WO2005035798A1 - 鋼塊の製造方法 - Google Patents
鋼塊の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005035798A1 WO2005035798A1 PCT/JP2004/006287 JP2004006287W WO2005035798A1 WO 2005035798 A1 WO2005035798 A1 WO 2005035798A1 JP 2004006287 W JP2004006287 W JP 2004006287W WO 2005035798 A1 WO2005035798 A1 WO 2005035798A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/0006—Adding metallic additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/10—Handling in a vacuum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/10—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing cobalt
- C22C38/105—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing cobalt containing Co and Ni
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C2300/00—Process aspects
- C21C2300/08—Particular sequence of the process steps
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B26/00—Obtaining alkali, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
- C22B26/20—Obtaining alkaline earth metals or magnesium
- C22B26/22—Obtaining magnesium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/04—Refining by applying a vacuum
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a steel ingot, which is a metal material containing Fe as a basic component (a material containing the largest amount of Fe), and particularly relates to nonmetallic inclusions (hereinafter, referred to as inclusions).
- the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a steel ingot that can be controlled very finely.
- Inclusions present in the steel affect various mechanical properties. For example, when a steel sheet is stamped or cut with a press, there is a technology that disperses fine inclusions and uses the inclusions as a starting point of blasting to improve the punching and cutting properties.
- inclusions present in copper cause the composition, shape and size of the inclusions to degrade the mechanical properties of steel.
- the size of the inclusions has a great effect, and the control of inclusions is a major problem.
- AF arc furnace
- VIM vacuum induction melting
- ESR electrolysis slag remelting
- VAR vacuum arc remelting
- Double melted steel by applying VAR or ESR has the advantage of being homogeneous (less component segregation) and of reducing the amount of inclusions.
- Maraging steel is a typical steel that requires strict requirements for the above-mentioned problem of fatigue fracture due to inclusions.
- Maraging steel is tough and has high strength, so it is used for structural members subjected to repeated negative stress; However, it is well known that the presence of large non-metallic inclusions in a member causes fatigue rupture starting from this. Non-metallic inclusions need to be finely dispersed in order not to cause high cycle fatigue rupture.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a steel ingot that can significantly reduce the size of inclusions as compared with the related art.
- the present inventors generated MgO-based oxides in the presence of Mg in molten steel, and then exposed to a higher degree of vacuum to dissociate MgO-based oxides on the molten steel surface. (Dissociation) can be promoted, and as a result, a steel ingot having fine inclusions can be obtained, and the present invention has been achieved.
- the present invention provides a Mg oxide forming step of adjusting the composition of an oxide turbid in molten steel to a molten metal having a sufficient amount of Mg to mainly contain MgO;
- the MgO-based oxidant means an oxide in which the largest component among the constituent components of the oxide is MgO.
- the Mg content in the dissociation step of the present invention is preferably 20% or less, more preferably 10% or less, of the Mg content in the Mg oxide formation step.
- a step of once solidifying in the Mg oxide forming step is employed, that is, the Mg oxide sulfide forming step is set as primary melting, and turbidity is present in the molten steel at the time of the primary melting.
- the solidification is to be performed, and the dissociation process is re-dissolved at a vacuum degree lower than that of the primary melting, and the Mg oxide is dissolved.
- the material be dissociated into Mg and oxygen to reduce the Mg content to 50% or less before re-dissolution.
- the remelting be a vacuum arc remelting.
- the degree of vacuum in the Mg oxide forming step is preferably from 6 kPa to 60 kPa, and the degree of vacuum in the dissociation step is preferably a pressure lower than 0.6 kPa.
- the relationship between the Mg content in the Mg oxide forming step (Mg OX i) and A 1 weight (A 1 ox), A l OX i (ma ssppm) / M g 0 ⁇ i (ma ssp pm It is desirable to adjust so that) 5-100.
- the oxide formation step is the primary dissolution and the dissociation step is the redissolution
- the Mg content indicates the Mg content in the steel ingot solidified after primary melting.
- Mg OX I indicates the Mg content in the steel ingot solidified after primary melting.
- the present invention can be applied to, for example, tool steel such as maraging steel and mold steel.
- the maraging steel is substantially as follows: mass (%), O (oxygen): less than 10 ppm, (nitrogen): less than 15 ppm, C: 0.01% or less, Ti: 0.3 2.0% or less, Ni: 8.0 to 22.0%, Co: 5.0 to 20.0%, Mo: 2.0 to 9.0%, A1: 0.01 to 1.7 %, And the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities are desirable.
