WO2004092792A1 - 光導波路デバイス - Google Patents
光導波路デバイス Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004092792A1 WO2004092792A1 PCT/JP2003/004845 JP0304845W WO2004092792A1 WO 2004092792 A1 WO2004092792 A1 WO 2004092792A1 JP 0304845 W JP0304845 W JP 0304845W WO 2004092792 A1 WO2004092792 A1 WO 2004092792A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- optical waveguide
- substrate
- light
- output
- waveguide device
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
- G02B6/125—Bends, branchings or intersections
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
- G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
- G02B6/4204—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms
- G02B6/4214—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms the intermediate optical element having redirecting reflective means, e.g. mirrors, prisms for deflecting the radiation from horizontal to down- or upward direction toward a device
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/21—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour by interference
- G02F1/225—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour by interference in an optical waveguide structure
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B2006/12083—Constructional arrangements
- G02B2006/12104—Mirror; Reflectors or the like
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B2006/12133—Functions
- G02B2006/12154—Power divider
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B2006/12133—Functions
- G02B2006/12159—Interferometer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/0121—Operation of devices; Circuit arrangements, not otherwise provided for in this subclass
- G02F1/0123—Circuits for the control or stabilisation of the bias voltage, e.g. automatic bias control [ABC] feedback loops
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/03—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels effect or Kerr effect
- G02F1/035—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels effect or Kerr effect in an optical waveguide structure
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2201/00—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
- G02F2201/34—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 reflector
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an optical waveguide device used in an optical communication system, and more particularly to an optical waveguide structure effective for miniaturizing an optical circuit for monitoring optical output.
- Optical waveguide devices are devices that realize various functions using optical waveguides that confine light to a high refractive index portion formed in a dielectric medium and propagate the light.
- lithium niobate Li Nb_ ⁇ 3: hereinafter LN as hereinafter
- LN lithium niobate
- an electro-optical constant is very high
- the thermo-optic Since the response speed is faster than devices with the Thermal Optic (TO) effect, they are widely used as optical modulators, optical switches, and variable optical attenuators.
- an optical waveguide device using a dielectric substrate such as LN as described above has a phenomenon called a temperature drift in which the operating point shifts due to a temperature change, and a DC drift in which the operating point shifts when a DC signal flows. It is known that a so-called phenomenon can potentially occur. If the operating point shifts due to the occurrence of temperature drift or DC drift, the optical output characteristics of the optical waveguide device fluctuate. For example, an optical modulator cannot perform modulation in a constant state.
- the optical output of a Mach-Zehnder optical modulator changes according to cos 2 ( ⁇ / 2).
- ne is the refractive index of the optical waveguide
- 1 is two parallel optical waveguides on the provided et the length of the electrode
- lambda is optical wavelength
- d is the distance between the electrodes
- V is an applied voltage.
- the optical output characteristic of this optical modulator is a curve as shown in Fig. 19, where the horizontal axis is applied voltage V. You.
- the desired operating point is generally adjusted by applying a DC bias.However, the operating point adjusted by the DC bias is described above. Such DC drift causes shift. Therefore, in order to stably achieve the desired operating point, it is necessary to constantly monitor the optical output and control the DC bias based on the result.
- the monitoring of such optical output is not limited to the use of optical modulators. For example, even in the case of Mach-Zeng type variable optical attenuators, it is necessary to adjust the optical attenuation in response to temperature changes. It is necessary.
- Patent Document 1
- the conventional optical waveguide device has a configuration in which the main signal light emitted from the end face of the optical waveguide is guided to the output optical fiber via the lens coupling system, or the end face of the optical waveguide is directly abutted with the output optical fiber.
- Butt joint type is known.
- In the configuration using the lens coupling system there is a required space between the side surface of the substrate where the main signal light of the optical waveguide device is output and the lens coupling system. Of light receiving elements can be arranged, and sufficient monitor light can be received.
- the output optical fiber is very thin, so simply bonding the fiber to the end face of the optical waveguide will not have sufficient strength.
- a fiber fixing member 120 such as a grooved fiber block or glass ferrule.
- Such a fiber fixing member 1 2 0 When the light receiving element 130 for monitoring the optical output is arranged on the back side of the fiber fixing member 120 (the side opposite to the optical waveguide device), the fiber fixing member 120 interferes with the monitor. It becomes difficult to sufficiently receive the monitor light emitted from the optical waveguide 101B on the side.
