WO2005067156A2 - マイクロ波周波数変換器 - Google Patents
マイクロ波周波数変換器 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005067156A2 WO2005067156A2 PCT/JP2004/019497 JP2004019497W WO2005067156A2 WO 2005067156 A2 WO2005067156 A2 WO 2005067156A2 JP 2004019497 W JP2004019497 W JP 2004019497W WO 2005067156 A2 WO2005067156 A2 WO 2005067156A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- amplifier
- frequency converter
- gain
- state
- microwave frequency
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/06—Receivers
- H04B1/10—Means associated with receiver for limiting or suppressing noise or interference
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/28—Details of pulse systems
- G01S7/285—Receivers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/35—Details of non-pulse systems
- G01S7/352—Receivers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03D—DEMODULATION OR TRANSFERENCE OF MODULATION FROM ONE CARRIER TO ANOTHER
- H03D7/00—Transference of modulation from one carrier to another, e.g. frequency-changing
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a microwave frequency converter used for a radar receiver.
- Figure 6 shows the general configuration of a pulse radar.
- This pulse radar outputs a pulse signal (for example, a pulse width of 1 s and an output of 10 kW) with an oscillation frequency of, for example, 9.4 GHz from the magnetron 1 and passes through the antenna 3 through the antenna 2 to the air.
- the signal radiated and reflected by the object is received again by the antenna 3 and guided to the limiter 4.
- the signal input to the frequency converter 5 via the limiter 4 is mixed with the output of the local oscillator 6 (local oscillation signal), for example, 9.47 GI-Iz, to produce, for example, an intermediate frequency (IF signal) of 60 MHz. Convert.
- local oscillator 6 local oscillation signal
- IF signal intermediate frequency
- the converted IF signal is amplified by an IF amplifier 7, converted into a video signal by a signal processing circuit 8, and displayed on a radar display device (PPI).
- the limiter 4 is used to prevent the frequency converter 5 from being damaged by a large signal input. In recent years, the limiter 4 has been integrated with the frequency converter 5 using a microwave integrated circuit (MIC). Are the mainstream.
- MIC microwave integrated circuit
- Fig. 7 shows a conventional circuit configuration of a microwave frequency converter used in a pulse radar as shown in Fig. 6.
- a pulse-modulated microwave signal (RF signal) input to an input terminal 11 of a MIC limiter 10 is amplified by an RF amplifier 12 and is input to a double balance mixer 13.
- the signal is mixed with a signal of a local oscillator 14 (local signal), the two IF outputs are combined by an IF output combiner 15, and a combined output is obtained at an IF output terminal 16 (see Patent Document 1).
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-111147
- the radar pulse signal emitted from the antenna is received as a smaller signal as the reflecting object is farther, and is received as a larger signal as the reflecting object is closer.
- Smaller projectiles are received as smaller signals, and larger reflectors are received as larger signals.
- the conventional microwave frequency converter as described above has the following disadvantages.
- (A) in Fig. 8 shows the IF output power against the RF input power of a frequency converter with an RF amplifier.
- Figure 8 (B) shows the IF output power versus the RF input power of a frequency converter without an RF amplifier.
- the frequency converter with RF amplifier (A) in Fig. 8 is suitable for detecting distant or small reflecting objects because the signal is amplified by the RF amplifier.
- the RF signal begins to saturate at, for example, 1-5 dBm, and is reflected by nearby or large reflective objects. Signals above 5 dBm saturate and can be detected. Absent. In other words, short distances cannot be received.
- a frequency converter without an RF amplifier can detect an input up to +3 dBm without saturation, as shown in Fig. 8 (B).
- frequency converters without RF amplifiers are not suitable for detecting distant or small reflective objects because they do not amplify the signal.
- the main purpose is to prevent collision between ships or between a ship and a fixed object, and there is a demand for a performance capable of detecting a reflecting object even closer than the current situation.
- the ability of conventional radars to detect distant or small reflective objects is also indispensable.
