Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F41—WEAPONS
  • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
  • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
  • F41H5/02—Plate construction
  • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F41—WEAPONS
  • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
  • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
  • F41H5/007—Reactive armour; Dynamic armour

Definitions

• the invention relates to an overall protection arrangement against threats, and in particular to a hybrid polyvalent reactive overall protection arrangement against the entire spectrum of possible threats, according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
• all previously known protective structures against both shaped charge (HL) and balancing projectile (KE) threats consist of a protective element that is effective against both types of threat (e.g. a high-strength homogeneous armor plate or a sandwich arrangement) or a sequence of two layers, in which each layer is assigned a special effectiveness against one or the other threat. From a strategic and operational point of view, the highest possible protection of lighter and light armored vehicles (especially air-loading systems) up to pure transport vehicles is of particular interest.
• an inert-dynamic component is understood to mean an inert protective component which does not contain a pyrotechnic medium and which is accelerated directly by the impact process or in conjunction with a medium which builds up pressure through the impact energy (for example buckling plate sandwich).
• special protection against KE threats is generally provided permanently installed, ie firmly connected to the object to be protected or the vehicle wall.
• a variety of reactive armor has become known in the past thirty years and has also been used in a number of armored vehicles worldwide. However, these are predominantly protective arrangements against shaped charges. Their effect is usually based on the fact that when a projectile is hit by a pyrotechnic agent (explosive foil), one or more metallic plates, which form an angle with respect to the threat, are accelerated towards or with it, by touching the accelerated plates laterally with the threat of reducing their efficiency by destroying or deflecting the beam or penetrator. In the patent DE 1 99 56 1 97 C2, some examples are given for this.
• one or more elements with the mode of operation described above are arranged in a housing.
• This can be used, for example, to build up a multilayer reactive protection, or a plurality of reactive elements can be used in a planar arrangement with or without intermediate damping layers to form a protective surface.
• Questions of operational / constructive use play a role here, as does the protection of the structure of the vehicle and the environment against the effects of detonation of the explosives and the protective components accelerated to speeds of more than 300 m / s (e.g. thin steel sheets).
• the patent DE 199 56 1 97 C2 also gives some examples of this.
• glass in particular has the property of penetrating an HL jet due to its specific high pressure properties and the associated spontaneous volume changes to cause beam disturbances and thereby reduce its penetration depth. Furthermore, it is known that this effect of the radiation disturbance can be considerably increased by dynamically compressing the glass volume during the penetration of an HL steel by means of one or more explosive layers or explosive bodies (eg so-called pills). A similar, reinforcing effect also occurs with a strong lateral dam. Such arrangements, however, require very large lateral masses, which mainly represent dead masses.
• Patent document DE 1 99 56 1 97 C2 describes a multilayer reactive protective element, in particular for the protection of lighter vehicles, which detonates when a projectile hits.
• this arrangement is provided with a high-strength fiber composite material to avoid hard splinters.
• the protection unit is arranged in parallel or at a predetermined angle to the outer wall of the object to be protected.
• a characteristic feature of this invention is that (apart from a possible metallic casing of the explosive foil) no metallic protective plates are used.
• the use of fiber composite material is also intended to provide protection against ballistic projectiles of smaller caliber (machine gun).
• Patent specification DE 1 99 56 1 97 C2 also describes that a buckling plate can be arranged between the outer wall of the object to be protected and the explosive layer nearby. In the event of a detonation, this is hurled against the outer wall of the object to be protected, but no metallic splinters get into the surroundings. In fact, arrangements such as those described in the patent specification DE 1 99 56 1 97 C2 have the advantage of achieving good beam disturbances against hollow charge jets with sufficient angles of inclination in relation to the penetrating threat and thus considerable reductions in performance. However, since the reactive non-metallic substances have only a low density with a correspondingly low mechanical strength, their potential for interference is limited or explosive foils with a corresponding thickness must be used to ensure the lateral radiation interference.
• KE penetrators In addition, a noteworthy protective effect against KE penetrators is limited to the range of small calibers, since such arrangements cannot build up sufficiently large transverse forces to deflect or destroy KE penetrators. But even then, large target thicknesses or plate thickness ⁇ are required, since the protective performance of the materials mentioned against metal sheets is very much lower. Arrangements, such as those described in the patent DE 1 99 56 1 97 C2, can advantageously be applied as additional armor (add-on armor) in front of a KE protection, in order, for example, to achieve the high penetration capacity of shaped charges of the order of more than To compensate 300 rnm in the middle caliber range, which can extend up to load diameters of 80 mm.
• a hybrid polyvalent reactive total protection arrangement with the lowest possible total mass against HL, FK and KE threats, which offers a higher protection potential against any type of the said threat than a protection arrangement oriented only to one type of threat.
• the performance of ballistic protection is usually derived from its effectiveness against a specific threat, such as shaped charges or KE penetrators, in comparison to a reference or reference armor.
• a homogeneous steel plate of certain strength is a good reference.
• a comparative assessment can also be made with any other armor.
