WO2005070676A2 - Imprimante a jet d’encre continu - Google Patents
Imprimante a jet d’encre continu Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005070676A2 WO2005070676A2 PCT/FR2004/050077 FR2004050077W WO2005070676A2 WO 2005070676 A2 WO2005070676 A2 WO 2005070676A2 FR 2004050077 W FR2004050077 W FR 2004050077W WO 2005070676 A2 WO2005070676 A2 WO 2005070676A2
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- jet
- ink
- nozzle
- printer
- downstream
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
- B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
- B41J2/01—Ink jet
- B41J2/07—Ink jet characterised by jet control
- B41J2/115—Ink jet characterised by jet control synchronising the droplet separation and charging time
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
- B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
- B41J2/01—Ink jet
- B41J2/015—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process
- B41J2/02—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating a continuous ink jet
- B41J2/025—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating a continuous ink jet by vibration
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
- B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
- B41J2/01—Ink jet
- B41J2/07—Ink jet characterised by jet control
- B41J2/105—Ink jet characterised by jet control for binary-valued deflection
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
- B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
- B41J2/01—Ink jet
- B41J2/015—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process
- B41J2/02—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating a continuous ink jet
- B41J2002/022—Control methods or devices for continuous ink jet
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
- B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
- B41J2/01—Ink jet
- B41J2/015—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process
- B41J2/02—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating a continuous ink jet
- B41J2/03—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating a continuous ink jet by pressure
- B41J2002/033—Continuous stream with droplets of different sizes
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of printheads and continuous ink jet printers. It also relates to a method of selective projection of parts of a conductive ink jet and in particular a method of printing by continuous ink jet.
- the method and the printer in accordance with the present invention can be used in all industrial fields related to writing, in particular marking, coding, addressing, personalization and decoration of industrial products.
- the amount of charge transferred to the drops of the jet is variable as a function of the value of an electrical potential applied to a charging electrode located in a drop formation zone.
- the potential applied to the charging electrode is determined according to the write command. This potential is in correspondence with the intended destination of the drop on the substrate or in a recovery gutter if the drop is not intended for printing, for the drop which will pass in the electric field determined by the potential of the electrodes dump.
- This technology thanks to its multiple levels of deflection, allows a single nozzle to print, by segment or frame, - stitch line of a given height -, the entire pattern.
- the passage from one segment to another is effected by the continuous displacement, perpendicular to said segment, of the substrate with respect to the print head.
- the second variant is that of the binary continuous jet.
- This technique differs mainly from the previous one by the fact that the charge level of the drops is binary.
- drops When passing through the deflection electrodes, drops are deflected uniformly or not deflected depending on the charge they have received.
- the printing of characters or patterns therefore generally requires the use of multi-nozzle printheads, the distance between the holes coinciding with that of the impacts on the printing medium.
- the drops intended for printing are the non-deflected drops, that is to say, whose binary level of charge is zero.
- the ink which is not used to mark the substrate is sent to an unused gutter or recuperator of ink and is recycled in a circuit d ink so that it returns to the print nozzles.
- a process for breaking the jet into drops is very well described for example in a patent bearing the number US-A-4, 220, 958 whose inventor is Mr. CRO LEY.
- the inkjet conductive passes through electrodes periodically brought to a relatively high potential. Under the action of these electrodes, the ink jet charges.
- the ink emission nozzles are vibrated.
- the jet of liquid is excited electrohydrodynamically with an electrohydrodynamic exciter (EHD).
- EHD electrohydrodynamic exciter
- a third technique is to impose a pressure variation on the liquid at the level of the nozzle by means of a piezoelectric crystal introduced into a supply cavity of the nozzle.
- the latter technique is dominant in the literature and is used for example in the IBM 6640 machine (registered trademark).
- the invention of CROWLEY relates to an electro- hydrodynamics in which the length of the electrodes traversed by the ink jet is equal to half the distance between the drops.
- printers have a plurality of nozzles, each nozzle is associated with a stimulation device having the dual function of expelling a drop (kinetic energy) and controlling its formation (profile of the drop).
- This stimulation device which is activated on demand by an electrical signal, comes in two main variants:
- the "Bubble jet” technology initially developed by Canon and Hewlett-Packard is mainly implemented in the field of office automation.
- a heating element placed in a duct locally produces the vaporization of the ink, the growth of the gas bubble produces the expulsion of a small drop of ink towards the print medium.
- the "piezoelectric” technology is based on the deformation of a piezoelectric ceramic to create an overpressure and thus project drops of ink.
- the former offer: - a wider range of usable ink and therefore a wider variety of printable media, - a higher drop frequency and therefore an increased printing speed (around 100 kHz and a few meters per second against approximately 10 kHz and a few centimeters per second), - a printing distance from the underside of the print head to the upper support (approximately 10 to 30 mm versus 1 mm).