- the shape and the like of the fiber fixing member 120 must be complicated.
- the reinforcing cavities disclosed in Patent Document 1 described above are considered as an example of a fiber fixing member having a more complicated shape.
- Such complication of the fiber fixing member causes problems such as an increase in the cost of the optical waveguide device.
- one side of the substrate that is different from the side where the main signal light of the optical waveguide device is output Specifically, in the configuration shown in FIG. 20, it is effective to guide the monitor light from the front side or the back side).
- it is necessary to solve the following issues.
- the first problem is that, as shown in FIG. 21, for example, when monitor light is derived using a bent waveguide, reflection and radiation loss on the side surface of the substrate become problems. That is, when an LN modulator is considered as a specific example, the width w of the substrate 100 of a normally used LN modulator is about 1 mm to 2 mm. For this reason, in order to allow the light that has propagated through the curved waveguide 101 B on the monitor side to be guided at an angle that does not cause total reflection on the side surface of the substrate, the radius of curvature R c of the curved waveguide 101 B is set to l mm. It must be about 2 mm.
- the radius of curvature Rc at which no radiation loss occurs in the bent waveguide 101B must be 30 mm or more. Therefore, as shown in Fig. 21 (A), if a radius of curvature Rc of 30 mm or more is secured to prevent radiation loss in the bent waveguide 101B, the monitor light is totally reflected on the side of the substrate. In addition to this, the size of the substrate is increased. Also, as shown in Fig. 21 (B), if the radius of curvature Rc of the bent waveguide 101B is set to 2 mm or less to prevent total reflection on the side of the substrate, the monitor light will bend and guide. It is radiated out of the waveguide in the middle of the waveguide 101B. Therefore, it is difficult to receive sufficient monitor light by simply forming a bent waveguide.
- the second problem is that chipping generated on the surface of the substrate This makes it difficult to receive the monitor light. That is, a chip forming an LN modulator or the like can be obtained by pressing a substrate material using a dicing device or the like, but when cutting, several tens of irregularities occur on the upper and lower surfaces of the chip. . This unevenness is also called chipping.
- an optical waveguide is formed on the upper surface of the chip by diffusion processing such as Ti, and if there is chipping on the substrate side from which the monitor light is led, sufficient monitor light can be obtained. Becomes difficult. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures against chipping on the side of the board from which the monitor light is extracted.
- a third problem is that it may be difficult to reliably mount a light receiving element for receiving monitor light. That is, as one of the mounting methods of the light receiving element for the monitor light, a method of attaching the light receiving element to the side surface of the substrate from which the monitor light is led can be considered. If the light-receiving element is attached to the side of the substrate when the optical waveguide is formed on the substrate, the light-receiving element protrudes from the upper surface of the chip as shown in FIG. For this reason, it is extremely difficult to attach the light receiving element, and problems including reliability occur.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and an optical waveguide device capable of guiding light transmitted through an optical waveguide from a desired side surface of a substrate while maintaining sufficient power within a limited substrate size.
- the primary purpose is to provide It is a second object of the present invention to provide an optical waveguide device in which the influence of chipping generated on the substrate surface is suppressed. Further, a third object is to provide an optical waveguide device capable of reliably mounting a light receiving element for receiving light guided from a substrate on the substrate. Disclosure of the invention
- one aspect of the optical waveguide device is an optical waveguide device including an optical waveguide formed on a substrate, wherein an end of the optical waveguide on the optical output side with respect to the substrate is provided. It has a groove formed in the vicinity, reflects light output from the optical waveguide using the side wall of the groove as a reflection surface, and emits the reflected light from the side surface of the substrate.
- the light output from the end of the optical waveguide formed on the substrate is reflected by the reflection surface of the groove, and the propagation direction is switched.
- Light propagates through the substrate and is emitted from the side surface of the substrate. This avoids the problems of reflection and radiation loss on the side of the substrate as in the case of using the bent waveguide described above, and allows sufficient light to be transmitted to the desired side of the substrate without increasing the size of the substrate. Can be derived.
- the reflecting surface of the groove is formed obliquely to a direction perpendicular to the surface of the substrate, and the light propagating along the substrate surface after being output from the optical waveguide is formed below the substrate surface.
- the light may be reflected in a deviated direction.
