WO2005020227A1 - 信号検出方法及び装置、並びに情報再生装置及び方法 - Google Patents
信号検出方法及び装置、並びに情報再生装置及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005020227A1 WO2005020227A1 PCT/JP2004/008568 JP2004008568W WO2005020227A1 WO 2005020227 A1 WO2005020227 A1 WO 2005020227A1 JP 2004008568 W JP2004008568 W JP 2004008568W WO 2005020227 A1 WO2005020227 A1 WO 2005020227A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B9/00—Recording or reproducing using a method not covered by one of the main groups G11B3/00 - G11B7/00; Record carriers therefor
- G11B9/02—Recording or reproducing using a method not covered by one of the main groups G11B3/00 - G11B7/00; Record carriers therefor using ferroelectric record carriers; Record carriers therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y10/00—Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B11/00—Recording on or reproducing from the same record carrier wherein for these two operations the methods are covered by different main groups of groups G11B3/00 - G11B7/00 or by different subgroups of group G11B9/00; Record carriers therefor
- G11B11/08—Recording on or reproducing from the same record carrier wherein for these two operations the methods are covered by different main groups of groups G11B3/00 - G11B7/00 or by different subgroups of group G11B9/00; Record carriers therefor using recording by electric charge or by variation of electric resistance or capacitance
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
- G11B20/02—Analogue recording or reproducing
- G11B20/06—Angle-modulation recording or reproducing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
- G11B20/10—Digital recording or reproducing
- G11B20/10009—Improvement or modification of read or write signals
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B9/00—Recording or reproducing using a method not covered by one of the main groups G11B3/00 - G11B7/00; Record carriers therefor
- G11B9/08—Recording or reproducing using a method not covered by one of the main groups G11B3/00 - G11B7/00; Record carriers therefor using electrostatic charge injection; Record carriers therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B9/00—Recording or reproducing using a method not covered by one of the main groups G11B3/00 - G11B7/00; Record carriers therefor
- G11B9/12—Recording or reproducing using a method not covered by one of the main groups G11B3/00 - G11B7/00; Record carriers therefor using near-field interactions; Record carriers therefor
- G11B9/14—Recording or reproducing using a method not covered by one of the main groups G11B3/00 - G11B7/00; Record carriers therefor using near-field interactions; Record carriers therefor using microscopic probe means, i.e. recording or reproducing by means directly associated with the tip of a microscopic electrical probe as used in Scanning Tunneling Microscopy [STM] or Atomic Force Microscopy [AFM] for inducing physical or electrical perturbations in a recording medium; Record carriers or media specially adapted for such transducing of information
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a signal detection method and apparatus for reproducing polarization information recorded on a dielectric such as a ferroelectric recording medium, and an information reproducing apparatus and method using the signal detection method.
- the inventors of the present invention have proposed a technology of a recording / reproducing apparatus using scanning non-linear dielectric microscopy (SNDM), which analyzes a dielectric recording medium at a nanoscale.
- SNDM scanning non-linear dielectric microscopy
- the resolution of measurement is reduced to sub-nanometers by using a conductive force cantilever (probe) with a small probe at the tip used for AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy). It is possible to increase up to.
- AFM Automatic Force Microscopy
- the oscillation frequency changes with the alternating electric field and the oscillation including the sign
- the rate of change in frequency depends on the non-probe of the ferroelectric material just below the probe. It is determined by the linear permittivity.
- the component caused by the alternating electric field is FM-demodulated and extracted from the high-frequency signal of the LC oscillator, which is FM (Frequency Modulation) modulated according to the change of the small capacitance ⁇ C due to the application of the alternating electric field. Reproduce the recorded information recorded on the ferroelectric recording medium. Disclosure of the invention
- an FM demodulation circuit that can demodulate a wide modulation band in a high frequency band is required.
- FM demodulators can only demodulate a band of about 200 kHz.
- a reproduction speed of, for example, about 1 Gbps which is required in a recording and reproducing apparatus using the above-mentioned SNDM. Therefore, it is not possible to sufficiently improve the reproduction speed of the recording / reproducing apparatus, and it is difficult or impossible to realize high-speed reproduction which is indispensable for realizing a large-capacity recording medium.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems. For example, it is possible to relatively easily demodulate a signal obtained by performing a wide-band modulation on a high-frequency carrier, thereby improving the signal reproduction speed.
- a signal detection method and apparatus to be obtained and an information reproducing apparatus and method using the signal detection method.
- the signal detection method of the present invention is a signal detection method for detecting an output signal indicating data information included in at least two sidebands from an input signal having a carrier and at least two sidebands attached to the carrier.
