WO2004108873A1 - 脂肪酸エステル組成物の製造方法 - Google Patents
脂肪酸エステル組成物の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004108873A1 WO2004108873A1 PCT/JP2004/007835 JP2004007835W WO2004108873A1 WO 2004108873 A1 WO2004108873 A1 WO 2004108873A1 JP 2004007835 W JP2004007835 W JP 2004007835W WO 2004108873 A1 WO2004108873 A1 WO 2004108873A1
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- fatty acid
- acid ester
- alcohol
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- reaction
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
- C11C3/003—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by esterification of fatty acids with alcohols
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
- C10L1/026—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for compression ignition
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C1/00—Preparation of fatty acids from fats, fatty oils, or waxes; Refining the fatty acids
- C11C1/02—Preparation of fatty acids from fats, fatty oils, or waxes; Refining the fatty acids from fats or fatty oils
- C11C1/025—Preparation of fatty acids from fats, fatty oils, or waxes; Refining the fatty acids from fats or fatty oils by saponification and release of fatty acids
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for producing a fatty acid ester composition by reacting a fat or oil with an alcohol.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-204392
- the supercritical alcohol method has an advantage that the problem of the method using an alkali catalyst or an acid catalyst can be solved, the fatty acid glyceride is converted into a fatty acid ester.
- the transesterification reaction of monoglyceride, an intermediate product formed in the process is a rate-determining step, and has a disadvantage that the reaction rate is not high.
- fatty acid glycerides contained in fats and oils are mainly triglycerides, and diglycerides and monoglycerides are produced as intermediate products during the transesterification reaction with alcohols.
- the transesterification reaction of monoglycerides is the rate-determining step. It becomes.
- reaction rate of the transesterification reaction between tridali ceride and alcohol is smaller than the reaction rate of the esterification reaction between fatty acid and alcohol, and there are considerable problems in practical use. Furthermore, in the conventional supercritical alcohol method, particularly in the anhydrous supercritical alcohol method in which water is removed from oils and fats as much as possible, monoesterification often remains unreacted because the transesterification reaction is the main reaction.
- the transesterification reaction of monoglyceride is a rate-determining step
- a reaction condition of high temperature and high pressure for example, about 350 ° C, about 40 MPa is required to reduce the residual amount of monoglyceride.
- the fatty acid ester composition when used as a diesel fuel, particularly as a biodiesel fuel, the amount of total glycerin contained therein must be considered as an important factor influencing the quality of the biodiesel fuel. Must. In practice, increasing the total glycerin content should not produce gels or gums that could clog filters in internal combustion engines. This is because any problems arise.
- the present invention provides a fatty acid ester composition in a relatively short reaction time under a relatively mild reaction condition, in which the total glycerin amount Gs conforms to the biodiesel fuel standard and in a shorter time and with a higher yield. It is an object to provide a manufacturing method 'apparatus.
- a representative configuration according to the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problem is a method for producing a fatty acid ester composition by reacting an oil or fat with an alcohol, wherein the oil or fat containing fatty acid glyceride is mixed with water.
- a first step of producing fatty acids by co-existing and reacting in a subcritical state or a supercritical state a water removal step of roughly removing water from the first step reaction product after the first step, and a residual step in the water removal step.
- a second step of producing a fatty acid ester by reacting in a subcritical state or a supercritical state.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a fatty acid ester composition by reacting fats and oils with alcohols, wherein fats and oils containing fatty acid glycerides coexist with water, and fatty acids are reacted by reaction in a subcritical state or a supercritical state.
- the temperature condition and the pressure condition in the first step are substantially the same as the temperature condition and the pressure condition in the second step.
- the production method of the present invention for example, as compared with the reaction conditions of the supercritical alcohol method mainly involving transesterification (for example, about 350 ° C and about 40 MPa as described above), Under relatively low temperature conditions of 50 ° C to 100 ° C and pressure conditions of about 20MPa to 30MPa, these are used to promote the hydrolysis and esterification reactions. Requires very little energy. In particular, when the temperature and / or pressure is maintained in the second step, the temperature is not lowered to room temperature or normal pressure, so that the production method is more economical. Furthermore, it was confirmed that under the relatively mild reaction conditions, the above-mentioned thermal denaturation of the unsaturated fatty acid ester did not occur.
- the transesterification reaction is not the main reaction, it is possible to sufficiently suppress the residual amount of monoglyceride' diglyceride unreacted fatty acid glyceride, which is an intermediate product. It is possible and therefore it is possible to adapt the total glycerin content to the biodiesel fuel standard.
- the fatty acid glyceride is positively converted to a fatty acid by a hydrolysis reaction, and further, the fatty acid is obtained by esterification reaction between the fatty acid and a free fatty acid in fats and oils with an alcohol. Therefore, compared to the conventional supercritical alcohol method, Very high yield, equal to or higher.
- the fatty acid ester can be prepared in a shorter time under milder reaction conditions than the conventional supercritical alcohol method. It is possible to obtain a composition.
