Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
  • H01L23/34—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements
  • H01L23/36—Selection of materials, or shaping, to facilitate cooling or heating, e.g. heatsinks
  • H01L23/373—Cooling facilitated by selection of materials for the device or materials for thermal expansion adaptation, e.g. carbon
  • H01L23/3737—Organic materials with or without a thermoconductive filler
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/16—Halogen-containing compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L67/02—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L69/00—Compositions of polycarbonates; Compositions of derivatives of polycarbonates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L77/02—Polyamides derived from omega-amino carboxylic acids or from lactams thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L77/06—Polyamides derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G2261/50—Physical properties
  • C08G2261/51—Charge transport
  • C08G2261/514—Electron transport
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/10—Metal compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
  • C08K5/13—Phenols; Phenolates
  • C08K5/134—Phenols containing ester groups
  • C08K5/1345—Carboxylic esters of phenolcarboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
  • C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
  • C08K9/04—Ingredients treated with organic substances
  • C08K9/06—Ingredients treated with organic substances with silicon-containing compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
  • C08L2205/12—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing additives being liquid crystalline or anisotropic in the melt
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
  • C08L23/08—Copolymers of ethene
  • C08L23/0846—Copolymers of ethene with unsaturated hydrocarbons containing atoms other than carbon or hydrogen
  • C08L23/0869—Copolymers of ethene with unsaturated hydrocarbons containing atoms other than carbon or hydrogen with unsaturated acids, e.g. [meth]acrylic acid; with unsaturated esters, e.g. [meth]acrylic acid esters
  • C08L23/0884—Epoxide-containing esters
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
  • H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
  • H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00

Definitions

• the present invention relates to thermally conductive thermoplastic resin compositions comprising thermoplastic polymer and calcium fluoride, and, optionally, one or more of fibrous filler, liquid crystalline polymer, and polymeric toughening agent.
• thermoplastic polymeric resin compositions are used in a broad range of applications such as in automotive parts, electrical and electronic parts, machine parts and the like. In many cases, because of the design flexibility they permit and their low cost, polymer resin compositions have replaced metal in these applications. However, many of these applications require that the parts be in the vicinity of or in contact with heat sources such as motors or electrical lights. It is therefore desirable to form these parts from materials that are sufficiently thermally conductive to dissipate the heat generated. While metal parts thermally conductive, they are also often electrically conductive, which can be undesirable in certain applications.
• Thermoplastic resin compositions are generally thermally insulating and typically electrically insulating unless they contain large amounts of electrically conductive additives.
• a thermally conductive, electrically insulating thermoplastic resin composition would be desirable and could replace metals, and in particular, aluminum, in many applications.
• Japanese patent application publication 2003-040619 discloses a method of surface treating calcium fluoride powder with a silane coupling agent and blending the coated powder with thermoplastic resins and, optionally, fillers to produce a thermally conductive composition
• the surface treatment step adds additional complexity and expense.
• thermoplastic polymer compositions comprising: (a) about 15 to about 70 weight percent of at least one isotropic thermoplastic polymer selected from the group consisting of thermoplastic polyesters, polyamides, polyacetals, polycarbonates, polyphenylene oxides, polyphenylene sulfides, polysulphones, polyarylates, polyetheretherketones, polyetherketoneketones, and syndiotactic polystyrenes; (b) about 30 to about 70 weight percent of uncoated calcium fluoride; (c) 0 to about 30 weight percent of at least one fibrous filler; (d) 0 to about 40 weight percent of at least one liquid crystalline polymer and; (e) 0 to about 15 weight percent of at least one polymeric toughening agent, the above stated percentages being based on the total weight of the composition.
• isotropic thermoplastic polymer selected from the group consisting of thermoplastic polyesters, polyamides, polyacetals, polycarbonates, polyphenylene oxides, polyphenylene
• thermoplastic polymer compositions comprising: (a) about 15 to about 70 weight percent of at least one isotropic thermoplastic selected from the group consisting of thermoplastic polyesters, polyamides, polyacetals, polycarbonates, polyphenylene oxides, polyphenylene sulfides, polysulphones, polyarylates, polyetheretherketones, polyetherketoneketones, and syndiotactic polystyrenes; (b) about 30 to about 70 weight percent of surface-coated calcium fluoride; (c) about 2 to about 15 weight percent of at least one polymeric toughening agent or about 5 to about 40 weight percent of at least one liquid crystalline polymer, or a mixture of these; and (d) 0 to about 30 weight percent of at least one fibrous filler; the above stated percentages being based on the total weight of the composition.
