WO2005022221A1 - 電磁波周波数フィルタ - Google Patents
電磁波周波数フィルタ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005022221A1 WO2005022221A1 PCT/JP2004/012287 JP2004012287W WO2005022221A1 WO 2005022221 A1 WO2005022221 A1 WO 2005022221A1 JP 2004012287 W JP2004012287 W JP 2004012287W WO 2005022221 A1 WO2005022221 A1 WO 2005022221A1
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- electromagnetic wave
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/12007—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind forming wavelength selective elements, e.g. multiplexer, demultiplexer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y20/00—Nanooptics, e.g. quantum optics or photonic crystals
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
- G02B6/1225—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths comprising photonic band-gap structures or photonic lattices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
- H01P1/2005—Electromagnetic photonic bandgaps [EPB], or photonic bandgaps [PBG]
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B2006/12133—Functions
- G02B2006/12164—Multiplexing; Demultiplexing
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electromagnetic wave frequency filter that can selectively extract an electromagnetic wave having a predetermined frequency.
- a wavelength division multiplexing type optical communication system requires a multiplexer, a demultiplexer, a wavelength filter (frequency filter), and the like, and the demultiplexer is generally an arrayed waveguide grating (AW). G) is used.
- AW arrayed waveguide grating
- the arrayed waveguide diffraction grating is formed using a silica-based optical waveguide and has a size of about several cm square, a smaller duplexer is desired.
- a frequency using a photonic crystal having a refractive index periodic structure of about the wavelength of light (often around the half wavelength of the assumed electromagnetic wave band) is used. Filters are being researched and developed in various places.
- a linear input waveguide 2 and a width direction of the input waveguide 2 are arranged in a so-called slab type photonic crystal 1.
- An electromagnetic wave frequency filter including an output waveguide 3 arranged side by side at a distance and a resonator 4 between an intermediate portion of the input waveguide 2 and an intermediate portion of the output waveguide 3 has been proposed. I have.
- the electromagnetic wave frequency filter having the configuration shown in FIGS. 14A and 14B is constructed by introducing two linear defects (disorder of the periodic refractive index structure) into the periodic refractive index structure in the two-dimensional photonic crystal 1 so that the input waveguide is not affected.
- the resonator 4 is formed by forming the point 2 and the output waveguide 3 and introducing point-like defects.
- both sides in the thickness direction of the slab 11 which also have a high refractive index medium (eg, Si), are sandwiched between uniform low refractive index media (eg, air, SiO, etc.). It has a photo-
- the electromagnetic band (for example, light) is confined by the band gap, and the electromagnetic wave is confined by total reflection in the thickness direction.
- the above-described electromagnetic wave frequency filter is configured such that one end of the input waveguide 2 is a port Pl, the other end is a port P2, one end of the output waveguide 3 is a port P3, the other end is a port P4, and the port P1 is a Assuming that the input port and port P3 are drop ports, a plurality of electromagnetic waves having different frequencies are incident from the input port P1, and an electromagnetic wave having a predetermined frequency matching the resonance frequency of the resonator 4 among the electromagnetic waves having the plurality of frequencies.
- the electromagnetic wave frequency filter as described above, by changing the output of the drop port P3, it may be used as an optical switch for turning on and off the extraction of the electromagnetic wave from the drop port P3.
- the output intensity of each of the ports P1 to P4 and the output intensity from the resonator 4 to the free space in the electromagnetic wave frequency filter having the conventional configuration shown in FIGS. 14A and 14B are quantitatively determined by the mode coupling theory.
- the result shown in FIG. 15 was obtained.
- the Q value between the resonator 4 and the input waveguide 2 is Q
- the Q value between the resonator 4 and free space is Q.
- the axis is Q / Q
- the vertical inV in v axis is the output intensity
- ⁇ XI '' in the figure is the output intensity of port P2
- ⁇ X2 '' is the output intensity of ports P1, P3, P4
- ⁇ "X3" indicates the output intensity to free space, respectively.
- the electromagnetic wave frequency filter with the above-mentioned conventional configuration can theoretically obtain only a maximum value of 25% for the drop efficiency to the drop port P3 (that is, the wavelength selection efficiency), and the drop efficiency is too low. there were.