- the size of nonmetallic inclusions can be drastically reduced by adding Mg and controlling a specific decompression step, and coarse inclusions have a bad effect.
- This is an extremely useful technology for improving mechanical properties such as the above, and for improving surface cleanliness such as the occurrence of defects due to inclusions in mirror finishing.
- the present inventors have studied the effects of inclusions and Mg in steel, paying attention to the fact that Mg, which has a high ability to form an oxide, has a high vapor pressure in a vacuum. Then, if an oxide mainly composed of Mg ⁇ is formed and then exposed to a high vacuum, most of the oxide mainly composed of MgO can be dissociated and disappeared by evaporation of Mg from the surface of the molten steel. We have found that the size of the inclusions inside can be dramatically reduced.
- Mg_ ⁇ The main oxide is present dispersed in the molten steel. After addition of Mg, when the left ⁇ , inclusions only changed to oxides of MgO mainly of an oxide of A 1 2 0 3 mainly refining effect dramatic inclusions can not be obtained.
- a dissociation step in which the degree of vacuum in the atmosphere is reduced compared to the step of forming an oxide mainly composed of MgO is provided.
- Exposure to high vacuum causes the Mg in the molten steel with a high vapor pressure to diffuse into the gas phase, disrupting the equilibrium state in the molten steel and dissociating MgO-based oxides.
- This and can, dissociated oxygen combines with Mg and A 1, etc. in the molten steel, although to form an oxide or A 1 2 O 3 principal oxides of MgO mainly diffusion of oxygen dissociation reaction It is considered that the oxides did not grow rapidly because they depended on the progress, and could be solidified in the fine state of the oxide to form a steel ingot.
- the aggregation prone inclusions such as A 1 2 ⁇ 3, Mg_ ⁇ entity with, by further dissociation step more Mg oxide forming process to prevent agglomeration 'growth by collision as oxides Mg_ ⁇ principal Oxides are dissociated into oxygen and Mg gas, and the oxides in the solidified steel ingot are refined.
- the amount of the Mg alloy added for this purpose should be sufficient for the formation of MgO-based oxides in terms of chemical equilibrium from the amounts of active elements such as A 1 in the molten metal, the amount of oxygen, and the amount of sulfur (S). Can be calculated as
- a sample may be taken after adding Mg by repeated experiments, and the solidified state may be determined by adjusting the amount of Mg added and the oxide composition in the sample.
- the method of adding Mg is as follows: the alloy composition of the target steel and the form of the alloy of Mg, for example, Ni-Mg alloy form with Mg content of 20% or less (not including 0) in mass% It is preferable to prevent Mg loss during addition.
- the Mg content is set to 50% or less of the Mg oxide forming step.
- the level of the Mg content aimed at as a steel ingot has no effect on the steel. Even if it is about 3 to 5 ppm or less, by adding Mg more than twice the target value, it is possible to obtain a clear effect on the refinement of inclusions in the steel ingot solidified after the dissociation process. It is because was made.
- the Mg content in the dissociation step remains in excess of 50% of the Mg oxide formation step, the dissociation of Mg is insufficient, and the effect of dissociation to obtain a finer oxide can be sufficiently obtained. Absent.
- the Mg content is 20% or less, more preferably 10% or less of the Mg oxide forming step.
- the Mg content in molten steel in the process of forming MgO-based oxidized steel is set to a maximum of about 300 ppm, and in practice, it is desirable to set it to about 100 to 200 ppm. .
- the term “mainly Mg ⁇ ” means that when the oxide composition is analyzed by, for example, an X-ray analyzer, elements excluding oxygen are quantitatively analyzed, and those whose Mg is detected to be 30 mass% or more are determined. M g O is defined as a subject.
- the analysis in this case can be confirmed, for example, by performing qualitative Z quantitative analysis with an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer.
- inclusions present in a sample of a specific weight are extracted and, for example, qualitative / quantitative analysis is performed using an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer. And the ratio can be determined.
- the method of the present invention can be applied without going through the steps of primary melting and re-melting. It is practical to combine with primary melting such as induction melting and solidification, and then with re-melting such as vacuum arc re-melting which is a dissociation step.
- primary melting such as induction melting and solidification
- re-melting such as vacuum arc re-melting which is a dissociation step.
