WO2004111710A1 - 電気光学変調素子 - Google Patents
電気光学変調素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004111710A1 WO2004111710A1 PCT/JP2004/008384 JP2004008384W WO2004111710A1 WO 2004111710 A1 WO2004111710 A1 WO 2004111710A1 JP 2004008384 W JP2004008384 W JP 2004008384W WO 2004111710 A1 WO2004111710 A1 WO 2004111710A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/03—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels effect or Kerr effect
- G02F1/0305—Constructional arrangements
- G02F1/0316—Electrodes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/12—Measuring electrostatic fields or voltage-potential
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/03—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels effect or Kerr effect
- G02F1/035—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels effect or Kerr effect in an optical waveguide structure
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2202/00—Materials and properties
- G02F2202/32—Photonic crystals
Definitions
- the present invention is based on an electro-optical (E 1 ect O-0 ti ti C • E 0) crystal in which the refractive index is degraded by the nmm field and an electric field is applied to the electro-optical crystal.
- E 1 ect O-0 ti ti C • E 0 electro-optical crystal in which the refractive index is degraded by the nmm field and an electric field is applied to the electro-optical crystal.
- E 1 ect O-0 ti ti C • E 0 electro-optical
- An electro-optical element using a gas-optical TP crystal has an electro-optic tone that changes the phase of light passing through the crystal according to the magnitude of the electric field generated between the electrodes, and vice versa. It is used as an electric field sensor for detecting an electric field between electrodes or an m signal by detecting a phase change of light passing therethrough.For example, in an electric field sensor, an alternating electric field is applied. A light beam is incident on the electro-optic crystal, and the light emitted from the optical crystal is polarized by the beam. a 1 izing-B eam SP 1 itter •
- Fig. 1 shows the operation of a conventional electric field sensor.
- Fig. 1 shows the operation of a conventional electric field sensor.
- Fig. 1 shows a light beam emitted from a light source 101.
- 3 is the phase compensator
- the polarization stage of light beam 103 becomes circularly polarized immediately upon incidence on PBS 109
- the electro-optic crystal 107 is connected via the signal electrode 111 and the ground electrode 113 to the electromechanical crystal 111.
- the light beam 103 to which the electric field corresponding to 5 is applied changes the polarization in the electro-optic crystal 107 in accordance with the field.
- the polarization change P circumference light is S and P polarization in PBS 109. As the light components are separated into light components, each polarized light component is transformed into an intensity-modulated light, and the strongly transformed S and P polarized light components are in opposite phases to each other.
- the optical element using an electro-optic crystal has a living body as a signal path of 71 times.
- an electric field is generated simulta- neously at the reception of the Xmable lamp of the Mm partner via the living body via the living body, and the electric field is detected by an electro-optical method. Due to this, communication that is as independent as possible of the positional relationship between the X-Gravlund's grove and the earth ground, that is, at the position of the living body ⁇ ⁇ X-Gravable Communication with computer is ensured
- 2A to 2C are diagrams for explaining the process of producing an electro-optic modulator using an electro-optic crystal.
- An optical PM consisting of an electro-optic crystal and a pair of electrodes is obtained by thinning the optical crystal 107a of the raw material as shown in Fig. 2A and adding a thin electro-magnetic element / 13 ⁇ 4 as shown in Fig. 2B. Formed crystal 107 and thin ⁇ added electro-optic / Pa crystal 1
- the stationary terminal In the communication between the stationary terminal and the mobile terminal, the stationary terminal is grounded to the ground, so that communication can be performed in a relatively feminine manner.
- the stationary terminal In the communication between the stationary terminal and the mobile terminal, the stationary terminal is grounded to the ground, so that communication can be performed in a relatively feminine manner.
- phase change ⁇ given to light by the electro-optic modulator is given by the following equation.
- the problem is that the crystal is fragile.
- the surface of the electro-optic crystal on which light is incident is reflected.
- the length of the electro-optic In crystal in the direction in which light passes can be increased by increasing the length of the crystal.However, since the electro-optic crystal is thinned, the strength increases.
- the electro-optic modulation element has a specific structure, the light does not exit from the surface of the electro-optic crystal, and the light is diffracted, and the longer the length is, the more light leaks in the side direction. Now, the efficiency is low.
- the flatness of the frequency characteristic of the second requirement has the following problems: o
- the electron m and the crystal lattice are deformed.
- the birefringence of the 7PP crystal changes with respect to light.
- the degree of deformation of the 0 electron is not dependent on the frequency of the applied electric field, but the degree of deformation of the crystal lattice is affected by the frequency. Therefore, the frequency characteristics of the electro-optic crystal are
- the present invention has been made in view of the above, and has as its object to provide an optical modulation element capable of improving modulation efficiency and sensitivity.
- An electro-optic crystal whose birefringence changes due to an electric field and a pair of electrodes arranged to sandwich the m-optic crystal in order to connect an electric field to one of the electro-optic crystals.
- the optical element to be changed is an optical variable element.
- the optical optic 7 crystal has a groove parallel to the recording direction on each of a pair of side surfaces parallel to the direction of the incident light.
