Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D175/00—Coating compositions based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
  • C09D175/04—Polyurethanes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/08—Processes
  • C08G18/0804—Manufacture of polymers containing ionic or ionogenic groups
  • C08G18/0819—Manufacture of polymers containing ionic or ionogenic groups containing anionic or anionogenic groups
  • C08G18/0823—Manufacture of polymers containing ionic or ionogenic groups containing anionic or anionogenic groups containing carboxylate salt groups or groups forming them
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/08—Processes
  • C08G18/10—Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step
  • C08G18/12—Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step using two or more compounds having active hydrogen in the first polymerisation step
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/65—Low-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen with high-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/66—Compounds of groups C08G18/42, C08G18/48, or C08G18/52
  • C08G18/6633—Compounds of group C08G18/42
  • C08G18/6659—Compounds of group C08G18/42 with compounds of group C08G18/34
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/67—Unsaturated compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/675—Low-molecular-weight compounds
  • C08G18/679—Acetylenic compounds

Definitions

• Aralkylene groups having at least 2, preferably 3 to 20 carbon atoms, wherein the two
• the group -X- is a 1,2-, a 1,3- or a 1,4-alkylene radical of the structure
• IPDI 1-isocyanato-3,3,5-trimethyl-4-isocyanatomethylcyclohexane
• bis (isocyanato-cyano) -hexyl) -methane in particular those which based exclusively on hexamethylene diisocyanate.
• Polyisocyanates belong to the abovementioned criteria corresponding biuret polyisocyanates based on hexamethylene diisocyanate, as can be obtained for example by the methods of US Pat. Nos. 3,124,605, 3,358,010, 3,903,126, 3,903,127 or 3,976,622, and the Mixtures of N, N, N-tris (6-isocyanatohexyl) -biuret with minor amounts of its higher homologs, as well as the said criteria corresponding cyclic trimerates of hexamethylene diisocyanate, as can be obtained according to US-A 4,324,879, and which consist essentially of N, N, N-tris (6-isocyanatohexyl) isocyanurate in admixture with minor amounts of its higher homologs. Particular preference is given to the criteria mentioned corresponding mixtures of uretdione and / or
• the last-mentioned mixtures having a viscosity at 23 0 C 50-20000 mPa-s and a lies between 2.0 and 5.0 NCO Funlctionsko are particularly preferred.
• Hydroxyl-containing components B to D include the low molecular weight polyols having up to about 20 Kohlen ⁇ men per molecule, e.g. Ethylene glycol diethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,2- and 1,3-butylene glycol 1,2- and 1,4-cyclohexanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, 1.6 Hexanediol, bisphenol A (2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane), hydrogenated bisphenol A (2,2-bis (4-hydroxycyclohexyl) propane) and mixtures thereof, and triols trimethylolethane and propane. Preference is given to using diols exclusively or at least predominantly (generally more than 90% by weight, preferably more than 95% by weight).
• the anionogenic compounds D contain at least one, preferably at least two
• Isocyanate-reactive groups such as hydroxyl, amino and mercaptan groups and at least one acid group which forms at least partially neutralization in aqueous solution or dispersion anions.
• Such compounds are described, for example, in US Pat. Nos. 3,412,054 and 3,640,924, as well as DE-OS 26 24442 and 27 44 544, to which reference is made.
• Particularly suitable for this purpose are those polyols, preferably diols, which contain at least one carboxyl group, generally 1 to 3 carboxyl groups per molecule.
• groups capable of forming anions sulfonic acid groups or phosphonic acid groups are also suitable.
• Trimethyloläthan and trimethylolpropane are preferred.
• the component E is used in excess, ie in an amount such that the number of hydroxyl groups in the amount of component E used exceeds that of the remaining isocyanate groups in the prepolymer ABCD.
• the mass fraction of components derived from component E in the polyurethane resin is usually between
• the compounds G are monofunctional compounds reactive with NCO groups, such as
• Mono-amines especially mono-secondary amines, or monoalcohols. Called liier for example: methylamine, ethylamine, n-propylamine, n-butylamine, n-octylamine, laurylamine, stearylamine, isononyloxypropylamine, dimethylamine, diethylamine, di-n- and diisopropylamine, di-n-butylamine, N-methylaminopropylamine, diethyl and dimethylaminopropylamine, morpholine, piperidine, or suitably substituted derivatives thereof, amidoamines of diprimary amines and monocarboxylic acids, and monoketimines of diprimary amines, and primary / tertiary amines, such as N, N-dimethylaminopropylamine.
• the mass fraction of components derived from the component G in the polyurethane resin is usually between 2% and 20%, preferably 3% and 10%, based on the mass of the polyurethane resin.
• the compounds H are the so-called chain extenders.
• the known, reactive with NCO groups and preferably difunctional compounds in Question which are not identical to B, C 5 D, E, F and G and usually have number average molar masses up to 400 g / mol.
• Such polyamines are described for example in DE-Offenlegungsschrift 36 44 371.
• the mass fraction of components derived from the component H in the polyurethane resin is usually between 1% and 10%, preferably 2% and 5%, based on the mass of the polyurethane resin.
• cross-linking agent I diamines Il come into consideration, which during the physical
• the prepolymer should already be of high molecular weight, it preferably has a Staudinger index J 0 of at least 11 crtrVg, preferably at least 13 cmVg and more preferably at least 18 cmVg.
• the preparation of the polyurethane prepolymer in the first step is carried out according to the known methods.