- the simplicity of the design of drop-on-demand print heads is not found in multi-nozzle binary continuous jet printers. Dedicated charge electrodes of each jet must be controlled individually, at the frequency of drop formation and at voltage levels up to 350 volts.
- a first invention having as inventor Vago is described in patent application EP 949077 or US 6,273,559 provides a stimulation device operating at a frequency F, and controlled by two voltage levels. Depending on the voltage applied to the stimulation device, the jet breaking point occurs at a point C or at a point L. Before going further, it is necessary to know the following.
- the difference in voltage level applied to the stimulation means is such that the breaking points of the jet C and D are separated from each other by a distance which is strictly less than the length d jet wave.
- the breaking point C is at a position where there is a potential equal to that of the ink, so that the drops formed in C are not charged. These uncharged drops are not subsequently deflected by deflection electrodes and will print the printing substrate.
- the breaking point L is at a position where there is a potential different from that of the ink, so that the drops formed in L are charged. These charged drops are deflected later by the deflection electrodes and are directed to a recovery gutter to be recycled in the ink circuit.
- Point C is located approximately midway between sets of upstream and downstream electrodes brought to equal potentials and of opposite sign.
- the distance CL is too short to create sections.
- the fragmentation of the jet is located in the set of electrodes and preferably in front of an electrode well identified according to whether the jet portion must be printed or collected by the gutter.
- the jet is in the form of a succession of electrically isolated drops, that is to say without on-board electrical charge, physically distinct, framed by electrically charged sections which are deflected towards the gutter.
- the generation of the isolated drops (of zero electrical charge) is triggered by an intermittent stimulation system not described.
- the intermittent stimulation of a jet can be ensured by an ElectroHydroDynamic (US patent 4,220,958 - Crowley) or thermal (US 3,878,519 - Eaton) actuator.
- the break position of the continuous jet to form a drop on demand, is placed in an area where an electrode common to all the nozzles of the print head maintains a potential equal to that of the ink in the print head.
- a charging electrode is placed downstream of this breaking position.
- a jet portion placed downstream of the break position is in the zone of influence of the charging electrodes.
- the drops are formed before crossing the electric field of the charge electrodes, they are electrically isolated and do not charge. These uncharged drops formed on demand are not deflected by deflection electrodes placed downstream of the charge electrodes. They will therefore print the printing substrate.
- Vago's first and second inventions thus combine the advantages of drop-on-demand printing with those of the continuous jet.
- the present invention aims to combine the advantages of drop-on-demand printing with those of the continuous jet. It will be recalled that these advantages include in particular: elimination for each jet of the set of individual electrodes for charging the drops and of the control circuit associated with this set of individual electrodes.
- the manufacturing is simplified and the overall size of the print heads is reduced.
- the charge electrodes must create a charge field in an area separate from the protection area reserved for drops intended for printing, of at most the diameter of a drop. In this way the shortest sections, the length of which is approximately two drop diameters, have, before breaking, a part located in the loading zone and can be loaded.
- the charging electrodes it is preferable for the charging electrodes to have a zone of influence whose length in the direction of the axis of the jet is large enough to ensure charging of a section in proportion to the length of said section, and therefore to its mass.
- the present invention also aims at better control of the ink jet parts not intended for printing. It also aims to simplify the manufacture of the printheads by relaxing the tolerances on the position of the electrodes common to all the nozzles of the head. It also aims at an increased compaction of the overall dimensions of the printhead, and a greater printing distance.
- the jet instead of breaking the jet, only to create the drops necessary for printing, the jet then being divided into drops and sections of jet, it is also broken in a regular and controlled manner to create drops which will be , for example, electrically charged and deflected by deflection electrodes.
- the means for stimulating the jet intended to break the jet, are capable of causing the jet to be broken in two positions of the jet axially separated from each other, an upstream breaking position and a downstream breaking position, the latter being further downstream in the direction of advance of the jet than the upstream position. At the upstream break position the jet will be broken intermittently to create the ink drops that will be used for printing.
- the jet can be continuously from the nozzle, if no intermittent drop has been formed, or on the contrary distributed in drop (s) and section (s) if one or more intermittent drops have been formed .
- the upstream break position will, for example, be in an area in which electrodes maintain a potential equal to that of the ink in the print head, so that the intermittent drops will not be electrically charged.
- the downstream break position is in the example here commented on, in an area where the charging electrodes maintain a potential different from that of the ink in the print head so that the continuous drops will be electrically charged.
- the jet In the downstream break position, the jet is broken if there has been no break intermittent in the upstream position, on the other hand if there has been a break in the upstream position, the resulting jet section is continuously divided into drops. Thus after the downstream break position, the jet is entirely divided into drops. Deflection electrodes located downstream of the two breaking positions then make it possible to sort between the charged drops and the uncharged drops to send one to a recovery gutter and the other to a printing medium.