- the thin crystal part sandwiched between the two grooves is configured as the part where the electric field shows, and the perfect poles of the pair are formed so as to drip the writing grooves, respectively. It is important to say
- the invention according to the second aspect relates to the description of the first aspect.
- both grooves are formed on both sides of the pair, on both sides of which light enters and exits.
- the invention according to the third aspect is the invention according to the first aspect, wherein the two grooves are: ⁇ ⁇ a pair of side surfaces; ⁇ a center excluding both m portions between both surfaces on which light enters and exits. Department only It is said that it is formed in
- Electro-optical modulation that changes the polarization of light incident between the pair of poles ⁇ !
- the optical crystal is formed between the two grooves by having grooves parallel to the recording direction on each of the pair of side surfaces parallel to the direction of the incident light.
- the thin, crystallized part is formed as the part where
- a fifth aspect of the present invention is directed to the fourth aspect of the invention, wherein the grooves are formed on both sides of the pair of m surfaces on which the light enters and exits. It is important to say that it is formed
- the two grooves are arranged such that, on the paired side surfaces, the distance between both surfaces between which light enters and exits. It is said that it is formed only in the central part excluding the part
- the invention according to the seventh aspect is the invention according to the fourth aspect to the sixth aspect, wherein: If the other part of the shrine is filled with a mouth body, it is necessary that the entire part other than the two m-planes on which the light enters and exits is further covered with an electric conductor.
- the invention according to the eighth aspect is the invention according to the fourth aspect, and the invention according to the seventh to seventh aspects, wherein the dielectric is a sock.
- the present invention relates to an electro-optic crystal whose birefringence is changed by a ton electric field, and an electro-optic crystal to form an electric field with respect to the electro-optic TP crystal.
- an electric field is formed through the pair of poles disposed in the above-mentioned manner, an electric field is formed through the pair of poles, and according to the change in the birefringence according to the electric field strength.
- An optical modulator that changes the polarization of light incident between the pair of poles, protrudes from the base portion and the side surface of the m-th base portion, and extends in the direction of the incident light.
- the width of the portion is equal to or less than a predetermined value, and a U-shaped portion is provided. It is important to say that it is formed on a pair of opposite sides in the width direction of the ridge.
- the UV portion may be an eye of the base portion as viewed from a direction in which the 3D light is incident. It is important to say that it is formed almost at the center on the side
- the invention according to the eleventh aspect is the invention according to the ninth aspect, wherein the U-pin portion is viewed from a direction in which the 3D light is incident. It is said that it is formed on the ⁇ on the writing side of the base part
- the invention according to the twelfth aspect covers the entirety of the invention according to the ninth aspect, and that the invention has a mouthpiece.
- the invention according to the thirteenth aspect covers the invention according to the ninth aspect in which the pin portion has an electric body.
- the invention according to a fourteenth aspect is the invention according to the ninth aspect, wherein the upper surface of the link portion and the side surface of the pair of electrodes forming the upper surface and the surface are connected to each other. It is important to have a body in
- the invention according to the fifteenth embodiment is an invention according to the first to fourth embodiments, wherein the electronic component is a box.
- the invention according to the sixteenth aspect is directed to the invention according to the ninth aspect, in which the eye of the notch portion is the one of the side faces other than the side face of the pair in which the pair of electrodes are formed.
- a seventeenth aspect in which a low-refractive-index medium having a refractive index lower than the refractive index of the recording optical crystal is provided at least in the vicinity of the side surface on the base side.
- the invention according to the 16th aspect is the invention according to the 16th aspect, wherein the U-pin portion is formed of the photon crystal.
- the base is made of the low refractive index medium.
- the light relating to g in 18 is the same as the light relating to 16 in that the U-pin part and the upper part of the base part are composed of the electro-optic crystal and the remaining part of the base part.
- the invention according to the nineteenth aspect, in which the lower portion is composed of the low-refractive index medium, is the invention according to the sixteenth aspect, wherein the base portion and the U-shaped part are provided. It is important to note that the lower part of the part is made of the low refractive index medium, and the upper part of the remaining part of the U-shaped part is made of the electro-optic crystal.
- the invention according to the 20th aspect is the invention according to the 17th H-like to the 19th-like H-like invention.
- the low-refractive-index medium is a kind of element with the optical ⁇ -crystal. It is important to note that based on its composition ratio, it is a ⁇ 5 ⁇ optical crystal with a low refractive index
- the lid portion is made of the electro-optic crystal, and an upper portion of the base portion is bonded.
- the lower part of the base of the base portion is formed of a substrate, and the invention relating to the 22nd platform relates to the invention relating to the 16th embodiment.
- the m-shaped portion and the upper portion of the base portion are composed of a recording optical crystal, and the lower portion of the recording optical crystal of the base portion is composed of an adhesive. It is important to note that the bottom of the rest of the base is made of substrate
- the invention according to the twenty-third aspect is the invention according to the sixteenth aspect, wherein the base portion is formed of a substrate, and the lower portion of the U-shaped portion is formed of a rod with a contact agent. , Eye IJ ⁇ ⁇ on the rest of the link ⁇ The point is that the part is composed of the aerial optical crystal
- the invention according to the twenty-fourth embodiment is the invention according to the sixteenth embodiment, wherein the low-refractive-index medium is a gas or a 5 ⁇ -shaped base in a cavity provided above the base.
