WO2004097364A1 - Procede et dispositif de verification du fonctionnement d'objets a controler - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif de verification du fonctionnement d'objets a controler Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004097364A1
WO2004097364A1 PCT/DE2004/000888 DE2004000888W WO2004097364A1 WO 2004097364 A1 WO2004097364 A1 WO 2004097364A1 DE 2004000888 W DE2004000888 W DE 2004000888W WO 2004097364 A1 WO2004097364 A1 WO 2004097364A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sound
sensor
test object
signals
test
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2004/000888
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Thomas Jaggo
Original Assignee
Thomas Jaggo
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thomas Jaggo filed Critical Thomas Jaggo
Priority to DE112004001220T priority Critical patent/DE112004001220D2/de
Publication of WO2004097364A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004097364A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
    • G01M13/02—Gearings; Transmission mechanisms
    • G01M13/028—Acoustic or vibration analysis

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for checking the function of test objects with the features of claims 1 and 14, respectively.
  • test methods are known for quality control and monitoring in the context of component or module production.
  • vibration measurement methods In addition to optical controls and measurements, vibration measurement methods, structure-borne noise or airborne noise measurements are suitable for error detection depending on the objects to be tested.
  • An automated function check and / or fault diagnosis in the case of complex moving components usually requires a considerable amount of measurement and testing. As an alternative to this, there is usually only individual control by an examiner.
  • a device for acquiring analog measurement signals for acoustic diagnosis of test objects in which analog measurement signals are recorded by a test object by means of vibration sensors.
  • the measurement signals are digitized and converted into a switching or trigger signal that can be used for further processing.
  • structure-borne noise sensors are used in particular as measuring sensors.
  • acoustic diagnostic system and a corresponding diagnostic method are described in WO 99/54703.
  • sound sensors are used to convert mechanical vibrations into electrical signals.
  • the converted electrical signals pass through an amplifier stage, low-pass filtering and an analog / digital converter.
  • the signals are analyzed in a downstream signal processing unit and the error classes and / or quality classes that can be assigned to a respective test object are classified.
  • the system also includes automatic archiving of the occurrence and frequency of quality and / or error classes.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a simply constructed measuring method for the functional test of test objects as well as a corresponding device which allows a clear error identification and / or assignment.
  • a method for checking the function of test objects provides for the detection of an airborne sound spectrum and / or a structure-borne sound spectrum of the test object during its function simulation by means of at least one sensor.
  • the electrical signals supplied by the at least one sensor are then amplified and / or high-pass filtered and / or low-pass filtered.
  • At least a limited frequency range and / or at least a limited amplitude range of the signals amplified and / or filtered in this way is used to generate at least one trigger signal which is assigned to a specific malfunction of the test object.
  • an airborne and / or structure-borne noise analysis of a noise or vibration spectrum of the test object can be recorded and evaluated in a relatively simple manner.
  • On the basis of specific noise or structure-borne noise events that have previously been recorded and can be assigned to specific error events it can be determined which frequency and / or amplitude window is to be assigned to which error event. This significantly reduces the amount of data to be processed, since only relatively narrow amounts of data are required to generate an error signal.
  • the method is suitable, for example, for the functional check of complex, movable assemblies in vehicle construction or the like.
  • two or more frequency and / or amplitude windows can also be assigned to a specific error event. Such an assignment can be useful, for example, if a specific error occurs in different airborne or structure-borne noise emissions. sions, which can each be processed as characteristic sound events.
  • a series of typical faults can occur in an electrically operated sunroof of a motor vehicle, each of which is caused by a certain noise, i.e. through a specific airborne sound spectrum or through certain vibrations.
  • a suitable output or trigger signal can be assigned to these specific deviations of the noise or vibration spectrum from a standard noise by suitable filtering and amplification.
  • the typically occurring errors must first be recorded and limited with regard to their primarily relevant frequency range and with regard to their sound amplitude.