- Q is
- Q is the energy leaking from resonator 4 to free space in the system of resonator 4 and free space.
- a value related to the amount of lugi that is, a value indicating how much energy can be stored in the resonator 4 in the system of the resonator 4 and free space
- the resonance frequency of the resonator 4 is ⁇ , The energy stored in resonator 4 to W
- Non-Patent Document 2 Shanhui Fan, etal, ⁇ Channel Drop Tunneling through Localized StatesJ, PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, VOL.80, N0.5, 1998, p.960-963).
- the two resonators form a symmetric mode in which both resonators oscillate in phase and an anti-symmetric mode in which both resonators oscillate in opposite phases.
- the resonance frequency of this symmetric mode and the anti-symmetric mode Of the symmetric mode and antisymmetric mode for the input waveguide, the output waveguide, and the out-of-plane free space are equal to each other, and the vibration of the symmetric mode and the antisymmetric mode
- the phase difference from the vibration is a specific condition (for example, ⁇ )
- an electromagnetic wave that propagates in the direction opposite to the input port (incident end) of the input waveguide with respect to the resonator and the output waveguide with respect to the resonator The electromagnetic wave propagating in the direction opposite to the drop port (output end) can be canceled, and as a result, the electromagnetic wave can be selectively dropped only to a specific drop port.
- the coupling energy between the resonators that do not pass through each waveguide is converted into the resonance frequency between the resonators through the input waveguide.
- ⁇ ' is the phase change when the resonators are coupled via the output waveguide
- the resonator force is the attenuation rate of the energy to the input waveguide. 1Z ⁇ e, the attenuation rate of energy from the resonator to the output waveguide is 1 ⁇ ⁇ e ', the resonance frequency when the resonator exists alone is ⁇ , the resonance frequency of the symmetric mode is ⁇ , and the
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to use a relatively simple design to convert an electromagnetic wave of a predetermined frequency among a plurality of electromagnetic waves incident on an input waveguide into an output waveguide.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an electromagnetic wave frequency filter that can efficiently extract from a drop port.
- the electromagnetic wave frequency filter according to the present invention is configured such that, out of electromagnetic waves of a plurality of frequencies incident from one end of the input waveguide, the resonance frequency of the resonator existing between the electromagnetic wave and the output waveguide juxtaposed to the input waveguide.
- An electromagnetic wave frequency filter in which an electromagnetic wave having a predetermined frequency coincides with the output waveguide via a resonator and is emitted from a drop port at one end of the output waveguide.
- an input waveguide-side reflector that reflects electromagnetic waves of a predetermined frequency is provided, and on the other end of the output waveguide, an output waveguide-side reflector that reflects electromagnetic waves of a predetermined frequency is provided.
- phase change of the electromagnetic wave when it is reflected by the input waveguide side reflector and returns near the resonator The amount of phase change of the electromagnetic wave when it is reflected by the output waveguide side reflector and returns to the vicinity of the resonator is ⁇ , the Q value between the resonator and the input waveguide is Q, and the wave
- Q inb is a value related to the amount of energy leaking to the resonator force input waveguide in the system of the resonator and the input waveguide (i.e., the resonance in the system of the resonator and the input waveguide). Value indicating how much energy can be stored in the resonator), where ⁇ is the resonance frequency of the resonator, and W is the energy stored in the resonator.
- the vibrator force is also a value related to the amount of energy leaking to the output waveguide (that is, a value indicating how much energy can be stored in the resonator in the system of the resonator and the output waveguide).
- the resonance frequency of the resonator is ⁇
- the energy stored in the resonator is W
- W is defined as WZ (-dWZdt)
- Q is a value related to the amount of energy leaking from the resonator to free space in the resonator and free space system (that is, V Is a value indicating how much energy can be stored in the resonator)
- the resonance frequency of the resonator is ⁇
- the energy stored in the resonator is W
- the free space side from the resonator is
- Q inb, Q inr, and QV are values determined by the entire system including the input waveguide and the output waveguide, and there are parasitic reflection components at the one end of the input waveguide and the one end of the output waveguide.
- the value is determined to include these parasitic components.