• Two sizes have been introduced to characterize the quality of armor: the ratio of penetrated mass in the reference armor to penetrated mass in the armor under consideration, i.e. the so-called mass effectiveness factor (Em), and the ratio of the corresponding construction depths, ie the so-called space effectivity factor (Es).
• Em mass effectiveness factor
• Es space effectivity factor
• a criterion for the quality of a protective structure can then be the product of both factors.
• the invention relates to a fixed or detachable or integrated in a vehicle structure or in general on a structure to be protected Combined overall protection arrangement against shaped charges, flat cone charges, swirl and aerodynamically stabilized balancing projectiles and splinters.
• the total ⁇ protection arrangement is in its highest reactive stage of two reactive protective zone and an intermediate inert or inert-dynamic protective inner zone. Dab ei has the side of the front protection zone facing the threat, a reactive structure primarily to ward off shaped charge threats. FK and KE threats should be pre-disturbed as far as possible in this front protection zone or the direction of action or performance should already be fanned out or at least a corresponding fault should be initiated.
• the inner protection zone (also with dynamically effective facilities) primarily serves to ward off KE threats.
• the rear, vehicle-side protection zone is designed in the highest stage of development as a reactive device for intercepting the residual power of shaped charge beams and penetrating KE projectiles.
• the rear protection zone can also advantageously consist of an inert, dynamically acting or structured / multi-layered zone or only represent a passive residual armor.
• the inner protection zone can also contain a reactive component.
• the overall protection arrangement in its final stage consists of three already powerful components or protection zones: a front, reactive protection zone, a second, inner inert or inert-dynamic protection zone (non-reactive modules, buckling plate arrangements, solid, layer-like or structured protective layers) and a third, rear inert, inert-dynamic or also reactive protection zone.
• the individual protection zones complement each other in an optimal way and together with the object wall form an adapted overall protection or, by integrating the supporting structure, a structure-optimized overall protection.
• the hybrid polyvalent overall protection arrangement can be used both as turret or weapon protection, side and frontal protection and as protection of the chassis (chain apron).
• the front and the (if provided) rear reactive protection zone are triggered or fired at a time interval by means of the penetrating threat.
• a vehicle load that is greatly reduced compared to conventional reactive armor structures can be achieved.
• the energy acting on the wall or the transmitted impulse corresponds to the energy or the impulse of the protection modules acting forward in the direction of the threat.
• the front, reactive component can be accelerated more harmlessly than the other reactive protective structures without a loss of performance for the structure if a dynamically flexible / depth-variable design of the inner, inert-dynamic protective zone takes place.
• it is advantageous to produce the front reactive protection zone for example in the manner described in patent specification DE 1 99 56 1 97 C2, from a material that breaks down into fine particles or an atomizing or delaminating material.
• the three protection zones mentioned are connected in series. However, they can also be partially or completely combined. This will be necessary especially if the available depth is limited.
• the rear protection zone minimizes the impact or shock loads acting on the vehicle and the effects of impacting upstream protection components. It can be connected upstream of the vehicle structure, combined with it or integrated directly into it.
• each of the protection zones is effective in itself, but the maximum protection performance is only brought about by the lateral loads that occur on the entering and penetrating KE or FK penetrator or HL beam when the reactive process is triggered, at least in the front area of the overall protection arrangement ,
• a suitable protective structure enables reactive pre-interference with subsequent penetration deflection or erosion even in the case of strong KE threats.
• 1 A shows a first approximation of a vertical arrangement with the three protection zones A, B and C in front of the remaining armor or residual power zone D;
• FIG. 1B shows an inclined arrangement corresponding to FIG. 1A
• Fig. 2 is a side view and a plan view of an armored vehicle (here
• 3 shows the directions of action of a reactive sandwich
• FIG. 6 lateral interference possibilities of the individual components of a reactive sandwich: rear component and effects on the threats;
• Fig. 7 the directions of action of inert dynamic (buckling plate) arrangements on
• Fig. 8 examples of horizontal and vertical buckling plate arrangements
• FIG. 10B shows a protective structure corresponding to FIG. 10A with a supporting subsequent layer
• FIG. 1 A shows a pressure field corresponding to FIG. 9 when a P-charge projectile penetrates
• 1 1 B shows a pressure field corresponding to FIG. 9 when an arrow projectile penetrates
• 1 2A shows the lateral disruption due to an inclined explosive layer (large film area) introduced into a homogeneous or layer-like target
• Fig. 1 4 examples of assignments of reactive sandwiches
• Fig. 1 5 examples of disassembly properties or disassembly mechanisms (only the front component is considered);
• Fig. 1 6 examples of one- or multi-layer or multi-part explosive populations of reactive sandwiches
• FIG. 1 7 exemplary embodiments for the front protective component corresponding to FIG. 1 A / 1 B, wherein FIG. 1 7A shows a pyrotechnic coating embedded in A, 1 7B shows a rear pyrotechnic coating of A, FIG. 7C shows a pyrotechnic coating inserted at A at an angle, and FIG. 1 7D shows a modification example for A corresponding to FIG. 1 shows 7C;