- VAR vacuum arc remelting
- VAR is useful in high vacuum, with a small solidification unit, to suppress the growth of other inclusions during the dissociation process.
- VAR is also effective in suppressing segregation and reducing gas components such as oxygen.
- a steel ingot containing a nitride-forming element such as Ti in its component is used in addition to the oxide refining effect and the nitride coarseness. It is also possible to obtain the effect of preventing the formation of a carbon dioxide.
- the present inventors have studied the size of nitrides in maraging steel.As a result, the size of nitrides is larger in re-melted steel ingots such as VAR than in ingots after primary melting. It was confirmed. The nitride grows during remelting. The cause of coarsening is that the nitride that was present in the primary melted ingot during remelting does not completely melt in the molten steel, so the nitride grows and solidifies during solidification. I figured out what to do.
- the crystallization or precipitation of nitride occurs between the addition of the Mg alloy and the solidification, but the oxide mainly composed of MgO becomes the nucleus of crystallization or precipitation of the nitride-based compound.
- the nitride in the first molten steel ingot takes the form of a nitride-MgO composite in which, for example, MgO is a precipitation nucleus and a nitride, for example, TiN is surrounded.
- the MgO-based oxide which forms part of the nitride-MgO complex, dissociates into Mg and oxygen. For this reason, the nitride-Mg ⁇ composite is finely decomposed by the disappearance of the MgO portion, and thermal decomposition is promoted, and the nitride can be completely melted in the molten steel.
- the present invention is an effective means for solving the problem.
- the above-mentioned Ti has a certain force, and other elements include A1, Nb, V, Cr and the like.
- the control of the molten metal atmosphere is important as described above. If the pressure in the dissociation step is lower than that in the oxide formation step, the dissociation proceeds.However, a preferable range for mass production technology is that the vacuum degree in the Mg oxide formation step is 6 kPa to 60 kPa, The degree of vacuum in the dissociation process should be reduced to less than 0.6 kPa.
- the lower limit of the degree of vacuum in the Mg oxide forming step was set to 60 kPa because at a pressure higher than this, a basic degassing action could not be expected.
- the upper limit was set to 6 kPa because in a reduced pressure atmosphere higher than this, before Mg was diffused into the molten metal, it was vaporized and it was difficult to form MgO-based oxides, and the effect of the present invention was clear. It is because it is not.
- the degree of vacuum in the dissociation step is preferably as low as possible.However, if the pressure exceeds 0.6 kPa, the dissociation reaction progresses slowly and is not realistic. It is also preferable to reduce the pressure. More preferably, it is not more than 0.06 kPa.
- a method of calculating chemical equilibrium and an experimental calculation while collecting samples are required. There is a way to
- Mg alloy 10 to 100 ppm is added to the molten steel in an amount equivalent to Mg, and the ingot after remelting is added. It is preferable to reduce Mg to 5 ppm or less.
- A1 As a component aimed at as a steel ingot, it is desirable to apply A1 not as an impurity of steel, but to a steel type that is positively added to generate inclusions and a steel type, for example, a steel type containing 0.1 to 6 mass%.
- the reason why the upper limit is set to 6 niass% is based on the recognition that the upper limit is about 6% for general-purpose materials.
- the present invention can be applied to steel grades containing Ti of 0.1 to 2 mass%.
- the reason for setting the upper limit to 2mass% is that the upper limit of the amount of Ti contained in general-purpose steel is about 2%.
- the effect of the present invention is exerted to some extent even when the value is below the lower limit or above the upper limit.
- Examples of practical steel types to which the present invention is applied include maraging steel. Particularly recently, there has been an application in which maraging steel is used as a belt for vehicle power transmission as a ribbon having a thickness of about 0.2 mm or less. In this way, the thickness of the steel finally becomes less than 0.5 mm. In such applications, for example, oxides with a size of more than 15 / im have a high risk of starting high-cycle fatigue rupture, and the oxides in the material should be less than 15 ⁇ There is a need.
- TiN exists in the steel ingot.
- This TiN has a rectangular shape and is easily susceptible to stress concentration, and because it forms a hydrogen embrittlement region called a dark area, it is more sensitive to high cycle fatigue fatigue rupture than oxides. It is said that the TiN in the material needs to be approximately 10 / m or less. Therefore, it is a steel type suitable for the production method of the present invention.