- the present invention it is possible to efficiently extract an electromagnetic wave having a predetermined frequency that matches the resonance frequency of the resonator from the drop port of the output waveguide out of a plurality of electromagnetic waves incident on the input waveguide with a relatively simple design. And achieve drop efficiency close to 100% It is possible to
- the first photonic crystal having a periodic refractive index structure in at least a two-dimensional plane and the first photonic crystal have a second photonic crystal having a different periodicity of the refractive index periodic structure.
- the output waveguide is formed by providing a linear defect in each refractive index periodic structure over the entire length of the second photonic crystal, and the output waveguide is formed by the first photonic crystal and the second photonic crystal.
- the resonant frequency formed by providing a recess is included in a frequency band where no waveguide mode exists, and the input waveguide-side reflective portion is The input waveguide is formed by a boundary between a portion formed in the first photonic crystal and a portion formed in the second photonic crystal, and the output waveguide-side reflecting portion is formed in the output waveguide by the second waveguide. It is formed by the boundary between the portion formed in the first photonic crystal and the portion formed in the second photonic crystal.
- the electromagnetic wave having the resonance frequency can be reflected by using an in-plane heterostructure.
- the first photonic crystal and the second photonic crystal are two-dimensional photonic crystals, respectively, and the resonator and the input waveguide side in a direction along the input waveguide.
- the distance between the reflector and the output waveguide-side reflector in the direction along the output waveguide is d, and the distance between the resonator and the output waveguide-side reflector in the direction along the output waveguide is d.
- the propagation constant of the output waveguide is ⁇ 8
- the first photonic crystal is located near the boundary so that the input waveguide is smoothly continuous near the boundary between the first photonic crystal and the second photonic crystal.
- the period of the refractive index periodic structure of at least one of the crystal and the second photonic crystal is changed stepwise.
- the input waveguide smoothly continues near the boundary between the first photonic crystal and the second photonic crystal, the input waveguide is formed on the first photonic crystal.
- electromagnetic waves having a frequency other than the resonance frequency of the resonator it is possible to reduce the reflection loss caused by the axis deviation of the input waveguide.
- the input waveguide and the output waveguide in the juxtaposition direction are arranged so that the input waveguide is not misaligned between the first photonic crystal and the second photonic crystal.
- the distance between the input waveguide-side reflector and the resonator is set so as to satisfy the relationship (12).
- the input waveguide and the output waveguide are arranged side by side in such a manner that there is no axis deviation of the input waveguide between the first photonic crystal and the second photonic crystal.
- a relative positional relationship between the first photonic crystal and the second photonic crystal is set, and the output waveguide-side reflecting section is provided with a phase compensating section for adjusting ⁇ to ⁇ .
- the reflection efficiency of the output waveguide side reflector can be matched with the reflection efficiency of the input waveguide side reflector, and the margin for d 1 and d can be increased.
- the first photonic crystal having a periodic refractive index structure in at least a two-dimensional plane and the first photonic crystal have the same structure.
- the photonic crystal has an in-plane heterostructure in which a second photonic crystal having a different period of the refractive index periodic structure is juxtaposed in the same plane, and the input waveguide is provided with a first photonic crystal.
- the first photonic crystal and the second photonic crystal are formed by providing linear defects in the respective periodic refractive index structures over the entire length in the direction in which the crystal and the second photonic crystal are juxtaposed.
- the resonator is formed by providing a point defect in the first photonic crystal, and the output waveguide is provided with a linear defect in the refractive index periodic structure of the first photonic crystal. It is also preferable that the other end side end portion constitutes the output waveguide side reflection portion.
- the input waveguide can reflect the electromagnetic wave of the resonance frequency using an in-plane heterostructure, and the other end of the output waveguide has the first two-dimensional photoelectrode.
- the electromagnetic wave having the resonance frequency can be reflected by utilizing the photonic band gap of the nick crystal.
- the first photonic crystal and the second photonic crystal are two-dimensional photonic crystals, respectively, and the resonator and the input conductor in a direction along the input waveguide. If the distance between the waveguide-side reflector and the distance between the resonator and the output waveguide-side reflector in the direction along the output waveguide is d, cos ⁇
- the refractive index periodic structure of the first photonic crystal is changed so that the electromagnetic field distribution near the other end of the output waveguide does not change sharply.
