WO2004090458A1 - 吸着ヒートポンプ用吸着材、調湿空調装置用吸着材、吸着ヒートポンプ及び調湿空調装置 - Google Patents
吸着ヒートポンプ用吸着材、調湿空調装置用吸着材、吸着ヒートポンプ及び調湿空調装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004090458A1 WO2004090458A1 PCT/JP2004/001867 JP2004001867W WO2004090458A1 WO 2004090458 A1 WO2004090458 A1 WO 2004090458A1 JP 2004001867 W JP2004001867 W JP 2004001867W WO 2004090458 A1 WO2004090458 A1 WO 2004090458A1
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- adsorbent
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B30/00—Heat pumps
- F25B30/04—Heat pumps of the sorption type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
- B01D53/28—Selection of materials for use as drying agents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/06—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04
- B01J20/08—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04 comprising aluminium oxide or hydroxide; comprising bauxite
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
- B01J20/16—Alumino-silicates
- B01J20/18—Synthetic zeolitic molecular sieves
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
- C09K5/047—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for absorption-type refrigeration systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B17/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type
- F25B17/08—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type the absorbent or adsorbent being a solid, e.g. salt
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2203/00—Devices or apparatus used for air treatment
- F24F2203/10—Rotary wheel
- F24F2203/1032—Desiccant wheel
- F24F2203/1036—Details
Definitions
- Adsorbent for adsorption heat pump, adsorbent for humidity control air conditioner, adsorption heat pump and humidity control air conditioner Adsorbent for adsorption heat pump, adsorbent for humidity control air conditioner, adsorption heat pump and humidity control air conditioner
- the present invention relates to a specific adsorbent, an adsorption heat pump and a humidity control air conditioner using the adsorbent, and an operation method of the adsorption heat pump and the humidity control air conditioner.
- Adsorption heat pumps are one of the best waste heat recovery and regeneration methods that can operate using low-quality heat energy as a heat source without using auxiliary power, and are a promising candidate to be introduced into environmentally friendly heat energy utilization systems. It is.
- the adsorbent for example, water is adsorbed to regenerate the adsorbent, and the adsorbent is heated to desorb the adsorbate, and the dried adsorbent is used for adsorption of the adsorbate Cool to temperature and use again for adsorbate adsorption.
- absorption heat pumps that use relatively high temperature (over 120 ° C) of waste heat and heat as a regenerative heat source for adsorbents have been introduced as part of cogeneration plants (cogeneration systems). It is already in practical use. However, in general, the temperature of exhaust heat and heat is relatively low at 100 ° C or lower, and practically at 80 ° C or lower, for cogeneration equipment and fuel cells. It cannot be used as a driving heat source for absorption heat pumps. At the present time, most of this low-temperature thermal energy is discarded into the environment without being used because the energy density is low and the cost of recovery and use is high. The total amount of this wasted heat accounts for more than 90% of the total waste heat, which hinders the improvement of the overall energy utilization rate. 0 ° (: ⁇ 80 ° C low-temperature exhaust heat was required to be used effectively.
- humidity control air conditioners such as dehumidifying air conditioners and humidifying air conditioners are also promising as one of the exhaust heat recovery and regeneration methods, similar to adsorption heat pumps. No example using thermal energy is known.
- the adsorption characteristics required for the adsorbent differ depending on the available heat source temperature even if the operating principles are the same.
- the exhaust heat temperature of gas engine cogeneration and polymer electrolyte fuel cells used as heat sources on the high-temperature side of adsorption heat pumps and humidity control air conditioners is 60 ° C to 80 ° C.
- the temperature of the heat source on the cooling side of the adsorption heat pump and humidity control air conditioner applied to these high-temperature heat sources is determined by the temperature restrictions of the place where the device is installed. For example, in factories and houses, it is the outside temperature of the building.
- the operating temperature range of the adsorption heat pump and humidity controller is 30 ° on the low-temperature side (up to 35 ° C and about 60 ° C to 80 ° C on the high-temperature side when installed in a building, etc.).
- the outside air temperature is expected to rise, and the temperature on the low-temperature side is likely to be higher than the above-mentioned temperature. It is desirable to have a device that can drive even if the temperature difference between the low-temperature heat source and the high-temperature heat source is small, the low-temperature heat source is 30 ° C or more, and the high-temperature heat source is 80 ° C or less.