- the UV part is composed of the electro-optical crystal and the base part has a periodic structure.
- b made of thick crystals
- the invention according to the twenty-sixth aspect relates to an electro-optic crystal in which a birefringence is changed by a coupling electric field, and an optical crystal in relation to the electro-optic crystal. And a pair of electrodes that are arranged across the magneto-optical crystal to form an ⁇ field, and the m field is formed through the pair of poles.
- An acousto-optic modulator that changes the polarization of light incident between a pair of m-poles in response to a change in the birefringence according to the field strength. It is important to note that, except on both the m-planes from which the light is emitted, the magneto-optical clasp SB and the pair of poles described above are provided with a m-type electric body which is laid so as to relatively fix the poles relative to each other.
- a twenty-seventh invention according to the twenty-sixth aspect is the invention according to the twenty-sixth aspect, wherein the electric conductor is viscous and has the property of hardening over time.
- Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating the operation of a conventional electric field sensor.
- Figures 2A to 2C show electron photons using crystal a
- FIGS. 4A to 4D are configured as shown in FIG. 3A.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a manufacturing process of an optical device.
- FIGS. 5A and 5B are a partially transparent perspective view and a cross-sectional view showing a magneto-optical modulator according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 6A to 6D are configured as shown in FIG. 5A.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a manufacturing process of an electro-optical photovoltaic device to be used.
- FIGS. 7A and 7B are a partially transparent perspective view and a sectional view showing an electro-optical device according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 8A to 8D are configured as shown in FIG. 7A.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a manufacturing process of a magneto-optical element to be used.
- FIGS. 9A to 9C are longitudinal sectional views and other corners of the structure of the acousto-optic modulator of the embodiment table shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B, as viewed from a direction perpendicular to FIG. 7B. It is a longitudinal section showing the structure of
- FIGS. 10A to 10D are cross-sectional views showing a manufacturing process of an electro-optic e-peripheral element according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 11 is a view of the optical modulation element shown in Fig. 10D in which the electrode made of unnecessary metal remaining on the electro-optic crystal is removed.
- 12A to 12D are cross-sectional views showing a manufacturing process of an electro-optic modulation element according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a light incident surface of an electro-optic modulation element of a pin type embodiment f.
- FIGS. 14A and 14 ⁇ are diagrams for explaining a pin-type photonic variable e-period employing a photovoltaic crystal.
- Fig. 15 is a diagram showing a light incident surface of an electro-optic modulator according to another embodiment of the edge type.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the light incidence surface of the acousto-optic modulator of another embodiment of the edge type.
- FIGS. 17A and 17A are diagrams showing the light incident surface of an electrophotonic device of another embodiment of the U-edge type.
- FIGS. 18A to 18A are diagrams showing the ability to apply a liquid to an electro-optical crystal vertically placed on a pedestal.
- Fig. 19 shows both the case where no VV is applied to the electro-optical crystal, the case where x-ray is applied to the upper surface of the electro-optical crystal, and the surface where the electro-optical crystal is coated.
- the figure shows the output characteristics of the field sensor.
- Figures 20A to 20 ⁇ show the appearance of y-box coating on an optical crystal placed on a pedestal.
- FIGS. 21A and 21A are diagrams showing the ability to apply a box to the so-called H-type electro-optic element.
- FIGS. 22A to 22C are diagrams showing the ability to apply a flux to a so-called U-shaped thermo-optical conversion element. M people's form for giving light
- FIGS. 3A and 3B are a perspective view and a cross-sectional view, respectively, showing a portion of an electro-optical j3 ⁇ 4I element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the optical modulator of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B is excavated in the longitudinal direction of the side 1a and the opposite side 1b from the m-plane 1c to the side 1d.
- An optical crystal 1 having a pair of groove portions formed by being separated from each other, and a pair of electrodes 5a and 5b made of a metal buried in the pair of groove portions.
- the cross-sectional shape of each pair of grooves is rectangular, and the pair of electrodes 5a and 5b have each groove almost completely filled in the groove.
- the groove of the pair is cut on both side surfaces 1a1b so that their bottoms are close to each other.
- the dimensions of the electro-optic P-peripheral element formed by digging down by grinding or polishing etc. are, for example, the distance d between the electrodes 5a, 5b is not more than 0.1 mm.
- L is about 2 cm cross section
- the vertical and horizontal dimensions t and X of each are less than about 1 cm
- Electro-optics configured like
- the groove formed in the magneto-optical crystal 1 is formed so as to almost completely fill the groove, and the thin crystal part between the electrodes 5a and 5b is separated from the electrodes 5a 5b by the electro-optical ⁇ Since it is formed so as to be entirely covered by the crystal 1 and the electro-optic crystal 1, it is easy to get loose from the thin electrode 5 a 5 b and the electrode 5 a 5 For the thin structure between b, the raw material electro-optic crystal 1 is placed on both sides 1 a
- the distance between the electrodes 5a and 5b is extremely thin, for example, 0 • 1 mm or less.