• the polyfunctional isocyanate A is used in excess relative to the polyols B to D, so that a product with free isocyanate groups results.
• These isocyanate groups are terminal and / or pendant, preferably terminal.
• the amount of polyisocyanate A is expediently such that the ratio of the number of isocyanate groups in the amount of component A used to the total number of OH groups in the polyols B to D used is 1.05 to 1.4, preferably 1 , 1 to 1.3.
• the reaction for preparing the prepolymer is normally carried out at temperatures of 55 0 C to 95 Q C, preferably 60 0 C to 75 0 C, depending on the reactivity of the used
• Isocyanate carried out usually without the presence of a catalyst, but preferably in the presence of isocyanate-inactive solvents.
• solvents are considered which are compatible with water, such as the ether mentioned below, ketones and esters and N-methylpyrrolidone.
• the mass fraction of this solvent expediently does not exceed 30%, and is preferably in the range of 5% to 20%, in each case based on the sum of the masses of the polyurethane resin and the solvent. Appropriately, this is the
• Methylpyrrolidone or ketones is reacted to the prepolymer ABFCD.
• the prepolymer ABFCD or its solution is then reacted with compounds according to E and / or G, optionally in admixture with H, the temperature advantageously in the range of 50 0 C to 160 0 C 5, preferably between 70 ° C and
• the mass of G and / or H can be 0% to 90%, preferably 2% to 20%, based on the mass of E.
• a portion of the (non-neutralized) acid groups bound in the thus-prepared polyurethane may optionally be reacted with difunctional acid group-reactive compounds such as diepoxides.
• Neutralizing agent is used.
• the neutralizing agents may also be inorganic bases, such as ammonia or
• the neutralizing agent is usually used in amounts such that the ratio of the molar amount of amine groups or hydroxyl ions formed in aqueous solution to the molar amount of the acid groups of the prepolymer is about 0.3: 1 to 1.3: 1, preferably about 0.5: 1 to 1: 1.
• the polyurethane resin of the invention is suitable as a sole binder or in admixture with other binders such as the usual non-self-crosslinking
• Polyurethane resins or other aqueous physically drying or crosslinked by the addition of curing at room temperature or elevated temperature hardeners binders for the formulation of aqueous coating compositions are generally 5% to 40%, preferably 3 15% to 30%, based on the mass of the whole coating agent.
• the polyurethane resin according to the invention as the sole binder hardener such as polyfunctional isocyanates (curing at room temperature or slightly elevated temperature) to increase in order to increase the cure rate.
• the formulation as a thermosetting one-component binder with amine resins or blocked isocyanates as a hardener is possible and advantageous.
• aqueous coating compositions For the formulation of aqueous coating compositions, the usual auxiliaries and additives of coating technology are incorporated into the aqueous dispersion of the polyurethane resin.
• the coating compositions according to the invention thus obtained are suitable for practically all fields of use in which solvent-based, solvent-free or other aqueous coating and coating systems having an increased property profile are used today, the substrates to be coated being made, for example, of metal, mineral building materials such as lime, cement or Gypsum, fiber-cement building materials, concrete, wood or wood-based materials, paper, asphalt, bitumen, plastics of various kinds, textiles or leather.
• the metallic substrates are preferably in all cases
• Example 1 Polyester diol in a 4 L 3-necked flask with packed column were 322 g of dimer fatty acid (®Pripol 1009), 1199 g of 1,6-hexanediol, 740.4 g of adipic acid, 446.3 g of isophthalic acid and 91.5 g
• Isocyanate groups was less than 0.04%. Then 78.4 g of isophorone diisocyanate were added and kept at 115 to 120 0 C until the mass fraction of free isocyanate groups again at 0.6%. After cooling the resin to 95 ° C, 17.4 g of triethylamine were added and the mixture was stirred for fifteen minutes. With 727 g of deionized water at a temperature of 70 to 80 ° C, the resin was dispersed within about ten minutes. After a stirring period of another ten minutes at 70 to 80 0 C was within ten minutes, a solution of 1.57 g of ethylenediamine in
• Example 5 self-crosslinking polycarbonate urethane dispersion
• a finely divided dispersion (particle size about 66 nm) with a solids content of 41%, an acid number of about 7.4 mg / g, an amine value of approx 6.4 mg / g, a dynamic viscosity of about 840 mPa.s and a pH of 7.8, measured on a dispersion with a solids content of 10%.
• polyesterurethane dispersion was prepared which was grafted with ketone group-containing acrylic monomers and also contained adipic dihydrazide as crosslinking agent:
• Example 7 (Comparative) 232.0 g of a polyester prepared from hexanediol 1, 6, isophthalic acid and adipic acid, having a hydroxyl number of 88 mg / g and an acid number below 2 mg / g were mixed with 23.0 g of dimethylolpropionic acid, 10.9 g of hexanediol-l, 6 and 82.8 g of N-methylpyrrolidone-2 heated to 90 0 C. Subsequently, 73.9 g of isophorone diisocyanate were added over a period of 25 to 30 minutes with stirring.
• the resulting polyurethane-acrylic hybrid dispersion was cooled to room temperature (23 ° C) and filtered through a 5 ⁇ m filter cloth. Then, 8.2 g of adipic dihydrazide dissolved in 100 g of water was added with stirring. The dispersion had a solids content of 36% and a pH of 7.5.
• Tack-free time Determination as the time after application of the paint, from which there is no trace left with a dry, clean fingertip when lightly applied to the paint surface.
• RT Room temperature (20 ° C)
• DI water fully demineralized water
• Movie: i.O. means that with the unaided eye no irregularity such as specks, turbidity, etc. were recognizable

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
• Paints Or Removers (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

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• 2003
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