- optical waveguide device including an optical waveguide formed on a substrate, wherein a part of the optical waveguide has a bent waveguide reaching a side surface of the substrate, A groove formed at least radially outside the bent waveguide, and formed along the longitudinal direction of the bent waveguide, wherein the refractive index in the groove is the refractive index of a portion of the substrate other than the optical waveguide. It is set to be smaller than.
- the optical waveguide device having the above-described configuration, light propagating through the optical waveguide is bent and emitted from the desired side surface of the substrate through the waveguide.
- a groove having a refractive index smaller than the refractive index of the substrate is formed in the bent waveguide at least radially outward along the longitudinal direction, and the bent waveguide propagates through the bent waveguide due to the light confinement effect of the groove. The radiation loss of light is suppressed. As a result, even if a curved waveguide having a small radius of curvature is used, light with sufficient power can be led to a desired substrate end face.
- a block member for preventing occurrence of chipping on the substrate surface may be provided above the side surface of the substrate from which the light propagated through the bent waveguide is emitted. This makes it possible to avoid a decrease in optical power due to the effect of chipping. Further, a light receiving element for receiving light emitted from the side surface of the substrate may be attached to the side surface of the substrate using the above-described block material. No. This makes it possible to easily and reliably mount the light receiving element on the side surface of the substrate.
- another aspect of the optical waveguide device includes: a first optical waveguide formed on a substrate; a block member provided on the first optical waveguide above an end surface of the substrate; A second optical waveguide branched from the first optical waveguide and having an end portion of the optical waveguide at an end surface different from the end surface of the substrate where the end portion of the first optical waveguide is located, and under the block material; And.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the optical waveguide device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of the cross section A-A in Fig. 1.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a process of forming an optical waveguide according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a process of forming the reflection groove in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a step of forming an electrode in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a substrate material before cutting the LN chip in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view illustrating another example of the configuration of the reflection groove related to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing an application example of the optical waveguide device related to the reflection groove of FIG.
- FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing an improved example related to the application example of FIG.
- FIG. 10 shows a configuration example when a Y-branch force bra is used in connection with the first embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the optical waveguide device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is an enlarged top view showing the vicinity of the output side power blur and the monitor light output waveguide of FIG. 11.
- FIG. 13 is an enlarged view of a BB ′ section of FIG.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a simulation result for confirming the effect of confining monitor light in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an experimental result for confirming the monitor light confinement effect in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 16 is a perspective view showing an application example of the optical waveguide device according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 17 is a perspective view showing an improved example related to the application example of FIG.
- FIG. 18 is a perspective view showing a configuration example when a Y-branch force bra is used in connection with the second embodiment.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing an optical output characteristic of a general Mach-Zehnder type optical modulator.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram for explaining a problem with the conventional putt joint type.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating a problem when a bent waveguide is applied.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating the effect of chipping on monitor light.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram for explaining a problem of a conventional mounting method of a monitor light receiving element.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the optical waveguide device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- an optical waveguide device of the present embodiment includes, for example, a Mach-Zeng type optical waveguide 11 formed on the surface of a substrate 10, and a substrate 1 along the optical waveguide 11.
- the electrode 12 formed on the surface of the optical waveguide 11, the reflection groove 13 formed near the end of the optical waveguide 11 on the monitor light output side, and reflected by the reflection groove 13 are emitted from the side surface of the substrate 10.
- a light receiving element 14 for receiving monitor light and a block member 15 for preventing the influence of chipping at the optical input / output end are provided.
- the optical waveguide 11 is composed of an input waveguide 11 A, an input-side power blur 11 B, a parallel waveguide 11 C, 11 D, an output-side power blur 11 E, a main signal light output waveguide 11 F and
- the Mach-Zehnder interferometer is composed of 11 G monitor light output waveguides.
- the input waveguide 11A receives light L from one end facing one side surface (left side surface in FIG. 1) of the substrate 10 and the other end has one of two input ports of the input-side force bra 11B. It is connected to the.
- the input side power blur 11B splits the light L from the input waveguide 11A into two and gives it to the parallel waveguides 11C and 1ID.
- the output side power blur 11E splits into the main signal light Ls and the monitor light Lm, and then splits into the main signal light output waveguide 11F and the module. It is given to each of the two light output waveguides 11G.
- a directional coupler or a multimode interference (MM I) force blur is used as the input and output force blurs 11 B and 1 IE.