- control means for changing an output of the drop port by changing a refractive index near at least one of the input waveguide-side reflecting portion and the output waveguide-side reflecting portion Control means for changing the output of the drop port by changing the period of the refractive index periodic structure in the vicinity of at least one of the reflection section and the output waveguide side reflection section; and the vicinity of each of the reflection section and the resonator. It is also preferable to have a control means for changing the output of the drop port by changing the refractive index.
- it can be used as an electromagnetic wave switch having frequency selectivity (wavelength selectivity).
- Q is different from Q, and it is possible to change the refractive index in the vicinity of the output waveguide side reflector.
- control means for changing the output of the drop port it is also preferable to have control means for changing the output of the drop port according to the above.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view showing Embodiment 1 of the present invention. .
- FIG. 2 is a characteristic evaluation diagram of the above.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view showing Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view showing Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a characteristic evaluation diagram of the above.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view showing another configuration example of the above.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic plan view showing Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a characteristic evaluation diagram of the above.
- FIG. 9A is a schematic plan view showing Embodiment 5.
- FIG. 9B is an enlarged view of a main part of FIG. 9A.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic plan view showing Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a characteristic evaluation diagram of the above.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic plan view showing Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a characteristic evaluation diagram of the above.
- FIG. 14A is a schematic plan view of a conventional example.
- FIG. 14B is an enlarged view of a main part of FIG. 14A.
- FIG. 15 is a characteristic evaluation diagram of the above.
- the electromagnetic wave frequency filter of the present embodiment includes a plurality of two-dimensional photonic crystals 1, 1,...
- the input waveguide 2 is formed by providing a linear defect in each of the two-dimensional photonic crystals 1, 1,.
- the output waveguides 3, 3,... are formed by providing a shape defect, and a pair of two-dimensional
- One of the two-dimensional photonic crystals 1 of the photonic crystal 1 is the photonic crystal 1
- the resonators 4, 4,... are formed by providing defects, and one end of the input waveguide 2 (FIG.
- the drop ports are P3, P3, and so on.
- the electromagnetic wave frequency filter of the present embodiment is provided between the output waveguides 3, 3,... Arranged in parallel with the input waveguide 2 among electromagnetic waves of a plurality of frequencies incident from the input port P 1.
- the electromagnetic wave having the wave number moves to the output waveguides 3, 3,... Via the resonators 4, 4,.
- resonator 4 For example, resonator 4
- An electromagnetic wave having a frequency (first predetermined frequency) corresponding to 01 is emitted from the drop port ⁇ 3 of the output waveguide 3 via the resonator 4, and the resonance of the resonator 4
- An electromagnetic wave having a frequency (the second predetermined frequency) corresponding to the frequency ⁇ exits through the resonator 4.
- Drop port ⁇ 3 force of force waveguide 3 is also emitted.
- the portion between 2 2 1 2 is parallel to the input waveguide 2.
- Each of the two-dimensional photonic crystals 1, 1,... Is a so-called slab type two-dimensional photonic crystal.
- uniform low-refractive index media for example, air, SiO, etc.
- each two-dimensional photonic crystal 1,...
- Number of circular holes 12, 12, ... are two-dimensional in a plane perpendicular to the thickness direction of slabs 11, 11, ...
- the high refractive index medium constituting 12 and the low refractive index medium forming the aerodynamic force in the circular holes 12, 12, ... have the above-mentioned periodic refractive index structure.
- Each unit point is a circular hole at each lattice point of a virtual two-dimensional triangular lattice with an equilateral triangle.
- the circular holes 12, 12,... are in a plane orthogonal to the thickness direction of the slabs 11, 11 respectively.
- each pair of two-dimensional photonic crystals 1 and 1 nm has a similar refractive index periodic structure, and each pair of two-dimensional photonic crystals 1 and 1 has nm.
- the optical communication wavelength band such as the C band (1530 nm to 1565 nm) and the L band (1565 nm to 1625 nm) is assumed as the frequency band of the electromagnetic wave incident on the input port P1.