- maraging steel is an alloy that can obtain very high strength of around 200 OMpa and excellent ductility by aging (aging hardening) the martensite structure. It is an age-hardened super-strength steel containing 8 to 25 mass% in mass%.
- the preferred chemical composition (mass s%) of this maraging steel is as follows.
- O oxygen
- the oxide-based inclusions can be controlled to be ultrafine, but it is more desirable to reduce the amount of oxygen that becomes the acid-based inclusions. Therefore, O should be limited to less than 10 ppm.
- N nitrogen is an element that forms nitride and carbonitride inclusions.
- nitride-based inclusions can be controlled to be ultra-fine, but it is more desirable to reduce the amount of nitrogen that becomes nitride-based inclusions. Therefore, N should be limited to less than 15 ppm.
- C carbon
- the upper limit of C is preferably set to 0.01% or less.
- Ti is an indispensable element that forms a fine intermetallic compound by aging treatment and contributes to strengthening by precipitating, and desirably contains 0.3% or more. If the content exceeds 2.0%, ductility and toughness deteriorate, so the content of Ti is preferably set to 2.0% or less.
- Ni is an essential element for forming a tough matrix structure. Only However, if it is less than 8.0%, toughness deteriorates. On the other hand, if it exceeds 22%, austenite is stabilized and it becomes difficult to form a martensite structure. Therefore, Ni should be set to 8.0 to 22.0%.
- Co lowers the solid solubility of Mo without significantly affecting the stability of the martensite structure, which is the matrix, and promotes the formation and precipitation of Mo by forming fine intermetallic compounds. Therefore, it is an element that contributes to precipitation strengthening. However, if the content is less than 5.0%, a sufficient effect is not necessarily obtained, and if it exceeds 20.0%, a tendency for brittleness is observed, so that the Co content is 5.0 to 20%. 0%.
- Mo is an element that forms fine intermetallic compounds by aging treatment and contributes to strengthening by precipitating in the matrix.
- the amount should be between 2.0 and 9.0%.
- A1 not only contributes to aging-precipitated strengthening but also has a deoxidizing effect, so it is better to contain 0.01% or more, but if it exceeds 1.7%, toughness deteriorates. Therefore, its content should be 1.7% or less.
- Fe may be substantially Fe.
- B is an element effective for refining crystal grains, so even if B is contained in a range of 0.01% or less that does not deteriorate toughness.
- unavoidable impurity elements are included.
- Si and Mn promote the precipitation of coarse intermetallic compounds that cause brittleness and reduce ductility and toughness, or form nonmetallic inclusions to reduce fatigue strength.
- Mn should be 0.1% or less, desirably 0.05% or less.
- Stince P and S also cause grain boundary embrittlement and form nonmetallic inclusions, which lower the fatigue strength. It should be less than 01%.
- Another example of a practical copper type to which the present invention is applied is mold steel for plastics.
- Plastic products molded by plastic molds have the appearance Is required to be free of flaws.
- the presence of inclusions larger than approximately 10 m on the surface of the molded part may cause pinhole defects.
- the oxides and nitrides present in the material must be less than 10 // in.
- the application of the present invention is very effective also in the melting of tool steel such as mold steel.
- the steel for plastic molds suitable for applying the present invention includes, for example, C: 0.005 to 0.5%, ⁇ : 0.2 to 3.0%, and S i: 0.1 to 2.0. %, Ni: 1.5 to 4%, A1: 0 .:! To 2.0% as essential components, and Cr: 3 to 8%, Cu: 0.3 as required.
- ⁇ 3.5%, W or Mo is more than 0.1 ⁇ 3% by 1/2 W + Mo, S (sulfur): 0.3% or less, Co: 2% or less, Nb: 0.5% or less, V: Any one or more of 0.5% or less may be contained.
- the balance is substantially Fe and inevitable impurities, but N (nitrogen) and O (oxygen), which form inclusions, are preferably 0.01% or less.
- a machinability improving element may be included up to a range of about 1% in total.
- an alloy having a composition within the above range for example, there is an alloy having an alloy composition described in Japanese Patent No. 3351766, Japanese Patent No. 2879930, and Japanese Patent Publication No. 59-37738.
- FIG. 1a is a cross-sectional electron micrograph showing nitride-based inclusions found in the maraging steel “electrode” manufactured by the method of the present invention.