- the electrode 12 is composed of, for example, electrode patterns 12A and 12B and an electrode pad 12C.
- the electrode pattern 12A is patterned into a required shape passing on the parallel waveguide 11D.
- the electrode pattern 12B is patterned into a required shape passing on the parallel waveguide 11C at a certain distance from the electrode pattern 12A.
- the electrode pad 12C corresponds to a terminal for applying a high-frequency electric signal to each of the electrode patterns 12A and 12B.
- the side of the substrate from which the monitor light is led see FIG. 1). (The back side).
- the electrode pad is connected to the ground terminal.
- the reflection groove 13 is formed, for example, by a photolithography method or the like by providing a groove of a desired shape at a predetermined position on the surface of the substrate 10 so that the substrate 10 10 A reflective surface 13A is formed to reflect the monitor light Lm radiated into the inside, and the reflected light Lm 'propagates toward the side surface of the substrate (the side surface located on the far side in Fig. 1) It is intended to be carried.
- the reflecting groove 13 has a reflecting surface 13A that is inclined obliquely to the vertical direction of the substrate 10 as shown in, for example, a sectional view taken along the line A-A 'in FIG.
- the reflected light L m ′ of the monitor light L m propagating through the substrate 10 is slightly deviated below the substrate 10 and propagates.
- Reference numeral 16 in FIG. 2 indicates a buffer layer formed on the entire surface of the substrate 10, and reference numeral 17 indicates an Si film formed on the buffer layer 16.
- the buffer layer 16 is for preventing light absorption loss by the electrode 12 and for achieving impedance matching, and is specifically made of SiO 2 or the like. Further, the Si film 17 is for suppressing the temperature drift.
- the light receiving element 14 receives the monitor light Lm 'reflected from the reflection groove 13 and emitted from the side surface of the substrate, and generates an electric signal that changes according to the power of the monitor light Lm'.
- the light receiving element 14 can be arranged at any position where the monitor light L m ′ emitted from the side of the substrate can be received.
- the light receiving element 14 may be attached to the side of the substrate. It may be mounted at a distance.
- the block material 15 is provided on both opposing sides of the substrate 10 (the left and right sides in FIG. 1) so that the above-described chipping generated on the surface of the substrate 10 does not affect the input / output light. Glass, LN block, etc. are attached to the upper part of each side. However, this block material 15 can be omitted when the influence of chipping on input / output light is small.
- a fiber for fixing an output optical fiber that is putt-joint to one end of the main signal light output waveguide 11F is omitted.
- a fixing member for example, V-groove fiber block or glass ferrule is provided (see Fig. 20).
- the optical waveguide 11 is formed on the LN substrate 10 according to, for example, each step shown in FIG. Specifically, titanium (Ti) or the like to become the optical waveguide 11 is deposited on the LN substrate 10 to form a Ti film of about 100 A (FIG. 3 (A) And (B)). Then, after applying a photoresist of about 1 m on the Ti layer, the photoresist is applied to a Mach-Zehnder interferometer by a general photolithography method. The resist is masked and the Ti film is patterned using the resist as a mask (Fig. 3 (C)). In the above patterning, dry etching or jet etching may be applied. When the patterning of the Ti film is completed, Ti is diffused into the LN substrate 10 at 1000 ° C to 1100 ° C to form a Mach-Zehnder type optical waveguide 11 near the surface (Fig. 3 (D) ).
- the optical waveguide 11 is formed on the LN substrate 10 by thermally diffusing Ti, but for example, Mg may be used instead of Ti.
- the optical waveguide 11 can be formed by using a proton exchange method.
- the reflection groove 13 is formed, for example, according to each step shown in FIG. First, in the same manner as in the formation of the optical waveguide 11, a pattern for forming a reflection groove is formed at a predetermined position on the substrate 10 by a photolithography method. At this time, in order to form the reflecting surface 13A of the reflecting groove 13 obliquely with respect to the vertical direction of the substrate 10, for example, the resist is shifted stepwise to achieve an oblique resist (FIG. 4 (A )). Then, using this resist as a mask, a reflection groove 13 is formed in the substrate 10 by dry etching (FIG. 4B).
- the electrode 12 is formed according to, for example, each step shown in FIG.
- a buffer layer 16 for preventing absorption loss of light by electrodes and for matching impedance is formed on the surface of the substrate 10 by using a sputter or an electron beam (EB) evaporator.