  • the possible errors previously defined in this way can be used in the later test and diagnostic procedure to select the recorded noise or vibration spectrum, whereby the amount of data to be processed is reduced to a fraction of the amount of data recorded by the measuring sensors.
  • a frequency-range-specific signal amplification and / or an amplitude-range-specific signal amplification is preferably provided.
  • one or more frequency or amplitude windows can be selected with respect to a specific frequency band and / or a specific amplitude range and assigned to specific errors, so that a corresponding trigger signal is generated in the event of a sound event within such a window.
  • a typical maximum number of errors between three and ten has been shown for a movable sunroof to be checked, which in isolated cases can occur in different distributions.
  • an error signal is preferably triggered when an airborne and a structure-borne noise signal are delivered at the same time, which are each assigned to the same measurement location. In this way it can be avoided that noise leads to an incorrect error signal. This can be the case, for example, if a structure-borne noise measurement delivers an error signal that comes from the test object and at a certain time if at the same time an airborne sound signal is recorded, which is not delivered by the test object but which, for example, strikes the sensor from the environment.
  • a typical frequency range for errors that occur in an electrically actuated one can be between approximately 800 Hz and approximately 5 kHz. With other test objects, it may be necessary to process significantly different frequency ranges.
  • the typically occurring frequencies of the error noises simultaneously define a bandwidth above and below which no signal processing is necessary. This bandwidth can be determined by low-pass and high-pass filtering. The amount of data to be processed is already significantly reduced in this way before it is reduced again by a multiple by the optional definition of certain narrow frequency ranges within this bandwidth.
  • a defined assignment of error signals to output signals can be made using a matrix.
  • This matrix can optionally be freely programmable, which enables a universal production control which, for example, assigns a certain marking to a defective test object, for example in the form of a coded sticker or the like. Possibly.
  • a test object identified as defective can be separated out by branching in the production line.
  • a simple way of marking can also consist of an optical and / or acoustic signal output which signals to a test person that a specific test object requires a follow-up inspection.
  • an embodiment of the method according to the invention provides that the trigger signal controls a threshold switch.
  • the trigger signal can be used, for example, to control relays or the like, which can trigger certain events. An intervention in the production process has already been mentioned for this. Another event can be, for example, the lighting up of a lamp, the output of an acoustic signal or the like.
  • a further embodiment of the invention provides that the electrical signals supplied by the at least one sound converter are converted into digital electrical signals by means of an analog / digital converter. These can be processed more easily in the downstream processing unit, ie with less circuitry.
  • the electrical signals forming the trigger signal are previously determined using a Digital / analog converter converted into analog signals. The entire filtering and frequency and amplitude selection of the sound spectrum can be carried out in digital form in this way, so that the amount of data to be processed can be further reduced.
  • sound transducers are used as sensors which record an airborne sound spectrum of the test object.
  • One or more microphones which preferably have a directional characteristic, can in particular be used as the sound transducer. This enables simple and inexpensive measurement setups to be implemented that are suitable for generating reliable control signals.
  • a second variant provides for the alternative or additional use of structure-borne noise sensors, which are brought into contact with the test object before a functional simulation.
  • a control device is particularly suitable for this purpose, by means of which a structure-borne noise sensor is placed at each measuring point. Depending on the typically occurring error events, a structure-borne noise sensor may be sufficient. If certain typical faults occur at several locations on the test object that are at a distance from one another, it may make sense to install a structure-borne noise sensor there.
  • the actuating devices are preferably controlled automatically, so that the sensors are automatically placed in front of the measurement process and automatically lifted again after the measurement process.
  • the signals from each sensor can be processed individually. However, the signals from several sensors can also be combined and processed together in the subsequent evaluation and amplifier unit. In most cases, it is not necessary to process the signals separately, since a sound transducer or structure-borne sound sensor can be assigned to a typical fault location, which should output an individual frequency and amplitude window. Since the windows do not necessarily overlap, separate processing of the signals from several converters is not necessary.