- the invention relates to an inkjet printer comprising: - a print head with one or more nozzles having a head body accommodating in particular for each nozzle, - a hydraulic path of the ink comprising , a stimulation chamber in hydraulic communication with one of the printing nozzles emitting an ink jet under pressure along an axis of this nozzle, - internal means for stimulating the ink jet emitted by the nozzle mechanically coupled to the ink housed in the stimulation chamber, these means acting on the jet emitted by the nozzle to break the jet in a controlled manner, and - means for recovering the ink which is not received by a printing substrate , - a generator of electrical control signals receiving a control signal and delivering to the stimulation means, stimulation signals, - an arrangement of charge electrodes defining upstream zones around the axis of the nozzle and downstream, the downstream area being further from the nozzle than the upstream area, upstream and downstream electrodes of this arrangement being connected to sources of electrical potential so as to maintain in one of the areas a potential
- the electrical control signal generator can be physically separated from the printer head. It can also be part of it physically. In the latter case, the invention also relates to the printer head.
- the printer or the printer head according to the invention is characterized in that the upstream electrode of the arrangement of charging electrodes is connected to the same potential as the ink.
- the charged drops are those which result from a break in the jet or sections of the jet in the downstream zone. They are deflected by the arrangement of deflection electrodes towards the ink recovery means.
- Each period of the periodic signal creates a mechanical reaction of the stimulation means, this reaction causing the jet or sections of the jet to break in the downstream zone.
- Each intermittent pulse of the pulse signal creates a mechanical reaction of the stimulation means causing the jet to break in the upstream zone into a drop and a section.
- the charged drops could be directed towards the printing substrate and the uncharged drops towards the ink recovery means.
- the upstream breaking position where the drops intended for printing are formed, is in an area where an arrangement of electrodes maintains a potential different from that of the ink, while the potential maintained in the downstream zone is at a value equal to that of the ink.
- the printer or the printer head according to the invention is characterized in that the stimulation means comprise a piezoelectric material, the generator of electrical control signals delivering to the stimulation means a signal d 'continuous printing formed by a periodic signal of period Tb, replaced intermittently by a pulse signal preceded and followed by transition signals.
- the printer or the printer head according to the invention is characterized in that the pulse signal delivered by the electric control signal generator is constituted by a pulse comprising 3 consecutive voltage steps connected to the one to the next by a steep rise or fall edge.
- the printer or the printer head according to the invention is characterized in that the impulse signal delivered by the electric control signal generator is constituted by a succession of 3 rectangular pulses separated from each other by voltage level steps below the level of the lowest level pulse.
- the printer or the printer head according to the invention is characterized in that the periodic signal delivered by the electric control signal generator consists of a signal whose spectrum consists of two lines at a first frequency and a line at a second frequency twice the first, other possible lines of the spectrum having coefficients much lower than the coefficients associated with the lines of the first or second frequency, for example a signal resulting from a combination of two signals sinusoidal.
- the periodic signal delivered by the electric control signal generator can also consist of a combination of more than two sinusoidal signals.
- the printer or the printer head according to the invention is characterized in that the sum of the durations of the pulse signal and of the Transition signals delivered by the electrical control signal generator is equal to an integer number of periods of the periodic signal.
- the printer or the printer head according to the invention is characterized in that a Helmholtz frequency of part of a hydraulic path of the ink supply from a nozzle located in downstream of a restriction has a value located outside of a bandwidth of the jet coming from this nozzle.
- the printer or the printer head according to the invention is characterized in that the hydraulic path of the ink has a restriction and in that the length of a hydraulic path between an inlet of the restriction and the nozzle is less than a quarter of the wavelength of sound in ink.
- the printer or the printer head according to the invention is characterized in that the system for stimulating a jet emitted by a nozzle is strictly non-resonant, ie the transfer function of the stimulation system is free of resonance peaks in the bandwidth of the jet.
- the transfer function of the stimulation system is defined as the relation existing between the pressure induced by the action of the piezoelectric element and the speed modulation introduced into the jet ejection speed.
- the stimulation system includes therefore not only the stimulation means but also the hydraulic path of the ink in the body of the print head.
- the printer or the printer head according to the invention is characterized in that the stimulation means comprise, in addition to the piezoelectric material, a membrane which is mechanically coupled to it, a resonance frequency of one vibrating element formed of the membrane and the piezoelectric material being greater than a jet cutoff frequency.
- the invention also relates to a method of printing a support by means of a printer according to the invention in one of its embodiments in which an ink jet emitted by a nozzle of the printer is fractionated for intermittently forming first drops going to strike the substrate to form points and sections, characterized in that, - the jet or the sections resulting from the fractionation of the jet are further fractionated into first drops and sections, in second drops, the second drops resulting from this last fractionation being directed towards the gutter.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective diagram intended to explain the mode of operation of an inkjet printer according to the invention
- - Figure 2 includes parts a and b.