- said at least two sidebands A step of cutting a sideband located on one of a higher frequency side and a lower frequency side compared with the carrier, and the input signal in which the one sideband is cut off.
- the input signal includes a carrier and a sideband. That is, the input signal may be a signal obtained by adding a modulation signal by, for example, FM modulation to a carrier wave. Then, the input signal is cut in a side band wave in a cutting step.
- the input signal is cut in a side band wave in a cutting step.
- at least two sideband waves appear at symmetrical positions with the carrier frequency as the center frequency. Therefore, one of the sidebands appearing on the high frequency side and the sideband appearing on the low frequency side among these sidebands is emphasized.
- the cutting of the sideband can be easily performed by, for example, the operation of a low pass filter (LPF) or a high pass filter (HPF).
- LPF low pass filter
- HPF high pass filter
- the input signal from which a part of the sideband is cut is subjected to the square detection in the square detection process. Then, an output signal can be detected from the signal after square detection.
- the input signal is subjected to the square-law detection without providing a cutting step, it is included in the sidebands on the high-frequency side and the low-frequency side, respectively, as will be described later using mathematical formulas. Since the respective output signal components are canceled, the output signal cannot be detected.
- the signal detection method of the present invention by cutting a sideband wave on one of the high frequency band side and the low frequency band side, It is possible to appropriately detect the output signal included in the sideband.
- the signal detection method of the present invention for example, since the band limitation unlike the conventional FM demodulator is eliminated, even if the higher frequency carrier is subjected to wider band modulation, the output signal can be appropriately adjusted. Can be detected. Therefore, for example, the information reproducing apparatus described later can be used to improve the detection speed of the output signal (that is, the reproducing speed). Then, stable signal detection can be realized without being affected by external noise due to stray capacitance or the like.
- the signal detection method further includes a frequency conversion step of converting a frequency of the input signal, and in the cutting step, a frequency conversion step is performed based on the converted input signal.
- the one sideband is emphasized.
- the frequency of the input signal (ie, the frequency of the carrier) can be converted to a higher frequency or a lower frequency by the frequency conversion step.
- signal processing ie, processing in, for example, a cutting process or square-law detection process
- signal processing is performed by performing frequency conversion. It is possible to set an easy frequency. After that, it becomes possible to relatively easily perform signal processing in the cut step and the square detection step on the frequency-converted input signal. Therefore, it is possible to improve the efficiency of the signal processing and further improve the reproduction speed of, for example, an information reproducing apparatus described later.
- the frequency conversion In the step conversion is performed so that the frequency becomes relatively low.
- the carrier for example, several GH z
- the frequency conversion step according, by lowering the frequency of the carrier wave for example, about several hundred MH Z, The output signal can be detected relatively easily.
- the capacity of the output signal that can be detected per unit time increases, and for example, it is possible to improve the reproduction speed of the information reproducing apparatus described later.
- the input signal is an FM signal
- the positional relationship between the carrier and the sideband on the frequency axis that is, the width of the modulation band
- the output signal can be appropriately detected from the input signal after the frequency conversion.
- the signal detection method further includes a determination step of determining whether the frequency is higher than a predetermined value, wherein the frequency is higher than a predetermined value in the determination step. When it is determined, the frequency is converted in the frequency conversion step.
- the predetermined value serving as the threshold value in the determination step may be, for example, a value uniquely determined in advance, or may be a value input every time a signal is detected.
- the predetermined value may be a value input by a user using the signal detection method, or may be a value automatically determined by, for example, a microcomputer.
- the square wave is applied to the carrier and the primary side band in the input signal in which the one side band is emphasized. Detect.
- the output signal using the primary sideband. Become. In other words, a plurality of sidebands having different frequency components with the carrier as the center frequency appear in the sideband. If the primary sideband is extracted, the output signal can be detected.
- the amplitude of the carrier is V.
- the modulation index is mfi
- the angular frequency of the carrier is co.
- the first-order sideband is at time t and (V.m ⁇ no). 2)
- a sideband on a high frequency band side is cut out of the at least two sidebands.
- the phase change of the signal is generally larger than when a sideband on the low frequency side is cut by an HPF. Therefore, the signal detection method according to the present invention can be more easily performed.
- the data information is recorded on a recording medium, and a high-frequency electric field is applied to the recording medium, and a low-frequency alternating electric field is lower than the high-frequency electric field.
- a signal acquisition step of acquiring the input signal by applying the input signal is performed on a recording medium, and a high-frequency electric field is applied to the recording medium, and a low-frequency alternating electric field is lower than the high-frequency electric field.
- an output signal can be appropriately detected, for example, even in an information reproducing apparatus using the principle of SNDM as described later.
- a playback device using the principle of SNDM will be described later in detail.