• Fig. 1 8 embodiments for the inert or inert-dynamic acting
• Protection zone B corresponding to Fig. 1A / 1B, Fig. 1 8A showing a homogeneous layer, Fig. 1 8B showing a sandwich construction, Fig. 1 8C showing a buckle plate blind, and Fig. 1 8D a tandem buckle plate blind shows;
• FIG. 1 9 further exemplary embodiments for the protection zone B corresponding to FIG. 1 A / 1 B in the form of inert homogeneous, layered and inert dynamically acting solutions, FIG. 1 9A showing parallel, inert dynamically acting buckling plates and antiparallel outer surfaces, FIG. 1 9B one Blind-type inert dynamic buckling plate structure and anti-parallel outer surfaces, and Fig. 1 9C shows parallel inert-dynamic buckling plates and a subsequent buckling plate blind and anti-parallel boundaries of B; 20A modifications of the protective structure corresponding to FIG. 1A / 1B, the protective zone B being followed by a residual power zone D;
• FIG. 20B shows a reactive hybrid protection corresponding to FIG. 1A / 1B in the form of a protection zone B as the first (threat-side) protection zone, followed by a protection zone C with outer surfaces that are inclined at very different angles;
• FIG. 21 shows a further arrangement corresponding to FIG. 1A / 1B with a protective zone B designed as a reactive module with KE-active materials and a buffer layer in C;
• FIG. 22 shows a reactive hybrid overall protection arrangement corresponding to FIG. 1A / 1B with inert pre-armoring, formed from zones A and a combination of zones B / C / D in a protective component;
• FIG. 23 shows a reactive hybrid overall protection arrangement corresponding to FIG. 1A / 1B with an upstream / integrated triggering (contact) grating / detection device, ignition device for the explosive foils, and a damping layer between zones B and the combined zone C / D, which also serves as a carrier plate;
• Fig. 24 is a Monerschutzan arrangement corresponding to Figure 1 A / 1 B with reactive, disassembling Vorsan wich, damping layer and subsequent buckling panel blind.
• FIG. 25 shows an overall protection arrangement corresponding to FIG. 1A / 1B as an insert in a corresponding chamber / mounting device and fanning option / possibility of changing the distance for the individual components;
• FIG. 26 shows an overall protection arrangement corresponding to FIG. 1A / 1B with insertable interchangeable / exchangeable modules (protection zones) and (here) an integrated supporting structure.
• Fig. 1 shows the basic structure of a hybrid polyvalent reactive overall protection arrangement according to the invention both in a primarily vertical arrangement (Fig. 1A) and in an inclined design (Fig. 1B) with the corresponding threat spectrum (Fig. 1C).
• 1A shows an overall protection arrangement 1A (formed from the protection zones A, B, C and the supporting structure D) with a solid, layer-like or structured KE defense zone B (4) in front of a vehicle or another structure to be protected D (2), which can also take over the function of intercepting any remaining power.
• the KE defense zone 4 is located between two delimiting, placed or installed protection zones A (3) and C (5), with at least protection zone A, with the highest configuration also protection zone C and with special structures also the inner protection zone B with a particular reactive device effective against shaped charges are provided.
• the overall protective arrangement in the different figures is provided with a dashed frame which separates the actual protective arrangement according to the invention from the residual power zone in the sense of a structure to be protected (usually bearing), for example an armored vehicle. demarcates.
• the adaptable and / or integrable polyvalent, inert, inert-dynamic and / or reactive overall protection arrangement is based on the angle of impact of a threat to be interpreted largely independently.
• FIG. 1B shows such an overall protection arrangement in the complete configuration with all three protection zones corresponding to FIG. 1A in an angled position (measured on the vehicle wall).
• the threat types are shaped charge (HL) 6, flat cone charge (FK) 7, aerodynamically stabilized balancing bullets 8, spin-stabilized bullets 9 and splinters 10 are put together.
• the reactive equipped protection ⁇ support zones 3 and optionally 5 on the side acting as a dam KE-defensive zone 4 and thus achieve a high pyrotechnic efficiency, wherein the front and rear reactive protective zone 3 and 5 in the intermediate inner protection zone (KE defense zone B) 4 by creating a dynamic pressure field in this protection zone an additional dynamic effect (for example a relative movement of structural parts or a pressure build-up in a quasi-homogeneous medium).
• the reactive areas are preferably covered with structures and / or materials which disassemble or delaminate when the explosive film is detonated in order to reduce structural loads and to avoid danger to the battlefield (cf. FIG. 15).
• they can consist of a material or be covered with a material which itself can achieve no or only a slight end ballistic effect.
• the rear protection zone C can also be designed to be inert and / or inert-dynamic. This supports both the demand for a high feature protection and in particular the demand for a high inert protection (inert basic protection) as well as the desire for the lowest possible structural load.
• the reactive component (s) together with the inert component (s) represent a protective combination that is largely independent of the direction of impact of the threat and is also highly effective.
• the polyvalent hybrid overall protection arrangement offers the advantage of great variability and adaptability through modularity, as illustrated, for example, by the design examples in FIGS. 20, 21, 22 and 24 to 26.