• isotropic thermoplastic selected from the group consisting of thermoplastic polyesters, polyamides, polyacetals, polycarbonates, polyphenylene oxides, polypheny
• composition of the present invention comprises (a) at least one isotropic thermoplastic polymer, (b) calcium fluoride, optionally (c) at least one fibrous filler, optionally (d) at least one liquid crystalline polymer, optionally (e) at least one polymeric toughening agent, and optionally (e) additional additives.
• thermoplastic polymer herein is meant an isotropic thermoplastic polymer.
• isotropic herein is meant a polymer that is isotropic when tested by the TOT test or any reasonable variation thereof, as described in U.S. Patent 4,118,372, which is hereby included by reference. Mixtures of thermoplastic polymers and/or thermoplastic copolymers may be used.
• thermoplastic polymers include polyesters, polyamides, polyacetals, polycarbonates, polyphenylene oxides, polyphenylene sulfides, polysulphones, polyarylates, polyetheretherketones (PEEK), polyetherketoneketones (PEKK), and syndiotactic polystyrenes.
• polyesters, polyamides, and polyacetals More preferred are polyesters.
• Preferred thermoplastic polyesters include polyesters having an inherent viscosity of 0.3 or greater and that are, in general, linear saturated condensation products of diols and dicarboxylic acids, or reactive derivatives thereof.
• they will comprise condensation products of aromatic dicarboxylic acids having 8 to 14 carbon atoms and at least one diol selected from the group consisting of neopentyl glycol, cyclohexanedimethanol, 2,2-dimethyl-1 ,3-propane diol and aliphatic glycols of the formula HO(CH 2 ) n OH where n is an integer of 2 to 10.
• diol may be an aromatic diol such as ethoxylated bisphenol A, sold under the tradename Dianol 220 by Akzo Nobel Chemicals, Inc.; hydroquinone; biphenol; or bisphenol A.
• aromatic dicarboxylic acids can be replaced by at least one different aromatic dicarboxylic acid having from 8 to 14 carbon atoms, and/or up to 20 mole percent can be replaced by an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having from 2 to 12 carbon atoms.
• Copolymers may be prepared from two or more diols or reactive equivalents thereof and at least one dicarboxylic acid or reactive equivalent thereof or two or more dicarboxylic acids or reactive equivalents thereof and at least one diol or reactive equivalent thereof.
• Difunctional hydroxy acid monomers such as hydroxybenzoic acid or hydroxynaphthoic acid or their reactive equivalents may also be used as comonomers.
• Preferred polyesters include poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), poly(1 ,4- butylene terephthalate) (PBT), poly(propylene terephthalate) (PPT), poly(1,4- butylene naphthalate) (PBN), poly(ethylene naphthalate) (PEN), poly(1 ,4- cyclohexylene dimethylene terephthalate) (PCT), and copolymers and mixtures of the foregoing.
• PET poly(ethylene terephthalate)
• PBT poly(1 ,4- butylene terephthalate)
• PPT poly(propylene terephthalate)
• PBN poly(1,4- butylene naphthalate)
• PEN poly(ethylene naphthalate)
• PCT poly(1 ,4- cyclohexylene dimethylene terephthalate)
• aliphatic acids including adipic, sebacic, azelaic, dodecanedioic acid or 1 ,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid
• thermoplastic polyester may also be in the form of copolymers that contain poly(alkylene oxide) soft segments.
• the poly(alkylene oxide) segments are to be present in about 1 to about 15 parts by weight per 100 parts per weight of thermoplastic polyester.
• the poly(alkylene oxide) segments have a number average molecular weight in the range of about 200 to about 3,250 or, preferably, in the range of about 600 to about 1 ,500.