- FIG. Lb is a cross-sectional electron micrograph showing another nitride-based inclusion found in a maraging steel “electrode” manufactured by the method of the present invention.
- FIG. 1c is a cross-sectional electron micrograph showing another nitride-based inclusion found in a maraging steel “electrode” manufactured by the method of the present invention.
- Figure 2 is a cross-sectional electron micrograph showing nitride-based inclusions found in a maraging steel “electrode” manufactured by the comparative method.
- FIG. 3a is an electron micrograph of the MgO-type inclusions extracted from the maraging steel “electrode” manufactured by the method of the present invention.
- FIG. 3b is an electron micrograph showing MgO-type inclusions extracted from the maraging steel “electrode” manufactured by the method of the present invention.
- Figure 4a is extracted from the ⁇ electrode '' of maraging steel manufactured by the comparative method.
- Figure 4b is extracted from the ⁇ electrode '' of a maraging steel manufactured by the comparative method.
- Figure 5a shows the oxide inclusions found in a steel strip sample obtained by subjecting a maraging steel ⁇ steel ingot '' manufactured by the method of the present invention to hot rolling, solution treatment, cold rolling, and aging. It is an electron micrograph.
- Figure 5b shows the oxide inclusions found in a steel strip sample obtained by subjecting a maraging steel ⁇ steel ingot '' produced by the method of the present invention to hot rolling, solution treatment, cold rolling, and aging treatment. It is an electron micrograph.
- Fig. 5c shows the oxidized steels found in the steel strip samples obtained by hot rolling, solution treatment, cold rolling, and aging the maraging steel “steel ingot” produced by this method. It is an electron micrograph of an inclusion.
- Fig. 6a shows acid inclusions in a steel strip sample obtained by hot rolling, solution treatment, cold rolling, and aging a maraging steel ⁇ steel ingot '' manufactured by the comparative method. It is an electron microscope photograph of.
- Fig. 6b shows acid inclusions in a steel strip sample obtained by hot rolling, solution treatment, cold rolling, and aging a maraging steel ⁇ steel ingot '' manufactured by the comparative method. It is an electron microscope photograph of.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing nitride inclusions found in a steel strip sample obtained by subjecting a maraging steel ⁇ steel ingot '' produced by the method of the present invention to hot rolling, solution treatment, cold rolling, and aging treatment. It is an electron micrograph.
- Figure 8 shows nitride inclusions in a steel strip sample obtained by hot rolling, solution treatment, cold rolling, and aging a maraging steel ⁇ steel ingot '' manufactured by the comparative method. It is an electron micrograph of this.
- FIG. 9 shows the fatigue test results of the maraging steel obtained by the method of the present invention and the comparative method.
- Example 1
- One of the typical components of maraging steel is a 1 ton consumable electrode for VAR melting, with the Mg content in molten steel being about 200 ppm without additive and the Mg content changed in six ways.
- a primary dissolution electrode to be subjected to VAR was manufactured.
- a consumable electrode manufactured under the condition of adding or not adding a trace amount of Mg at VIM was also manufactured.
- the electrodes manufactured with these VIMs were redissolved using VAR under the same conditions to produce steel ingots.
- the same type of VAR type was used.
- the degree of vacuum was 1.3 Pa, and the input current was melted at 6.5 kA in the stationary part of the steel ingot.
- Table 1 shows the chemical composition of the consumable electrode manufactured by VIM and the steel ingot obtained by vacuum re-melting the electrode using VAR. No. 7 to No. 12 This shows the effect of SMg-added calories on nitrides and carbonitrides. '
- the consumable electrodes are shown as “electrodes” and those after VAR are shown as “steel ingots”.
- the value of “electrode” corresponds to the value of the Mg oxide forming step of the present invention, and the value of “steel ingot” corresponds to the value of the dissociation step of the present invention.
- a block was cut out from the “electrode” of Comparative Sample No. 5, and the cross section was observed with an electron microscope.
- Fig. 2 shows an electron micrograph of a typical nitride inclusion.
- the method of investigating the ratio of inclusions mainly composed of MgO is as follows.
- Electrode Beam Butt on Melting (EBBM) method is to collect 10 specimens of 1 g each from the electrode. Then, a method was used in which a metal piece of the sample was heated and melted to form a metal sphere, and the light-weight specific inclusions floating on the surface of the metal sphere were investigated.