- the period in the arrangement direction of the circular holes 12 in the two-dimensional photonic crystal 1 (the period of the refractive index periodic structure of the two-dimensional photonic crystal 1 and the distance between the grid points of the two-dimensional triangular lattice) 0.42 ⁇ m, the radius of the circular hole 12 is 0.39a, the thickness of the slab 11 is 0.6a, and the two-dimensional photonic crystal 1 juxtaposed to the two-dimensional photonic crystal 1
- Distance between lattice points of the original triangular lattice) a is the circumference of the circular hole 12 in the two-dimensional photonic crystal 1.
- a photonic band gap which is a wavelength band, that does not propagate electromagnetic waves (light) in the above-mentioned frequency band incident from any direction can be formed, and the input waveguide 2 and the output waveguides 3, 3 can be formed.
- each of the resonators 4, 4, ... are formed by removing an appropriate number of circular holes 12, 12, ...
- the bent portions are provided in the respective output waveguides 3, 3,.
- the electromagnetic wave can be guided without radiation loss because stationary propagation is prohibited in all directions. Also, the period a, a, ⁇ in the arrangement direction of the circular holes 12, 12,.
- the numerical values of the radius of the circular holes 12, 12, ... are not particularly limited.
- the periods a, a are about the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in the above-mentioned frequency band (for example, about half the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave). ) Period.
- the electromagnetic wave frequency filter of the present embodiment is intended for electromagnetic waves in the optical communication wavelength band as described above, and includes a silicon oxide film (embedded oxide film) which is an insulating film in the middle of the thickness direction. It is formed using a so-called SOI (Silicon On Insulator) substrate. That is, each of the two-dimensional photonic crystals 1, 1... And the input in the electromagnetic wave frequency filter of the present embodiment.
- SOI Silicon On Insulator
- the power waveguide 2 and each output waveguide 3, 3, ... and each resonator 4, 4, 4, ... are relatively simple
- the refractive index of Si is about 3.4
- the refractive index of SiO is about 1.5
- the refractive index of air is 1.
- the refractive index difference between the slabs 11, 11, ... and the claddings on both sides is 55 70%
- the electromagnetic wave frequency filter according to the present embodiment has a pair of two-dimensional photonic crystals 1, 1 in which an in-plane heterostructure is formed.
- Input crystal formed across a pair of two-dimensional photonic crystals 1, 1 n m n m
- one end of the input waveguide 2 is set as the input port P1, and one end of each of the output waveguides 3, 3,... Is set as the drop port P3, P3,.
- the resonators 4, 4,. ,... are provided on the input waveguide side reflecting portions 21,.
- the output waveguides 3, 4, 4, are provided on the output waveguide side. Therefore, in the electromagnetic wave frequency filter of the present embodiment, the output waveguides 3, 4, 4,.
- the electromagnetic wave propagating toward the other end opposite to ... is reflected by the output waveguide-side reflecting portions 31, ..., and is transmitted to the resonators 4, 4, ... from the input waveguide 2.
- the light is reflected by the input waveguide side reflectors 21,.
- the dashed-dotted arrows in FIG. 1 indicate the propagation paths of electromagnetic waves having frequencies different from the resonance frequencies of the resonators 4 and 4, and FIG.
- An arrow shown by a solid line in FIG. 3 is an example of a traveling path of an electromagnetic wave having a frequency corresponding to the resonance frequency of the resonator 41, which is reflected by the input waveguide side reflector 21 and then output through the resonator 4 via the resonator 4.
- 31 shows a traveling path in the case where the light beam travels to 31 and is further reflected by the output waveguide side reflector 31 and output from the drop port # 3.
- the distance between the resonator 4 and the input waveguide side reflection part 21 in the direction along the input waveguide 2 is d
- the distance along the output waveguide 3 is The distance between the resonator 4 and the output waveguide side reflector 31 in the direction
- the propagation constant of path 2 is j8, the propagation constant of output waveguide 3 is
- the change in the reflection phase of the electromagnetic wave reflected from 1 1 2 1 is ⁇
- the change in the reflection phase of the electromagnetic wave reflected by the output waveguide side reflection section 31 is ⁇
- phase change amount of the electromagnetic wave when returning to the vicinity is ⁇
- the phase change amount of the electromagnetic wave when returning to the vicinity of the resonator 4 reflected by the output waveguide side reflector 31 is 0, and the phase change amount of the
- the Q value between 1 2 1 and input waveguide 2 is Q
- the Q value between resonator 4 and output waveguide 3 is Q
- ⁇ 2 ⁇ X d + ⁇
- ⁇ the frequency of the electromagnetic wave
- ⁇ the resonance frequency of the resonator 4
- s be the amplitude of the electromagnetic wave of a predetermined frequency that matches the resonance frequency of the resonator 4 among the electromagnetic waves incident on the waveguide 2, and let s be the amplitude of the electromagnetic wave emitted from the drop port P3.