- the direction of the electric field vector h generated by the electrodes 5a and 5b is determined by the direction of the electrode 5a. 5b across
- the optical P-periphery is formed by cutting or polishing the optical crystal 1 of a rectangular raw material as shown in Fig. 2A from both sides 1a1b as shown in Fig. 4A. It is dug down to form two grooves 3a3b. Then, as shown in FIG. 4B, a metal such as silver paste is put in the grooves 3a3b as shown in FIG. 4B. A thin and thin electrode 5 aa 5 ba is formed. Next, as shown in FIG. 4C, the UF wire 53 for applying a voltage to each of the electrodes 5a a5ba is bonded.
- the electrodes 5 aa and 5 ba have a thin structure, but the intensity is increased by using a m-optical modulator as shown in FIG. 3A.
- the silver electrode is made of silver paste. Electro-optic field with poles 5a and 5b of the same thickness as
- FIGS. 5A and 5B are partially transparent perspective views and cross-sectional views respectively showing electric and optical e-circumference elements according to another embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure
- the optical modulator of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B is formed entirely in the groove 3a 3b in the electro-optic modulator of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B. Electrode 5a
- the depth of the groove at the bottom of the groove 3a3b is thinner than the depth of the groove.
- the H73f conductors 9a and 9b are formed so as to fill the grooves left on the top, so that they are formed so as to be embodied as the entire aero-optic modulator. is there
- the distance between the lightning poles 7a and 7b of the pair is extremely small in the electric and optical elements, and the electrodes 7a7b and the electrodes 9a9b and ib If the groove 3a 3b formed in the electro-optic crystal 1 as a whole is formed so as to almost completely fill the gap, the thin crystal between pole 7a and 7b Part is pole 7 a 7 b ⁇ m body 9 a 9 b
- the electro-optical crystal 1 Since it is formed so as to be entirely covered with the optical crystal 1, the electro-optical crystal 1 is easily broken from the thin electrode 7 a 7 b and has an m pole 7 a 7
- the thin crystal structure between the grooves 3a and 3b between b is also formed by drilling down the raw material, MS optical crystal 1 from both sides 1a1b by cutting or polishing. Extremely close to poles 7a and 7b ⁇ For example, it is not a problem to add 0-1mm or less
- the electric current between the electrodes 7a and 7b Optical connection B says that the spotlights 1 and 2 are incident from the end face of 1 but the incident surface is key-reflected n-thin and a thin crystal between electrodes 7a and 7b
- the surface of the electro-optic crystal 1 other than the portion of ⁇ and the m-plane of the electrode 7a7b The m-plane of the entire rectangular electro-optical element including the surface of the conductor 9a9b 1C
- the thin crystal part between the pole 7a7b and the electrode 7a7b is assumed to be fixed by the entire crystal and the crystal 9a9b, so the thin crystal is It also has the effect of suppressing only the part and flattening the frequency characteristics.o
- the optical modulation element composed of
- the direction of the electric field vector generated by 7a 7b is m
- FIGS. 5A and 5B a method of manufacturing an electro-optic element configured as shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B will be described with reference to FIGS. 6A to 6D.
- a rectangular raw material optical optical crystal 1 shown in Fig. 6A is dug down by cutting or polishing from both sides 1a1b to form a 2mm groove 3a3b.
- a thin conductive material such as silver paste is formed in the grooves 3a3b to form the poles 7a7b, as shown in Fig. 6B.
- the steps up to this point are the same as those shown in Figs. 4A to 4C.
- the gaps on the thin electrodes 7a 7b to which the U-line 53 is adhered are filled with gaps with conductors 9a 9b.
- FIGS. 7A and 7B are a partially perspective and cross-sectional view showing an electro-optic modulator according to another embodiment of the present invention, and show an electro-optic modulator P of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 7A and 7C.
- a recess 4 a 4 b whose periphery is surrounded by an electro-optical crystal is formed.
- the other structures and operations in which the pit structure is constructed are shown in Figs. 5A and 5B.
- the distance between the pair of m poles 7 aa 7 ba is extremely small, and the pole 7 aa 7 ba is shared with the dielectric 9 aa 9 ba. If the recess 4a 4b formed in the electro-optic crystal 1 as a whole is formed so as to almost completely fill the pit, the thin crystal part between the m pole 7 aa 7 ba and the electrode 7 aa 7 ba Electric body 9 aa 9 ba Because it is entirely covered with the optical crystal 1, it is said that the electric crystal 1 is easy to get loose from the thin electrode 7 aa 7 ba part.
- the crystal structure in the recess 4 a 4 b between the electrodes 7 aa 7 ba is also dug down by cutting or polishing from both sides 1 a 1 b of the raw material.