  • commercially available microphones can be used as sound transducers. A sensible variant could be to provide filtering already in the sound transducers, since typically only very limited frequency ranges have to be processed. However, the use of commercially available and therefore relatively inexpensive microphones would no longer be an option.
  • the test object and the at least one sound transducer are arranged in a sound-insulating room during the test sequence.
  • the soundproofing room can in particular be a soundproofing or soundproof cabin or chamber, which is preferably closed by flaps or the like during the test sequence, ie during the functional simulation of the test object.
  • a sound cabin can be integrated into a conveyor during quality control in a production facility, so that all test objects pass the sound cabin one after the other. After the test object has entered the sound cabin, it can be closed on all sides, so that no foreign sound components distort the subsequent measurement.
  • a typical movement sequence of the complex, moving test object is run through.
  • this can in particular be a complete opening and closing process.
  • the sound spectrum recorded here by means of the microphone or the microphones and / or the structure-borne sound sensors is subjected to the analysis described, from which a clear error signal can be obtained.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the electrical signals supplied and / or already processed by the sensors or sound transducers are additionally buffered in order to either archive them if necessary and / or to make them additionally accessible to a hearing test by a test person.
  • the temporarily stored signals for verifying an error can be reproduced repeatedly via loudspeakers or headphones, so that a re-examination of the recorded sound spectrum or of the individually selected error signal is made possible by a test person.
  • a particular advantage of the device according to the invention is its simple and inexpensive construction. Only a few standard components that are readily available are required. The signal processing does not place high demands on the computing power. In particular, no complex data processing systems are required. In the simplest case, the interfaces provided provide a switching signal, so that no complex adaptation work is required to integrate the diagnostic device into an existing production process.
  • Relatively simple and inexpensive microphones or structure-borne noise sensors are suitable as sensors. These do not have to have a particularly linear frequency response, nor do they have to be calibrated. It is not even necessary for the sensors to have little scatter or deviation in terms of their transducer properties, since larger deviations can be compensated for without problems by the type of signal processing and filtering according to the invention.
  • Pickups for electroacoustic guitars or the like are suitable as inexpensive structure-borne sound sensors.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic perspective illustration of a test object during a test run
  • FIG. 2 shows a measurement setup for recording airborne or structure-borne noise emissions using the example of a motor vehicle sunroof
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic block diagram of a test device according to the invention in a simple variant
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic block diagram of the test device according to the invention in a more detailed embodiment
  • FIG. 5 shows a diagram to illustrate a filter strategy according to the invention
  • FIG. 6 shows a further variant of the test device according to the invention with additional components for recording error events.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic experimental setup in which a roof module 10 with an electrically movable sliding roof segment 12 arranged therein is subjected to a function test.
  • the roof module 10 is provided for installation in a motor vehicle (not shown).
  • the roof module 10 with the movable sunroof segment 12 represents the test object to be examined for the present fault in the sense of the invention.
  • the roof module 10 is transported by means of a conveyor 8, which can be part of an assembly line production.
  • the roof module 10 shown in FIG. 1 can be part of a vehicle roof, for example, which is delivered to the vehicle manufacturer in the painted state.
  • the experimental setup can be used in the same way for error analysis of a sunroof unit according to FIG. 2.
  • the roof module 10 runs through a sound-absorbing room, in particular a sound cabin 14 or the like, which can be made lockable by front and rear flaps 16, so that the measuring device arranged inside the sound cabin is not influenced by ambient noise ,
  • the flaps 16 can be pivoted or moved, for example.
  • the flaps 16 are preferably opened and closed by means of an automatic control, which can in particular be coupled to a production control.
  • the sound booth 14 preferably has sufficient insulation to shield ambient noise from the measurement environment in the interior of the booth to such an extent that no significant falsification of measured values can occur. Possibly. can be designed as a so-called anechoic chamber.