- the resonator ⁇ in the electromagnetic wave frequency filter of the present embodiment is formed by providing a defect in the periodic refractive index structure of the slab type two-dimensional photonic crystal, and the defect is formed by the two-dimensional photonic crystal.
- a portion where a circular hole 12 is to be formed is filled with a semiconductor material, so-called donor type defect (in the present embodiment, a donor type defect in which two circular holes 12 are filled with Si). ), which gives high Q with low radiation loss to free space,
- Each resonator is arranged so as to be aligned on one straight line along the direction in which the photonic crystals 1, 1,.
- the electromagnetic wave frequency filter of the present embodiment in the input waveguide 2, the axis shift between the portion formed in the two-dimensional photonic crystal 1 and the portion formed in the two-dimensional photonic crystal 1 and the output waveguide 3 At 2D photo
- each part corresponding to the resonance frequency of each of the resonators 4, 4, is a part corresponding to the resonance frequency of each of the resonators 4, 4,.
- the constant-frequency electromagnetic waves are transmitted to the output waveguides 3, 3,... drop ports P 3, P 3,..., respectively.
- the drop efficiency (wavelength selection efficiency) at the time of taking out power can be improved compared to the conventional one. Also, The distance between the resonators 4, 4,... And the input waveguide 2 around the vibrators 4, 4,.
- Symmetrical distances between the output waveguides 3, 4, ... and the output waveguides 3, 3, ... are set to the same value.
- Si are not limited to Si, and other materials such as GaAs and InP may be used.
- the portion formed in the preceding two-dimensional photonic crystal 1 (two-dimensional photonic crystal 1 in the illustrated example) and the subsequent two-dimensional photonic crystal 1 (two-dimensional photonic crystal 1 in the illustrated example) is formed in the waveguide 2, the portion formed in the preceding two-dimensional photonic crystal 1 (two-dimensional photonic crystal 1 in the illustrated example) and the subsequent two-dimensional photonic crystal 1 (two-dimensional photonic crystal 1 in the illustrated example)
- misalignment misalignment of the optical axis
- a plurality of drop ports are provided along the longitudinal direction of the input waveguide 2.
- the basic configuration of the electromagnetic wave frequency filter of the present embodiment is substantially the same as that of the first embodiment, and as shown in FIG. 3, a plurality of two-dimensional photonic crystals 1, 1,. Way of setting
- drop efficiency (wavelength selection efficiency) close to 100% is realized in each of the drop ports P3, P3, ... as in the first embodiment.
- the force is adjacent to the two-dimensional photonic crystals 1, 1,.
- the reflection loss due to the misalignment of the input waveguide 2 for electromagnetic waves of frequencies other than the resonance frequency of the resonator 4 formed in the two-dimensional photonic crystal 1 at the previous stage Can be reduced, and the drop port P3,
- the efficiency of the loop can be improved compared to the first embodiment.
- the period of the refractive index periodic structure of both the two-dimensional photonic crystal 1 in the former stage and the two-dimensional photonic crystal 1 in the latter stage is changed stepwise.
- the period of one of the refractive index periodic structures may be changed stepwise.
- each pair of two-dimensional photonic crystals adjacent to each other in the juxtaposition direction of the plurality of two-dimensional photonic crystals 1, 1, is
- the basic configuration of the electromagnetic wave frequency filter of the present embodiment is substantially the same as in the first and second embodiments, and as shown in FIG. 4, a plurality of two-dimensional photonic crystals 1, 1,. Juxtaposition of
- the optical axes of the portions formed in the photonic crystals 1, 1,... In the input waveguide 2 are aligned so that no axis shift is formed near the boundary 1).
- the positions of the resonators 4, 4,... are set so as to be lined up on the line.