- the recording medium may be configured to include a recording layer including a dielectric.
- the signal detection device of the present invention is a signal detection device that detects an output signal indicating data information included in at least two sidebands from an input signal having a carrier and at least two sidebands attached to the carrier. And cutting means for cutting a sideband wave located on one of a high frequency band side and a low frequency band side compared to the carrier wave from the at least two sideband waves, and the one sideband. A square detection means for outputting the output signal by performing a square detection on the input signal whose wave has been cut. According to the signal detection device of the present invention, similarly to the above-described signal detection method of the present invention, even if a higher frequency carrier is subjected to wider band modulation, demodulation is appropriately performed and an output signal is detected. It is possible to do.
- the signal detection device of the non-invention can also adopt various aspects.
- An information reproducing apparatus of the present invention is an information reproducing apparatus for reproducing data information recorded on a recording medium, comprising: a carrier wave and at least two sidebands attached to the carrier wave and including the data information, from the recording medium.
- Reading means for reading a reproduced signal having a wave, and a cut for cutting a sideband located on one of a high frequency side and a low frequency side relative to the carrier wave from the at least two sidebands.
- ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to the information reproducing apparatus of this invention, it becomes possible to extract data information from the reproduction signal containing a high frequency carrier wave, and to reproduce relatively easily and appropriately.
- the reading means reads a reproduction signal including data information recorded on the recording medium.
- the reproduced signal has at least two sidebands including a carrier and data information. That is, a reproduction signal including data information recorded on the recording medium is read by, for example, performing modulation on the carrier.
- modulation scheme may be, for example, FM modulation.
- the square-law detection means performs square-law detection on the reproduced signal in which one of the sidebands has been cut.
- the reproduction means Extract data information and play it back.
- the reproducing means may be configured to extract data information by performing phase detection such as synchronous detection on the squared detected reproduction signal.
- the carrier is a high frequency of, for example, about several GHz, and the carrier is, for example, several tens of MHz. Even if some degree of modulation has been applied, it is possible to perform appropriate demodulation and reproduce the data information included in the modulated reproduction signal. Also, since the modulation band can be widened, the reproduction speed can be improved. This is an extremely great advantage in reproducing a large-capacity recording medium such as a ferroelectric recording medium.
- the information reproducing apparatus of the non-invention can also adopt various aspects.
- the reading unit applies a high-frequency electric field to the recording layer of the recording medium and applies an alternating electric field having a lower frequency than the high-frequency electric field.
- the reproduction signal is read.
- Another aspect of the information reproducing apparatus of the present invention further comprises the frequency conversion means for converting the frequency of the reproduction signal, wherein the cut means converts the one sideband wave from the converted reproduction signal. Cut.
- the signal processing can be performed at a frequency with a low signal processing by performing the frequency conversion. Therefore, the efficiency of signal processing can be improved, and the reproduction speed of the information reproducing apparatus can be improved.
- the recording medium includes a dielectric material. It has a recording layer.
- polarization information in the recording layer including the dielectric can be appropriately reproduced as data information.
- the information reproducing apparatus reproduces the data information based on a nonlinear dielectric microscopy.
- An information reproducing method is an information reproducing method for reproducing data information recorded on a recording medium, comprising: a carrier wave and at least two sidebands attached to the carrier wave and containing the data information.
- the carrier is a high frequency of, for example, about several GHz, and the carrier is modulated at, for example, about several tens of MHz. Even if it has been applied, it is possible to perform appropriate demodulation and reproduce the data information included in the modulated reproduction signal.
- the information reproducing method of the present invention can also adopt various aspects.
- a cut step and a square detection step, or a cut means and a square detection means are provided. Therefore, it is possible to appropriately detect an output signal even when a wider band modulation is performed on a higher frequency carrier.
- the reading means, the cutting means, the square test It comprises a wave means and a reproducing means, or a reading step, a cutting step, a square detection step and a reproducing step. Therefore, a high frequency of about several carriers e.g. GH Z, even against the said carrier wave modulated on the order of several tens MH z example were subjected performs appropriate demodulation, contained in the modulated reproduced signal Data information to be reproduced.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram conceptually showing a basic configuration of an embodiment of a ferroelectric reproducing apparatus employing the signal detection method of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory view and a sectional view conceptually showing a ferroelectric recording medium used for reproduction of the ferroelectric reproduction device according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view conceptually showing an operation of recording data information on a ferroelectric recording medium to be reproduced by the ferroelectric reproducing device according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view conceptually showing a reproducing operation of the ferroelectric reproducing device according to the example.
- FIG. 5 is a spectrum diagram showing a modulated oscillation signal during reproduction of the ferroelectric reproduction device according to the example.