- FIG. 1 is a reaction formula in a method for producing a fatty acid ester composition of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a manufacturing method according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is an example of an apparatus configuration of a manufacturing apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a manufacturing method according to a second embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a device configuration example of a manufacturing device in a second embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of a reference example in which the compositions of organic media are compared.
- the fats and oils in the present invention widely refer to fats and oils such as animal oils and fats, vegetable oils and fats. And waste oils and fats after their use. It should be noted that oils are liquid at room temperature and oils are solid at room temperature, and oils and fats are a generic term for these.
- Animal fats and vegetable fats include sardine oil, sword oil, tuna oil, tallow, lard, sunflower oil, safflower oil, tung oil, linseed oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, cottonseed oil, olive oil, camellia oil, coconut oil, palm oil , Palm kernel oil, sesame oil and the like.
- waste fats and oils include waste oils obtained after the exemplified animal fats and vegetable fats and oils have been used as trape oil. Further, a mixture of two or more of these forces, butter, margarine and the like may be used.
- Fats and oils are rich in fatty acid glycerides.
- natural fats and oils are mixtures of esters (fatty acid glycerides) of glycerin, a trihydric alcohol, and fatty acids, various monocarboxylic acids.
- fatty acid glycerides are classified into the above-mentioned monoglycerides (MG), diglycerides (DG), and triglycerides (TG) according to the number of the three hydroxyl groups of glycerin substituted by the same or different functional groups.
- Examples of the fatty acid include unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linoleic acid, such as saturated fatty acids such as capryprilic acid, lauric acid, norremitic acid, and stearic acid.
- unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linoleic acid
- saturated fatty acids such as capryprilic acid, lauric acid, norremitic acid, and stearic acid.
- the type of fatty acid ester-linked to glycerin differs depending on the fat or oil.
- the alcohol used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be any of a monohydric alcohol, a dihydric alcohol, and a trihydric alcohol. In general, it is preferable to use a monohydric alcohol from the viewpoint of the reaction rate, the yield of the fatty acid ester, and the like, while the alcohol having a small number of carbon atoms is more preferable. Examples include methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol and 1-octanol. The lower alcohol exemplified here is, of course, not a saturated monohydric alcohol, and is not intended to be limited to a saturated alcohol. Unsaturated monohydric or unsaturated polyhydric alcohols are acceptable.
- FIG. 1 shows a reaction formula in the method for producing a fatty acid ester composition of the present invention
- FIG. 2 shows a flowchart of the production method in the present embodiment
- FIG. 1 shows an example of an apparatus configuration of a manufacturing apparatus in a state.
- the above-mentioned fats and oils and water are coexistently accommodated in a reactor.
- fats and oils must be made into a single kind, not fats.
- sardine oil may be a mixture of rapeseed oil, beef tallow, etc., which is not a single kind of sardine oil.
- Coexisting with water implies both active and passive coexistence.
- the active coexistence means that water is actively added separately from fats and oils.
- passive coexistence means that water contained in fats and oils is not removed.
- fats and oils particularly natural fats and oils
- used sesame oil after use which is waste fats and oils
- water contained in the foodstuffs used as the material for the sesame.
- waste oils and fats contain a considerable amount of water.
- water and “water” are used synonymously unless otherwise specified. Strictly speaking, “water” is still water as a substance, and “moisture” is still water, which is the water contained in an object.
- the state of the reactor is changed from the housed state to the subcritical state or the supercritical state.
- the subcritical state or supercritical state refers to a state for water. Preferably, it transitions to a subcritical state for water.
- high temperature and high pressure near the critical point critical temperature of water is about 374 ° C and critical pressure is about 22.
- IMPa Means the state. Therefore, for example, heating and pressing are performed at about 300 ° C. and about 17 MPa.
- oils and fats and water are first stored in the reactor and then heating and pressurization are described, but this is not necessarily the case.
- they may be heated and pressurized to a subcritical state or a supercritical state or a state close to these, and then stored in the reactor.
- the hydrolysis reaction of the fatty acid glyceride contained in the fats and oils with water proceeds, and the fatty acid is generated. Specifically, the reaction shown in FIG. 1 (a) proceeds.
- R attached with a number represents a hydrocarbon group. This reaction has a significantly higher reaction rate than the transesterification reaction under the same conditions.
- the temperature of the first-step reactant that has passed through the first step (the first-step reactant mainly contains a fatty acid according to the reaction formula shown) is lowered.
- the temperature condition does not need to be lowered to room temperature. Rather, it is preferable not to lower the temperature to room temperature. Because it is necessary to change the state to the supercritical state (or subcritical state) in the subsequent second step described later, the first step is to heat to the subcritical state, and in the water removal step, it is cooled to room temperature, Furthermore, in the second step, the reheating to the supercritical state is because it is uneconomic from the viewpoint of energy economy such as electric power supplied to the operation of the devices in each step.