- the distance d between m poles 7 aa and 7 ba is extremely small because it is formed as
- the end face of the electro-optical crystal 1 between the electrodes 7aa and 7ba is separated from the m-plane of the electro-optical crystal 1 that entirely covers the outside.
- the cut beam 1 2 3 is incident, reflecting the incident surface of the light beam also involves applying a reflective coating to the entire end surface of the electro-optic crystal 1, so that the reflection 3 Ting can be performed extremely easily and reliably
- the thin crystal part between pole 7 a a 7 b a and electrode 7 a a 7 b a is the entire electro-optic crystal or 13 a 9 b a
- the electric field vector generated by the electrodes 7 aa 7 ba Is the direction opposite to the electrode 7 aa 5 ba
- FIGS. 8A to 8D a description will be given of a method of manufacturing the electro-optical modulator constituted by ⁇ shown in FIGS. 7A and 7 ⁇ .
- a conductive material such as silver is exclusively formed in the recesses 4a and 4b to form the m-pole 7aa7ba.
- Glue U lead wire 53 to apply m pressure to electrode 7 aa 7 ba
- the m-optical modulator shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B can be manufactured by the same manufacturing method as the optical device shown in FIGS. 5A and 5 ⁇ ⁇ except that the groove is a concave portion.
- the recesses 4a and 4b formed in the electro-optic crystal do not need to have right angles on each side. ⁇ The slopes and curves as shown in Figs. 9B and 9C described below. You may
- FIG. 9A is a vertical cross-sectional view of the structure of the m-optical modulator of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B as viewed in a direction perpendicular to FIG. 7B, as shown in FIG. Twin electrodes 7 aa
- FIGS. 9B and 9C are longitudinal sectional views showing the structure of the other corners.
- All corners at the bottom of 4 ba are inclined at an obtuse angle, which is larger than the angle 3 ⁇ 4.
- all the corners at the bottom of the recess 4 ab 4 bb are square. In this case, it is possible to form the poles by filling the recesses with conductive material only.
- 10A to 10D are cross-sectional views showing a manufacturing process ⁇ of a magneto-optical device according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- the electro-optic modulators of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 10A to 10D finally have an electro-optic crystal as shown in FIG. 10D.
- Consists of a pair of poles 25a 25b formed on the side of the pair facing each other in the width direction of 21 In order to fabricate such an electro-optic tone, first, as shown in FIG. 10A, the upper surface of the electro-optic crystal 1 is cut as shown in FIG. Or, by polishing or the like, apply an electro-optic crystal to form a pin portion 21 having a predetermined width d or less, for example, 0 • 1 mm or less.
- Electrode 2 because it is formed on the protruding part on electro-optic crystal 1
- Electrode 2 5 a Since the electro-optic crystal between 5a2 and 5b is not easily broken, and the upper surface of the m-optic crystal 1 is formed by adding metal and vapor deposition, the tongue portion 21 is formed. Electrode 2 5 a
- the spot beam 123 is incident from the surface of the electro-optic / fa crystal 1 between the poles 25a and 25b, but is reflected from the incident surface.
- the electro-optic change including the m-plane of the electro-optic crystal 1 that is physically formed under the ⁇ e
- the direction of the electric field vector generated by the poles 25a and 25b in the electro-optical element to be measured is set in the direction perpendicular to the surface facing the poles 25a and 25b.
- FIGS. 12A to 12D are cross-sectional views showing a process X of manufacturing an electro-optic modulator according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 12 A to 12D are cross-sectional views showing a process X of manufacturing an electro-optic modulator according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- an electro-optic crystal 1 of a raw material as shown in FIG. 12A is applied to an electro-optical device as shown in FIG. 12B.
- the pair of electrodes 29a, 2 is made of the metal left on both sides of the UV section 21a by removing only the metal 27 deposited on the UV section 21a by polishing or the like.
- Electrode 29 a In the electro-optical transducer configured as described above, even if the distance between the pair of electrodes 29a and 29b is extremely small, it is similar to the embodiment shown in FIG. 10D. , Electrode 29 a,
- the spot beam 123 is incident from the surface of the optical crystal 1 between the electrodes 25a 25b, but the incident surface of the spot beam is reflected by the reflection tin.
- the direction of the electric field vector generated by the electrodes 29a29b in the electro-optical element is the direction that is it on the surface facing the electrodes 29a29b.
- Fig. 10D In the shape table shown in Fig. 11 and Fig. 12D, the port where the length L is large and the large phase modulation and electric field sensitivity are protected In the case where L is small, that is, the light diffraction effect hinders it.In the case of ⁇ , even if the light is diffracted, there is no light loss because it is emitted from the m-plane of the acousto-optic crystal. In the case where is larger than ⁇ 1, the diffracted light travels in the direction deviating from the part 21 (21a).
- Fig. 10D In the field optics modulator shown in Figs. 11 and 12D, the upper surface of the U-pin 21 (21a) is in contact with the sky, and both sides are in contact with the electrodes. Because they are in contact with each other, reflection does not occur on these surfaces, so light does not leak.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a light incident surface of a ⁇ optical modulator according to a U-edge type embodiment.