- Figures 5 (A) and (B) The thickness of this buffer layer is optimized according to the required bandwidth and the amount of electrical reflection. ⁇ 1.0 m is common.
- an Si film 17 for suppressing temperature drift is deposited on the buffer layer 16 by sputtering or the like (FIG. 5C).
- the thickness of the Si film 17 is preferably about 0.1 m.
- gold (Au) is deposited as a base for forming an electrode. This gold deposition is performed to a thickness of about 0.1 m using an EB evaporator or the like.
- etching is performed after patterning the resist, and gold plating for an electrode is performed (FIG. 5D).
- the thickness of this gold plating is also the thickness of the buffer layer Similarly to the above, it is optimized according to the required band and the amount of electric reflection, but is generally about 5 to 20 / xm.
- FIG. 6 is a top view of the substrate material to which the block material 15 is attached. After applying force using a dicing device or the like to the dotted line part on the block material of this substrate material and the boundary part of each LN chip, attach the light receiving element 14 to a predetermined position on the side of the substrate from which the monitor light is led .
- the light L applied to the light input side surface of the substrate 10 propagates through the input waveguide 11A and is input to the input side force blur 11B by the input side force blur 11B.
- each light is branched and propagates through each of the parallel waveguides 11C and 1ID.
- a phase difference is given to the light propagating through each of the parallel waveguides 11 C and 11 D according to the electric signals applied to the electrode patterns 12 A and 12 B, and the output side power
- each light is multiplexed by E, it is branched into a main signal light Ls and a monitor light Lm.
- the main signal light Ls propagates through the main signal optical waveguide 11F, exits from the side surface of the substrate 10, and is guided to an output optical fiber butt-joined to the end face of the main signal optical waveguide 11F.
- the monitor light Lm branched by the output side power blur 11E propagates through the monitor light output waveguide 11G, is radiated from its end face into the substrate 10 and is reflected by the reflection surface of the reflection groove 13. It reaches 13 A and is reflected.
- the monitor light L m ′ reflected by the reflection surface 13 A is reflected on the substrate 10 because the reflection surface 13 A is oblique to the vertical direction of the substrate 10 as shown in FIG.
- the light propagates through the substrate 10 in a direction deviated downward with respect to the surface of the substrate, and is guided to a substrate side different from the emission side of the main signal light Ls.
- the monitor light L m ′ that has reached the side surface of the substrate is emitted from a position below the tubing generated on the surface of the substrate, and is received by the light receiving element 14 without being affected by the tubing.
- the inclination of the reflection surface 13 A is adjusted so that the monitor light L m ′ reaching the side surface of the substrate is derived from the middle of the chipping on the front and back surfaces. It is desirable to set the angle.
- the received monitor light L m ′ is converted into an electric signal,
- the electric signal is sent to a control unit (not shown) and used for feedback control of the operating point of the optical waveguide device.
- the reflection groove 13 is provided at the tip of the monitor light output waveguide so as to reflect the monitor light Lm, thereby increasing the size of the substrate.
- the monitor light L m ′ can be led to the side of the substrate different from the side of emission of the main signal light Ls without inviting.
- sufficient monitoring light can be received by the light receiving element 14 and feedback control of the operating point of the optical waveguide device and the like can be reliably performed.
- the reflecting surface 13A oblique to the direction perpendicular to the surface of the substrate 10, even if chipping occurs on the side surface of the substrate from which the monitor light is led, the chipping is performed from below the chipping.
- the monitor light is emitted, it is possible to avoid a decrease in the monitor light due to the influence of chipping. Furthermore, the monitor light is led out to the side of the board located on the same side as the side where the electrode pads 12 C of the electrodes 12 are arranged, so that the interface with the outside of the electric signal wiring is connected to the board 10. Since they can be collected on one side, the optical waveguide device can be efficiently mounted on an external circuit or the like. Such an optical waveguide device is useful, for example, for applications such as an optical modulator / optical switch and a variable optical attenuator.
- the oblique reflection surface 13A is provided in consideration of the effect of chipping on the side surface of the substrate that guides the monitor light.
- FIG. 7A—A 'As shown in the sectional view a reflecting surface 13A is formed perpendicular to the surface of the substrate 10, and the monitor light Lm' reflected by the reflecting surface 13A is reflected on the substrate surface. It may be made to propagate along.