- a radar that can receive signals from a long distance to a shorter distance than conventional products has been desired.
- the pulse radar outputs a pulse signal with an oscillation frequency of 9.41 GHz (for example, a pulse width of 1 S and an output of 10 kW) from the magnetron 1, so even if it passes through the circuit 2 Excessive power leaking into the evening 4 enters the frequency converter 5.
- 9.41 GHz for example, a pulse width of 1 S and an output of 10 kW
- the oscillation frequency of the local oscillator 6 used in the frequency converter 5 changes, and for example, the intermediate frequency (IF signal) of 6 MHz changes.
- the intermediate frequency (IF signal) changes, the amplification of the intermediate frequency amplifier changes.
- the reception sensitivity deteriorates, so the oscillation frequency of the local oscillator 6 does not change. Is desired.
- FIG. 9 shows a conventional microwave frequency converter having characteristics that have both (A) and (B) in FIG. 8 described above.
- a PIN switch 17 is provided in a stage preceding the conventional RF amplifier 12.
- the PIN switch 17 turns the RF input ON-OF by a trigger input.
- the PIN switch 17 Before the excessive RF signal directly input from the own magnetron is applied to the RF amplifier 12, the PIN switch 17 is turned on by the trigger input before the excessive reflection signal from a short distance does not enter the RF amplifier 12. Continuously, when the RF signal input to the RF amplifier 12 becomes equal to or less than the saturation input of the RF amplifier 12, the PIN switch 17 is turned off to return to the normal microwave frequency converter.
- the insertion loss of about 1 dB remains in the PIN switch 17 even in the OFF state, so that a far or small reflecting object can be detected compared to the conventional microwave frequency converter without the PIN switch 17.
- the attenuation of the PIN switch 17 composed of one stage of the PIN diode is about 15 dB, and the attenuation is insufficient for an excessively reflected signal from a very short distance.
- two PIN diodes are used to increase the amount of attenuation, there is a disadvantage that the remaining insertion loss further increases.
- the present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems by receiving reflection from a long distance or a small object with the same performance as that of a conventional microwave frequency converter with an RF amplifier.
- the objective of the present invention is to provide a microwave frequency converter that can receive signals at a very short distance than the ON-OFF of the local oscillator 6 and does not change the oscillation frequency of the local oscillator 6 due to the direct power from the magnetron 1. Disclosure of the invention
- a microwave frequency converter according to claim 1 of the present invention is an RF amplifier capable of switching a gain to an arbitrary value in a range from an amplification state to an attenuation state in order to achieve the above object,
- a switch circuit for applying a gain control voltage to the RF amplifier wherein the switch circuit measures the time during which the transmitting unit is oscillating and the time before and after that.
- the gain control voltage applied to the RF amplifier is controlled so that the gain of the RF amplifier is in an attenuated state only during a period including the signal, and is in an amplified state in other periods.
- the switch circuit continuously changes the gain control voltage to increase the gain of the RF amplifier.
- the present invention is characterized by continuously switching from a predetermined gain value in an amplified state to a predetermined gain value in an attenuated state, or from a predetermined gain value in an attenuated state to a predetermined gain value in an amplified state.
- the switch circuit instantaneously changes the gain control voltage to amplify the gain of the RF amplifier. It is characterized by instantaneously switching from a predetermined gain value in a state to a predetermined gain value in an attenuated state, or from a predetermined gain value in an attenuated state to a predetermined gain value in an amplified state.
- the RF amplifier comprises a FET element or a HEMT which operates by applying a negative voltage to a gate and a positive voltage to a drain.
- the switch circuit turns on / off the gate voltage and the drain voltage applied to the gate and drain of the element at the same time. Is characterized in that the gain of the RF amplifier is switched to an amplified state.
- the microwave frequency converter of the present invention can receive a signal reflected from a short distance without saturating as compared with a conventional microwave frequency converter, and therefore can be used from a long distance for the main purpose of use of recent ship radars. This makes it possible to recognize a target object at a very short distance, which is a very important function for preventing collision between certain ships or fixed objects.
