
JP5385064B2 (ja) * | 2009-09-09 | 2014-01-08 | アズビル株式会社 | 電磁流量計 |
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US9021890B2 (en) * | 2012-09-26 | 2015-05-05 | Rosemount Inc. | Magnetic flowmeter with multiple coils |
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WO2003027614A1 (fr) * | 2001-09-20 | 2003-04-03 | Yamatake Corporation | Fluxmetre electromagnetique |
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US5426984A (en) * | 1993-09-02 | 1995-06-27 | Rosemount Inc. | Magnetic flowmeter with empty pipe detector |
JP4523318B2 (ja) * | 2004-04-09 | 2010-08-11 | 株式会社山武 | 電磁流量計 |
JP4523343B2 (ja) * | 2004-06-14 | 2010-08-11 | 株式会社山武 | 電磁流量計 |
JP4527484B2 (ja) * | 2004-09-22 | 2010-08-18 | 株式会社山武 | 状態検出装置 |
JP4754932B2 (ja) * | 2005-10-17 | 2011-08-24 | 株式会社山武 | 電磁流量計 |
-
2004
- 2004-04-09 JP JP2004116252A patent/JP4523319B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-04-08 CN CN2005800122385A patent/CN1946988B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-04-08 US US11/578,208 patent/US7434478B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-04-08 WO PCT/JP2005/006937 patent/WO2005098373A1/ja active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003027614A1 (fr) * | 2001-09-20 | 2003-04-03 | Yamatake Corporation | Fluxmetre electromagnetique |
JP2004108973A (ja) * | 2002-09-19 | 2004-04-08 | Yamatake Corp | 電磁流量計 |
JP2004108975A (ja) * | 2002-09-19 | 2004-04-08 | Yamatake Corp | 電磁流量計 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7434478B2 (en) | 2008-10-14 |
JP4523319B2 (ja) | 2010-08-11 |
US20070272030A1 (en) | 2007-11-29 |
CN1946988A (zh) | 2007-04-11 |
JP2005300326A (ja) | 2005-10-27 |
CN1946988B (zh) | 2010-05-05 |
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