- the electro-optic variable P-peripheral element is composed of an electro-optic crystal 61 whose birefringence changes at the mouth of the field, and an electro-optic crystal 6
- a low refractive index medium 62 having a refractive index smaller than that of the low refractive index medium 62.
- the refractive index of the electro-optic crystal 61 is 3, it is preferable that the refractive index of the medium is lower than the refractive index of 6 1 by about 10% or more.
- the difference between the refractive indices of the optical crystal 61 and the low-refractive-index medium 62 is as large as possible.
- Ga's crystal structure 61 is composed of, for example, G a As (gadium arsenide) or In
- 6 3 and the upper surface 6 3 a of the base portion 6 3 are formed to be thin ⁇ (for example, to a thickness d of about 0.1 mm) including the electro-optical crystal 61, and 6 1 a is exposed to the outside air (for example, air), and the top of the base 6 3 is from the opposite side 6 4 a 6 4 b of the U 6 6A, poles 65a, 65b having an L-shaped cross section provided over the upper surface 61a, and the outside air above the upper surface 61a and the low-refractive-index medium 6 are provided. 2 and are configured to sandwich the electro-optic crystal 6 1
- each side 6 4A The L-shaped electrodes 65 a 65 b were crossed over from 6 4 b to the top surface 6 3 a of the base 6 3, so the electrodes 6 5 a 6 5 b were placed on the sides 6 4 a 6 4 respectively.
- the mechanical strength is improved more than the field ⁇ over the base b.
- the light incident from the beam spot VBS of the electro-optical crystal 61 is, for example, an upper surface 6 if the light is diffracted upward (in the positive y direction).
- the light is reflected by the outer surface above 1a and returned to the electro-optic crystal 61.
- the light is diffracted downward (negative y direction) ⁇ , it is reflected by the low refraction medium 62.
- reflection occurs at the electrodes 65a and 65b which are returned into the electro-optic crystal 61, that is, an optical waveguide is formed in the electro-optic and tone of the embodiment table.
- the electro-optic crystal 61 is equivalent to the key of the optical waveguide
- the low-refractive index medium 62 is equivalent to the class and the core of the optical waveguide.
- the electro-optic modulator of the embodiment table when light is confined in the MS optical crystal 61, the length of the 5 ⁇ optical to crystal 61 in the Z direction is lengthened. In this case, it is possible to obtain large phase modulation and electric field sensitivity because the diffracted light can be prevented from leaking.
- the base part 63 is composed of a low-refractive index medium 62 and the U-pin part 64 is composed of an electro-optic crystal 61.
- manufacturing the electro-optical element is easier because the structure is simpler.For example, the base 63 and the lid 64 are separately manufactured. It is easy to form O afterwards. As shown in the center example described later, no projection is formed on the low refractive index medium 62 and the base 63 and the U-shaped part 63 are not formed. 4 ⁇ low probability of damage
- the low refractive index medium in which the lower part of the U-shaped portion 6 is composed of the low refractive index medium 62 is composed of the low refractive index medium 62.
- the refractive index of 62 is not so small as compared with the refractive index of the electro-optic crystal 61, light seeping into the low refractive index medium 62 is relatively large in the case of ⁇ .
- the electric field is applied to the exuded light because the electric field is C3, so that the low-refractive medium 62 constituting the lower part of the tongue portion 64 has the electro-optical effect.
- the electrodes 65 a 65 b are not directly opposed to the exuded light. There is no decline
- the upper part of the base part 6 3 is made of the electro-optic crystal 61, so that the ft optical crystal 61 has a size ⁇ particularly from above. Large throw area
- a photo WO crystal having a periodic structure is a light wavelength order period.
- electro-optics After bonding the crystal crystal 73 and the photo crystal 75 having the periodic structure with the adhesive 77, cut the person.
- Optical modulators may be used together ⁇
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the light incident surface of the aero-optical modulator of another U-shaped embodiment table He *.
- the electro-optic modulator of the embodiment table of FIG. The refractive index differs depending on the original composition ratio based on the type of elements constituting the low refractive index medium and the type of elements constituting the optical crystal. Configuration The encounter and the effect of each example are the same as those of the above-described embodiment. PT / JP2004 / 008384
- the type of element constituting the low-refractive-index medium and the type of element constituting the m-electro-optical crystal are the same.
- the electro-optical crystal can be continuously formed, resulting in a high-refractive-index layer and a low-refractive-index layer. It is possible to obtain a physical electro-optical crystal pp crystal 61 A.
- the electro-optic crystal and the low-refractive index medium are manufactured separately, the production is facilitated.
- the thickness of the optical crystal can be easily adjusted, and the interface between the low-refractive index medium and the electro-optic crystal can be made closer to a theoretical plane. Less light leakage than ⁇
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the light incident surface of the aero-optic pj element of another embodiment of the lin type.