- Part a is a diagram showing the mode of breaking the jet in a non-printing situation
- part b is a diagram showing the mode of breaking the jet in a printing situation
- - Figure 3 includes parts a to g. Each of the parts shows a step in the usual mode of jet breaking
- - Figure 4 includes parts a and b.
- Parts a and b are graphs on the ordinate of voltage values and on the abscissa of duration values, each showing an example of impulse signal which can be applied to the stimulation means in order to obtain an intermittent breaking of the jet; - Figure 5 includes parts a to d.
- Parts a to d are graphs showing voltage values on the ordinate and duration values on the x-axis
- the graph in part a is an example of a signal which can be applied to the stimulation means in order to obtain a faultless break in the jet in non-printing situation
- the graph in part c is an example of a signal which can be applied to the stimulation means in order to obtain a faultless break in the jet in the printing situation
- the graphs of parts b and d each represent a logic state of a print command signal
- - Figure 6 is an example of a section of a print head showing the path of one ink in a body of the head
- - Figure 7 is a graph showing the transfer function of an example of stimulation system. It has on the abscissa the speed disturbance brought locally to the jet as a function of the frequency of mechanical stimulation present in the ink circuit upstream of the nozzle.
- Figure 1 shows schematically and in perspective the parts of a printer concerned by the invention. This figure does not show in particular the means of transport of the printing medium. This figure is essentially intended to explain the operation of a printer based on the present invention.
- the printer 10 comprises one, as shown, or several printheads 1.
- a head 1 comprising 3 nozzles 29 for ejecting an ink jet 30.
- the number of nozzles is much greater.
- a body 23 of the print head comprises in particular a hydraulic path of the ink and a stimulation chamber 28 which will be described in more detail later in connection with FIG. 6.
- Each stimulation chamber 28 is , in a manner known per se, constantly filled with an ink maintained at constant pressure by a supply of ink under pressure 27.
- Each stimulation chamber 28 comprises means stimulation 31 each formed by a piezoelectric element 25 and a membrane 24.
- a generator 32 of control signals of the stimulation means 31 is connected to each of the piezoelectric elements 25.
- Control signals IMP intended for each of the stimulation means 31 are received by the circuit 32 preferably, as shown in FIG. 1, on a parallel bus comprising a channel for each means 31.
- An ink supply circuit common to the chambers 28 is symbolized in this figure by arrows 14 showing that drops of ink 43 formed at a downstream position of breakage of the jet 30 or of sections 38 of this jet are recovered in a gutter 40 common to all of the nozzles of a head and directed towards suction and setting means in pressure symbolized by a block 13.
- Such an ink circuit supplying with ink 16 under pressure each of the chamber 27 inlets 27 is itself known.
- the pressure exerted on the ink is high enough to cause the ejection of an ink jet 30, through each ink ejection nozzle 29, at an average speed Vj.
- a nozzle 29 has a section whose equivalent radius is equal to a ', which is also approximately the radius of the jet 30.
- the stimulation device 31, controlled by the electrical signal generator 32, makes it possible to create a disturbance inside of the chamber 28, causing the jet 30 to break into drops 33, 43.
- the electrical stimulation signals are such that on the one hand, intermittently, the jet is said to break intermittently in a first axial position 11, and on the other hand a second break of the jet at a second axial position 12 downstream of the first, called continuous break.
- the drops 33 are the drops resulting from the intermittent breaking and the drops 43 are the drops resulting from the continuous breaking. Examples of signals capable of causing intermittent and continuous breaks will be given below.
- a charging electrode 35 common to all the nozzles 29 is located downstream of the nozzles 29, in the direct vicinity of the axes of the nozzles 29.
- the charging electrode 35 is formed by a stack of two conductive materials electricity 34, 37, separated by a layer 36 made of an electrically insulating material.
- the conductor 34 is the most upstream, the conductor 36 is the most downstream of the charging electrode 35.
- the conductor 34 is connected to the same potential as the ink in a chamber 28, in general the zero potential of the mass electric.
- the conductor 36 is connected to a non-zero electrical potential Vc, different from that of the ink located in a chamber 28. Downstream of the charging electrode is located in the immediate vicinity of the axes of the nozzles an assembly 39 of electrode of deflection.
- the set 39 of deflection electrodes is common to all the nozzles 29 of a head and is connected to a source of potential so that a uniform electric field E0, whose component perpendicular to a plane containing the axes of the nozzles 29 is preponderant.
- a recovery gutter 40 common to all of the nozzles and located downstream of the set 39 of deflection electrodes and outside the axes of the nozzles 29 is used in known manner to recover the ink which is not used for printing.
- the ink used for printing is directed to a print medium 41 on which each drop of print 33 forms a print point 58.
- the operation of the print head is as follows. In the example here commented on, the drops 33 are the drops which are used for printing.
- the drops 33 result from the intermittent break of the jet creating an isolated drop, called intermittent drop 33.