- FIG. 6 is a spectrum diagram showing a signal after the sideband of the oscillation signal shown in FIG. 5 has been emphasized.
- FIG. 7 is a spectrum diagram showing a signal after frequency conversion of the oscillation signal shown in FIG. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram conceptually showing the basic configuration of the ferroelectric reproducing apparatus according to the present embodiment.
- the ferroelectric reproducing device 1 has a probe 11 for applying an electric field with its tip end facing the ferroelectric material 17 of the ferroelectric recording medium 20, and a signal for reproducing the signal applied from the probe 11. Recorded information formed on the return electrode 1 2 where the high-frequency electric field returns, the inductor L provided between the probe 11 and the return electrode 12, and the strong dielectric material 17 directly below the inductor L and the probe 11.
- An oscillator 13 that oscillates at a resonance frequency determined by the capacitance C s of the portion polarized corresponding to, and an alternating electric field for applying the alternating electric field for detecting the polarization state recorded in the ferroelectric material 17
- An AC signal generator 14 ; a demodulator 30 for demodulating an FM signal modulated by a capacitance corresponding to the polarization state of the ferroelectric material 17 immediately below the probe 11; and data from the demodulated signal.
- the signal detector 3 4 to detect and the demodulated signal It is provided with a tracking error detector 35 for detecting a king error signal.
- the probe 11 is formed by covering a conductive member or an insulating member with a conductive film, and a tip portion facing the ferroelectric material 17 is a spherical shape having a predetermined radius. This radius is a large factor that determines the radius of the polarization formed in the ferroelectric material 17 in accordance with the recorded data, and is extremely small on the order of 10 nm.
- the probe 11 is an electrode for applying an electric field to the ferroelectric material 17, and for example, a needle-like or cantilever-like electrode is known as a specific shape.
- the probe 11 may have a structure including a plurality of probes. In this case, it is preferable to provide a plurality of AC signal generators 14 corresponding to the respective probes 11. Further, a plurality of signal detection units 34 are provided so that the signal detection units 34 can discriminate the reproduction signals corresponding to the respective AC signal generators 14, and each of the signal detection units 34 is It is preferable that a reference signal is obtained from the AC signal generator 14 to output a corresponding reproduction signal. Alternatively, instead of providing a plurality of AC signal generators 14 corresponding to the respective probes 11, a configuration in which a plurality of oscillators 13 and a plurality of demodulators 30 are provided may be employed.
- the return electrode 12 is an electrode from which the high-frequency electric field (that is, the resonance electric field from the oscillator 13) applied from the probe 11 to the ferroelectric material 17 returns, and is provided so as to surround the probe 11. ing.
- the high-frequency electric field that is, the resonance electric field from the oscillator 13
- its shape and arrangement can be arbitrarily set.
- the inductor L is provided between the probe 11 and the return electrode 12, and is formed by, for example, a micro strip line.
- a resonant circuit is formed including the inductor L and the capacitance C s.
- the inductance of the inductor L is determined so that the resonance frequency becomes a value centered at, for example, about 1 GHz.
- the oscillator 13 is an oscillator that oscillates at a resonance frequency determined by the inductor L and the capacitance Cs.
- the oscillation frequency changes in accordance with the change in the capacitance C s, and thus FM modulation is performed in accordance with the change in the capacitance C s determined by the polarization region corresponding to the recorded data.
- the recorded data can be read by demodulating this FM modulation.
- the AC signal generator 14 applies an alternating electric field between the probe 11 or the return electrode 12 and the electrode 16. Further, in a ferroelectric reproducing apparatus having a plurality of probes 11, the frequency is synchronized with a reference signal as a reference signal, and a signal detected by the probe 11 is discriminated.
- the frequency of the oscillator 13 is, for example, about 10 to 10 GHz
- the frequency is about 1% of the frequency at the maximum, that is, 100 to 10 OMHz.
- the alternating electric field is applied to a small area of the ferroelectric material 17.
- the configuration including the probe 11, the return electrode 12, the oscillator 13 and the AC signal generator 14 constitutes a specific example of the above-described "reading means” of the present invention.
- the demodulator 30 demodulates the oscillation frequency of the oscillator 13 FM-modulated due to the small change in the capacitance C s, and restores the waveform corresponding to the polarized state of the part traced by the probe 11 I do. If the recorded data is digital "0" and "1" data, the frequency of the signal demodulated corresponding to each data is the same as that of the AC signal generator 14, and its phase is strong. There is a difference of 180 ° corresponding to the polarity of the polarization direction of the dielectric. Therefore, the data can be easily reproduced by judging the phase.
- the demodulator 30 includes a frequency converter 31, an LPF 32 and a square-law detector 33.