• Preferred copolymers contain poly(ethylene oxide) incorporated into a PET or PBT chain. Methods of incorporation are known to those skilled in the art and can include using the poly(alkylene oxide) soft segment as a comonomer during the polymerization reaction to form the polyester.
• PET may be blended with copolymers of PBT and at least one poly(alkylene oxide).
• a poly(alkyene oxide) may also be blended with a PET/PBT copolymer.
• poly(alkylene oxide) soft segment may accelerate the rate of crystallization of the polyester.
• Preferred polyamides include polyamide 6, polyamide 66, polyamide 612, polyamide 610, or other aliphatic polyamides and semi-aromatic polyamides, such as those derived from terephthalic acid and/or isophthalic acid. Examples include polyamides 9T; 10T; 12T; polyamides derived from hexamethylenediamine, adipic acid, and terephthalic acid; and polyamides derived from hexamethylenediamine, 2- methylpentamethylenediamine, and terephthalic acid. Blends of two or more polyamides may be used.
• Polyacetals can be either one or more homopolymers, copolymers, or a mixture thereof.
• Homopolymers are prepared by polymerizing formaldehyde or formaldehyde equivalents, such as cyclic oligomers of formaldehyde.
• Copolymers can contain one or more comonomers generally used in preparing polyoxymethylene compositions. Commonly used comonomers include alkylene oxides of 2-12 carbon atoms. If a copolymer is selected, the quantity of comonomer will not be more than 20 weight percent, preferably not more than 15 weight percent, and most preferably about two weight percent.
• Preferable comonomers are ethylene oxide and butylene oxide
• preferable polyoxymethylene copolymers are copolymers of formaldehyde and ethylene oxide or butylene oxide where the quantity of ethylene oxide or butylene oxide is about two (2) weight percent.
• the homo- and copolymers are: 1) those whose terminal hydroxy groups are end-capped by a chemical reaction to form ester or ether groups; or, 2) copolymers that are not completely end-capped, but that have some free hydroxy ends from the comonomer unit.
• Preferred end groups in either case, are acetate and methoxy.
• the thermoplastic polymer will preferably be present in about 15 to about 70 weight percent, or more preferably about 30 to about 60 weight percent, based on the total weight of the composition.
• the calcium fluoride used as component (b) in the present invention will preferably be in the form of a powder.
• the calcium fluoride will preferably not been surface coated or treated prior to use. Surface coated or treated calcium fluoride may be used if a polymeric toughening agent and/or liquid crystalline polymer is used in the composition. Examples of surface coatings are aminosilanes or expoxysilanes.
• the calcium fluoride will preferably be present in about 30 to about 70 weight percent, or more preferably in about 45 to about 60 weight percent, based on the total weight of the composition.
• the fibrous filler used as component (c) in the present invention is a needlelike fibrous material.
• preferred fibrous fillers include wollastonite (calcium silicate whiskers), glass fibers, aluminum borate fibers, calcium carbonate fibers, and potassium titanate fibers.
• the fibrous filler will preferably have a weight average aspect ratio of at least 5, or more preferably of at least 10.
• the optional fibrous filler will preferably be present in about 5 to about 30 weight percent, or more preferably in about 5 to about 20 weight percent, based on the total weight of the composition.
• a liquid crystalline polymer (abbreviated "LCP") is meant a polymer that is anisotropic when tested using the TOT test or any reasonable variation thereof, as described in U.S.
• LCP's include polyesters, poly(ester-amides), and poly(ester-imides).
• One preferred form of LCP is "all aromatic", that is all of the groups in the polymer main chain are aromatic (except for the linking groups such as ester groups), but side groups which are not aromatic may be present.
• the liquid crystalline polymers of component (d) of the compositions of the present invention will preferably be present in about 5 to about 40 weight percent, or more preferably in about 10 to about 30 weight percent, based on the total weight of the composition.
• the polymeric toughening agent optionally used as component (e) in the present invention is any toughening agent that is effective for the thermoplastic polymer used.