- the electric charge of the intermittent drops 33 is almost zero because they are formed in the first jet break position, facing the conductor 34 carried to the same potential as the ink in the chamber 28, generally the zero potential of the electrical ground.
- the jet 30 is split into the drop 33 and a jet section 38.
- the drops 43 are those which are not used for printing. They are formed in the second breaking position, opposite the conductor 37 of the charging electrode 35 brought to the non-zero electrical potential Vc, different from that of the ink located in the chamber 28.
- the drops 43 embark by electrostatic influence an electric charge greater in absolute value than the almost zero charge carried by the drops 33.
- the second break position 12 where the drops 43 form is downstream from the first break position 11 where the intermittent drops 33 are formed.
- This break is called continuous break downstream of the jet sections 38, or of the jet 30 if an intermittent break did not form sections. All the drops which detach from the jet then pass into the deflection zone defined by the deflection electrode 39.
- the trajectories of the drops 43 are themselves deflected perpendicular to the axis of the jet as a function of their electric charge and terminate their trajectory in the recovery gutter 40, assuming that a judicious combination of electric potentials is applied to the charge and deflection electrodes 35, 39.
- the ink collected in the gutter 40 is in a known manner reinjected into the ink circuit to be reused.
- the printing of a pattern results in a manner known per se from the selection of the ink drops to be directed towards the printing medium 41 or towards the gutter 40 and from a relative movement of the printing medium 41 and the print head 1. In the above commented example, it is the uncharged drops, the trajectory of which is not deflected, which are used for printing.
- FIG. 2 is intended to illustrate the modes of breaking of the jet to form the intermittent 33 and continuous 43 drops.
- part a we are in a phase where there is no printing, or in which there was no intermittent break during the time taken by the jet to go from the upstream break position 11 to the downstream break position 12. In this case only a periodic signal breaks the jet continuously at the downstream position 12 to form the continuous drops 43.
- part b the case is shown where a drop 33, for example, is formed by a pulse of the breaking signal.
- the jet 30 is split into a drop 33 and a jet section 38.
- This section carries the speed disturbance caused by the periodic signal. It therefore breaks at the level of the downstream breaking position 12 to give continuous drops 43.
- the jet is entirely divided into drops 33 and 43.
- the break dynamics of a corresponding isolated drop for the invention in the case of intermittent gout Figure 3 comprises parts a to g
- the following parts a to g shows a temporal succession of states of intermittent breaking intended to show the dynamics of the breaking. in a, a speed disturbance brought about by a temporary overpressure induced at the level of the chamber 28 creates in the jet a belly 33a.
- An intermittent drop 33 detaches consecutively from two breaks: an upstream break 49 represented in part b by a space between the upstream part of the jet 30 and the downstream part, and a downstream break 50 represented in part c by a space between the drop 33 which at this stage is formed and the downstream part of the jet 30 which therefore becomes a jet section 38.
- Upstream 51 and downstream ligaments 52 represented in parts b and c which correspond respectively to stretching of the upstream and downstream parts of the jet 30 relative to the drop 33 in formation, can, if the stretch is large, give rise respectively to upstream satellite droplets 53 and downstream 54 shown in part d. On the part d we also see that the upstream and downstream parts of the jet on either side of the drop 33 in formation undergo swelling.
- upstream break length Lbam is defined as being the distance Lbam between the outlet face of the nozzle 29 and the upstream break 49
- a length of downstream break Lbav is defined as being the distance Lbav between the outlet face of the nozzle 29 and the downstream break 50.
- Figure 4 part a shows an example of an electrical control signal which can be applied to the stimulation device 31 in order to control the shape of the intermittent breaks so as to ensure correct operation of the sorting between the drops to be printed 33 and the drops 43 to recover in the gutter 40.
- the signal represented in FIG. 4 part a consists of three consecutive voltage levels of respective levels Ui, U 2 , and U 3 , measured above a level U 0 .
- the three levels have respective durations Ti, T 2 , and T 3 . Two consecutive landings are linked together by a steep rising or falling edge.
- ⁇ opt is the duration of a rectangular pulse which, if applied by means of stimulation 31, would give the shortest intermittent upstream break length, at constant amplitude and for the same jet (same speed, same section, same ink) .
- ⁇ opt is a duration which corresponds to a spatial perturbation of the jet of a length ⁇ opt / 2, where ⁇ opt is the optimal wavelength of the jet, that is to say the wavelength for which the coefficient of amplification of capillary instability is maximum.
- a is the equivalent diameter of the nozzle 29 which corresponds substantially to the diameter of the jet 30 and Vj is the speed of ejection of the jet 30.
- the drop sorting principle requires that the electric charge carried by the drop intermittent 33 or, in this example, almost zero.
- the electrical charge actually loaded by this drop depends on the geometric configuration of the charging electrode 35, on the electrical potentials applied to the 2 conductors 34, 37 which constitute it, but also on the algebraic distance between the intermittent breaks upstream and downstream, (Lbav - Lbam).