- the frequency converter 31 converts the oscillation frequency including the reproduction signal (that is, the output signal) to a lower frequency (that is, mixing down). For example, if the oscillation frequency is about 1 GH z, that through the frequency converter 3 1, for example, may be frequency-converted into 1 0 0 MH Z about frequency.
- Such a frequency converter 31 may be configured to include, for example, a multiplier that multiplies the FM signal from the oscillator 13 by a signal having a predetermined frequency component, an LPF (or HPF), and the like.
- the LPF 32 selectively passes a low frequency component from an oscillation frequency including a reproduction signal and blocks a high frequency component.
- a frequency component lower than the frequency is selectively transmitted.
- the square detector 33 square-detects the FM signal including the reproduction signal and passing through the LPF 32. Then, the detected reproduction signal is output to the signal detection section 34.
- a nonlinear element such as a diode or a multiplier can be used.
- the signal detector 34 reproduces recorded data from the signal demodulated by the demodulator 30.
- a lock-in amplifier is used as the signal detector 34, and data is reproduced by performing synchronous detection based on the frequency of the alternating electric field of the AC signal generator 14. It should be noted that other phase detection means may be used.
- the tracking error detector 35 detects a tracking error signal for controlling the device from the signal demodulated by the demodulator 30.
- the detected tracking error signal is input to the tracking mechanism to perform control.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram conceptually showing an example of the ferroelectric recording medium 20 used in the present embodiment.
- the ferroelectric recording medium 20 is a disk-shaped ferroelectric recording medium, for example, a center hole 10 and a concentric circle with the center hole 10. It has an inner peripheral area 7, a recording area 8, and an outer peripheral area 9 from the inner side.
- Center—Hole 10 is used for mounting on a spindle motor.
- the recording area 8 is an area for recording data, has tracks and spaces between tracks, and has an area for recording control information related to recording and reproduction in the tracks and spaces.
- the inner peripheral area 7 and the outer peripheral area 9 are used for recognizing the inner peripheral position and the outer peripheral position of the ferroelectric recording medium 20, and information on data to be recorded, such as a title, its address, and recording time. It can also be used as an area for recording the recording capacity and the like.
- the above-described configuration is merely an example, and other configurations such as a card configuration can be adopted.
- the ferroelectric recording medium 20 is formed by laminating an electrode 16 on a substrate 15 and a ferroelectric material 17 on an electrode 16.
- the substrate 15 is, for example, Si, which is a material suitable for its strength, chemical stability, workability, and the like.
- the electrode 16 is for generating an electric field between the return electrode 12 (or the probe 11), and the polarization direction is determined by applying an electric field higher than the coercive electric field to the ferroelectric material 17. I do. Recording is performed by determining the polarization direction corresponding to the data.
- Ferroelectric material 1 7, or joined, for example, L i T a O 3 and L i N b single crystal is thinned to about 1 0 0 nm on the O 3, electrodes 1 6, or Supattaringuya It is formed by a known technique such as MOCVD.
- the + side and one side of the polarization record is made with respect to the Z surface of the L i T A_ ⁇ 3 or L i N b 0 3 is the relationship 1 8 0 degree domain.
- other ferroelectric materials may be used.
- the shape of the ferroelectric recording medium 20 includes, for example, a disk form and a card form.
- the movement of the position relative to the probe 11 is performed by rotation of the medium, or one of the probe 11 and the medium is moved linearly.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view conceptually showing a data information recording operation.
- the ferroelectric reproducing apparatus 1 is an apparatus for reproducing data information, a predetermined electric field (particularly, a pulse electric field) is applied between the probe 11 and the electrode 16. By applying), an operation as a ferroelectric recording device can be performed.
- the ferroelectric material 17 by applying an electric field exceeding the coercive electric field of the ferroelectric material 17 between the probe 11 and the electrode 16, the ferroelectric material has a direction corresponding to the direction of the applied electric field.
- the dielectric material polarizes.
- data information can be recorded. For example, when an electric field is applied from the probe 11 to the electrode 16, the minute region has a downward polarization P, and when an electric field is applied from the electrode 16 to the probe 11, an upward polarization P is obtained. I do. This corresponds to the state where data information is recorded.
- the detection voltage is output as a rectangular wave that swings up and down in accordance with the polarization P. This level changes depending on the degree of polarization of polarization P, and recording as an analog signal is also possible.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view conceptually showing a data information reproducing operation.
- the nonlinear dielectric constant of the ferroelectric changes according to the polarization direction of the ferroelectric.