  • the relevant noise spectrum is measured in such a way that the noise that is generated is recorded during a complete movement sequence of the sliding roof segment 12.
  • detection is carried out by a plurality of sound converters or microphones 18, which convert the recorded sound into electrical signals.
  • the converted electrical signals are then subjected to amplification, filtering and analysis (cf. FIGS. 3 to 6), from which a trigger signal or a plurality of corresponding trigger signals for identifying a defective or faulty sunroof and / or for other production control are generated.
  • a single microphone 18 can also be provided for recording a noise or airborne sound spectrum of the test object.
  • the number of sound transducers used can be varied depending on the complexity of the test object, the local concentration of the noise sources and the known number of different noise events.
  • the sound cabin 14 may also be dispensed with. However, it must then be ensured that the ambient noise cannot adversely affect and falsify the measurement result.
  • FIG. 2 shows an alternative measuring arrangement in which a plurality of structure-borne noise sensors 19 are arranged on a roof frame 101 of a sliding roof unit, which sensors can be provided as an alternative or in addition to the microphones.
  • the sunroof segment 12 moves completely in the roof frame 101, the airborne sound and / or structure-borne noise spectra are recorded and analyzed to detect possible errors.
  • Such errors can lie in particular in a strong noise development in the drive motor 121 or in the transmission 122, which provides for the feed of drive cables 123, which are each deflected and anchored to the sunroof segment 124 by means of fixings 124. Noises can also occur at these deflection points and are recognized as errors. Further typical sources of noise lie in the guides of the drive cables 123, which, for example, are deficiently deburred or may have too little lubricant.
  • a specific error signal is preferably triggered when an airborne and a structure-borne noise signal are delivered at the same time, which are each assigned to the same measurement location. In this way it can be avoided that noise leads to an incorrect error signal.
  • This can be the case, for example, if a structure-borne noise measurement delivers an error signal that comes from the test object at a certain time and if an airborne sound signal is recorded that is not delivered by the test object but rather, for example, from the environment to the sensor meets. This "AND operation" of the two sound signals increases the measuring accuracy and delivers more reliable error signals.
  • the experimental setups shown in accordance with FIGS. 1 and 2 are to be understood as alternatives or as combinations.
  • a pure airborne sound measurement according to FIG. 1 can be sufficient in many applications.
  • the sound booth 14 may be dispensed with, in particular when using microphones 18 with a strong directional characteristic and with locally very limited noise sources.
  • the structure-borne noise sensors 19 shown in FIG. 2 can either in place of or in addition to the microphones 18. In a configuration with microphones 18 and structure-borne sound sensors 19, additional sound insulation can be dispensed with in many cases.
  • FIG. 3 shows a diagnostic device according to the invention in a simplified basic circuit diagram.
  • a sound signal 20, 21 is recorded with a sensor and converted into an electrical signal 22, amplified in a first amplifier stage 24 and amplified, filtered and / or otherwise influenced in a second amplifier or signal processing stage 26, from which a trigger signal 28 for controlling a Switch 30 or relay or the like. Is formed.
  • the signal of the switch is referred to as switching signal 32.
  • the second amplifier stage 26 can in particular bring about a frequency and / or amplitude range-specific amplification and / or filtering, as a result of which certain, previously known errors can be recognized and selected as specific and distinguishable sound events.
  • the switching signal 32 of the switch 30 or the relay can influence a wide variety of functions.
  • a sensible variant is, for example, to provide the test object with an uncoded or with a coded sticker.
  • a coded sticker can in particular be provided with a barcode, which contains information about the detected errors.
  • the sound signal can be an airborne sound signal 20 and / or a structure-borne sound signal 21.
  • the sensor can be a sound transducer, in particular a microphone 18 or a structure-borne sound sensor 19.
  • FIG. 4 shows an expanded circuit of the diagnostic and testing device according to the invention, in which the electrical signals 22 of the microphone 18 or the microphones 18 or the structure-borne noise sensor 19 after a first amplification in the first amplifier stage 24 - for example an operational amplifier or the like.