- EBBM Electro Beam Butt on Melting
- FIGs. 3a, 33 ⁇ 4, 4a, and 4b Electron micrographs of inclusions extracted by the EB BM method are shown in Figs. 3a, 33 ⁇ 4, 4a, and 4b.
- Figure 3 a, Fig. 3 b is inclusions M G_ ⁇ type in the present invention No. 2, 4 is the specific Comparative Examples, Fig. 4 a, 4 b is Inclusions A 1 2 0 3 are aggregated
- FIG 4 b is an inclusion of the spinel "MgO- a 1 2 0 3" type.
- the steel ingot after 1 was subjected to soaking at 1250 ° C for 20 hours, and then hot forged to obtain a hot forged product.
- Table 2 shows that in the lots in which the value of ingot Mg is 50% or less of the equivalent amount of added Mg, there is no oxide-based nonmetallic inclusion exceeding 20 ⁇ m in the maraging steel strip, and the electrode Mg It can be seen that the size tends to decrease as the content increases.
- the intended composition of the oxide-based nonmetallic inclusions of the steel ingot observed in this evaluation by the present invention a spinel (MgO- A 1 2 0 3) based oxides oxide and Mg O principal and, by way of comparative example was an oxide of a 1 2 O 3 principal.
- the reason that the oxide-based inclusions of the “electrode” were changed to spinel-based inclusions after re-dissolution was that the MgO present in the electrode was evaporated, and some of the non-evaporated MgO was evaporated. This is a force that decomposes into Mg and O to become a spinel-type oxide-based non-metallic inclusion, slightly remaining as MgO.
- the spinel-type inclusions (MgO—Al 2 ⁇ 3 ) newly formed during this vacuum remelting are accompanied by the effect of reducing the electrode oxygen concentration by adding Mg, and accompanying the Mg evaporation during vacuum melting.
- MgO the decomposition of MgO, becomes less fine inclusions 20 im, newly considered that a A 1 2 0 3 is also intended to be generated as inclusions, the reduction of O amount [Koyori 20 Myuitaiota those less fine Can be
- FIG. 5a, 5b and 5c show electron micrographs of typical oxide inclusions of the present invention.
- Figure 5 a is MgO inclusions
- Fig. 5 b is spinel inclusions (Mg O- Al 2 0 3)
- FIG. 5 c is an aggregate of A 1 2 O 3 inclusions.
- Figure 6 a to that shown in FIG. 6 b is an electron micrograph of a typical ladle of oxide inclusions in comparative examples
- Fig. 6 a is A 1 2 O 3 inclusions
- Fig 6 b is "Mg O- is a 1 2 0 3 spinel inclusion ", it has become a large and inclusions and the ratio of the present invention.
- inclusions were investigated using the sample in the 0.5 mm steel strip, but there were no particular changes in the inclusion form, composition, and size compared to the ⁇ steel ingot '' stage. It is not possible.
- nitrides and carbonitrides After collecting 10 g of the sample to be used for detailed evaluation of nitrides and carbonitrides, dissolve it in a mixed acid solution or a bromine-methanol solution, and then reduce the filter area to reduce the density of nitrides and carbonitrides. Then, 10,000 nitrides and carbonitrides were observed by SEM, and the maximum size was measured.
- the value of the ingot Mg is 50% or less of the equivalent amount It can be seen that there is no oxide-based nonmetallic inclusion exceeding 20 ⁇ in the maraging steel strip. Also, regarding the maximum length of the nitride, etc., when the electrode nitrogen concentration is 5 ppm, the size of the nitride and the like becomes finer by 2 to 3 m by adding Mg, and when the electrode nitrogen concentration is 10 ppm, It is important that the size of nitride etc. is reduced to 3 to 4 ⁇ by the addition of Mg.
- Fig. 7 shows an electron micrograph of the nitride-based inclusion of Sample No. 8 of this effort
- Fig. 8 shows an electron micrograph of the nitride-based inclusion of Comparative Sample No. 11.
- the sample was prepared by subjecting the test pieces of the present invention sample No. 7 and the comparative sample No. 11 to soaking at 1250 ° C. for 20 hours, and then performing hot forging to obtain a rod having a diameter of 15 mm. Material. Next, the bar was subjected to a solution treatment at 820 ° C for 0.5 hour and then an aging treatment for 3 hours at 480 ° C for 0.5 hour, and 10 bars each of sample No. 7 and comparative material No. 11 were prepared. Prepare ultrasonic fatigue test piece fc.