- the nonlinear dielectric constant of the ferroelectric can be detected as a difference in the capacitance or a change in the capacitance of the ferroelectric when an electric field is applied to the ferroelectric. Therefore, by applying an electric field to the ferroelectric material and detecting a difference in the capacitance C s or a change in the capacitance C s in a certain minute area of the ferroelectric material at that time, the ferroelectric material Data recorded as the direction of polarization can be read and reproduced.
- an alternating electric field from an AC signal generator 14 (not shown) is applied between the electrode 16 and the return electrode 12.
- This alternating electric field has an electric field intensity that does not exceed the coercive electric field of the strong dielectric material 17, and has, for example, a frequency of about 5 kHz.
- the alternating electric field is mainly generated to enable discrimination of a difference in capacitance change corresponding to the polarization direction of the ferroelectric material 17.
- An electric field may be formed in the ferroelectric material 17 by applying a DC bias voltage. When the relevant alternating electric field is applied, an electric field is generated in the ferroelectric material 17 of the ferroelectric recording medium 20.
- the probe 11 is moved closer to the recording surface until the distance between the tip of the probe 11 and the recording surface becomes a very small distance on the order of nanometers. In this state, the oscillator 13 is driven. In order to detect the capacitance C s of the ferroelectric material 17 immediately below the probe 11 with high accuracy, it is preferable that the probe 11 be in contact with the surface of the ferroelectric material 17, that is, the recording surface. . However, in order to read data recorded on the ferroelectric material 17 at high speed, the probe 11 needs to be relatively moved on the ferroelectric recording medium 20 at high speed.
- the probe 11 is substantially in contact with the recording surface rather than in contact with the recording surface. In general, it is better to bring the probe 11 close to the recording surface to the extent that it can be regarded as a contact.
- an extremely thin lubricant may be coated on the recording surface.
- the oscillator 13 oscillates at the resonance frequency of the resonance circuit including the capacitance C s and the inductor L of the ferroelectric material 17 directly below the probe 11 as constituent factors.
- this resonance frequency has a center frequency of about 1 GHz.
- the return electrode 12 and the probe 11 constitute a part of an oscillation circuit using the oscillator 13.
- the high-frequency signal of about 1 GHz applied from the probe 11 to the ferroelectric material 1 passes through the ferroelectric material 17 and returns to the return electrode 1 2, as indicated by the dotted arrow in FIG.
- noise for example, stray capacitance components
- the change in the capacitance C s corresponding to the nonlinear dielectric constant of the ferroelectric material 17 is very small, and in order to detect this, it is necessary to employ a detection method having high detection accuracy.
- the detection method using FM modulation can generally obtain high detection accuracy, the detection method is further increased to enable detection of a small capacitance change corresponding to the nonlinear dielectric constant of the ferroelectric material 17. Need to increase accuracy. Therefore, the ferroelectric reproducing apparatus 1 (that is, the recording / reproducing apparatus using the SNDM principle) according to the present embodiment
- the electrode 12 is placed near the probe 11 to make the feedback path of the oscillation circuit as short as possible. As a result, extremely high detection accuracy can be obtained, and a minute change in capacitance corresponding to the nonlinear dielectric constant of the ferroelectric can be detected.
- the probe 11 After driving the oscillator 13 and the AC signal generator 14, the probe 11 is moved in a direction parallel to the recording surface on the ferroelectric recording medium 20 on which information is recorded.
- the movement changes the domain (recording information) of the ferroelectric material 17 immediately below the probe 11, and each time the polarization direction changes, the pattern of increase and decrease of the capacitance C s by the AC signal generator 14 is reversed.
- the resonance frequency that is, the oscillation frequency of the oscillator 13 changes.
- the oscillator 13 outputs an FM-modulated signal based on the change in the capacitance Cs.
- the high-frequency electric field of the oscillator 13 is the frequency of the AC signal generator 14, and depends on the inversion of the increase / decrease pattern of the capacitance Cs corresponding to the sign of the domain of the ferroelectric material 17. 180 ° Modulated so that the phases are different.
- This FM signal is frequency-voltage converted by the demodulator 30.
- the change in the capacitance C s is converted into the magnitude of the voltage.
- the change in the capacitance C s corresponds to the nonlinear dielectric constant of the ferroelectric material 17, which corresponds to the polarization direction of the ferroelectric material 17, and the polarization direction corresponds to the ferroelectric material 17.
- the signal obtained from the demodulator 30 is a signal whose voltage changes according to the data recorded on the ferroelectric recording medium 20.
- the signal obtained from the demodulator 30 is supplied to the signal detection unit 34, and is subjected to, for example, synchronous detection to extract data recorded in the ferroelectric recording medium 20.
- the AC signal generated by the AC signal generator 14 is used as a reference signal.