- a material having the following adsorption characteristics is required. That is, (1) there is a difference in the amount of adsorption in a range where the difference between the relative vapor pressure during adsorption and the relative vapor pressure during desorption is small, and in order to reduce the size of the device, (2) the above (1) (3)
- the adsorbent has a large difference in adsorption amount in the range (3), and (3) is an adsorbent that can be easily desorbed at a high relative pressure.
- Y-type zeolite which has been studied as an adsorbent for adsorption heat pumps and humidity control air conditioners, adsorbs adsorbed substances even when the relative vapor pressure is almost zero, so it is necessary to desorb adsorbed substances.
- a high temperature of 150 ° C to 200 ° C or more is required. Therefore, there is a problem that it is difficult to use the Y-type zeolite for the above-mentioned adsorption heat pump or humidity control device using low-temperature waste heat.
- A-type silica gel which has been studied similarly, does not have sufficient adsorption characteristics at a low relative vapor pressure, and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.
- Heisei 9-178292 discloses a micelle structure of surfactant Mesoporous silica (FSM-10, etc.) synthesized as Such mesoporous silica does not adsorb at low relative vapor pressures. Therefore, there is a problem that the A-type silica gel mesoporous silica cannot constitute an adsorption heat pump or a humidity control air conditioner utilizing heat obtained from cooling water or solar heat of a cogeneration device, a fuel cell, or the like described above.
- FSM-10 surfactant Mesoporous silica
- mesoporous silica is not only required to improve its adsorption characteristics, but also has a problem that its structure is fragile, and it is difficult to manufacture industrially, which increases the cost.
- Y-type zeolite and A-type silica gel are inexpensive and hard to break, but their performance is insufficient.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11197197 discloses that a porous aluminum phosphate-based zeolite called A1P-n is used as an adsorbent for a dehumidifying air conditioner.
- A1P-n a porous aluminum phosphate-based zeolite
- an adsorption isotherm of A 1 PO 4-5 is disclosed.
- the above zeolite has a slightly high hydrophobicity and cannot adsorb water vapor sufficiently at a relative humidity of 0.25 at 25 ° C. That is, the condition of the present invention described below for effectively utilizing low-temperature exhaust heat is as follows: "When the relative humidity changes by 0.1 in the range of 0.12 or more and 0.25 or less relative humidity at 25 ° C. The change in the amount of adsorption is about 0.05 gZg, indicating poor adsorption characteristics.
- WO 02Z066910 discloses that zeolite having aluminum, phosphorus, and a hetero atom is effective as an adsorbent for an adsorption heat pump.
- the present invention is intended mainly for a case where a relatively low-temperature exhaust heat of about 100 ° C. for automobiles is used.
- the relative humidity of 25 ° C. in a range of 0.12 or more and 0.25 or less which is a condition of the present invention to effectively use low-temperature exhaust heat, is described below.
- the change in the amount of adsorption at the time of change is about 0.02 gZg, indicating that the adsorption performance is insufficient.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-61251 discloses that A 1 PO—H6 An adsorption isotherm is disclosed. This is a condition of the present invention to be described later in terms of the adsorption characteristics indicated by the adsorption isotherm, "Relative humidity of 25 ° C. 0.12 or more and 0.25 or less.
- the change in the amount of adsorption when 1 changes satisfies 0.12 g Z g or more, and it is possible to effectively use low-temperature exhaust heat. Turned out to be a problem.
- a 1 P ⁇ H 6 described in the above publication is in a state of adsorbing water vapor, and changes into a structure of A 1 P O—D when desorbed. This is described, for example, on page 160 of Molecular Sieves Science and Technology Volume 1 (Springer 1998). Therefore, the above-described AlPO-H6 is not preferable because its durability in repeated adsorption and desorption of water vapor is insufficient. Disclosure of the invention
- the present invention relates to an adsorption heat pump capable of adsorbing and desorbing adsorbates in a relatively low relative vapor pressure range, which can be driven even when the low-temperature heat source temperature is 30 ° C or higher and the high-temperature heat source temperature is 80 ° C or lower.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an adsorbent for a humidity control air conditioner, and an efficient adsorption heat pump and a humidity control air conditioner using the same.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide an operation method of an adsorption heat pump using low-temperature exhaust heat and a humidity control air conditioner.
- the present inventors have conducted intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, and as a result, the skeleton structure contains a specific atom as an adsorbent for an adsorption heat pump and a humidity control air conditioner that use adsorption and desorption of an adsorbate as a driving source.