• the overall protection arrangement can be optimally adapted to the respective protection zones of the vehicle (side surfaces, bow, chain apron, turret, weapon) or can be integrated.
• 3, 5 - 9 and 1 2 - 1 5 the essential aspects in the defense against both HL, FK and KE threats are shown by means of reactive and inert dynamic (buckling) arrangements. Further protection options are discussed in FIGS. 9-1 1.
• FIGS. 4, 1 0, 1 1 and 1 6 - 1 9 show both structure-specific, parametric and material-specific possibilities of influence. This makes it clear that the present invention can be used universally with regard to the possibilities of adapting it both to the threat scenario and to system-related requirements.
• Fig. 3 shows the basic directions of action of a reactive sandwich 1 3 in the usual construction of accelerated protective layers / explosive-accelerated plates / layers.
• the threat direction, the front 1 4 and rear occupancy 1 5 of the protective structure 1 3 and the pyrotechnic / reactive zone / explosive layer 1 6 are shown.
• the arrows 1 7 and 1 8 symbolize the direction of movement of the components 1 4 and 1 5 and thus the lateral cause of failure of the projectile entering the protection zone after initiation of the reactive process.
• a similar structure is shown by buckling plate arrangements in which a dynamically pressure-building material such as rubber is used instead of the explosive (cf. FIG. 7).
• a dynamically pressure-building material such as rubber is used instead of the explosive (cf. FIG. 7).
• the major difference is that in the case of inert-dynamic buckling plates, the pressure field in the intermediate layer, which is initiated solely by the penetrating threat, remains relatively limited, depending on the material used, with primarily the rear-facing assignment in the direction of the threat coming into effect, while the reactive one
• the explosives layer accelerated the sandwich panels in both directions more or less extensively to a technically adjustable speed.
• the parameters such as covering thickness or density, inclination, element size and explosive material thickness must be designed so that the longest possible interaction is ensured.
• FIG. 4 shows examples of the positioning options for both reactive and inert-dynamic (buckling) sandwich structures in combination with a load-bearing protective structure 20, which here also represents the essential KE component.
• a reactive protection module 21 is upstream of the structure 20, in the construction of FIG. 4B, two reactive protection modules 21 are shown as an example of multi-stage upstream structures with an intermediate layer 23.
• the number of sandwich arrangements results from the desired reduction in performance or the design options.
• the efficiency of the individual sandwiches decreases with increasing position number. Basically, at least two reactive or inert-dynamic or mixed passages of high efficiency should be aimed for in an overall protection arrangement.
• two protection modules 21 and 21 C are positioned on both sides at a distance of 20. Between the modules 21 and 21 C and the structure 20 there is a structure or a material 23 which is used for fixing
• This intermediate layer 23 can be designed in such a way that it opposes an increasing resistance when the components 21 and 21 C approach the structure 20. Shock absorption can thus be achieved and the load on the structure 20 by 21 and 21 C can be reduced.
• metallic foams, lattice-like arrangements, metallic and non-metallic substances with defined cavities, foamed materials, plastics such as PE with or without inserts, fabrics and layer structures with different densities and strengths come into question.
• a protective module 22 is directly connected to the surface 20 or placed on it or integrated into it. It is obvious that this is a particularly space-saving arrangement.
• 4E shows, as the last example, a load-bearing protective structure 20 with reactive coverings on both sides or, in particular in the rear part of the structure, also inert-dynamic coverings
• FIG. 5 shows lateral interference possibilities of the front components of a reactive sandwich (cf. FIG. 3).
• the arrow 24- symbolizes the direction of movement or action of the front components 14-.
• the types of threats HL beam 6A, balancing projectile / arrow projectile 8 and core 9 are shown in each case before entry into the reactive protection zone 1 4 and after the interaction with the accelerated protection component 14. In this case, a speed addition of these reactively accelerated components 1 4 and a takes place threats 6A, 8 or 9 take place.
• a lateral disturbance / a laterally disturbed beam section 27 occurs especially in the central region, since the front beam parts 26 have penetrated the protective component before the onset of a lateral beam disturbance due to the high beam speed.
• a slender arrow floor becomes when entering the.
• the protective zone in the middle shaft area is subjected to a pressure force from below and later from above due to the reactive module accelerated upwards / forwards (see symbolized active arrows 24 and 24A), so that the front part undergoes a change in direction, which leads to a deflection up to the axis leads to shearing.
• the same change in direction is experienced by a core, which generally does not break due to its compact structure. In the case of massive lateral loads, however, it can also be broken down into at least several fragments. In the case of inert dynamic structures, this direction of action can only be realized to a limited extent, since a sufficiently high pressure field with corresponding acceleration of these components is generally only built up with penetrating HL rays (cf. FIG. 7).
• FIG. 7 shows, by way of example, a buckling plate arrangement 28, formed from the front layer 29, the rear layer 30 and the intermediate layer 31, which generates a dynamic pressure, with a penetrating layer Deflected arrow segment 8E.