- the water removal step water is removed at a lower temperature than in the first step. That is, the liquid is separated into a light liquid containing fatty acids and a heavy liquid containing water by decantation, for example, and the aqueous phase, which is a heavy liquid, is removed.
- This aqueous phase contains glycerin dissolved in water. Therefore, by removing the aqueous phase, the residual phase (light liquid), which is the residue of the water removal step, mainly contains high fatty acids.
- the decantation is used, but there is no particular limitation as long as the method can separate the fatty acid and water generated in the first step.
- this draining step it is not necessary to change the pressure conditions. Of course, this does not preclude lowering the pressure to, for example, normal pressure, but it is necessary to transition the state to a supercritical state (or subcritical state) in the second step described below. Pressurizing to a subcritical state, depressurizing to normal pressure in the water draining step, and repressurizing to the supercritical state in the second step is the energy economy such as electric power input to the operation of equipment in each step Because it is uneconomical from the viewpoint of
- the temperature condition is preferably 50 350 ° C and the pressure condition is preferably 0.2 MPa 45 MPa. More preferably, the temperature condition is 100 ° C 300 ° C, the pressure condition is 5MPa 30MPa, and still more preferably, the temperature condition is 120 ° C 200 ° C, pressure condition is about lOMPa-22MPa.
- the state is further transited to a subcritical state or a supercritical state to progress the reaction.
- the subcritical state or supercritical state refers to a state for alcohol.
- the transition is made to a supercritical state for the alcohol.
- the critical temperature is about 239 ° C and the critical pressure is about 8. IMPa. Therefore, heating and pressurizing are performed at about 270 ° C to 300 ° C and about 1 OMPa-17MPa.
- the esterification reaction of the alcohol added with the fatty acid highly contained in the residue of the water removal step and the esterification of the free fatty acid contained in the fats and oils with the added alcohol are carried out.
- the reaction proceeds to produce fatty acid esters. Specifically, the reaction shown in FIG. 1 (b) proceeds. Furthermore, even if diglyceride-monoglyceride is contained in trace amounts in the residue of the water removal step as an intermediate product, they are converted into fatty acid esters by the esterification reaction with methanol.
- the quantitative ratio of the fats and oils to water and alcohol is preferably 1 to 1000 moles of water per 1 mole of the fatty acid glyceride contained in the fats and oils in the first step.
- the amount of water is preferably as large as possible. And since most of this water is removed in the draining process, there is no particular effect on the second process due to the large amount of water. However, it is not advisable to increase the amount of water unnecessarily from the viewpoint of miniaturization and cost performance of the apparatus for implementing the manufacturing method of the present invention. Therefore, the amount of water is preferably about 3 to 1000 mol per mol of the fatty acid glyceride.
- the amount of alcohol in the second step is preferably 3200 mol per 1 mol of fatty acid glyceride contained in fats and oils.
- the apparatus for performing the production method of the present embodiment is also reduced in size and cost performance. It is not wise to increase alcohol unnecessarily from the point of view. In the production method of the present invention, about 3 to 200 mol of alcohol is required and sufficient for 1 mol of fatty acid dalyceride.
- the reaction treatment time in the first step and / or the second step is the above-mentioned temperature- Under pressure conditions, between about 1 minute and about 10 hours is preferred. More preferably, it is about 1 minute to 3 hours, and still more preferably, about 1 minute to 1 hour.
- the reaction time usually varies depending on the type of fats and oils and alcohols and the temperature and pressure conditions, and therefore can be changed as appropriate. Exclude the case where the reaction time is 10 hours or more. Not something.
- reaction product in the second step after the second step is purified (removal of dalyserin generated as shown in the above reaction formula, water remaining in the water removal step, alcohol added in the second step, and the like).
- a fatty acid ester composition containing a high content of fatty acid ester there is no particular limitation on the purification method, for example, a method such as decantation or distillation.
- the fatty acid ester composition produced by the production method of the present embodiment contains a high content of fatty acid ester
- the total glycerin amount is set to be equal to or less than the upper limit of the biodiesel fuel standard in the EU and the United States. It is possible to use it as a biodiesel fuel.
- the apparatus for producing a fatty acid ester composition by the above-described production method produces fatty acids by a reaction in a subcritical state or a supercritical state in which oils and fats containing fatty acid glycerides coexist with water.
- a second processing apparatus 13 is provided that obtains a fatty acid ester by adding alcohol and reacting in a subcritical state or a supercritical state.
- the first treatment device 11, the water removal treatment device 12, and the second treatment device 13 are not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a heat-resistant pressure-resistant tank, a tubular reactor, or the like.
- the first treatment device 11 and the second treatment device 13 are used in a subcritical state or a supercritical state of water and Z or an alcohol, it is preferable that they have appropriate resistance.
- the drainage treatment device 12 there is no particular limitation, for example, a flasher, a decanter, an evaporator, or the like can be used. Further, for example, by providing a separation device such as the evaporator 15, the water removed by the water removal treatment device 12 may be separated into water and glycerin.