- the signal shown in Figure 4 part a allows you to control this distance (Lbav - Lbam) between the two breaks forming an intermittent drop, so as to ensure a stable and well-defined trajectory of the drop to be printed.
- the distance (Lbav - Lbam) between the upstream and downstream breaks in the formation of a drop can be adjusted by modifying certain parameters of the stimulation signal.
- the adjustment of the amplitudes Ul, U2 and U3 of the stages constituting the pulse signal makes it possible to adjust (Lbav-Lbam). More precisely, a decrease in the absolute value of the absolute difference
- the signal presented makes it possible to correct the trajectory of the drop to be printed by empirically choosing the parameters of the signal which influence the distance (Lbav - Lbam) between the upstream intermittent break and the downstream intermittent break.
- FIG. 4 part b Another example of impulse stimulation signal which can be used in an embodiment of the invention is described in FIG. 4 part b.
- This signal is composed of a succession of 3 rectangular pulses, a first of duration Di and of level Ui, a second of duration T 2 and of level U 2 and a third of duration D 2 and of level U 3 .
- the first and second pulses are separated from each other by a duration Tri
- the second and third pulses are separated from each other by a duration Tr 2 .
- the signal is at basic level U 0 .
- the distance between the upstream and downstream breaks of the intermittent drop 33 can then be adjusted by modifying Ul and / or U3: the instant of the downstream break is delayed when U1 / U2 increases, the instant of the upstream break is delayed when U3 / U2 increases.
- a continuous break without satellites with a signal of amplitude sufficiently weak to place the continuous downstream break in the vicinity of the load conductor 37 is obtained by applying a signal in two modes, superposition of two sinusoidal signals of frequencies Fb and 2.Fb, of amplitudes and relative phase shifts correctly chosen.
- Fb 1 / Tb is the fundamental frequency of the continuous stimulation signal for the formation of drops 43.
- ⁇ > 0 is the relative amplitude of the second mode, and ⁇ its relative phase.
- Ab is a coefficient which determines the amplitude of the continuous stimulation signal for the formation of drops 43.
- a person skilled in the art knows how to choose the values of the parameters ⁇ and ⁇ to obtain a continuous break without satellite droplets.
- a signal as described above is shown in Figure 5 part a. It is a periodic signal of period Tb whose amplitude as a function of time is represented by the formula (1). If this signal is applied alone continuously, the jet is broken as shown in FIG. 2 part a where only drops 43 are produced. The combination of the generation signals of drops 33 and 43 will now be explained.
- the impulse stimulation signal is preceded by a downstream transition signal of duration tav, and followed by an upstream transition signal of duration tam.
- the transition signals simply consist in maintaining the constant voltage between the interruption of the periodic signal of continuous stimulation and the start of the generation of the impulse signal.
- the durations tav and tam are chosen so as to respect the integrity of the jet sections 38 on either side of the intermittent drop 33 up to the zone of influence of the charge conductor 37 (figure 1) .
- the transition signals are also chosen so as to ensure the continuity of the electrical signal applied to the stimulation means 31 during the interruption and resumption of the generation of the periodic downstream continuous stimulation signal. It is noted that the transition signals can one or the other or both have a zero duration.
- the relative amplitudes of the periodic signal and the impulse signal, i.e. the relative values of Ab in formula (1) defining the periodic signal and the value of U2 are chosen to correctly place the upstream and downstream broken positions in the zones of influence of the charging electrode 35.
- the breaking lengths that is to say the distance between the nozzle 29 and a breaking position, depend on the amplitude of the stimulation.
- the distance between the position 11 of intermittent breaking and the position 12 of continuous downstream breaking must be sufficient, at least 20 times the radius of the jet. In the preferred embodiment, a distance between these two broken positions is close to 50 times the radius of the jet.
- the generator 32 of electrical control signals suitable for generating on demand the pulse signal for creating an intermittent drop 33 and the periodic signal for continuous generation of drops 33 and connected for this purpose to the stimulation means 31, is in the mode of the described embodiment, controlled by means of a print command, for example a logic signal, for example a binary signal IMP shown in Figures 5b and 5d.
- the signal IMP is a function of the data to be printed.
- the logic value of the boolean signal IMP remains at 0. It is this signal constantly at 0 which is represented in FIG. 5b.
- the signal IMP changes to the value 1 for at least one period Tb, triggering the response of the electric control signal generator 32: thus according to the preferred embodiment of the invention the generator 32 of control of the stimulation means 31 is able to combine a pulse-type signal and a periodic signal, by replacing an integer n of periods of the periodic signal by the pulse signal framed by transition signals. Improvements which can be made to the print head according to the invention will now be examined in conjunction with FIGS.