- the data is extracted with high precision by synchronizing with the reference signal as described later. It becomes possible to extract.
- the demodulator 30 converts the frequency of the FM signal output from the oscillator 13 to a lower frequency, and then cuts a sideband on the high frequency side of the signal.
- the recorded signal ie, data information
- FIG. 5 is a spectrum diagram showing an FM-modulated oscillation signal output from the oscillator 13
- FIG. 6 is a spectrum diagram showing an FM signal after frequency conversion
- FIG. 7 is a spectrum diagram showing an FM signal after passing through LPF 32. Note that in the spectrum diagrams according to FIGS. 5 to 7, the carrier wave as the oscillation frequency and its primary sideband are extracted and described, and the description will proceed with the secondary and subsequent sidebands omitted. .
- the oscillation signal has the resonance frequency f. And a sideband containing a signal based on the capacitance change Cs.
- Equation 3 the angular frequency ⁇ (t) of the high-frequency electric field at time t is expressed by Equation 3.
- phase angle ⁇ (t) is defined by Equation 6 by defining Equation 5 and substituting Equation 5 into Equation 4.
- m f in Equation 5 is a modulation index
- the m f ⁇ includes a reproduced signal to be detected by the ferroelectric reproducing device 1 (that is, polarization information).
- the oscillation angular frequency omega p output V oscillator 1 3 which is FM-modulated by an alternating electric field (t) is represented by the number 7. That is, the output V (t) is the resonance angular frequency ⁇ of the oscillator 13. Referenced to, changing its phase by the angular frequency omega [rho of the alternating electric field. However, the output voltage amplitude is V. And
- Equation 7 the terms on the rightmost side according to Equation 7 are expanded as shown in Equations 8 and 9, respectively, using the Bessel function.
- Equation 10 the output V (t) of the oscillator 13 is represented by Equation 10:
- Equation 10 the carrier and the first sideband of the FM signal Only the waves shall be considered. That is, since the second and subsequent sidebands have small amplitudes, they are treated as negligible with respect to the first sideband.
- the first term indicates the carrier of the FM signal
- the second and third terms indicate the first sideband appearing above and below the carrier.
- the amplitude is V. Carrier wave appears. And the frequency is + ⁇ from the carrier. The amplitude is + V at a position separated by / 2 ⁇ or 1 ⁇ / 2 ⁇ . mf or one volt. Two first sidebands of mf, / 2 appear. Then, the FM signal is output from the oscillator 13 to the demodulator 30.
- the frequency converter 31 performs conversion (ie, mixing down) so that the frequency of the FM signal becomes lower.
- conversion is performed so that the frequency becomes 1/1/10. That is, as shown in FIG. 6, an FM signal appearing in a lower frequency band (f./10 in FIG. 6) is output.
- the frequency of the carrier is 1 GHz
- the frequency of the FM signal output from the frequency converter 31 is 10 OMHz.
- the carrier is FM-modulated, even if the carrier is mixed down by the frequency converter 31, there is no change in the interval between the carrier and the sideband (that is, the width of the band). For example, when a 1 GHz carrier is modulated using a 1 O MHz band, the modulation band occupies 1% of the carrier. On the other hand, if the frequency of the carrier becomes 10 OMHz due to the mixing down, the interval of the modulation band remains at 10 OMHz, and the modulation band occupies 10% of the carrier.
- the width of the modulation band does not fluctuate, even if the FM signal is mixed down, the modulated data information can be appropriately reproduced from the first sideband. Accordingly, the relative spacing between the carrier and the sideband can be increased by mixing down, and the power of the sideband on the high frequency side by the LPF 32 described later can be relatively easily performed. . Thereby, a carrier wave at a high frequency can be used, and there is a great advantage that the reproduction speed of a signal, that is, the reproduction speed of the ferroelectric reproduction device 1 can be further improved.
- the mixing down by the frequency converter 31 need not always be performed. For example, if the frequency of the carrier is low in advance, a configuration may be adopted in which the PF32FM signal is directly output without passing through the frequency converter 31. Further, a frequency monitoring unit that monitors the oscillation frequency output from the oscillator 13 may be provided. When an oscillation frequency higher than a predetermined frequency is output by the frequency monitoring unit, the frequency converter 31 may be interposed, and otherwise, the oscillator 13 may be configured to bypass the LPF 32 from the oscillator 13. .
- the width of the modulation band does not vary has the following advantages. For example, it is possible to reproduce data information while eliminating the influence of frequency fluctuations and the like caused by minute vibrations and the like generated in the probe 11. That is, if the sideband component generated by the vibration of the probe 11 is eliminated and the sideband based on the frequency of the AC signal generator 14 is detected, the data information can be reproduced.