- a purification device 14 for purifying the fatty acid ester composition by roughly removing alcohol and / or moisture from the reaction product generated in the second treatment device 13 may be provided. .
- a purification device 14 for example, a flasher, a distillation device, or the like can be used.
- a heating device that can heat and pressurize the first processing device 11 and the second processing device 13 to a subcritical state or a supercritical state of water and / or alcohol.
- a temperature control device and / or a pressure control device capable of performing appropriate temperature control and pressure control as well as heating and pressing.
- Such a temperature control device and a pressure control device may be additionally provided in the drainage treatment device 12.
- the apparatus may be provided with a preheating apparatus capable of heating oils and fats, water, and alcohol to a temperature equal to or close to the temperature condition of the first processing apparatus 11 and / or the second processing apparatus 13 in advance. Les ,. This is economical because it is possible to eliminate waste such as lowering the temperature of the reactant and reheating. Further, a precompression device capable of pressurizing oils and fats, water, and alcohol to a pressure equal to or close to the pressure condition of the first treatment device 11 and / or the second treatment device 13 in advance may be provided.
- the raw materials such as fats and oils, water, and alcohol are heated and pressurized in advance to a subcritical state or a supercritical state or a state close to them, and then continuously subjected to the first pressure.
- the fatty acid ester composition is suitable for efficient production.
- the reactant generated in the first processing apparatus 11 is also possible to process the reactant generated in the first processing apparatus 11 with a preheating / preloading apparatus. That is, for example, even when each of the first treatment device 11, the water removal treatment device 12, and the second treatment device 13 is provided with a temperature control device and a pressure control device, in the case of the oils and fats, water, alcohol, and the first treatment device 11,
- the device configuration may be such that the generated reactant is heated and pressurized by a preheating / preloading device.
- the supply devices a, b, and c capable of continuously supplying fats and oils, water, and alcohol. Fatty acids, water, and alcohol are appropriately preheated from the supply devices a , b, and c to the precompression device, the first treatment device 11, and the second treatment device 13, so that a fatty acid ester composition is continuously obtained. It becomes possible.
- the supply devices a, b, and c are provided with adjusting valves such as valves that can adjust the amount of supply from the supply devices a, b, and c. It may be provided with a supply amount control device capable of controlling the supply amount separately from the supply devices a, b, and c.
- oils and fats and water are continuously supplied from the supply devices b and c, respectively, to a preheating device (not shown).
- the fats and oils and water are heated and pressurized by the preheating / preloading device until the temperature and pressure conditions in the first processing device 11, respectively, and then sent to the first processing device 11.
- the hydrolysis reaction between oils and fats and water proceeds, and fatty acids and dalyserin are obtained.
- the reactant generated in the first treatment device 11 is sent to a water removal treatment device 12 to remove water. At this time, glycerin is also removed as described above. Then, the reaction product that has passed through the water removal treatment device 12 is fed into the second treatment device 13 after being heated and pressurized as necessary.
- the alcohol is continuously sent to a preheating / preloading device (not shown) by the supply device a, and heated and pressurized to the temperature and pressure conditions in the second processing device 13. Sent to.
- the esterification reaction between the fatty acid and the alcohol proceeds, and a fatty acid ester is obtained.
- the reaction product containing the obtained fatty acid ester and passing through the second treatment device 13 is appropriately fed to a purification device 14 such as a distillation device to remove alcohol, moisture, etc., so that the fatty acid ester is highly contained.
- the resulting fatty acid ester composition is obtained.
- FIG. 1 shows a reaction formula in the method for producing a fatty acid ester composition of the present invention
- FIG. 4 shows a flowchart of the production method in the present embodiment
- FIG. 5 shows an example of an apparatus configuration of a production apparatus in the present embodiment.
- the manufacturing method of the present embodiment will be specifically described.
- the above-mentioned fats and oils and water are coexistently accommodated in a reactor. Then, by heating and pressurizing the reactor in which oils and fats coexist with water, the state of the reactor is changed from the state in which it is contained to the subcritical state or the supercritical state.
- the hydrolysis reaction between the fatty acid glyceride contained in the fats and oils and water proceeds under such conditions to produce fatty acids. Specifically, the reaction shown in FIG. 1 (a) proceeds.
- the reaction product of the first step after the first step (as shown in the reaction formula shown in the figure, the reaction product of the first step mainly contains fatty acid glycerin, and further contains water, intermediate product The product contains a small amount of monoglyceride, etc.) and alcohol.
- the reaction proceeds in a subcritical state or a supercritical state.
- the subcritical state or supercritical state refers to the state of the added alcohol.
- a supercritical state is established for the added alcohol.
- the temperature condition and the pressure condition in the first step and / or the second step it is preferable that the temperature condition is 200 ° C to 400 ° C and the pressure condition is 2MPa to 45MPa. More preferably, the temperature condition is 240 ° C to 380 ° C, and the pressure condition is 7MPa to 30MPa. More preferably, the temperature condition is 250 ° C to 300 ° C, and the pressure condition is about 8MPa to 22MPa.