- FIG. 1 is a block circuit diagram showing a circuit configuration of an embodiment of the microwave frequency converter according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a timing chart of the microwave frequency converter according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 shows the measured results of the IF output power with respect to the RF input power when the trigger voltage is ON-OFF with respect to the microwave frequency converter of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the switch circuit 20 used in the microwave frequency converter of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 shows measured values of the gain with respect to the trigger voltage of the microwave frequency converter according to the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a conventional pulse radar.
- FIG. 7 is a block circuit diagram showing a circuit configuration of a conventional microwave frequency converter.
- (A) of FIG. 8 is a graph showing the input / output characteristics of a conventional microphone open-wave frequency converter without a conventional RF amplifier, and
- (B) is a graph showing the input / output characteristics of the conventional RF amplifier.
- FIG. 9 is a block circuit diagram showing a configuration of a conventional microwave frequency converter. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- FIG. 1 is a circuit configuration diagram of a microwave frequency converter according to the present invention.
- the microwave frequency converter of the present embodiment synchronizes with the magnetron output from the outside and requires a trigger voltage including the time that the magnetron outputs.
- the trigger voltage is input to the switch circuit 20, the input is applied to the input.
- the gain control voltage is controlled accordingly.
- Reference numeral 19 denotes an input terminal for inputting a trigger voltage
- reference numeral 20 denotes a switch circuit, which operates according to a trigger signal input from the trigger input terminal 19 and controls a gain control voltage supplied from a power supply circuit.
- Reference numeral 21 denotes an RF amplifier that amplifies a pulse-modulated microwave signal (RF signal), and its power supply is controlled by a switch circuit 20.
- a local oscillator 14 is driven by a power supply circuit and oscillates a local oscillation signal.
- 1 3 is a double bar It is a lance mixer, and mixes the above-mentioned local oscillation signal with the microwave signal (RF signal) amplified by the RF amplifier 12. The two IF outputs that are mixed and output are combined by the 15 IF output combiner, and the combined output is obtained at the IF output terminal 16.
- the microwave frequency converter of the present embodiment has been described except for the MIC limiter.
- a trigger (pulse) voltage is applied to the trigger input terminal 19.
- the switch circuit 20 is operated by the trigger voltage, and the gain control voltage supplied from the power supply circuit, that is, the gate voltage and the drain voltage are simultaneously set to 0 V, so that the voltage of the RF amplifier 21 is cut off.
- the FET used for the RF amplifier 21 exhibits the same characteristics as a type in which a kind of resistance attenuator is connected before the mixer 13.
- the attenuator is connected in front of the frequency converter without the RF amplifier shown in Fig. 8 (B), and the input / output characteristics are attenuated by about 10 dB from the input / output characteristics shown in Fig. 8 (B) without the RF amplifier. Will be.
- the time to zero the bias to FET for a single trigger depends on the radar, but is maintained at zero bias for several seconds to several tens of seconds after the end of the RF signal, and then the normal voltage Return to.
- FIG. 2 shows a timing chart of the microwave frequency converter of the present invention. Note that the drain and gate voltages in the figure correspond to the aforementioned gain control voltages.
- the RF signal is radiated from the radar antenna, and the RF input ends before the radio wave is reflected by the reflecting object.
- the signal that reflects and returns immediately after the RF signal ends is from a very short distance.
- the conventional microwave frequency converter saturates, but the microphone mouth wave frequency converter of the present invention is turned on by a trigger during that time, and while the trigger input is on, the gain control voltage, that is, the gate voltage, When both drain voltages become 0V It does not saturate even an excessively large reflected signal.
- Fig. 3 shows the RF input power of the microwave frequency converter of the present invention when the trigger voltage is turned on and off (when the switch circuit 20 that receives the trigger input instantaneously changes the gain control voltage). The measured results of IF output power are shown.
- the drain and gate voltages are both ON, the gain is about +6 dB, and the input power at 1 dB compression is about -2 dBm.