  • Like. - Are subjected to an analog / digital conversion in an A / D converter circuit 34, from which the digital signals are filtered in a high-pass and / or low-pass filter in a downstream first filter stage 36 and, if appropriate, frequency range-individually and / or amplitude-range-individually be reinforced.
  • a typical signal can be limited to a frequency range between approximately 800 Hz and approximately 3 to 5 kHz.
  • This restricted frequency range can then be amplified by approx. 20 dB.
  • a narrow-band amplification of approximately 20 dB can also take place in frequency ranges in which the previously defined error noises are to be detected.
  • the level for frequency range-specific amplification is typically referred to as an equalizer.
  • a so-called noise gate certain frequency and amplitude ranges of the filtered digital signal are selected and assigned to certain error events, from which 40 individual event signals can be generated in a downstream matrix circuit.
  • a downstream D / A converter circuit 42 provides for a digital / analog conversion of the digital signal into an analog signal which can already be used as a switching signal 32 or which can be used to form a trigger signal 44 in a threshold switch 46.
  • the trigger signal 44 can be used for a wide variety of purposes, for example to control relays or other electronic or mechanical switches.
  • the threshold switch ensures that a defined switching signal is formed from the trigger signal 44.
  • the mode of operation of the second filter stage 38 - the so-called noise gate - is illustrated in more detail with reference to FIG. 5.
  • a frequency f of the filtered digital signal 48 is plotted on the horizontal axis and its amplitude A after amplification of relevant frequency ranges is plotted on the vertical axis.
  • a further selection is carried out with the aid of the second filter stage 38 with the aid of limited areas 50 and 52. This selection represents a narrower selection of the amplitude range and frequency range from the larger frequency and amplitude range of the digital signal 48 leaving the first filter stage 36. If a signal is detected within the ranges 50 or 52, an error signal is generated therefrom.
  • the number of ranges defined in the second amplifier stage 38 depends on the number of error frequencies previously determined and clearly assignable in experiments, which originate from individual error noises.
  • the signals detected in the respective areas 50 and 52 can be assigned to different switching signals using the programmable or fixed matrix circuit 40. In this way, it is possible to determine the detected errors during the analysis. If the assignment matrix is missing, it can at least be indicated that there is an error. In this case, there is no separation of different errors.
  • the circuit of FIG. 4 only takes into account the signal processing of a sensor. If a plurality of sensors are present, their signals 22 can either be processed in parallel in circuits of the same type in each case or can already be combined in the first amplifier stage 24.
  • FIG. 6 finally shows an additional variant of the diagnostic circuit according to the invention, which refers to the simplified circuit of FIG. 3 and in which the stages downstream of the amplifier 24 are referred to as processing circuit 54 for the sake of simplicity.
  • the electrical signals 22 converted by the microphone 18 or the structure-borne sound sensor 19 can additionally be recorded by means of a recording device 56 so that they can be reproduced again later using a sound transducer, for example a loudspeaker 58 or headphones.
  • a sound transducer for example a loudspeaker 58 or headphones.
  • the recording device 56 preferably stores all of the signals 22 converted by the microphones 18 or by the structure-borne sound sensors 19 in a buffer which is regularly overwritten.
  • the memory content of the buffer store is preferably only permanently stored when a corresponding trigger signal 32a is supplied by the switching device 30.
  • the diagnostic and test method according to the invention or the corresponding device is fundamentally suitable for sound-based testing of all movable test objects in which there is a connection between a malfunction or a lack of quality and a specific change in their noise spectrum. Errors or quality defects that do not change the sound radiation cannot be detected using the described method.
  • the described filtering and frequency range-specific amplification is not absolutely necessary, but that even more complex noise spectra can be compared with a target signal.
  • comparisons of broadband signals require a significantly increased computing and processing effort compared to the described method.