- a specific atom as an adsorbent for an adsorption heat pump
- a humidity control air conditioner that use adsorption and desorption of an adsorbate as a driving source.
- the difference in the amount of water adsorbed in a specific relative vapor pressure range was within a specific range, and that zeolite having substantially no structural change in the adsorption and desorption of water vapor was suitable.
- the present inventors have found a specific zeolite-based adsorbent that adsorbs and desorbs in a specific temperature range, has a large difference in adsorption amount in the adsorption and desorption, and has a high output density.
- the present invention is composed of seven points, and the first point is that the skeleton structure has (i) Contains aluminum, (ii) phosphorus, and (iii) zeolites containing iron and Z or gallium, has substantially no structural change in the adsorption and desorption of water vapor, and the relative vapor pressure in the water vapor adsorption isotherm measured at 25 ° C Is in the range of 0.1 to 0.25, the change in water adsorption is 0.12 gZg or more in the relative vapor pressure range. .
- the second gist of the present invention is that the skeletal structure contains (i) aluminum, (ii) phosphorus, and (iii) zeolite containing iron, and (a) its framework density is 16.0 T / The range is greater than 1,000 people3 and less than or equal to 19.0T / 1,000 As,
- An adsorbent for an adsorption heat pump characterized in that the difference between the amount of water vapor adsorption at the adsorption temperature (Ta) and the amount of water vapor adsorption at the desorption temperature (Td) is 0.1 gZg or more.
- a third gist of the present invention is an adsorption heat pump using the above-mentioned adsorbent, the operation of adsorbing adsorbate on the adsorbent while releasing heat of adsorption, and the operation of adsorbing the adsorbate by external heat.
- An adsorber that repeats an operation of desorbing the adsorbate from the material, an evaporator that takes out the cold heat obtained by evaporating the adsorbate and collects the generated adsorbate vapor in the adsorber;
- An adsorbent heat pump characterized by comprising a condenser for condensing adsorbate vapor desorbed by an adsorber by external cold heat and supplying the condensed adsorbate to the evaporator.
- the fourth gist of the present invention is the operation method of the adsorption heat pump described above, wherein the external heat required for desorbing the adsorbate from the adsorbent includes exhaust heat generated from the polymer electrolyte fuel cell,
- the present invention resides in an operation method of an adsorption heat pump characterized by using either exhaust heat generated from a solar water heater or exhaust heat generated from a cogeneration system using an internal combustion engine.
- a fifth aspect of the present invention is that a skeletal structure contains (i) aluminum, (ii) phosphorus, and (iii) a zeolite containing iron and / or gallium, and absorbs water vapor.
- Water absorption when the relative vapor pressure changes by 0.1 in the range of 0.1 to 0.25 in the water vapor adsorption isotherm measured at 25 ° C with substantially no structural change in desorption
- the adsorbent for humidity control air conditioners characterized in that the change has a relative vapor pressure range of 0.12 gZg or more.
- a sixth aspect of the present invention is a humidity control air conditioner having an adsorption / desorption section provided with an adsorbent and a heat supply mechanism to the adsorption / desorption section, wherein the adsorbent is the adsorbent described above.
- a humidity control air conditioner characterized by the following.
- the seventh aspect of the present invention is directed to a method of operating the above-described humidity control air conditioner, wherein the external heat generated from the polymer electrolyte fuel cell is used as external heat required for desorbing the adsorbate from the adsorbent.
- the present invention also provides a method of operating a humidity control air conditioner, which uses any one of exhaust heat generated from a solar water heater, and exhaust heat generated from a cogeneration system using an internal combustion engine.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing one configuration example of an adsorption heat pump as an application example of an adsorption heat pump adsorbent.
- FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of a cold heat generation system using exhaust heat of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell as a heat source of an adsorption heat pump.
- Figure 3 is a configuration diagram of a cold heat generation system that uses the heat of a solar water heater as the heat source of an adsorption heat pump.
- Figure 4 is a block diagram of a cold heat generation system that uses low-temperature exhaust heat of the engine as the heat source of the adsorption heat pump.
- FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram of a heat generation system using an adsorption heat pump. Fig.
- FIG. 6 is a principle diagram of the humidity control device.
- Fig. 7 is a conceptual diagram of the desiccant air conditioner.
- Fig. 8 is a graph of the water vapor adsorption isotherm of the adsorbent of Example 1 (FAPO-5).
- FIG. 9 shows the XRD result of Example 1 in the state of adsorption and desorption of water vapor.