- a vertical reflecting surface 13A as shown in FIG. 7 is provided, for example, as shown in FIG. 8, a block material 16 is attached to an upper portion of a side surface of a substrate from which monitor light is guided.
- the light receiving element 14 can be attached to the side of the substrate using the block material 16, so that the light receiving element 14 can be easily mounted and the reliability can be improved. become. Further, as shown in FIG. 9, for example, a position is located below a block member 15 provided above the output side surface of the main signal light Ls. By designing the shape of the block material 15 and the arrangement of the reflection grooves 13 so that the monitor light is led out from the side of the board, the number of parts of the block material can be reduced and the cost can be reduced. Become.
- the entire surface of the light-receiving element 14 can be attached to the side of the board and the block material. Therefore, the light receiving element 14 can be mounted more stably.
- the directional coupler or the MMI power bra is used as each of the input side and output side power blurs 11 B and 11 E configuring the Mach-Zehnder type optical waveguide 11.
- the present invention is also effective when a Mach-Zeng type optical waveguide 11 is configured by using Y-branch type couplers 11 B ′ and 11 E ′. .
- the light propagating through each of the parallel waveguides 11C and 1ID is given a phase difference of an odd multiple of 7t, the lights are multiplexed by the output-side power blur 11E, so that they are mutually coupled.
- the main signal light Ls is cancelled and turned off.
- the canceled light leaks out of the output waveguide 11 F and is radiated into the substrate 10.
- a part of the radiation mode light propagating in the substrate 10 outside the output waveguide 11 F (in FIG. 10, the light radiated into the substrate deeper than the output waveguide 11 F) is monitored by the monitor light L
- the monitor light L By reflecting the reflected light L m ′ on the substrate side different from the output side of the main signal light Ls as m, the same operation and effect as in the first embodiment described above can be obtained. Can be obtained.
- FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the optical waveguide device of the second embodiment.
- the part of the configuration of the optical waveguide device of this embodiment different from that of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 described above is that the monitor optical output waveguide 11G has a curved guide with a small radius of curvature. This is a portion where a waveguide is applied and a groove 20 is formed radially outside the bent waveguide.
- the configuration of other parts other than the above is the same as that of the first embodiment. For this reason, the configurations of the monitor light output waveguide 11 G and the groove 20 will be described in detail here.
- FIG. 12 is an enlarged top view showing the vicinity of the output-side power blur 11 E and the monitor light output waveguide 11 G in FIG. 11.
- Fig. 13 is a cross section taken along line B-B 'in Fig. 12.
- the monitor light output waveguide 11 G is composed of a straight line portion connected to one output port of the output side force blur 11 E and a bent portion connected to the end of the straight line portion. Is done.
- the bent portion of the monitor light output waveguide 11 G has a constant radius of curvature Rc, and its tip extends to a substrate side different from the output side of the main signal light.
- the curvature radius Rc is set to a small value, for example, about 0.5 to 5 mm, so that the monitor light is not totally reflected on the side surface of the substrate without increasing the size of the substrate even with a narrow substrate 10. Has become.
- the groove portion 20 is obtained by removing the peripheral substrate 10 located on the radially outside of the bent waveguide along the longitudinal direction of the bent waveguide.
- the groove 20 is formed, for example, so that the upper end of one of the side walls formed by removing the substrate 10 is in contact with the monitor light output waveguide 11G as shown in the section 8—; 6 ′ in FIG. ing.
- Such grooves 20 increase the effect of confining monitor light propagating in a curved waveguide having a small radius of curvature Rc.
- the groove 20 is formed by removing the LN substrate around the bent waveguide, in particular, the LN substrate located radially outside the bent waveguide, to form the groove 20.
- the refractive index is ideally reduced to the refractive index of air 1.0, thereby increasing the effect of confining the monitor light Lm propagating through the bent waveguide.
- the buffer layer 16 and the adhesive are present on the upper part of the groove 20, but the refractive index of these is 1.4 to 1.5.
- Fig. 14 shows an example of the above contents confirmed by simulation.
- the bent waveguide is regarded as a straight waveguide having a refractive index distribution equivalent to it (see the change in the refractive index in the a-a 'section), and Is calculated.
- the simulation results shown in the middle part of Fig. 14 show that, for the conventional curved waveguide as shown in Fig. 21 (B) above, the radius of curvature is lmm, the width of the waveguide w is 7m, and the area around the waveguide is This is an example of calculation with the refractive index set to 2.2.