- variable m element is an optical crystal 6
- optical-optical tuning element of the embodiment table is
- the base portion 6 3 and the upper surface 6 3 a of the base portion 6 3 are formed finely including a small amount of the electro-optical crystal 61, and the upper surface 61 a is formed on the upper surface 61 a of the electro-optical crystal 61. U-edge with the outside exposed
- the upper surface 6 is provided with L-shaped poles 6 5 a 6 5 b
- the outer part above 1 a and the adhesive 6 2 a sandwich the electro-optic crystal 61.
- the L-shaped electrode 65 a 65 b was formed from each side surface 64 a 64 b to the upper surface 63 a of the base portion 63, the electrode 6 was formed.
- the electro-optic variable e of the embodiment since the optical waveguide is configured, the light can be confined in the m-optical crystal 61. Therefore, when the length of the electro-optic crystal 61 is set to be longer, it is possible to obtain a large phase ⁇ circumference corresponding to the length and an m-field sense.
- the substrate 62a and the electro-optic crystal 61 can be easily opened by &? ⁇ t with the adhesive 62a.
- the base 6 3 is
- the base portion 63 is formed of the substrate 66, and the lower portion of the fin portion 64 is a compensating agent 62 a
- the effect shown by the example shown in the center and the effect of one mouth J can be obtained in other shaping abilities.
- the base portion 63 is composed of the substrate 66, an adhesive 62 a thereon, and an electro-optic crystal 61 above the base portion 63.
- the optical fl3 ⁇ 4 says
- the BJ-like effect can be obtained with the example shown on the right side in another embodiment.
- the low refractive index medium 6 is placed on the lower surface, which is one of the surfaces along the light path in the electro-optic crystal 61.
- FIGS 17A and 17B show other functions of the V V type.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a method for manufacturing an electro-optic modulation element according to an embodiment.
- an electro-optic crystal 81 having a cavity 81 a formed by a crystal growth process is cut by a ridge. It is possible to construct an electro-optic device with a cavity 81a under the part 81b.
- cavities 81a89 can be filled with air or gas, for example, as a body having a refractive index lower than the refractive index of the electron crystal.
- the electro-optic loop crystal is mainly distorted in a direction perpendicular to the electrode surface, thereby causing frequency flatness. Therefore, an embodiment of reducing the distortion of the electro-optic crystal by using a ⁇ V cross or the like will be described below.
- Figures 18A to 18E show the optical optics vertically mounted on the pedestal 19 ⁇
- Fig. 18A shows the appearance of the coating of the crystals on the crystal.
- Fig. 18A shows both electrodes from the top of the optical crystal 31.
- a risk 37 is formed from the upper surface of the optical crystal 31 to the electrode 33, and the pedestal 1
- FIG. 18C shows a case where 7 foxes 37 are applied so that both electrodes 33 335 are put on the pedestal 19 ⁇ As shown in FIG. The distortion of the optical crystal 31 can be relatively suppressed by fixing it to the pedestal 19 by the screw 37.
- Fig. 18E shows the distance between the upper surface of the electro-optic crystal 31 and the upper m of both electrodes 3 3 3 5 when fixing 5 is fixed. As shown in Fig. 18D, the field n indicating the area where the tips 37 were applied so that
- V-axis The application of the V-axis is to prevent the light beam from being refracted by the axis.
- FIG. 19 shows the case where no gas is applied to the gas-optic crystal
- FIG. As in A from the top surface of the electro-optic crystal 31 to both electrodes 3 3 3 5 and further to the pedestal 1
- 9 is a diagram showing a series of output characteristics as an electric field sensor of a field ⁇ where the user feels 9 hex 3 7.
- the amplitude voltage (output amplitude mm pressure) of the output signal 122 be measured by a flat plate.
- the box 37 is not applied, the area around 590 kHZ and
- FIGS. 20A to 20E are views showing the platform of the y-axis for the gas optics placed laterally on the pedestal 19, and to FIG. Electrode placed on crystal 3 1
- the box 37 is applied to both sides of the crystal 31, and the box 37 is applied so that it also covers the base 19. According to the tlj of o that does not
- FIG. 20B shows a state in which a box 37 is spread from both sides of the optical crystal 31 to the pedestal 19 so as to be felt on the other side of FIG. Since the optical crystal 31 is fixed to both electrodes 3 3 3 5 and also fixed to the pedestal 19, the distortion of the electro-optical crystal 31 can be suppressed relatively reliably.
- 20 D has a box 37 on both sides of the electro-optic crystal 31 from the electrode 33, and furthermore, a pedestal from both sides of the electro-optic crystal 31.
- the box is not coated with Vox B S or Beamspot B S, so that the light beam is prevented from being refracted by 7x.
- FIGS. 21A and 21B are diagrams showing an embodiment in which a so-called H-type electro-optical device is coated with a box.
- the electric bodies 9a and 9b are concretely changed to the boxes 10a and 10b.
- the groove portions 3 a, of the electro-optic crystal 1 placed on the pedestal 19 are replaced.
- 3b has a thin central connection similar to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B.
- the electrodes 7a and 7b are formed sandwiching the portion, the difference from the embodiment shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B is that the remaining grooves are Boxes 10a and 10b are embedded as specific examples of the bodies 9a and 9b.