- This ultrasonic fatigue test piece was subjected to a fatigue test with an ultrasonic fatigue tester at a stress amplitude of 40 OMPa.
- the fatigue test was performed so that the operation period at a vibration speed of 20 kHz was 80 ms, and the stop for cooling was 190 ms, and was repeated until the test piece broke. Observation of the fracture starting point of the fractured test piece showed that the test piece had a fatigue crack propagated from the inclusion as a starting point, leading to fracture.
- the maximum length of the inclusion was set to SE It was measured by M observation.
- Figure 9 shows a plot of the maximum length of the inclusion, which is the starting point, and the number of repetitions of the fatigue test when fracture occurs.
- the pinholes described above are used. It is possible to obtain a mold steel with no defects and excellent polishability.
- the Mg content in the molten steel was added to the typical components of the plastic mold with no addition to about 200 p ⁇ , and the Mg content was adjusted. (Remainder: Fe and unavoidable impurities).
- Mg was added to molten steel using a Ni-Mg alloy, and then solidified in a mold ⁇ to produce a primary melting electrode for VAR.
- a consumable electrode manufactured with VIM with or without the addition of a small amount of Mg was also manufactured.
- the haze poles produced by these VIMs were remelted using VAR under the same conditions to produce steel ingots.
- the same type of VAR type was used, and the degree of vacuum was 1.3 Pa, and the input current was melted at 6.5 KA in the steady part of the steel ingot.
- the obtained ingot is forged into a slab with a cross-sectional dimension of 40 OmmX 50 mm, heat-treated, and a test piece of 5 OmmX 50 mm is cut out from the central force in the slab width direction, and adjusted to a martensite alloy with a predetermined hardness Then, it was used as a test material.
- the heat treatment is hardness Quenching is 100 to obtain 40 HRC ⁇ 5. After heating for 1 hour at the same temperature and air cooling, and then tempering at an appropriate temperature of 20 ° C from 520 ° C to 580 ° C for 1 hour, then air-cooling.
- inclusion size and polishability were evaluated.
- each TP sample was dissolved by the same acid extraction treatment as in the case of maraging steel, and the length of the inclusions obtained by filtration with a filter was observed by SEM.
- polishability Specimen was subjected to a mirror finish to the # 3-00 level and the # 600 level using a grinder "Paper” diamond compound method. The number of fine pits generated was counted using a double magnifier and evaluated.
- the ingot of the present invention is capable of finely dispersing nonmetallic inclusions present in the ingot, and is a maraging steel in which high cycle fatigue strength is a problem, a mold steel in which mirror polishing by inclusions is a problem, etc. In addition, it is effective as a method for producing steel in general, where the size of inclusions is a problem.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (8)
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CN2004800297120A CN1867685B (zh) | 2003-10-08 | 2004-04-30 | 制造钢锭的方法 |
EP04730668A EP1679384B1 (en) | 2003-10-08 | 2004-04-30 | Method for producing steel ingot |
AT04730668T ATE492657T1 (de) | 2003-10-08 | 2004-04-30 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines stahlblocks |
AU2004280023A AU2004280023B2 (en) | 2003-10-08 | 2004-04-30 | Method for producing steel ingot |
DE602004030702T DE602004030702D1 (de) | 2003-10-08 | 2004-04-30 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines stahlblocks |
JP2005514523A JP4692282B2 (ja) | 2003-10-08 | 2004-04-30 | 鋼塊の製造方法 |
US10/574,839 US7597737B2 (en) | 2003-10-08 | 2004-04-30 | Method for producing steel ingot |
CA2541319A CA2541319C (en) | 2003-10-08 | 2004-04-30 | Method of producing steel ingot |
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JP2003-349559 | 2003-10-08 |
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WO2005035798A1 true WO2005035798A1 (ja) | 2005-04-21 |
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PCT/JP2004/006287 WO2005035798A1 (ja) | 2003-10-08 | 2004-04-30 | 鋼塊の製造方法 |