• the arrow 34 symbolizes the force that acts on the penetrator from below from the front component 21 of the buckling sandwich 28, while the arrow 34A illustrates the force that the rear component 30 exerts on the penetrator from above.
• FIGS. 5-7 The effects of reactive and to some extent also inert-dynamic buckling plates on a penetrating threat were explained in FIGS. 5-7.
• Fig. In addition to this, 8 presents different buckling plate positions.
• arrangement 8A the HL, FK and KE protection is provided by a single-stage buckling sandwich 21.
• Arrangement 8B represents a tandem buckling plate sandwich with a double arrangement in the axial direction (two complete buckling sandwiches). Of course, in addition to the number, all buckling plate parameters can be varied.
• an intermediate layer corresponding to FIG. 4, arrangement 4B or 4C can be located between the buckling plate arrangements.
• Arrangement 8C stands for buckling plate arrangements inclined towards one another or for mixed arrangements of any impact angle.
• Arrangement 8D shows a basic example of a (here) two-stage buckling plate arrangement with a louver-like structure made of sandwiches 21 and spacer / damping layer 23.
• Part 9 shows the beginning of crater 36 and the expanding pressure field boundary 37 with the corresponding pressure arrows 39A when a shaped charge jet 6A penetrates protective material 38, which is assumed to be semi-infinite.
• Partial image 9B shows the inwardly deformed crater 36A, which appears at a later point in time, and the further spreading pressure field boundary.
• a force (symbolized by the arrows 40) is exerted on the edge of the collapsing crater 36A, which laterally accelerates parts of the material 38 into the penetrating beam 6A and thus deflects the individual particles with a corresponding reduction of the overall performance.
• FIG. 10A shows beam disturbances at a lower target thickness than the penetration depth to be achieved in such glass-like materials 38A.
• a relatively large crater eruption occurs due to the target thickness being too small, symbolized by the arrows 41.
• the penetrating HL-beam 6A is disturbed in the front area by the lateral intervention, the middle and the rear part (plunger) penetrating unhindered due to the erosion of the protective material. This leads to a significant reduction in the protection performance.
• FIG. 10A shows beam disturbances at a lower target thickness than the penetration depth to be achieved in such glass-like materials 38A.
• a relatively large crater eruption occurs due to the target thickness being too small, symbolized by the arrows 41.
• the penetrating HL-beam 6A is disturbed in the front area by the lateral intervention, the middle and the rear part (plunger) penetrating unhindered due to the erosion of the protective material. This leads to a significant reduction in the protection performance.
• Fig. 1 A A illustrates the resulting pressure field corresponding to Fig. 9 / partial image 9A when penetrating a P-charge projectile 7A. Due to the somewhat lower speed of the penetrating threat and the larger displaced crater diameter, the effect of the crater collapse is no longer sufficient to reach the penetrating projectile 7A by means of the collapsing crater wall 36B or to significantly disrupt it laterally.
• penetrating HL beam 6A ignites the obliquely introduced film 45 at the contact point 45B.
• the detonation front in the film spreads at a speed which is in the order of magnitude of the HL beam speed and is symbolized by the arrows 45A.
• a pressure surface is thus built up sufficiently quickly in the material 47 or 47A in order to laterally load the penetrating beam 6A by means of the target material accelerated in the direction 48 and 48A in connection with the detonation gases and thus deflect it from the axis.
• This lateral acceleration within a homogeneous or quasi-homogeneous material at an angle to the continuous layer of explosives introduced is of course not limited to glass or glass-like materials. This means that materials can also be used that have a good effect against KE and FK threats.
• the front and back can also be made of different materials. Layer-like structures are also conceivable which, in addition to a high lateral load due to a different material or speed behavior, cause a particularly effective unsteady load of the threat.
• FIG. 1 2A The fact that the mechanism of action described in FIG. 1 2A should not be limited to shaped charges is also expressed in the example of an arrow projectile 8 penetrating into a target structure 49 with inserted pyro-technical surfaces 46 according to FIG. 1 2A shown in FIG. 1B.
• the arrangement 49 shows a structure that consists of a blind with limited explosive areas 46. This is an example from the multitude of possibilities for introducing such pyrotechnic agents into a protective layer or a protective arrangement. This can consist both of a quasi-homogeneous protective material or, as shown by way of example in FIG. 12B, of different layers of different materials or else protective structures 50, 51 and 52.
• FIGS. 1 3 - 1 5 provide basic possibilities for optimizing or designing components of a reactive (and limited inert-dynamic) protective structure.
• FIG. 1 shows 3 examples of possible variations within the generally customary sandwich structure or the design of reactive or inert-dynamic sandwiches.
• the arrangement 1 3A according to FIG. 3 represents an employed reference sandwich, and the arrangement 1 3B represents the possibility of varying the angle of attack.
• Arrangement 1 3C shows the possibility of varying the thickness of the explosives or the thickness of the bulge plate insert.
• Arrangement 1 3 D shows an example of the possibility of varying the topping thickness, and arrangement 1 3E stands for asymmetrically structured sandwiches.