• the toughening agent will typically be an elastomer or has a relatively low melting point, generally ⁇ 200 °C, preferably ⁇ 150 °C and that has attached to it functional groups that can react with the thermoplastic polyester (and optionally other polymers present). Since thermoplastic polyesters usually have carboxyl and hydroxyl groups present, these functional groups usually can react with carboxyl and/or hydroxyl groups. Examples of such functional groups include epoxy, carboxylic anhydride, hydroxyl (alcohol), carboxyl, and isocyanate. Preferred functional groups are epoxy, and carboxylic anhydride, and epoxy is especially preferred.
• Such functional groups are usually "attached" to the polymeric toughening agent by grafting small molecules onto an already existing polymer or by copolymerizing a monomer containing the desired functional group when the polymeric tougher molecules are made by copolymerization.
• maleic anhydride may be grafted onto a hydrocarbon rubber using free radical grafting techniques.
• the resulting grafted polymer has carboxylic anhydride and/or carboxyl groups attached to it.
• An example of a polymeric toughening agent wherein the functional groups are copolymerized into the polymer is a copolymer of ethylene and a (meth)acrylate monomer containing the appropriate functional group.
• (meth)acrylate herein is meant the compound may be either an acrylate, a methacrylate, or a mixture of the two.
• Useful (meth)acrylate functional compounds include (meth)acrylic acid, 2-hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, glycidyl (meth)acrylate, and 2-isocyanatoethyl (meth)acrylate.
• ethylene and a functional (meth)acrylate monomer may be copolymerized into such a polymer, such as vinyl acetate, unfunctionalized (meth)acrylate esters such as ethyl (meth)acrylate, n-butyl (meth)acrylate, and cyclohexyl (meth)acrylate.
• Preferred toughening agents include those listed in U.S. Patent 4,753,980, which is hereby included by reference.
• Especially preferred toughening agents are copolymers of ethylene, ethyl acrylate or n-butyl acrylate, and glycidyl methacrylate.
• the polymeric toughening agent used with thermoplastic polyesters contain about 0.5 to about 20 weight percent of monomers containing functional groups, preferably about 1.0 to about 15 weight percent, more preferably about 7 to about 13 weight percent of monomers containing functional groups. There may be more than one type of functional monomer present in the polymeric toughening agent. It has been found that toughness of the composition is increased by increasing the amount of polymeric toughening agent and/or the amount of functional groups. However, these amounts should preferably not be increased to the point that the composition may crosslink, especially before the final part shape is attained.
• the polymeric toughening agent used with thermoplastic polyesters may also be thermoplastic acrylic polymers that are not copolymers of ethylene.
• thermoplastic acrylic polymers are made by polymerizing acrylic acid, acrylate esters (such as methyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, n- hexyl acrylate, and n-octyl acrylate), methacrylic acid, and methacrylate esters (such as methyl methacrylate, n-propyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, t7-butyl methacrylate (BA), isobutyl methacrylate, n-amyl methacrylate, n-octyl methacrylate, glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and the like).
• acrylate esters such as methyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, n- hexyl acrylate, and n-oc
• Copolymers derived from two or more of the forgoing types of monomers may also be used, as well as copolymers made by polymerizing one or more of the forgoing types of monomers with styrene, acryonitrile, butadiene, isoprene, and the like. Part or all of the components in these copolymers should preferably have a glass transition temperature of not higher than 0 °C.
• Preferred monomers for the preparation of a thermoplastic acrylic polymer toughening agent are methyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, n-hexyl acrylate, and n-octyl acrylate.
• a thermoplastic acrylic polymer toughening agent have a core-shell structure.
• the core-shell structure is one in which the core portion preferably has a glass transition temperature of 0 °C or less, while the shell portion is preferably has a glass transition temperature higher than that of the core portion.
• the core portion may be grafted with silicone.
• the shell section may be grafted with a low surface energy substrate such as silicone, fluorine, and the like.
• An acrylic polymer with a core-shell structure that has low surface energy substrates grafted to the surface will aggregate with itself during or after mixing with the thermoplastic polyester and other components of the composition of the invention and can be easily uniformly dispersed in the composition.
• Suitable toughening agents for polyamides are described in US Patent 4,174,358.
• Preferred toughening agents include polyolefins modified with a compatibilizing agent such as an acid anhydride, dicarboxylic acid or derivative thereof, carboxylic acid or derivative thereof, and/or an epoxy group.