- FIG. 10 is a graph of a water vapor adsorption isotherm of Example 2.
- FIG. 11 shows the XRD result of Example 2 in the state of adsorption and desorption of water vapor.
- FIG. 12 is a graph of the water vapor adsorption isotherm of the adsorbent (ALPO-5) of Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 13 shows the XRD results of Comparative Example 2 in the state of adsorption and desorption of water vapor.
- FIG. 14 is a graph of a water vapor adsorption isotherm of the adsorbent of Example 3 (FAPO-15). BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- the operating vapor pressure range of the adsorption heat pump is the relative vapor pressure on the desorption side ( ⁇ 1) obtained from the high-temperature heat source temperature (Thigh), low-temperature heat source temperature (Tlow 1), low-temperature heat source temperature (Tlow 2), and cold heat generation temperature (Tcool). ) And the relative vapor pressure on the adsorption side ( ⁇ 2).
- the relative vapor pressure on the desorption side ( ⁇ 1) and the relative vapor pressure on the adsorption side ( ⁇ 2) can be calculated by the following equations.
- the relative vapor pressure on the desorption side ( ⁇ 1) and the relative vapor pressure on the adsorption side ( ⁇ 2) Is the operable relative vapor pressure range.
- Desorption-side relative vapor pressure ( ⁇ 1) Equilibrium vapor pressure (Tlow 1) / Equilibrium vapor pressure (Thigh)
- Adsorption-side relative vapor pressure ( ⁇ 2) Equilibrium vapor pressure (Tcool) Z Equilibrium vapor pressure (Tlow 2)
- the high-temperature heat source temperature (Thigh) refers to the temperature of the heating medium heated when the adsorbate is desorbed from the adsorbent and the adsorbent is regenerated.
- the low-temperature heat source temperature (Tlow 1) is the adsorbate of the condenser.
- the low-temperature heat source temperature (Tlow 2) means the temperature of the heat medium that cools the adsorbent after regeneration together with adsorption, and the cold heat generation temperature (Tcool) is the temperature of the evaporator. It means the temperature of the adsorbate, ie the temperature of the cold generated.
- Tlow 1 the equilibrium vapor pressures (Tlow 1), (Thigh), (Tcool) and (Tlow 2) are respectively the above? (Tlow 1),
- the relative vapor pressure ⁇ 2 on the adsorption side is 0.22 when the cold heat generation temperature (Tcool) is 10 ° C and the low-temperature heat source temperature (Tlow 2) is 35 ° C, and the cold heat generation temperature (Tcool) is 8 ° C and the low-temperature heat source temperature (Tlow 2) is 30 ° C, which is 0.25.
- Desorption side relative vapor pressure ( ⁇ 1) is the low temperature heat source temperature
- the operating relative steam pressure range (relative vapor pressure ( ⁇ 1) on the desorption side to relative pressure on the adsorption side)
- the vapor pressure ( ⁇ 2)) is 0.12 ⁇ 0. 25, preferably 0.13 to 0.25, and more specifically 0.14 to 0.22. That is, a material having a large change in the amount of adsorption within this operation relative water vapor pressure range is preferable.
- 5.0 kW is the cooling capacity of about 16 tatami Japanese-style wooden rooms facing south.
- the latent heat of vaporization of water is about 2500 kJZkg, and if the switching cycle between adsorption and desorption is 10 minutes (six times), if the adsorption is 0.12 gZg, the adsorbent is as follows10. 0kg is required.
- the adsorption amount is 0.15 gZg, 8 kg is required. If the switching cycle is 6 minutes (10 times Z time), the weight becomes 6.0 kg when the adsorption amount is 0.12 gZg and 4.8 kg when the adsorption amount is 0.15 gZg.
- the amount of adsorption is 0.12 gZg or more, preferably 0.135 gZg or more, more preferably 0.14 g / g or more.
- the amount of adsorption is 0.12 gZg or more, preferably 0.135 gZg or more, more preferably 0.14 g / g or more.
- Particularly preferred is an adsorbent of 0.15 gZg or more. Therefore, when the change in the amount of adsorption due to the change in the relative vapor pressure is small, the required volume of the adsorbent becomes large and the size of the apparatus becomes large, which is not preferable.
- the adsorbent is preferably a material having a large change in the amount of adsorption in a narrow relative vapor pressure range. If the change in the amount of adsorption is large in a narrow relative vapor pressure range, the amount of adsorbent required to obtain the same amount of adsorption under the same conditions is reduced, and the adsorption heat pump is used even if the temperature difference between the cooling heat source and the heating heat source is small. This is because it can be driven.