- the reaction conditions are approximately the same. This is because the manufacturing method of the present embodiment does not perform the dehydration treatment between the first step and the second step.Furthermore, there is a difference in the critical temperature and critical pressure between water and alcohol. Focusing on this, the temperature condition and the pressure condition in the first step and the second step can be set more preferably. In other words, the temperature and pressure conditions in the first and second steps are approximately the same as the temperature and pressure conditions under which the water becomes a subcritical state and the alcohol becomes a supercritical state.
- the critical temperature of methanol is about 239 ° C and the critical pressure is about 8.
- the critical temperature of water is about 374 ° C. Since the pressure is about 22.
- IMPa set the temperature condition in the first and second steps between about 239 ° C and about 374 ° C, and the pressure condition from about 8 MPa to about 22 MPa. Is preferred.
- the amount of water is preferably as large as possible. However, it is not advisable to increase the amount of water unnecessarily from the viewpoint of miniaturization and cost performance of the apparatus for performing the manufacturing method of the present embodiment.
- the amount of water is preferably about 3 to 200 mol per 1 mol of the fatty acid dalyceride.
- the amount of alcohol in the second step is preferably 3200 mol per 1 mol of fatty acid glyceride contained in fats and oils.
- the amount of alcohol is larger, but from the viewpoint of reducing the size of the apparatus for performing the production method of the present embodiment and reducing cost performance. It is not wise to use alcohol unnecessarily.
- about 3-200 mol of alcohol is necessary and sufficient for 1 mol of fatty acid glyceride.
- the reaction treatment time in the first step and / or the second step is preferably between about 1 minute and about 10 hours under the above-described temperature and pressure conditions. More preferably, it is about 1 minute to 3 hours, and still more preferably, about 1 minute to 1 hour.
- this reaction treatment time usually varies depending on the type of fats and oils, alcohols, and temperature and pressure conditions, and thus can be changed as appropriate, and does not exclude the case where the reaction treatment time is 10 hours or more.
- R and a number-added R represent a hydrocarbon group, and ROH may be a monohydric alcohol or an unsaturated and saturated polyhydric alcohol.
- the fatty acid ester can be increased.
- the resulting fatty acid ester composition is obtained.
- the purification method such as decantation or distillation.
- the alcohol can be separated by evaporation by distillation. Since glycerin has any solubility in water, decantation can separate glycerin together with water in the second step reaction.
- the fatty acid ester composition produced by the production method of the present embodiment contains a high content of fatty acid ester, it is possible to make the total glycerin amount equal to or less than the upper limit of the biodiesel fuel standard. Useful as a diesel fuel.
- the fatty acid ester composition produced by the production method of the present embodiment is used as a diesel fuel, it is required to be practically suitable for use in cold regions. This is because, in a low temperature condition such as a cold region, if the diesel fuel solidifies or loses its fluidity, clogging of an internal combustion engine system filter and malfunction of ignition occur.
- the freezing point generally tends to decrease as the length of the hydrocarbon group derived from alcohol becomes longer. That is, the alcohol added in the second step is preferably an alcohol having a large number of carbon atoms.
- the reaction rate of the transesterification reaction is reduced, and the method using a conventional alkali catalyst or an acid catalyst or the conventional method described above is used.
- a practical problem arises in a typical (critical transesterification) supercritical alcohol method.
- the production method according to the present embodiment obtains a fatty acid ester (composition) through the hydrolysis reaction and the esterification reaction, as described above. Since the reaction rate is higher than the reaction, it is particularly effective when an alcohol having a large number of carbon atoms is used.
- the production method of the present embodiment is characterized in that the reaction proceeds without using a catalyst under the condition of a subcritical or supercritical state, but it is not necessary to exclude the use of a catalyst.
- a catalyst e.g., an alkali catalyst or an acid catalyst, or an enzyme catalyst such as lipase phosphpholipase A2, which is an enzyme for decomposing fats and oils, may be used.
- an apparatus for producing a fatty acid ester composition by the above-described production method causes fatty acids containing fatty acid glycerides to coexist with water and to produce fatty acids by a reaction in a subcritical state or a supercritical state.
- a first processing apparatus 1 that performs the reaction in a subcritical state or a supercritical state by adding an alcohol to a reaction product generated in the first processing apparatus 1 to generate a fatty acid ester. It is.
- the first processing device 1 and the second processing device 2 there is no need to perform a step of substantially removing water from the reactant generated in the first processing device 1, so that the first processing device 1 and the second processing device 2 There is no need to install a moisture removal device between them.
- the first processing apparatus 1 and the second processing apparatus 2 are not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a heat-resistant pressure-resistant tank, a tubular reactor, or the like. Since the first treatment device 1 and the second treatment device 2 are used in a subcritical state or a supercritical state of water and / or alcohol, it is preferable that they have appropriate resistance.
- a purification device for purifying the fatty acid ester composition by removing alcohol and / or moisture from the reaction product generated in the second treatment device 2 may be provided.