• the compatibilizing agent may be introduced by grafting an unsaturated acid anhydride, dicarboxylic acid or derivative thereof, carboxylic acid or derivative thereof, and/or an epoxy group to a polyolefin.
• the compatibilizing agent may also be introduced while the polyolefin is being made by copolymerizing with monomers containing an unsaturated acid anhydride, dicarboxylic acid or derivative thereof, carboxylic acid or derivative thereof, and/or an epoxy group.
• the compatibilizing agent preferably contains from 3 to 20 carbon atoms.
• Examples of typical compounds that may be grafted to (or used as comonomers to make) a polyolefin are acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, citrconic acid, maleic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, crotonic anhydride and citraconic anhydride.
• Preferred toughening agents for polyacetals include thermoplastic polyurethanes, polyester polyether elastomers, other functionalized and/or grafted rubber, and polyolefins that contain polar groups that are either grafted to their backbones or were incorporated by copolymerizing with a monomer that contained one or more polar groups.
• Preferable comonomers are those that contain epoxide groups, such as glycidyl methacrylate.
• a preferred toughening agent is EBAGMA (a terpolymer derived from ethylene, butyl acrylate, and glycidyl methacrylate).
• the optional polymeric toughening agent will preferably be present in about 2 to about 15 weight percent, or more preferably in about 5 to about 15 weight percent, based on the total weight of the composition.
• the compositions of this invention may optionally include one or more plasticizers that are suitable for the thermoplastic polymer used.
• thermoplastic polyesters examples include poly(ethylene glycol) 400 bis(2-ethyl hexanoate), methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) 550 (2-ethyl hexanoate), and tetra(ethylene glycol) bis(2-ethyl hexanoate), and the like.
• the plasticizer will preferably be present in about 0.5 to about 5 weight percent, based on the total weight of the composition.
• the thermoplastic polymer used in the composition of this invention is a polyester
• the composition may also optionally include one or more nucleating agents such as a sodium or potassium salt of a carboxylated organic polymer, the sodium salt of a long chain fatty acid, sodium benzoate, and the like.
• the polyester may be replaced with a polyester having end groups, at least some of which have been neutralized with sodium or potassium.
• the nucleating agent will preferably be present in about 0.1 to about 4 weight percent, based on the total weight of the composition.
• the composition of the present invention may also optionally include one or more flame retardants. Examples of suitable flame retardants include, but are not limited to brominated polystyrene, polymers of brominated styrenes, brominated epoxy compounds, brominated polycarbonates, and poly(pentabromobenzyl acrylate). When used, the flame retardant will preferably be present in about 5 to about 20 weight percent, based on the total weight of the composition.
• Compositions comprising flame retardants may further comprise one or more flame retardant synergists such as, but not limited to, sodium antimonate and antimony oxide.
• the nucleating agent will preferably be present in about 1 to about 6 weight percent, based on the total weight of the composition.
• the thermoplastic resin composition of this invention may also optionally include, in addition to the above components, additives such as heat stabilizers, antioxidants, dyes, pigments, mold release agents, lubricants, UV stabilizers, (paint) adhesion promoters, and the like.
• additives such as heat stabilizers, antioxidants, dyes, pigments, mold release agents, lubricants, UV stabilizers, (paint) adhesion promoters, and the like.
• the foregoing additives will in combination preferably be present in about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent, based on the total weight of the composition.
• compositions of the present invention are in the form of a melt-mixed blend, wherein all of the polymeric components are well-dispersed within each other and all of the non-polymeric ingredients are homogeneously dispersed in and bound by the polymer matrix, such that the blend forms a unified whole.
• the blend may be obtained by combining the component materials using any melt-mixing method.
• the component materials may be mixed to homogeneity using a melt-mixer such as a single or twin-screw extruder, blender, kneader, Banbury mixer, etc. to give a resin composition. Part of the materials may be mixed in a melt-mixer, and the rest of the materials may then be added and further melt-mixed until homogeneous.
• the sequence of mixing in the manufacture of the thermally conductive polymer resin composition of this invention may be such that individual components may be melted in one shot, or the filler and/or other components may be fed from a side feeder, and the like, as will be understood by those skilled in the art.