- FIG. 6 and 7 which respectively represent an example of a section of a print head 1 showing the path of the ink in a body 23 of this head 1 and a graph showing on the abscissa the speed disturbance brought locally to the jet as a function of the frequency of mechanical stimulation present in the ink circuit upstream of the nozzle.
- the hydraulic path inside the body 23 of the print head 1 shown in section in FIG. 6 along one or more planes xz, z being the direction of the jets 30 and x a direction perpendicular to z located in a plane perpendicular to the plane containing the axes nozzles 29, comprises from upstream to downstream in the direction of flow of the ink, functional discrete elements.
- a reservoir 17 of pressurized ink 16 is in communication as shown by arrows 27 with an ink supply duct not shown.
- the reservoir 17 is in communication with a narrow passage 18 called restriction.
- a first connecting tube 20 puts the restriction 18 in communication with the stimulation chamber 28.
- the stimulation chamber 28 is itself in communication with the nozzle 29 for forming the jet 30 by a second connecting tube 21.
- the nozzle 29 is pierced in a nozzle plate 22 which may include several nozzles aligned in a direction y perpendicular to the representation plane xz.
- a wall part of the chamber 28 is formed by a membrane 24 whose thickness, along the axis Z, is much less than its dimensions in the plane X, Y.
- a piezoelectric element 25 is stuck on the external face of the membrane 24, that is to say that which is external to the chamber 28, a piezoelectric element 25 is stuck.
- the membrane 24 / piezoelectric element couple 25 which in this example forms the stimulation means 31 forms a vibrating element 31 which deforms in bending having the effect of producing a modulation of the volume and of the pressure in the chamber 28; this results in a modulation of the average speed of ejection of the ink 16 at the nozzle 29.
- This type of actuator which is described in numerous patents was initially proposed by Silonics (US-A-3,946,398 - Kyser & Sears).
- the stimulation system is capable of producing resonance frequencies F R linked to the mechanical and acoustic behavior of the device. To obtain a strictly non-resonant stimulation, we will seek to place these resonance frequencies F R at outside the jet bandwidth. Preferably, we will satisfy the following relation: F R > (1 + 0.1) Fc jet For this we will seek to conform to one or more of the design rules below.
- the vibrating element 31 has an own resonant frequency F M which mainly depends on its geometry and the mechanical properties of the materials it is made of.
- F M inertia term equivalent to a self in electric analogy.
- the resonance frequency of the vibrating element 31 is typically of the order of 400 kHz.
- the Helmholtz frequency F H calculated from the terms of inertia and elasticity (electrical analogy) of each discrete element constituting the stimulation device, namely the res' trictor, the chamber and the nozzle as well as hydraulic connecting elements between these components if they exist.
- the Helmholtz resonance frequency which is typically of the order of 200 kHz is located outside of the bandwidth of the jet.
- the frequency of Helmholtz F H is calculated from the following simplified expression which retains only the terms whose weight is preponderant:
- L R inertia term (electrical analogy) associated with the restriction 18.
- L B inertia term (electrical analogy) associated with the nozzle 29.
- C M elasticity term in electrical analogy of the vibrating element 31 .
- Acoustic propagation phenomena can produce resonance peaks when one of the characteristic lengths of the stimulation system is not negligible compared to the length ⁇ of the acoustic waves in the ink 16
- the wavelength ⁇ is typically 7.5 mm in a water-based, MEK or alcohol ink for a jet cutoff frequency Fcjet of 160 kHz and for an average speed of sound, for example in the MEK, 1200 m / s.
- length is meant characteristic of any dimension of the restriction 18, of the chamber 28, of the first and second connecting tubes 20, 21, of the nozzle 29 and of the total path of the ink 16 in the stimulation system from the entry of the restriction 18 up to the outlet of nozzle 29.
- all the characteristic lengths of the stimulation system will be less than ⁇ / 4 to avoid the propagation of acoustic waves.
- the constraint in ⁇ / 4 fixes the maximum characteristic length at 1.8 mm. It is generally easy to satisfy the constraint in ⁇ / 4 for the nozzle 29, the restriction 18 and the connecting tubes 20, 21 as indicated in the table of dimensions and of attached material.
- this rule may not be respected, since a large area of the chamber is sought in order to obtain good stimulation efficiency, in this case, it is essential to carry out the modeling of the transfer function for s' ensure that there is no resonance in the bandwidth of the jet.
- For a stimulation system comprising the nominal dimensions indicated in the dimension and material table, it appears that its transfer function, the curve of which is presented in FIG.
- R k R _ R ⁇ B imp j CI
- the volume contained in the chamber 28 of parallelepiped shape is chosen such that the Helmholtz frequency of the system is not less than 200 kHz.
- the thickness of the chamber 28 (in the Z direction) must be as small as possible to provide a maximum surface area for the vibrating element 31 but nevertheless not less than the diameter of the nozzle 29 in order to minimize the loss of viscous load in the chamber 28. This thickness which results from a compromise will be chosen to be close to the diameter of the nozzle 29.