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US (1) | US7597737B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1679384B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4692282B2 (ja) |
KR (3) | KR20060083228A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1867685B (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE492657T1 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2004280023B2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2541319C (ja) |
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WO (1) | WO2005035798A1 (ja) |
Cited By (5)
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WO2012132138A1 (ja) * | 2011-03-31 | 2012-10-04 | 日立金属株式会社 | 溶鋼への亜鉛添加方法および亜鉛添加鋼の製造方法 |
WO2013146689A1 (ja) * | 2012-03-28 | 2013-10-03 | 日立金属株式会社 | 金型用鋼材の製造方法、金型用鋼材、金型用プリハードン素材の製造方法、および金型用プリハードン素材 |
US8894908B2 (en) | 2006-08-10 | 2014-11-25 | Basf Se | Process for production of a die for the production of surface-structured coating (finish) |
WO2016010071A1 (ja) * | 2014-07-16 | 2016-01-21 | 日立金属株式会社 | マルエージング鋼の製造方法およびマルエージング鋼の消耗電極の製造方法 |
JP2017043817A (ja) * | 2015-08-28 | 2017-03-02 | 大同特殊鋼株式会社 | Ti含有マルエージング鋼の製造方法及びそのプリフォームの製造方法 |
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CN104105931A (zh) * | 2011-12-06 | 2014-10-15 | 特灵国际有限公司 | 无油液体冷却器的滚动轴承 |
EP2980233B8 (en) * | 2013-03-28 | 2019-07-17 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | Method for refining ti-based inclusions in maraging steel by vacuum arc remelting |
RU2656899C1 (ru) * | 2014-06-10 | 2018-06-07 | Хитачи Металз, Лтд. | Способ изготовления мартенситно-стареющей стали |
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RU2686706C1 (ru) * | 2018-06-01 | 2019-04-30 | Общество с ограниченной отвественностью "Лаборатория специальной металлургии" (ООО "Ласмет") | Мартенситностареющая высокопрочная сталь 01Н18К9М5Т |
CN112285140B (zh) * | 2020-10-20 | 2022-01-28 | 北京航空航天大学 | 一种单晶超高周疲劳内部裂纹早期扩展速率定量表征方法 |
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- 2004-04-30 CA CA2541319A patent/CA2541319C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-04-30 AT AT04730668T patent/ATE492657T1/de active
- 2004-04-30 AU AU2004280023A patent/AU2004280023B2/en not_active Expired
- 2004-04-30 WO PCT/JP2004/006287 patent/WO2005035798A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2004-04-30 JP JP2005514523A patent/JP4692282B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-04-30 CN CN2004800297120A patent/CN1867685B/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-04-30 KR KR1020087001071A patent/KR20080009170A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-04-30 DE DE602004030702T patent/DE602004030702D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-04-30 US US10/574,839 patent/US7597737B2/en active Active
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---|---|---|---|---|
US8894908B2 (en) | 2006-08-10 | 2014-11-25 | Basf Se | Process for production of a die for the production of surface-structured coating (finish) |
WO2012132138A1 (ja) * | 2011-03-31 | 2012-10-04 | 日立金属株式会社 | 溶鋼への亜鉛添加方法および亜鉛添加鋼の製造方法 |
WO2013146689A1 (ja) * | 2012-03-28 | 2013-10-03 | 日立金属株式会社 | 金型用鋼材の製造方法、金型用鋼材、金型用プリハードン素材の製造方法、および金型用プリハードン素材 |
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WO2016010071A1 (ja) * | 2014-07-16 | 2016-01-21 | 日立金属株式会社 | マルエージング鋼の製造方法およびマルエージング鋼の消耗電極の製造方法 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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AU2004280023A1 (en) | 2005-04-21 |
CA2541319A1 (en) | 2005-04-21 |
ATE492657T1 (de) | 2011-01-15 |
JPWO2005035798A1 (ja) | 2006-12-21 |
CN1867685B (zh) | 2010-07-21 |
JP4692282B2 (ja) | 2011-06-01 |
CN1867685A (zh) | 2006-11-22 |
KR100835982B1 (ko) | 2008-06-09 |
US7597737B2 (en) | 2009-10-06 |
AU2004280023B2 (en) | 2009-01-22 |
EP1679384A1 (en) | 2006-07-12 |
KR20060083228A (ko) | 2006-07-20 |
EP1679384B1 (en) | 2010-12-22 |
US20070039418A1 (en) | 2007-02-22 |
CA2541319C (en) | 2010-04-20 |
KR20070108574A (ko) | 2007-11-12 |
DE602004030702D1 (de) | 2011-02-03 |
KR20080009170A (ko) | 2008-01-24 |
EP1679384A4 (en) | 2008-04-23 |
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