- the trigger is turned on, the drain and gate voltages are both off, the gain is about -25 dB, and the input power at 1 dB compression exceeds +20 dBm.
- the output saturation phenomenon when the trigger is OFF is due to the mixer used in the microwave frequency converter. Therefore, the saturation when the trigger is turned on is also saturated by the mixer, and the saturation value of the IF output does not differ depending on the trigger ON-OFF, that is, the drain and gate voltage ON-OFF.
- the IF output value when the trigger is ON does not saturate until it matches the IF output value when the trigger is OFF, and an excessive reflected signal can be received.
- FIG. 4 shows one embodiment of the switch circuit 20 shown in FIG.
- the operational amplifier 26 is used for the bias control circuit of the FET 25 used for the RF amplifier. Connect the R1, R2, R3, and R4 resistors to each terminal using +5 V and 15 V as the bias of the operational amplifier 26.When the trigger input voltage is +5 V, connect it to the drain of FET 25. Connect the resistor of R2 so that the current of 10 mA flows.
- the gate voltage of FET 25 is about 0.4V. Since this value depends on the performance of the FET 25 used, it is desirable to select the drain current so that the NF (noise figure) of the RF amplifier is minimized.
- the gain control voltage that is, the voltage of the drain and gate of the FET 25 becomes ⁇ V at the same time, and the effect of the present invention is exhibited.
- the trigger when the trigger voltage in FIG. 4 is +5 V, the characteristics of the trigger OFF in FIG. 3 are shown, and when the trigger voltage in FIG. 4 is 0 V, the characteristics of the trigger ON in FIG. 3 are shown.
- the trigger In order to show the trigger ON characteristics in Fig. 3 when the trigger voltage in Fig. 4 is +5 V, and to show the trigger OFF characteristics in Fig. 3 when the trigger voltage in Fig. 4 is 0 V, the trigger must be It is sufficient to connect an inverting circuit before the trigger input.
- the switch circuit 20 shown in FIG. 4 is an embodiment of a circuit used for the frequency converter of the present invention, and the conditions of the present invention are satisfied even with other circuit configurations.
- FIG. 5 shows that a constant RF input power of ⁇ 10 dBm was input to the frequency converter of the present invention, and the trigger voltage of the circuit of FIG. 4 was continuously changed from 0 V to 5 V (switch circuit). 20 is the measured value of the gain when the gain control voltage is continuously switched.
- This bias control circuit is an example of characteristics when an inverting circuit is connected before a trigger input.
- the gain is -2 dB
- the gain is +6 dB
- the dynamic range is 27 dB.
- a much wider characteristic can be obtained for the dynamic range of 15 dB of the conventional PIN switch.
- This invention can be utilized for the microwave frequency converter used for a radar receiver.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
- Control Of Amplification And Gain Control (AREA)
- Superheterodyne Receivers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB0612948A GB2424331B (en) | 2003-12-26 | 2004-12-20 | Microwave Frequency Converter |
US10/584,414 US8509684B2 (en) | 2003-12-26 | 2004-12-20 | Microwave frequency converter |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003434888A JP4246622B2 (ja) | 2003-12-26 | 2003-12-26 | マイクロ波周波数変換器 |
JP2003-434888 | 2003-12-26 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2005067156A2 true WO2005067156A2 (ja) | 2005-07-21 |
WO2005067156A3 WO2005067156A3 (ja) | 2005-09-01 |
Family
ID=34746901