- the optical axis of the input waveguide 2 is set to be one straight line, so that the resonators 4 and 4 ,... Are different from those of the first and second embodiments. Since other configurations are the same as those of the first and second embodiments, the same components as those of the first and second embodiments are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.
- the electromagnetic wave frequency filter of the present embodiment achieves a drop efficiency (wavelength selection efficiency) close to 100% in each of the drop ports # 3, # 3, ... as in the first and second embodiments.
- the force can be increased in the direction in which a plurality of two-dimensional photonic crystals 1, 1,.
- the basic configuration of the electromagnetic wave frequency filter of the present embodiment is substantially the same as that of the third embodiment, and as shown in FIG. 7, each of the output waveguides 3, 3,.
- the output-waveguide-side reflectors 31, 31, 31, which reflect electromagnetic waves having resonance frequencies of the vibrators 4, 4,.
- each output waveguide 3 Are formed so as to straddle each pair of two-dimensional photonic crystals 1 and 1 to form a pair of two-dimensional photonic crystals.
- the output waveguides 3, 3, are identical to the output waveguides 3, 3,.
- the distance d between the vibrator 4 and the output waveguide side reflector 31 is set, and the other output waveguides
- the electromagnetic wave frequency filter according to the present embodiment is provided on the other end side of the output waveguides 3, 3, ...
- FIG. 8 shows the relationship between 0, ⁇ and the drop efficiency D, similarly to FIG. 2 described in the first embodiment.
- the basic configuration of the electromagnetic wave frequency filter of the present embodiment is substantially the same as that of the fourth embodiment, and as shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B, the other ends of the output waveguides 3, 3,. Near the end of the side
- the difference is that the period of the refractive index periodic structure is changed on the side.
- the period of the refractive index periodic structure is changed on the side.
- the present embodiment in the vicinity of the other end of the output waveguides 3, 3,.
- each of the output waveguides 3, 3, is the electromagnetic wave frequency filter of the present embodiment.
- each drop port P3 , P3,... The drop efficiency to each can be further improved.
- the basic configuration of the electromagnetic wave frequency filter of the present embodiment is substantially the same as that of the first embodiment, and has a structure as shown in FIG. 10, and the refraction in the vicinity of the output waveguide side reflectors 31, 31,.
- Control means for changing the output of the drop ports P3, P3,.
- control means changes the refractive index in the vicinity of the output waveguide-side reflecting portions 31.
- the two-dimensional photonic crystal 1, 1 for example, the two-dimensional photonic crystal 1, 1,
- Materials whose refractive index changes due to electric field, light, heat, magnetism, etc. materials having electro-optic effect, photo-optic effect, thermo-optic effect, magneto-optic effect, etc. (materials having electro-optic effect, photo-optic effect, thermo-optic effect, magneto-optic effect, etc.)
- the configuration may be applied as appropriate according to the materials of 12,.
- a material whose refractive index changes due to electric field, light, heat, magnetism, or the like is filled in the circular holes 12, 12,.
- semiconductor materials such as Si, GaAs, InP, InGaAsP, and AlGaAs are known.
- FIG. 11 shows the relationship between 0, ⁇ and the drop efficiency D similarly to FIG. 2 described in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the electromagnetic wave frequency filter of the embodiment.
- ⁇ is ⁇
- ⁇ is changed by changing the refractive index near the output waveguide side reflecting portion 31
- the drop efficiency D can be changed continuously. Therefore, when ⁇ is designed to be ⁇ , as shown in FIG. 11, as shown in FIG. 11, the bending near the output waveguide side reflector 31 so that ⁇ ⁇ becomes 1.95 ⁇
- the drop efficiency is reduced to approximately 0%, and the output waveguide is set so that ⁇ becomes ⁇ .
- the electromagnetic wave frequency filter of this embodiment has an electromagnetic wave switch (wavelength selectivity) having frequency selectivity (wavelength selectivity). Switch).
- control means changes the refractive index in the vicinity of the output waveguide side reflectors 31, 31,.
- the force may be changed, or the input waveguide side reflectors 21, 21,... And the output waveguide side reflector 31 may be controlled by control means using a piezoelectric element ⁇ a substrate made of a piezoelectric material.
- control means may be provided in the electromagnetic wave frequency filter of each of Embodiments 15 to 15! ⁇ .