- LPF32 cuts the first sideband appearing on the high frequency side of the two first sidebands, and squares the FM signal obtained by cutting the first sideband on the high frequency side. 3 Output to 3. That is, as shown in FIG. 7 (a), the carrier and the first sideband on the low frequency side become an FM signal after passing through the LPF 32, and the FM signal is output to the square-law detector 33. Is done.
- V (t) V 0 cos (fiy) ⁇ cos ⁇ (iy 0 - ⁇ ⁇ ) ⁇
- V (t) 2 of the FM signal shown in Equation 14 after square detection is shown in Equation 15:
- the FM signal after square detection is converted into a signal of ⁇ p (that is, AC signal generator 14
- ⁇ p that is, AC signal generator 14
- Equation 16 cos ( ⁇ p t) in the arc is erased. That is, under the conditions of the equation shown in Equation 16, mf cannot be detected from the FM signal after square detection.
- the first sideband on the high frequency side of the two first sidebands is cut by the LPF 32 to obtain the following equation (15). Mf can be detected in this way.
- the conventional FM modulator (which is generally easily available) has a technical problem that its bandwidth can only perform demodulation of about 200 kHz.
- the ferroelectric reproducing apparatus by performing the square detection and demodulating the FM signal, without considering the band limitation, for a carrier wave exceeding 1 GHz, for example, It is possible to reproduce an FM signal to which several + MHz modulation has been added. That is, even if wideband modulation is applied to a high-frequency carrier, the signal can be demodulated and an output signal (that is, recorded data) can be reproduced.
- the subsequent demodulation operation can be made easier, or the carrier having a higher frequency, for example, a carrier of about several GHz can be demodulated.
- the carrier frequency fluctuates due to stray capacitance and other factors.
- HPF High Pass Filter
- V (t) V 0 cos (iy 0 t) + ⁇ cos ⁇ (iy 0 + ⁇ ⁇ ) ⁇
- Fig. 7 (b) the square-law detection in the square law detector 3 3
- V ⁇ tf V Q 2 cos 2 (oV) + cos 2 ⁇ + ⁇ ⁇ ) ⁇ + V 0 2 mfi cos (6). t) cos ⁇ (iy. + ⁇ ⁇ ) ⁇ ]
- Equation 1 by synchronous detection with a signal of the FM signal omega [rho according, it is possible to detect the polarization information serving mfi.
- LPF32 is easier to manufacture than HPF and signal processing is easier for low-frequency components than for high-frequency components.
- signal processing is easier for low-frequency components than for high-frequency components.
- HPF even if HPF is used, it is possible to detect polarization information as shown in Expression 18 above.
- the ferroelectric material 17 is used for the recording layer.
- the dielectric material 17 may be any other dielectric or recording material capable of leaving recorded information as residual spontaneous polarization. Other materials that can leave information as a difference in dielectric constant may be used.
- the present invention can be appropriately modified within a scope that does not contradict the gist or idea of the present invention that can be read from the claims and the entire specification, and a signal detection method and apparatus involving such a change are also provided by the present invention. Included in the technical philosophy. Industrial applicability
- the present invention is used in a technical field of a signal detection method and apparatus for reproducing polarization information recorded on a dielectric such as a ferroelectric recording medium, and an information reproducing apparatus and method using the signal detection method. It is possible.
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- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
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JP2005513245A JP4326007B2 (ja) | 2003-08-25 | 2004-06-11 | 信号検出方法及び装置、並びに情報再生装置及び方法 |
EP04746081A EP1667139A4 (en) | 2003-08-25 | 2004-06-11 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DETECTING SIGNAL AND DEVICE AND METHOD FOR REPRODUCING INFORMATION |
US10/568,943 US7590040B2 (en) | 2003-08-25 | 2004-06-11 | Signal detecting method and apparatus and information reproducing apparatus and method |
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JP2003208574 | 2003-08-25 | ||
JP2003-208574 | 2003-08-25 |
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WO2005020227A1 true WO2005020227A1 (ja) | 2005-03-03 |
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US (1) | US7590040B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1667139A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4326007B2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005020227A1 (ja) |
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2004
- 2004-06-11 JP JP2005513245A patent/JP4326007B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-06-11 EP EP04746081A patent/EP1667139A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-06-11 WO PCT/JP2004/008568 patent/WO2005020227A1/ja active Application Filing
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JPWO2005020227A1 (ja) | 2006-10-19 |
US7590040B2 (en) | 2009-09-15 |
EP1667139A4 (en) | 2008-12-10 |
US20080214113A1 (en) | 2008-09-04 |
EP1667139A1 (en) | 2006-06-07 |
JP4326007B2 (ja) | 2009-09-02 |
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