- a purification device for example, a flasher, a decanter, an evaporator, or the like can be used.
- alcohol and water are volatilized from the reaction product generated in the second processing apparatus 2 by the flasher 4, and then water containing glycerin is removed by the decanter 5. Furthermore, the alcohol / water remaining in the distillation device 6 is sufficiently removed to obtain a fatty acid ester composition.
- the water removed in the decanter 5 is separated into water and glycerin.
- a separate separation device for example, an evaporator 7 may be provided.
- a heating device and a pressurizing device that can heat and pressurize the first processing device 1 and the second processing device 2 to a subcritical state or a supercritical state of water and / or alcohol.
- a temperature control device and / or a pressure control device capable of performing appropriate temperature control and pressure control as well as heating and pressing.
- the alcohol to be added is heated in advance to the temperature condition in the second processing apparatus 2. Since it is possible to eliminate waste such as lowering the temperature of the reactants and reheating, oils, fats, water, and alcohol are heated in advance to a temperature similar to or close to the temperature conditions of the first processing unit 1 and the second processing unit 2. It may be provided with a possible preheating device. Further, a pre-pressurizing device may be provided which can pressurize oils, fats, water and alcohol to a pressure equal to or close to the pressure condition of the first processing device 1 and the second processing device 2 in advance.
- the raw materials such as fats, oils, water, and alcohol are heated and pressurized in advance to a subcritical state or supercritical state or a state close to them, and then the first By feeding into the processing apparatus 1 and the second processing apparatus 2, it becomes suitable for efficient production of the fatty acid ester composition.
- the first processing apparatus 1 and the second processing apparatus 2 may be the same reactor.
- the reaction conditions of the first processing apparatus 1 and the second processing apparatus 2 are almost the same, and between the first step and the second step, the reaction conditions are generated in the first step. Since alcohol is added to the reaction product, an operation such as transferring the reaction product generated in the first step to another device is not required. Therefore, as a manufacturing apparatus, the first process is performed in this reactor as a reactor which is the same device without distinguishing the first processing device 1 and the second processing device 2, and subsequently, the reactor is subjected to the first process.
- the second step may be performed by adding alcohol.
- the processing apparatus may be a single reactor including a first processing section corresponding to the first processing apparatus and a second processing section corresponding to the second processing apparatus.
- the same reactor is not only a physical entity whose function is to perform batch processing, but also has the same reactor as the physical entity but has the first process processing unit and the The function may be to perform a flow process approximately by having a two-step processing unit.
- a processing apparatus as the same reactor including a first processing section corresponding to the first processing apparatus and a second processing section corresponding to the second processing apparatus is suitable for continuous production of the fatty acid ester composition. It is. This makes it possible to reduce the number of devices and reduce the size of the fatty acid ester composition manufacturing device.
- the fatty acid ester composition is continuously produced, it is preferable to provide supply devices a, b, and c capable of continuously supplying fats and oils, water, and alcohol. Fatty acids, water, and alcohol are appropriately preheated from the supply devices a , b, and c to the precompression device, the first treatment device 1, and the second treatment device 2 to continuously obtain a fatty acid ester composition. It becomes possible.
- the supply devices a, b, and c may be provided with an adjusting valve such as a valve capable of adjusting the supply amount from the supply devices a, b, and c, or the supply devices a, b, and c Separately, a device provided with a supply amount control device capable of controlling the supply amount may be used.
- oils and fats and water are continuously supplied from supply devices b and c, respectively, to a preheating device (not shown).
- the fats and oils and water are sent to the first treatment device 1 after being preheated * heated by the preload device * pressurized until the temperature and pressure conditions in the first treatment device 1 respectively.
- the reactant generated in the first processing device 1 is sent to the second processing device 2.
- the alcohol is continuously sent to the preheating / preloading device (not shown) by the supply device a , and is heated to the temperature and pressure conditions in the second processing device 2 and then sent to the second processing device 2 after being pressurized. .
- the esterification reaction between the fatty acid and the alcohol proceeds, and a fatty acid ester is obtained (see Fig. 1 (b)). Then, the reaction product containing the obtained fatty acid ester through the second treatment device 2 is appropriately fed to a purification device such as a distillation device 6 to remove alcohol, moisture and the like, thereby containing a high content of fatty acid ester. A fatty acid ester composition is obtained.
- a purification device such as a distillation device 6 to remove alcohol, moisture and the like, thereby containing a high content of fatty acid ester.
- a fatty acid ester composition is obtained.
- the production method 'apparatus of the present embodiment compared to the reaction conditions (for example, about 350 ° C and about 40MPa, as described above) of the supercritical alcohol method in which the transesterification reaction is the main reaction.
- a relatively mild reaction condition such as a temperature condition of about 50-100 ° C and a pressure condition of about 20MPa-30MPa, may be used to promote the hydrolysis reaction and the esterification reaction.