• arrangement 14 shows a number of possible combinations of materials for sandwich coatings, arrangement 14A being representative of symmetrically designed metallic coatings of medium to high densities.
• Arrangement 14B stands for asymmetrical metallic coating made of low-density materials.
• Arrangement 1 40 shows a possibility for an a symmetrical metallic covering from materials of different densities and thicknesses, arrangement 14D an asymmetrical metallic and / or non-metallic covering of different structures, densities and thicknesses.
• Arrangement 14E is to be understood as an example of an asymmetrical or also multi-layer covering in connection with a layer-like explosive foil structure.
• Fig. 1 5 shows examples of achieving desired dismantling properties using the example of the front occupancy or reactive dismantling mechanisms, in particular taking into account the reduction or avoidance of the structural and battlefield loading by a protective structure according to the invention.
• Corresponding considerations and configurations naturally also apply to back coverings. It should be pointed out here that these and the following structures and mechanisms are building blocks which can be used in particular in protection zones A and C of overall protection arrangements in accordance with the invention.
• Arrangement 1 5A shows a homogeneous covering 53, this covering being made of any material that only has to have sufficient acceleration resistance. Such a layer can of course also consist of individual elements (tiles).
• the main direction of propagation is symbolized by arrow 53A.
• Arrangement 1 5B is provided with a front covering 54 which delaminates under dynamic load; the main direction of propagation is symbolized by arrow 54-A.
• Arrangement 1 5C shows a front occupancy 55 fragmenting under dynamic loading. The correspondingly spread out spread is demonstrated by the two arrows 55A.
• Arrangement 1 5D is provided with a front covering 56 which dissolves under dynamic loading
• arrangement example 1 5E is equipped with a front covering 57 which disintegrates / atomizes under dynamic loading. The broader spreading of the directions of propagation here is symbolized by the arrows 57A.
• Fig. 1 6 shows examples of a single or multi-layer or multi-part explosive coverage.
• Arrangement 1 6A has a highly asymmetrical film covering and arrangement 1 6B shows a corresponding structure 58 with double film covering 59 and 59A, which can be placed on top of one another or separated by a layer 60.
• 6C shows a double arrangement 1 F 'olienbe Publishedung 62 and 63 in the front and rear portion of the superstructure Schutzauf 61st
• the intermediate layer 64 can in turn consist of a homogeneous material, of materials with special properties (end ballistic effect, damping) or of a structure.
• the layer 64 can also consist of a multi-stage arrangement or can be made of materials with inclusions.
• this layer 64 should advantageously also have a high efficiency against FK and KE threats.
• These basic arrangements can be found in zones A and C of the overall protection arrangement according to the invention.
• the individual modules can also be provided with parting lines / intermediate webs to prevent continuous detonation.
• FIG. 1 shows 7 exemplary embodiments for the basic structure of the overall protection arrangement corresponding to FIGS. 1A and 1B.
• Modifications of the reactive protection zone A (3) in the sense of a front reactive protection module are shown here.
• Various options for introducing the pyrotechnic device are shown in accordance with FIGS. 1A and 1B in the front, middle or rear area of zone A.
• This zone can also have multiple parts / layers in the vertical direction be constructed (see, for example, FIGS. 4B, 1 6B and 1 6C).
• the pyrotechnic layer 66 is introduced between the protective components 65 and 67, 65 representing the protective module to be accelerated towards the outside / bed, 67 the protective module acting on the structure or the occupancy of protective zone A.
• the pyrotechnic surface 68 is immediately in front of the protective zone B. This accelerates the thickest possible layer 65 against the threat.
• a maximum level of explosive energy is reported to Zone B below.
• the pyrotechnic surface is embedded obliquely in A in accordance with FIG. 1 2A.
• Structure 1 7D shows an example of protection zone A in accordance with arrangement 1 7C, protection zone A or the outer reactive protection module 3 here being composed of a plurality of individual protection modules 73, staggered one above the other, with explosive foils 69A inserted at an angle.
• protection zone C (of course with mirrored structures) in the event that it should also be designed reactively (indicated by the dashed arrow).
• Fig. 1 8 corresponding to Fig. 1 7 for the protection zone A (and in a figurative sense also to the protection zone C), exemplary embodiments for the basic structure of the overall protection arrangement according to Fig. 1 A and 1 B. It concerns Modifications of the inert or inert-dynamic protection zone B, which is primarily designed to protect against KE and FK threats.
• construction 1 8A shows a solid plate or a homogeneous structure 71 made of a metallic or non-metallic material or of a quasi-homogeneous material mixture with or without inclusions, deposits or embedded bodies.
• the KE protection module 4 (B) is designed as a three-layer (two or more layers) structure 75 of any composition.
• Structure 18C shows a further exemplary embodiment of protection zone B.
• a venetian blind 76 made of buckling arrangements is shown, each of which has an inert-dynamic layer structure made of metallic and / or non-metallic materials.
• this construction principle is further expanded by using two buckling plate blinds 76A and 76B with opposite arrangement or different angle adjustment as KE and HL-effective protection module 77 (see Fig. 8/8 C).