- the conventional bent waveguide almost all light leaked out of the waveguide at about 10 m after light propagation.
- the simulation results shown in the lower part of Fig. 14 show an example of a case where the refractive index around the curved waveguide is reduced, where the radius of curvature is 0.5 mm, the width w of the waveguide is 5 ⁇ m, and the area around the waveguide is This is an example in which the calculation was performed with the refractive index of 1.0 set to 1.0. As shown in the simulation results, even when the radius of curvature is reduced to 0.5 mm, light propagates along the bent waveguide, and it can be seen that a sufficient light confinement effect can be obtained.
- the experimental result shown in FIG. 15 is an example of measuring how the radiation loss changes when the formation position of the groove portion 20 on the radially outer side of the bent waveguide is changed.
- the distance between the center of the bent waveguide and the upper end of the side wall of the groove 20 was Rws, and the value of Rws and the radius of curvature Rc of the bent waveguide were changed.
- the loss of the bent waveguide is measured.
- the measurement data shown in the middle part of Fig. 15 shows that the width D of the bent waveguide is fixed at 6 m, and the distance Rws between the bent waveguide and the groove 20 is stepwise in the range of 0 m to 3.
- the optical waveguide device of the second embodiment the optical waveguide device having a small radius of curvature disposed in the latter half of the monitor optical output waveguide 11 G
- the monitor light Lm propagating in the bent waveguide can be effectively confined in the waveguide, and in particular, the groove portion 20 is provided at a position in contact with the bent waveguide.
- the monitor light can be guided to the side of the substrate different from the side of emission of the main signal light Ls without increasing the size of the substrate.
- the light receiving element 14 can receive a sufficient amount of light.
- the monitor light is led out to the side of the board located on the same side as the side where the electrode pads 12 C of the electrodes 12 are arranged, so that the interface with the outside of the electric signal wiring is connected to the board 10. Since the optical waveguide device can be collected on one side, it is possible to efficiently mount the optical waveguide device on an external circuit or the like. Such an optical waveguide device is useful for applications such as an optical modulator, an optical switch, and a variable optical attenuator.
- FIGS. 16 and 17 show configurations of application examples of the second embodiment corresponding to FIGS. 8 and 9 above, respectively. deep.
- the groove 20 is formed only on the radially outer side of the bent waveguide.
- the same groove as on the outer side is formed on the radially inner side of the bent waveguide.
- a bent waveguide having a cross-sectional shape similar to that of a so-called ridge waveguide can be used.
- the Y-branch type power brass are used as the input-side and output-side power brass constituting the Mach-Zehnder optical waveguide 11. It is also possible to cope with an optical waveguide device using. Specifically, for example, as shown in FIG. 18, the main signal light is applied to an optical waveguide device in which a Mach-Zehnder optical waveguide 11 is configured by using Y-branch type force brass 11 ⁇ ′ and 11 E ′.
- a set of bent grooves 20 ⁇ and 20 ⁇ for guiding a part of the radiation mode light leaking out of the output waveguide 11 F when L s is turned off to the side of the substrate as monitor light is LN.
- the LN substrate portion sandwiched between the curved grooves 20A and 20B has a higher refractive index (2.1 to 2.2) than the curved grooves 20A and 20B, it is used for monitor light. Thus, the same function and effect as in the case of the above-described second embodiment can be obtained.
- the reflection groove 13 is formed on the substrate 10 or the groove is formed outside the bent waveguide.
- a configuration using the reflection groove 13 and the groove portion 20 can be used to guide light other than monitor light to a desired substrate side surface within a limited substrate size range.
- the main signal light L s can be seen from the longitudinal side surface in the narrow LN substrate. Can be taken out.
- an example using a Z-cut LN substrate has been described.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and an optical waveguide device using an X-cut LN substrate may be used. This is also effective for optical waveguide devices using various substrates other than the LN substrate.