• the composition of the present invention may be formed into articles using methods known to those skilled in the art, such as, for example, injection molding, blow molding, or extrusion. Such articles can include those for use in motor housings, lamp housings, lamp housings in automobiles and other vehicles, and electrical and electronic housings. Examples of lamp housings in automobiles and other vehicles are front and rear lights, including headlights, tail lights, and brake lights, particularly those that use light-emitting diode (LED) lamps.
• the articles may serve as replacements for articles made from aluminum or other metals in many applications.
• the polymeric compositions shown in Table 1 were prepared by compounding in a 30 mm Werner and Pfleiderer twin screw extruder. All ingredients were blended together and added to the rear (barrel 1 ) of the extruder except that Nyglos and glass fibers were side-fed into barrel 5 (of 10 barrels) and the plasticizer was added using a liquid injection pump. Barrel temperatures were set at about 270 °C for poly(butylene terephthalate) compositions and about 285 °C poly(ethylene terephthalate) compositions resulting in melt temperatures of about 280 and 320 °C, respectively. The compositions were molded into ASTM test specimens on a 3 or 6 oz injection molding machine for the measurement of mechanical properties.
• melt temperature were about 270-300 °C and mold temperatures were about 80 ° for poly(butylene terephthalate) compositions and 120 °C for poly(ethylene terephthalate) compositions.
• Thermal conductivity was determined on 2 inch diameter disks with a thickness of 1/8 inch using a Holometrix TCA-300 thermal conductivity analyzer at 50 °C, following ASTM F-433-77. Results are shown in Table 1. A thermal conductivity of at least 0.5 W/nvK is deemed to be acceptable.
• Notched Izod impact resistance was determined using ASTM D256. Melt viscosity was determined using a Kayeness melt rheometer at 1000 cm “1 and the temperatures shown in Table 1.
• PBT refers to Crastin® 6131, a poly(butylene terephthalate) homopolymerwith an inherent viscosity of about 0.82 manufactured by E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co.,
• PET refers to Crystar® TF3934, a poly(ethylene terephthalate) homopolymer with an inherent viscosity of about 0.67 manufactured by E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co.,
• Calcium fluoride is 325 mesh powder manufactured by Seaforth Mineral & Ore
• Barium sulfate is Gradde Blanc-fixe HD80 manufactured by Sachtleben Chemie GmbH Duisburg, Germany.
• mice is Phlogopite Mica 5040 manufactured by Seaforth Mineral & Ore Co.Jnc
• Nyglos® 4 refers to wollastonite fibers with an average length of approximately 9 ⁇ m and no sizing available from Nyco Minerals, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
• E BAG MA refers to an ethylene/n-butyl acrylate/glycidyl methacrylate terpolymer made from 66.75 weight percent ethylene, 28 weight percent n-butyl acrylate, and
• Plasthall® 809 refers to poly(ethylene glycol) 400 di-2-ethylhexanoate, a plasticizer supplied by the OP. Hall Company, Chicago, III.
• Glass fibers refers to PPG 3563 glass fibers manufactured by PPG Industries, Inc.
• Irganox® 1010 refers to an antioxidant manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals,
• LCP refers to Zenite® 6000, a liquid crystalline polymer manufactured by E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co., Wilmington, DE. Table 1
• Example 1 A comparison of Example 1 with Comparative Examples 1 and 2 demonstrates that thermoplastic polymer compositions containing calcium fluoride show acceptable thermal conductivity, while those containing other fillers (barium sulfate and mica) do not.
• Examples 2-4 demonstrate that thermoplastic polymer compositions containing calcium fluoride and having good thermal conductivity can be toughened by using a polymeric impact modifier.
• Example 3 demonstrates that the melt viscosity of such compositions may be decreased by using a plasticizer.
• a comparison of Example 5 with Comparative Examples 3 and 4 demonstrates that compositions having good thermal conductivity can be obtained using liquid crystalline polymers and calcium fluoride. And comparison of Example 5 with Example 1 shows that the use of liquid crystalline polymers in thermoplastic polymer compositions containing calcium fluoride can further increase thermal conductivity.

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