• the buckle plate blinds can vary in depth, arrangement, angle of attack, structure and number of buckling plates.
• all previous and the design examples and combinations still to be shown are to be applied to structures corresponding to FIG. 1B.
• Fig. 1 9 uses further basic design and construction options to illustrate the practically unlimited scope when designing an overall protection arrangement in accordance with the invention.
• the example of the protection zone B shows modifications which also affect the external design or the structure of the protection zone B. Basically, this structure stands for arrangements with mixed angles of attack.
• Arrangement 1 9A shows an example of the configuration the inner protection zone B of the overall protection arrangement according to FIGS. 1A and 1B with an arrangement of here four parallel buckling plate arrangements 80 in the front area of the protection zone A.
• the buckling plate protection is provided by means of a blind-like arrangement 82, with a further protective surface 83 being located in the rear area of the protection zone B, which, for example, can also have damping functions for reducing structural loads. Furthermore, this layer can have a delaying effect on the possibly reactive process in the protection zone C.
• the protective performance can be increased considerably by a delayed or staggered sequence of the reactive process in the overall protective arrangement. Such a timed control of the triggering of reactive components takes place, for example, directly via the penetrating threat. However, it is also conceivable that separate activation is provided. This option is particularly interesting in the case of KE threats, because here the detonation of the explosive foil by the threat is not always ensured.
• a flat buckling plate arrangement 84 corresponding to FIG. 1 9A in the front area of protection zone B is combined with a buckling plate blind 82 in the rear area of B.
• Structure 1 9D shows an example of an embodiment of zone B with a container 88 inserted between a front, here two-layer filler plate arrangement 86 and a rear buckling louver blind 85.
• This can be filled with a flowable or free-flowing medium 89.
• the filling and emptying device 90 is also shown schematically. Between the protective components 86 and the container 89 there is an intermediate space around 87, so that the rear buckling plate / the rear accelerated plate has sufficient freedom of movement.
• Such containers or tanks 88 can of course have almost any shape and partially or completely fill the protection zone B.
• 88 can consist of one piece or consist of a battery of containers / tanks, which in turn can be designed as a closed, movable or permanently installed unit.
• a combination of buckling plate sandwiches with reactive sandwiches is also conceivable.
• a buckle plate blind can be mixed reactively / inertly / inertly-dynamically in order to implement a protective component with a relatively low explosive mass, good damping of the accelerated elements and a small overall depth.
• the space between the individual sandwiches can either be filled with air or a medium that forms good damping and also certain mechanical properties, for example to build up an inherently stable body, but does not hinder the movement of the reactive or inert-dynamic parts.
• Fig. 20 shows two hybrid polyvalent armor 91 and 95 as modifications of the overall protection arrangement according to Fig. 1 A and 1 B, in which the protection modules are arranged obliquely / angled or do not contain all of the above-mentioned protection zones in a clear form.
• the representation in Fig. 20A is representative of a constellation of protection zones of any shape and in any combination (in this case without a protection zone C) 91.
• the distance of the protection zone B as the rear protection zone (primarily to the KE defense) from the vehicle wall 2 is perceived by a fastening / mounting device 93 as a spacer, wherein an angle-variable mounting is also conceivable.
• the front protection zone 92 (zone A), in this case formed from anti-parallel boundary surfaces, serves in particular for HL and FK defense and is therefore primarily (but not necessarily) to be understood as a reactive unit.
• protection zone C of the overall protection arrangement 95 in FIG. 20B in which the vehicle structure 2 (zone D) has the protection zones 96 as the first zone on the threat side (reactive HL protection in combination with inert or inert-dynamic KE protection, Protection zone A / B) and 97 as zone A / B
• the following protection zone C with the rear wall in contact with the vehicle structure and angled front are connected upstream.
• FIGS. 1 to 20 served to explain the basic design options of the different protection zones of overall protection arrangements in accordance with the invention.
• FIGS. 21-26 show a number of further technical variants in connection with design variation options.
• the inner protection zone B is also designed as a reactive, in particular also KE-effective, module 99. It consists of an inert, highly effective material or a glass-like substance with the effect of a crater collapse with angled rear surfaces and subsequent pyrotechnic device 1 01 or 101 A and the accelerated element 1 02 or 102A in front of a cavity 103 as a dissipation zone (cf. 1 2A and 1 7/1 7C).
• module 99 is divided into two components with damping 100 in between.
• the protection zone C is designed as a damping layer with a web-like structure 104, for example a sheet metal structure or a folded buckling sheet arrangement. This structure is said to have buffering or energy converting or consuming (absorbing) properties.
• the principle of the overall protection arrangements shown here is particularly suitable for adaptation to or in predetermined structures or vehicle surfaces in order to ensure their protection performance or to supplement their protection against further threats.
• the front protection zone A of the reactive hybrid overall protection arrangement 105 is composed, according to " FIGS. 1A and 1B, of inert pre-armor modules 1 07 with subsequent reactive sandwiches 106. Between 106 and 107 there is a free space, in order to ensure a corresponding freedom of movement for the front accelerated components of 106.