- Energy ie, power for operating the preheating device, the device that heats and cools the first and / or second treatment device, and the device that pressurizes and decompresses it, is considerably less. Do it.
- the temperature is not lowered to room temperature and / or normal pressure, so that the production method is more economical.
- the transesterification reaction is not the main reaction, it is possible to sufficiently suppress the residual amount of monoglyceride' diglyceride, an unreacted fatty acid glyceride, which is an intermediate product. It is therefore possible to adapt the total glycerin level to the biodiesel standards in the EU and the United States.
- fatty acid glycerides are positively converted into fatty acids by a hydrolysis reaction, and furthermore, the fatty acids and the free fatty acids in the fats and oils undergo an esterification reaction with alcohol to obtain fatty acid esters. The yield is very high, equivalent to or better than the conventional supercritical alcohol method.
- the fatty acid can be prepared in a shorter time under milder reaction conditions than the conventional supercritical alcohol method. It is possible to obtain an ester composition.
- Example 1 As Example 1, an example using a method (two-step method) corresponding to the above-described first embodiment will be described.
- the reaction product obtained in the first step is cooled to a temperature of 150 ° C and transferred to a decanter (water drainage treatment device 12).
- the liquid is separated into a heavy liquid mainly containing water, and a light liquid mainly containing fatty acids is transferred to the next second treatment device 13.
- the fatty acid ester-containing composition obtained in the second step is separated into a fatty acid ester composition and a water-methanol-glycerin-containing composition by, for example, a purifying apparatus 14 in a purification step.
- the yield of the resulting fatty acid ester composition (fatty acid ester composition / triglyceride in the raw material) is 93%, and the total glycerin (Gs) is 0.18%, which satisfies biodiesel fuel standards in the EU and the United States. Was something.
- Comparative Example 1 an example in which a conventional method (one-step method) is performed at a reaction temperature of 350 ° C is shown.
- raw materials 1. Okg of rapeseed oil and 4.7 kg of methanol were reacted at 350 ° C and 20 MPa for about 10 minutes.
- the yield of the resulting fatty acid ester composition (fatty acid ester composition / triglyceride in the raw material) is 96%, the total glycerin content (Gs) is 0.25%, and the biodiesel fuel standards in the EU and the United States are met. It was at last fulfilling.
- Example 2 is an example using a method (two-step method) corresponding to the above-described second embodiment. Show.
- the fatty acid ester-containing composition obtained in the second step is passed through the flasher 4 and transferred to the decanter 5 from the bottom of the flasher 4. Alternatively, transfer directly to decanter 5 without passing through flasher 4.
- the decanter 5 separates the light liquid mainly containing fatty acid ester and the heavy liquid mainly containing water-glycerin, and the light liquid mainly containing fatty acid ester is subjected to, for example, distillation in the next purification step.
- the fatty acid ester composition and the water-containing methanol composition were separated.
- the yield of the resulting fatty acid ester composition (fatty acid ester composition / triglyceride in the raw material) is 93% and the total glycerin content (Gs) is 0.22%, which meets the biodiesel fuel standards in the EU and the United States. It was a fulfillment.
- the water-containing methanol composition generated in this purification step is mixed with the water-containing methanol composition discharged from the upper portion of the flasher 4, and after removing water, the methanol is returned to the second step. May be reused.
- the water 'glycerin-containing composition discharged from the bottom of the decanter 5 is separated into water and glycerin in the next evaporator 7, and the water is converted into water for the first step (hydrolysis reaction) as follows. It may be used for the reaction.
- the processing apparatus since the reaction is performed at a high temperature of 350 ° C., the processing apparatus has a higher heat resistance and resistance to heat than the processing apparatus of the embodiment which can perform the reaction at a low temperature of 270 ° C. Expensive materials with excellent corrosiveness must be used. There is a problem that it is inferior.
- fatty acid esters obtained at high temperatures are highly likely to undergo thermal denaturation.
- the fluidity of the fatty acid ester decreases.
- fatty acid esters obtained at high temperatures are highly likely to undergo structural transformation due to thermal denaturation as shown in Reference Example (FIG. 6).
- the structural transition (isomerization) due to thermal denaturation as shown in the reference example (Fig. 6) occurs, the melting point of the fatty acid ester increases. Therefore, when a fatty acid ester obtained at a high temperature is used as a fuel, the fluidity of the fuel may be insufficient particularly in a low temperature situation such as in winter.
- the fuel filter and the fuel nozzle are easily clogged, and unburned carbon adheres to the combustion chamber immediately, and fine particles are also contained in the exhaust gas. And problems such as clogging and reduction in catalytic activity in the exhaust gas treatment device are likely to occur.
- the present invention can be used for a method and an apparatus for producing a fatty acid ester composition by reacting an oil or fat with an alcohol.