- the volume and the thickness being given, this fixes the surface of the chamber while ensuring good consistency with the design rule. No. l.
- a printer includes: - a liquid ejection device making it possible to form at least one ink jet, - a generator of electrical control signals, - an internal stimulation device, ie - say upstream of the nozzle, making it possible to split the jet by creating disturbances on its surface at the outlet of the nozzle.
- This stimulation device is capable of creating an isolated drop in the jet when the appropriate impulse signal is applied to the stimulation means, - a sorting system consisting of an arrangement of electrodes brought to electrical potentials constant, and in a gutter that collects the unprinted drops.
- the invention makes it possible to use a common sorting system for a large number of jets, which eliminates the difficulties of producing the charging electrodes of a conventional binary printer, and makes it possible to take advantage of the advantages of the sorting system under intermittent stimulation. , especially its low cost of production.
- the stimulation since the stimulation is internal, the problems of bulk and the difficulties associated with external stimulation techniques are eliminated.
- the stimulation device controlled according to the principle of the invention also makes it possible to modify the behavior of the jet and the trajectory of the drops by the sole means of the stimulation signal, which simplifies the electronic part of the print head and gives control very fine on the stability of the jets and the print quality.
- a print head using the invention may or may not include the circuit 32 for generating the break signals.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP04821194A EP1628832B1 (fr) | 2003-02-25 | 2004-02-24 | Imprimante a jet d'encre. |
US10/545,955 US7192121B2 (en) | 2003-02-25 | 2004-02-24 | Inkjet printer |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0302272A FR2851495B1 (fr) | 2003-02-25 | 2003-02-25 | Imprimante a jet d'encre |
FR0302272 | 2003-02-25 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2005070676A2 true WO2005070676A2 (fr) | 2005-08-04 |
WO2005070676A3 WO2005070676A3 (fr) | 2005-12-22 |
Family
ID=32799555
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2004/050077 WO2005070676A2 (fr) | 2003-02-25 | 2004-02-24 | Imprimante a jet d’encre continu |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7192121B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1628832B1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN100575086C (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2851495B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2005070676A2 (fr) |
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EP3075794A1 (fr) | 2015-03-31 | 2016-10-05 | Dover Europe Sàrl | Composition d'encre pigmentaire, pour l'impression par jet continu devie binaire, a gouttes non chargees, de substrats en textile, procede de marquage, et substrat en textile ainsi marque |
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WO2011061331A1 (fr) | 2009-11-23 | 2011-05-26 | Markem-Imaje | Dispositif d'impression continue à jet d'encre, avec qualité et autonomie d'impression améliorées |
US8540350B2 (en) | 2009-11-23 | 2013-09-24 | Markem-Imaje | Continuous ink-jet printing device, with improved print quality and autonomy |
EP2998370A1 (fr) | 2014-09-16 | 2016-03-23 | Dover Europe Sàrl | Composition de liquide, notamment encre, pour l'impression par jet continu binaire, a gouttes non chargees, utilisation de ladite composition, procede de marquage, et substrat marque |
US9783695B2 (en) | 2014-09-16 | 2017-10-10 | Dover Europe Sàrl | Liquid composition, especially ink composition, for printing with a binary deflected continuous jet, with non-charged drops, use of said composition, marking method and marked substrate |
US10266715B2 (en) | 2014-09-16 | 2019-04-23 | Dover Europe Sàrl | Liquid composition, especially ink composition, for printing with a binary deflected continuous jet, with non-charged drops, use of said composition, marking method and marked substrate |
EP3075794A1 (fr) | 2015-03-31 | 2016-10-05 | Dover Europe Sàrl | Composition d'encre pigmentaire, pour l'impression par jet continu devie binaire, a gouttes non chargees, de substrats en textile, procede de marquage, et substrat en textile ainsi marque |
EP3190160A1 (fr) | 2016-01-06 | 2017-07-12 | Dover Europe Sàrl | Composition de liquide, notamment encre, pout l'impression par jet continu devie binaire, a gouttes non chargees, utilisation de ladite composition, procede de marquage, et substrat marque. |
US10597546B2 (en) | 2016-01-06 | 2020-03-24 | Dover Europe Sàrl | Liquid composition, especially ink composition, for printing with a binary deflected continuous jet, with non-charged drops, use of said composition, marking method and marked substrate |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2851495A1 (fr) | 2004-08-27 |
US7192121B2 (en) | 2007-03-20 |
EP1628832B1 (fr) | 2008-04-16 |
FR2851495B1 (fr) | 2006-06-30 |
WO2005070676A3 (fr) | 2005-12-22 |
CN1816449A (zh) | 2006-08-09 |
CN100575086C (zh) | 2009-12-30 |
EP1628832A2 (fr) | 2006-03-01 |
US20060139408A1 (en) | 2006-06-29 |
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