  • a major advantage of the method according to the invention lies in the extremely compact and “slim” processing circuit required for this. The necessary functions can be easily represented by means of fewer integrated circuits that are available at low cost and can be interconnected.

Abstract

Procédé de vérification du fonctionnement d'objets à vérifier, en particulier de contrôle automatique de la qualité, lors de la fabrication et plus précisément de l'essai de fonctionnement à l'extrémité de la bande, selon lequel au moins un capteur détecte un spectre de bruit aérien et / ou de structure de l'objet à contrôler pendant la simulation de fonctionnement dudit objet et convertit ledit spectre en signaux électriques (22), les signaux électriques (22) sont amplifiés et / ou filtrés à l'aide d'un filtre passe-haut et / ou d'un filtre passe-bas, et au moins une plage de fréquence limitée et / ou au moins une plage d'amplitude limitée des signaux ainsi amplifiés et / ou filtrés sont utilisées pour produire au moins un signal de déclenchement (28, 44) associé à une fonction défaillante déterminée de l'objet à contrôler. La présente invention concerne en outre un dispositif permettant la mise en oeuvre dudit procédé et possédant un circuit de traitement.
PCT/DE2004/000888 2003-04-30 2004-04-28 Procede et dispositif de verification du fonctionnement d'objets a controler WO2004097364A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE112004001220T DE112004001220D2 (de) 2003-04-30 2004-04-28 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Funktionsüberprüfung von Prüfobjekten

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10319734.6 2003-04-30
DE10319734 2003-04-30
DE10326494 2003-06-10
DE10326494.9 2003-06-10

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WO2004097364A1 true WO2004097364A1 (fr) 2004-11-11

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WO (1) WO2004097364A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004058790B3 (de) * 2004-12-07 2006-06-22 Daimlerchrysler Ag Körperschallsensor sowie Vorrichtung zur akustischen Diagnose defekter Kat-Anlagen von Kraftfahrzeugen
DE102006055768A1 (de) * 2006-11-25 2008-05-29 Continental Teves Ag & Co. Ohg Signalvorverarbeitungseinrichtung für Körperschallsensoren
DE102018132240A1 (de) 2018-12-14 2020-06-18 Christian Walther Prüfvorrichtung, Tiefziehanlage mit Prüfvorrichtung und Prüfverfahren

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0399386A2 (fr) * 1989-05-25 1990-11-28 Hughes Aircraft Company Appareil d'analyse adaptatif
DE3926281A1 (de) * 1989-08-09 1991-02-14 Daimler Benz Ag Geraeuschpruefstand fuer pkw-getriebe
US5679900A (en) * 1992-12-08 1997-10-21 Skf Condition Monitoring Envelope enhancement system for detecting paper machine press section anomalous vibration measurements
WO1998023938A1 (fr) * 1996-11-29 1998-06-04 Arçelik A.S. Systeme de controle de qualite destine aux essais de dispositifs mecaniques
EP1088211B1 (fr) * 1998-04-17 2003-06-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Systeme et procede de diagnostic acoustique

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0399386A2 (fr) * 1989-05-25 1990-11-28 Hughes Aircraft Company Appareil d'analyse adaptatif
DE3926281A1 (de) * 1989-08-09 1991-02-14 Daimler Benz Ag Geraeuschpruefstand fuer pkw-getriebe
US5679900A (en) * 1992-12-08 1997-10-21 Skf Condition Monitoring Envelope enhancement system for detecting paper machine press section anomalous vibration measurements
WO1998023938A1 (fr) * 1996-11-29 1998-06-04 Arçelik A.S. Systeme de controle de qualite destine aux essais de dispositifs mecaniques
EP1088211B1 (fr) * 1998-04-17 2003-06-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Systeme et procede de diagnostic acoustique

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DE102004021756A1 (de) 2004-11-18
DE112004001220D2 (de) 2006-03-30
DE20320424U1 (de) 2004-10-21

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