- the electromagnetic wave frequency filter of the sixth embodiment is used as an electromagnetic wave switch (optical switch), for example.
- the basic configuration of the electromagnetic wave frequency filter of the present embodiment is substantially the same as that of the sixth embodiment, and the refractive index in the vicinity of the output-waveguide-side reflectors 31, 31,.
- control means for changing the output of the drop ports # 3, # 3,.
- the distance between the resonator 4 and the input waveguide 2 is set to be larger than the distance between the resonator 4 and the output waveguide 3, as shown in FIG.
- the difference is that Q described in 1 is different from Q.
- the same components as those in Embodiment 6 include inb inr
- FIG. 13 shows the relationship between 0, ⁇ and the drop efficiency D as in FIG. 11 described in the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the electromagnetic wave frequency filter of the present embodiment.
- ⁇ can be changed by changing ⁇ to ⁇ and changing the refractive index near the output waveguide side reflector 31.
- the drop efficiency is reduced to approximately 0%, and the refractive index in the vicinity of the output waveguide side reflector 31 is changed so that ⁇ becomes 1.8 ⁇ .
- the electromagnetic wave frequency filter of the present embodiment is used as an electromagnetic wave switch (optical switch) having frequency selectivity (wavelength selectivity), it is necessary to implement this method. Compared to the case where the electromagnetic wave frequency filter of the embodiment 6 is used as the electromagnetic wave switch, the energy consumption in the control means can be reduced and the switching speed as the electromagnetic wave switch (optical switch) can be increased. .
- control means in this embodiment may be provided in the electromagnetic wave frequency filter of each of Embodiments 15 to 15. Also, by changing the refractive index of the input waveguide side reflectors 21,... And the output waveguide side reflectors 31,... Each of the reflectors and resonators 4,. Control means to change the output
- the two-dimensional photonic crystal 1, 1, in each of the above embodiments, the two-dimensional photonic crystal 1, 1,.
- a two-dimensional photonic crystal may be formed from silicon and a dielectric material by using a dielectric material having a different refractive index, or a periodic structure of three or more types of media may be used.
- the silicon and the insulating film are formed by forming an insulating film of SiO or SiN covering the inner peripheral surfaces of the circular holes 12, 12, ... provided in the power slabs 11, 11, ...
- a two-dimensional photonic crystal may be composed of three types, i.e., air and air. Further, the in-plane heterostructure described in each of the above embodiments employs a three-dimensional photonic crystal instead of each of the two-dimensional photonic crystals 1, 1,.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CA002536568A CA2536568C (en) | 2003-08-29 | 2004-08-26 | Electromagnetic wave frequency filter |
KR1020067004072A KR100739522B1 (ko) | 2003-08-29 | 2004-08-26 | 전자기파 주파수 필터 |
US10/569,922 US7321707B2 (en) | 2003-08-29 | 2004-08-26 | Electromagnetic wave frequency filter |
CNB2004800321134A CN100523887C (zh) | 2003-08-29 | 2004-08-26 | 电磁波频率滤波器 |
EP04772243A EP1662281A4 (en) | 2003-08-29 | 2004-08-26 | WAVE FILTER WITH ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE |
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JP2003-307266 | 2003-08-29 | ||
JP2003307266A JP3721181B2 (ja) | 2003-08-29 | 2003-08-29 | 電磁波周波数フィルタ |
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US (1) | US7321707B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1662281A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3721181B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100739522B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100523887C (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2536568C (ja) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1662281A4 (en) | 2007-12-19 |
CA2536568C (en) | 2008-02-19 |
KR20060064059A (ko) | 2006-06-12 |
TWI237709B (en) | 2005-08-11 |
CN100523887C (zh) | 2009-08-05 |
CN1875303A (zh) | 2006-12-06 |
JP3721181B2 (ja) | 2005-11-30 |
US20060269188A1 (en) | 2006-11-30 |
CA2536568A1 (en) | 2005-03-10 |
EP1662281A1 (en) | 2006-05-31 |
TW200510798A (en) | 2005-03-16 |
KR100739522B1 (ko) | 2007-07-13 |
US7321707B2 (en) | 2008-01-22 |
JP2005077673A (ja) | 2005-03-24 |
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