• These protective components are held in position by a support system or a suspension device 108 or if necessary attached to the rear component 1 09.
• protection zones B, C and D are combined in one protection component 1 09. This is to be designed or selected from a material such that, in conjunction with the front components, adequate overall protection is guaranteed.
• zone A is provided on the front or its rear with devices for spark ignition of the following explosive foils.
• zone A is provided on the front or its rear with devices for spark ignition of the following explosive foils.
• the upstream triggering (contact) grille 1 1 1 or the individual grilles attached to the rear of A (in the case of a modular construction zone Z) serve to initiate the explosive foils 1 1 6 (separated or grouped) with an upstream accelerated layer 1 1 5.
• a damping 1 1 7 between the protective material 99 and the rear protective zone D is a damping 1 1 7 between the protective material 99 and the rear protective zone D.
• a combined protective zone C / D adjoins this.
• the reactive components can also be triggered by means of a proximity sensor 1 1 2 and / or a signal line 1 09A, which may send delayed signals to a modular triggering device 1 1 3 or an ignition device 1 14.
• the protection zone A can also be designed as an inert pre-armor or upstream layer.
• 24 shows an overall protection arrangement 1 18 corresponding to FIGS. 1A and 1B with a reactive, disassembling protection zone A, designed as a reactive sandwich, in which the effectiveness of a subsequent expanded dissipation zone is taken into account.
• the front layer 1 19 accelerated by the pyrotechnic device / explosive foil 1 1 6 is followed by a delaminating and / or fragmenting inner covering 1 20 within the protection zone A, so that the mechanisms illustrated in FIGS.
• a layer 122 for support or disassembly / deflection and for damping is introduced for this.
• a bulge blind 1 23 is provided as the residual action zone in front of the supporting structure 2.
• FIG. 25 The principle of a modular structure, also in connection with an extended dissipation zone, is among others also tracked in Fig. 25.
• This is a hybrid polyvalent overall protection arrangement 1 24 in a completely resolved design.
• this protective arrangement 1 24 contains the possibility of expanding / adjusting the distance by means of a sliding mechanism 1 25 for the front protective modules 1 26 and 1 27 (which can be designed to be inert or inert-dynamic) in a box-like device 1 31.
• the direction of displacement is represented by arrows 128.
• the box-like or frame-like support structure also provides another possibility for changing the distance within the protective device, which is indicated by the arrows 1 29.
• the protective components 1 26 and 1 27 are followed by a correspondingly variable free space 130 as a dissipation zone.
• the entire protective arrangement can also be designed as a modular stem, in that it is mounted on the fastening elements 1 32 only when required.
• Protection concepts that are viable over the longest possible period of time, especially in the case of lighter or light armored vehicles, not only have to intercept as wide a range of possible threats as possible, but also have to offer the greatest possible flexibility and retrofitting options.
• One solution to meet these requirements is to reactively equip the vehicles only when they are about to be used, for example. This principle can also be extended to massive armor components in order to drastically reduce the protective mass of a vehicle outside of the operating times. Also for that Transportation, especially air transportation, can be very beneficial. With a limited overall depth, it is possible in a number of examples shown here to combine the rear protection zone C with the vehicle-side zone D (cf., for example, FIGS. 7, 8, 1 0-1 2, 22-23). However, a modular, resolved form of the use of protective components in accordance with the invention also enables rapid adaptation to changing protection requirements or new technologies.
• the protection zone C here is designed as a load-bearing structure 1 40 for the protection zones A, B and D, which in this example are formed by a modular reactive pre-armor (protection zone A) and a subsequent buckling plate blind (protection zone B).
• the armor is provided with receiving compartments or partitions / inserts 1 36, 1 37 and 1 39 for the individual protection modules.
• a front, reactive zone 1 34 (a Beulblechjalousie example) designed with the reactive modules 1 34A, 'a dynamic inert-1 as a module bay 38 and a rear residual power Zone 1 41st
• the reactive modules 1 34A can additionally be separated from one another by damping layers 1 35.
• damping layers 1 35 the combination of these elements is variable according to the application scenario.
• Such arrangements allow extremely light structures in relation to the level of protection to be made possible in the vast majority of times when the vehicle does not have to be equipped with reactive or massive modules. This concept also offers the possibility of responding to a changing range of threats with appropriate modules. Only the protection modules that are required to achieve a protection level or to fulfill a specific mission are to be used.
• REFERENCE NUMBER LIST A hybrid polyvalent overall protection arrangement with primarily vertical
• shock absorbing layer between 99 and 99A

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• Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
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Citations (10)

• 2003
  • 2003-09-16 EP EP03020528A patent/EP1517110B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2003-09-16 ES ES03020528T patent/ES2299654T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2003-09-16 DE DE50308926T patent/DE50308926D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2003-09-16 AT AT03020528T patent/ATE382842T1/de active
  • 2003-09-16 DK DK03020528T patent/DK1517110T3/da active
• 2004
  • 2004-09-15 WO PCT/EP2004/010341 patent/WO2005033615A1/de active Application Filing

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