- the central thin crystal part is the electrode 7a
- the shape H shown in FIG. 21A has the same effect as the shape shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B and the effect of adding the physical strength of the central thin crystal part to the shape shown in FIG. 5A and 5B.
- the entire H-type electro-optical control element including the grooves 3 a 3 b of the electro-optical crystal 1 is covered with the box 10, and the covered V box 10 is used.
- the optical tuning element it is possible to reduce the crystal partial distortion at the center of the book.
- FIGS. 22A to 22C are diagrams showing so-called ridge-type electrodes; s-coating of X-C modulators.
- the y-box 10 was applied to the upper surface of the lid portion 21 including the electrodes of the V-shaped thermo-optical element. According to such an embodiment, the lit portion 21 and the electrodes 25a and 25b can be fixed. Therefore, the distortion of the crystal of the U-pin portion 21 can be suppressed.
- the entire lid 21 and electrodes 25a, 25b of the U-pin type electro-optic modulator shown in Fig. 10D are shown.
- the pin 21 and the electrodes 25a 25b can be fixed even if they are covered with the plexus 10 so that the crystal distortion of the UV part 21 is suppressed.
- FIGS. 22A to 22C it should be noted that which of the modes shown in FIGS. 22A to 22C is to be selected is the same as in the case of FIGS. 18A to 18E ⁇
- FIGS. 22A to 22C it was clarified to cover with a box in the light of FIG. 22C, but it is not limited to the box and may be replaced with another dielectric.
- FIGS. 22A to 22C can be applied to the so-called L-shaped aero-optical device shown in FIG. 12D.
- the solid substance is a crystal lattice.
- an electro-optic modulator with a more frequency characteristic can be obtained, as a result of which the viscous and solidifying property with time is obtained in this embodiment.
- the electrode and the optical crystal have a direction parallel to the direction of the light incident between the pair of electrodes, and each side has a direction parallel to the direction.
- the crystal part to be inserted is configured as a part where the electric field is exposed, and both grooves are filled with the pair of electrodes or with the pair of electrodes and the electric conductor. Therefore, it is not difficult to make the gap between the electrodes extremely thin unless it is easily broken from the thin crystal part between the hair poles.
- the reflection ting is applied to the entire surface of the electro-optic modulation element including the surface of the aero-optic crystal other than the ⁇ and, and the reflection tee is applied only to the surface of the thin crystal part. It is possible to achieve extremely easy or reliable ringing. ⁇ Also, if the thin crystal part is distorted, it has the effect of flattening the frequency characteristics.
- the U-shaped fin portion having a predetermined width or less protruding on the side surface of the base portion is formed as an electro-optic crystal bounding, a thin crystal portion between the electrodes is broken. It is not easy to do so, and it is also difficult to increase the distance between the electrodes consisting of the u-pin to an extremely small value, for example, 0 • 1 mm or less.
- the length of the electro-optical crystal is increased. Even in the case of a comb ⁇ , a large degree of phase modulation can be obtained because the diffracted light can be prevented from leaking.
- the electric body is formed so as to relatively fix the electro-optic crystal and the pair of poles,
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/523,122 US7433111B2 (en) | 2003-06-10 | 2004-06-09 | Electrooptic modulation element |
JP2005506968A JPWO2004111710A1 (ja) | 2003-06-10 | 2004-06-09 | 電気光学変調素子 |
EP04745936A EP1526400A4 (en) | 2003-06-10 | 2004-06-09 | ELECTROOPTICAL MODULATION ELEMENT |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003165497 | 2003-06-10 | ||
JP2003-165497 | 2003-06-10 | ||
JP2003-380434 | 2003-11-10 | ||
JP2003380434 | 2003-11-10 | ||
JP2004111861 | 2004-04-06 | ||
JP2004-111861 | 2004-04-06 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2004111710A1 true WO2004111710A1 (ja) | 2004-12-23 |
Family
ID=33556139
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/JP2004/008384 WO2004111710A1 (ja) | 2003-06-10 | 2004-06-09 | 電気光学変調素子 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7433111B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1526400A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPWO2004111710A1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100765346B1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004111710A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2009047934A (ja) * | 2007-08-20 | 2009-03-05 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | 電気光学素子およびその製造方法 |
JP2009047932A (ja) * | 2007-08-20 | 2009-03-05 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | 電気光学素子およびその製造方法 |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP5332665B2 (ja) | 2009-02-03 | 2013-11-06 | 富士通株式会社 | 光導波路デバイスおよびその製造方法,光変調器,偏波モード分散補償器ならびに光スイッチ |
JP6266813B2 (ja) * | 2015-10-16 | 2018-01-24 | Jx金属株式会社 | 光変調素子および電界センサ |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR100765346B1 (ko) | 2007-10-10 |
US7433111B2 (en) | 2008-10-07 |
JPWO2004111710A1 (ja) | 2006-07-20 |
US20060051019A1 (en) | 2006-03-09 |
KR20060014021A (ko) | 2006-02-14 |
EP1526400A1 (en) | 2005-04-27 |
EP1526400A4 (en) | 2006-07-05 |
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