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- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
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Abstract
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007009017A (ja) * | 2005-06-29 | 2007-01-18 | Kyoto Univ | 脂肪酸アルキルエステルの製造方法 |
| CN100344732C (zh) * | 2005-07-06 | 2007-10-24 | 中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所 | 亚临界甲醇相固体酸碱催化油脂酯交换制生物柴油的方法 |
| JP2008162973A (ja) * | 2006-12-28 | 2008-07-17 | Univ Nihon | ポリエン類の環化反応 |
| WO2007003025A3 (en) * | 2005-07-06 | 2009-04-23 | Intecnial S A | Biodiesel production process without catalyst in continuous conditions |
| JP2009523866A (ja) * | 2006-01-23 | 2009-06-25 | ヴルフェニア ベタイリグングス ゲーエムベーハー | 植物性及び動物性脂肪廃棄物からの燃料取得方法及びその方法を実行するためのプラント |
| US9382491B2 (en) | 2012-07-03 | 2016-07-05 | Sartec Corporation | Hydrocarbon synthesis methods, apparatus, and systems |
| US9388345B2 (en) | 2012-07-03 | 2016-07-12 | Sartec Corporation | Hydrocarbon synthesis methods, apparatus, and systems |
| JP2017501213A (ja) * | 2013-11-18 | 2017-01-12 | ローディア オペレーションズ | アミノエステルの製造方法 |
| US10239812B2 (en) | 2017-04-27 | 2019-03-26 | Sartec Corporation | Systems and methods for synthesis of phenolics and ketones |
| US10544381B2 (en) | 2018-02-07 | 2020-01-28 | Sartec Corporation | Methods and apparatus for producing alkyl esters from a reaction mixture containing acidified soap stock, alcohol feedstock, and acid |
| US10696923B2 (en) | 2018-02-07 | 2020-06-30 | Sartec Corporation | Methods and apparatus for producing alkyl esters from lipid feed stocks, alcohol feedstocks, and acids |
| CN112961714A (zh) * | 2021-03-11 | 2021-06-15 | 靖江杭丰能源科技有限公司 | 一种基于废弃物制备生物质液体燃料的方法 |
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| JP2003104935A (ja) * | 2001-09-28 | 2003-04-09 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | 脂肪酸エステルの製造方法および製造装置 |
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Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003104935A (ja) * | 2001-09-28 | 2003-04-09 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | 脂肪酸エステルの製造方法および製造装置 |
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| FUKUDA H. ET AL.: "Biodiesel fuel production by transesterification of oils", JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCE AND BIOENGINEERING, vol. 92, no. 5, 2001, pages 405 - 416, XP002983530 * |
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Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007009017A (ja) * | 2005-06-29 | 2007-01-18 | Kyoto Univ | 脂肪酸アルキルエステルの製造方法 |
| CN100344732C (zh) * | 2005-07-06 | 2007-10-24 | 中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所 | 亚临界甲醇相固体酸碱催化油脂酯交换制生物柴油的方法 |
| WO2007003025A3 (en) * | 2005-07-06 | 2009-04-23 | Intecnial S A | Biodiesel production process without catalyst in continuous conditions |
| US7524982B2 (en) | 2005-07-06 | 2009-04-28 | Intecnial S/A | Process for the production of biodiesel in continuous mode without catalysts |
| JP2009523866A (ja) * | 2006-01-23 | 2009-06-25 | ヴルフェニア ベタイリグングス ゲーエムベーハー | 植物性及び動物性脂肪廃棄物からの燃料取得方法及びその方法を実行するためのプラント |
| JP2008162973A (ja) * | 2006-12-28 | 2008-07-17 | Univ Nihon | ポリエン類の環化反応 |
| US9382491B2 (en) | 2012-07-03 | 2016-07-05 | Sartec Corporation | Hydrocarbon synthesis methods, apparatus, and systems |
| US9388345B2 (en) | 2012-07-03 | 2016-07-12 | Sartec Corporation | Hydrocarbon synthesis methods, apparatus, and systems |
| US10144879B2 (en) | 2012-07-03 | 2018-12-04 | Sartec Corporation | Hydrocarbon synthesis methods, apparatus, and systems |
| JP2017501213A (ja) * | 2013-11-18 | 2017-01-12 | ローディア オペレーションズ | アミノエステルの製造方法 |
| US10239812B2 (en) | 2017-04-27 | 2019-03-26 | Sartec Corporation | Systems and methods for synthesis of phenolics and ketones |
| US10544381B2 (en) | 2018-02-07 | 2020-01-28 | Sartec Corporation | Methods and apparatus for producing alkyl esters from a reaction mixture containing acidified soap stock, alcohol feedstock, and acid |
| US10696923B2 (en) | 2018-02-07 | 2020-06-30 | Sartec Corporation | Methods and apparatus for producing alkyl esters from lipid feed stocks, alcohol feedstocks, and acids |
| CN112961714A (zh) * | 2021-03-11 | 2021-06-15 | 靖江杭丰能源科技有限公司 | 一种基于废弃物制备生物质液体燃料的方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP4530992B2 (ja) | 2010-08-25 |
| JPWO2004108873A1 (ja) | 2006-11-09 |
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