- the present invention provides a desired substrate without increasing the substrate size by providing a groove in the substrate to form a reflection surface, or by providing a groove at least radially outside the bent waveguide. It is possible to provide an optical waveguide device that can guide light of sufficient power to the side surface, and to use a simple configuration to avoid the effect of chipping that occurs near the side surface of the substrate. Waveguide devices have been realized, and such optical waveguide devices are useful as, for example, optical modulators and switches used in optical communication systems, variable optical attenuators, etc., and have industrial applicability. Is big.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)
- Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)
- Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2003/004845 WO2004092792A1 (ja) | 2003-04-16 | 2003-04-16 | 光導波路デバイス |
JP2004570888A JP3967356B2 (ja) | 2003-04-16 | 2003-04-16 | 光導波路デバイス |
US11/248,232 US7386198B2 (en) | 2003-04-16 | 2005-10-13 | Optical waveguide device |
US12/149,748 US7787717B2 (en) | 2003-04-16 | 2008-05-07 | Optical waveguide device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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PCT/JP2003/004845 WO2004092792A1 (ja) | 2003-04-16 | 2003-04-16 | 光導波路デバイス |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US11/248,232 Continuation US7386198B2 (en) | 2003-04-16 | 2005-10-13 | Optical waveguide device |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2004092792A1 true WO2004092792A1 (ja) | 2004-10-28 |
Family
ID=33193239
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/JP2003/004845 WO2004092792A1 (ja) | 2003-04-16 | 2003-04-16 | 光導波路デバイス |
Country Status (3)
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US (2) | US7386198B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3967356B2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004092792A1 (ja) |
Cited By (7)
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JP2008064936A (ja) * | 2006-09-06 | 2008-03-21 | Fujitsu Ltd | 光変調器 |
JP2008176145A (ja) * | 2007-01-19 | 2008-07-31 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | 平面光波回路 |
JP2009003211A (ja) * | 2007-06-22 | 2009-01-08 | Fujitsu Ltd | 光デバイス |
JP2012215901A (ja) * | 2012-07-02 | 2012-11-08 | Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co Ltd | 光導波路素子 |
US8909006B2 (en) | 2010-09-30 | 2014-12-09 | Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co., Ltd. | Optical waveguide device |
JP2014235218A (ja) * | 2013-05-31 | 2014-12-15 | 富士通オプティカルコンポーネンツ株式会社 | 光変調器 |
JP2018200333A (ja) * | 2017-05-25 | 2018-12-20 | 新光電気工業株式会社 | 光導波路装置及びその製造方法 |
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JP4762679B2 (ja) * | 2005-11-02 | 2011-08-31 | 住友大阪セメント株式会社 | 光変調器 |
JP5070853B2 (ja) * | 2006-07-19 | 2012-11-14 | 富士通オプティカルコンポーネンツ株式会社 | 光デバイス |
US7764851B2 (en) * | 2007-11-01 | 2010-07-27 | Ngk Insulators, Ltd. | Optical modulators |
JP5045416B2 (ja) * | 2007-12-17 | 2012-10-10 | 富士通株式会社 | 光導波路素子およびそれを用いた光学装置 |
JP5270998B2 (ja) * | 2008-07-30 | 2013-08-21 | Nttエレクトロニクス株式会社 | 平面光導波回路 |
JP5716714B2 (ja) * | 2012-08-09 | 2015-05-13 | 住友大阪セメント株式会社 | 光導波路素子 |
JP2014194478A (ja) * | 2013-03-28 | 2014-10-09 | Fujitsu Optical Components Ltd | 光デバイスおよび送信機 |
US9377596B2 (en) * | 2014-07-22 | 2016-06-28 | Unimicron Technology Corp. | Optical-electro circuit board, optical component and manufacturing method thereof |
JP2016142755A (ja) * | 2015-01-29 | 2016-08-08 | 富士通オプティカルコンポーネンツ株式会社 | 光変調器 |
JP6227069B1 (ja) * | 2016-07-27 | 2017-11-08 | 富士通オプティカルコンポーネンツ株式会社 | 光変調器 |
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JP2008176145A (ja) * | 2007-01-19 | 2008-07-31 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | 平面光波回路 |
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US7643712B2 (en) | 2007-06-22 | 2010-01-05 | Fujitsu Limited | Optical module and optical switching device |
US8909006B2 (en) | 2010-09-30 | 2014-12-09 | Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co., Ltd. | Optical waveguide device |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7787717B2 (en) | 2010-08-31 |
JPWO2004092792A1 (ja) | 2006-07-06 |
US20060051011A1 (en) | 2006-03-09 |
US20080247708A1 (en) | 2008-10-09 |
US7386198B2 (en) | 2008-06-10 |
JP3967356B2 (ja) | 2007-08-29 |
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