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2004/019497 WO2005067156A2 (ja) | 2003-12-26 | 2004-12-20 | マイクロ波周波数変換器 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8509684B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4246622B2 (ja) |
GB (1) | GB2424331B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005067156A2 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2009010604A (ja) * | 2007-06-27 | 2009-01-15 | Sharp Corp | 受信装置 |
EP2594968A4 (en) * | 2010-07-14 | 2017-01-11 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Measurement device |
US8665307B2 (en) | 2011-02-11 | 2014-03-04 | Tangome, Inc. | Augmenting a video conference |
US9544543B2 (en) | 2011-02-11 | 2017-01-10 | Tangome, Inc. | Augmenting a video conference |
JP5963573B2 (ja) * | 2012-06-29 | 2016-08-03 | 古野電気株式会社 | レーダ装置 |
DE102016117920B4 (de) * | 2016-09-22 | 2018-04-05 | Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg | Frequenzwandler-Schaltung für ein Radar-basiertes Messgerät |
Citations (2)
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JPH01112486U (ja) * | 1988-01-22 | 1989-07-28 | ||
JP2003107147A (ja) * | 2001-09-28 | 2003-04-09 | Toshiba Corp | レーダ装置 |
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US5006812A (en) * | 1989-08-01 | 1991-04-09 | Rockwell International Corporation | Power amplifier with built-in test circuit |
JPH0769414B2 (ja) * | 1990-02-16 | 1995-07-31 | 日本無線株式会社 | 超音波探知用受信装置 |
DE69127577T2 (de) * | 1990-04-17 | 1998-01-22 | Canon Kk | Automatisches Regelkreisverstärkungsgerät |
JP3234988B2 (ja) * | 1992-01-07 | 2001-12-04 | 古野電気株式会社 | 水中探知装置 |
JP2614157B2 (ja) * | 1992-01-14 | 1997-05-28 | アンリツ株式会社 | Stc制御信号発生回路 |
JP3243052B2 (ja) * | 1993-03-26 | 2002-01-07 | 株式会社光電製作所 | サンプリング受信装置 |
JPH07175535A (ja) * | 1993-12-16 | 1995-07-14 | Nec Corp | Fet増幅器用電源回路 |
JP2704136B2 (ja) * | 1995-06-20 | 1998-01-26 | 埼玉日本電気株式会社 | 無線送受信機 |
JPH09127239A (ja) * | 1995-11-02 | 1997-05-16 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | レーダ装置 |
KR100243489B1 (ko) * | 1995-11-22 | 2000-02-01 | 니시무로 타이죠 | 주파수 변환기 및 이를 이용한 무선 수신기 |
US5809090A (en) * | 1996-03-04 | 1998-09-15 | Glenayre Electronics, Inc. | Digital diversity receiver system |
US6078222A (en) * | 1996-07-05 | 2000-06-20 | Thomcast Communications, Inc. | Controller-based radio frequency amplifier module and method |
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JPH11196015A (ja) * | 1997-12-26 | 1999-07-21 | Alps Electric Co Ltd | 受信回路 |
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US6104241A (en) * | 1998-11-18 | 2000-08-15 | Spectrian | High efficiency feed-forward RF power amplifier with predistoration enchancement |
JP2001111447A (ja) | 1999-10-12 | 2001-04-20 | Ekusa Technology:Kk | マイクロ波周波数変換器 |
US6684064B2 (en) * | 2000-03-29 | 2004-01-27 | Interdigital Technology Corp. | Dynamic bias for RF power amplifiers |
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2003
- 2003-12-26 JP JP2003434888A patent/JP4246622B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2004
- 2004-12-20 US US10/584,414 patent/US8509684B2/en active Active
- 2004-12-20 WO PCT/JP2004/019497 patent/WO2005067156A2/ja active Application Filing
- 2004-12-20 GB GB0612948A patent/GB2424331B/en active Active
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JPH01112486U (ja) * | 1988-01-22 | 1989-07-28 | ||
JP2003107147A (ja) * | 2001-09-28 | 2003-04-09 | Toshiba Corp | レーダ装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2005067156A3 (ja) | 2005-09-01 |
US20070210954A1 (en) | 2007-09-13 |
JP4246622B2 (ja) | 2009-04-02 |
GB2424331A (en) | 2006-09-20 |
GB0612948D0 (en) | 2006-08-23 |
US8509684B2 (en) | 2013-08-13 |
JP2005197774A (ja) | 2005-07-21 |
GB2424331B (en) | 2007-06-27 |
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JPH08184663A (ja) | レーダ用送受信機 |
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