- the relative vapor pressure in the range of 0.12 or more and 0.25 or less in the water vapor adsorption isotherm measured at 25 ° C It is necessary to have a relative vapor pressure range of 0.12 gZg or more when the amount of water adsorption changes by 0.1. Among them, those having a relative vapor pressure range of 0.15 g, g or more in water adsorption amount under the above conditions are preferable.
- the upper limit of the change in the amount of adsorption is not particularly limited, but is usually about 0.3 gZg or less due to material restrictions.
- the adsorption amount at a relative vapor pressure of 0.25 is preferably 0.12 gZg or more, more preferably 0.15 gZg or more, in a water vapor adsorption isotherm measured at 25 ° C. .
- the upper limit of the amount of adsorption is not particularly limited, it is usually 0.3 gZg or less.
- the adsorption amount at a relative vapor pressure of 0.12 is preferably 0.05 g / g or less, more preferably 0.03 g / g. gZg or less, particularly preferably 0.02 gZg or less.
- the lower limit is preferably as close to 0 as possible, but usually it is preferably 0. O OOO l gZg or more.
- humidity control is a technique for controlling the humidity of an air-conditioned space, and may be either dehumidification or humidification.
- the humidity control air conditioner may be fixed or movable as long as it has a dehumidifying or humidifying function.
- the operating steam pressure range is determined by the relative vapor pressure on the desorption side ( ⁇ 1) and the relative vapor pressure on the adsorption side ( ⁇ 2), as in the case of the adsorption heat pump.
- the desorption-side relative vapor pressure ( ⁇ 1) and adsorption-side relative vapor pressure ( ⁇ 2) are calculated from the following equations. You.
- Absolute humidity of air before processing Z Saturated vapor pressure at temperature before processing That is, the relative humidity of air before processing and the relative humidity of air after processing are directly used as relative vapor pressure.
- humidity control air conditioning when considering dehumidifying air conditioning in summer, according to the summer indoor conditions specified in JIS-C9612 etc., a dry bulb temperature of 27 ° C and a wet bulb temperature of 19 ° C are common. However, the relative humidity at this time is about 50%. On the other hand, it is also stated that the external absolute humidity in summer is 21 gZkg. When this air is heated to 80 ° C, its relative humidity will be about 7%. This operation results in alternating contact of air between 7% and 50% relative humidity.
- the operating relative water vapor pressure range (relative vapor pressure ( ⁇ 1) on the desorption side-relative vapor pressure on the adsorption side ( ⁇ 2)) is 0.07 to 0.5, and the adsorption changes greatly in this range. Materials are preferred.
- the relative humidity temporarily decreases due to the heat generated by the initial heat of adsorption. Therefore, in actual operation, it is required to have adsorption performance even at a relative humidity of 50% or less. Further, for the same reason as in the case of the adsorption heat pump, it is preferable that the adsorbent is a material having a large change in the adsorption amount in a narrow relative vapor pressure range. Taking these into consideration, a material that adsorbs more water vapor at a relative humidity of 0.12 to 0.25 in the above operating humidity range is preferable.
- the change in the adsorption amount is 0.12 g / g or more, since the larger the adsorption amount and the smaller the weight and volume of the adsorbent in the humidity control device, the better.
- An adsorbent of 0.135 gZg or more, more preferably 0.14 gZg or more, particularly preferably 0.15 gZg or more is preferred. If the change in the amount of adsorption is small, the required volume of the adsorbent becomes large, and the apparatus becomes large, which is not preferable.
- the amount of water adsorption changes by 0.12 gZg or more changes by 0.12 gZg or more It is necessary to have a relative vapor pressure range of Among them, those having a relative vapor pressure range of 0.15 gZg or more in water adsorption amount under the above conditions are preferable.
- the upper limit of the adsorption amount is not particularly limited, but is usually about 0.3 gZg or less due to material restrictions.
- the adsorption amount at a relative vapor pressure of 0.25 is preferably 0.12 gZg or more, particularly preferably 0.1 g, in a water vapor adsorption isotherm measured at 25 ° C. It is more than 15 gZg.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, but is usually 0. 3 g Z g or less.
- the amount of adsorption at a relative vapor pressure of 0.1 is preferably 0.05 gZg or less, more preferably. Is not more than 0.03 g / g, particularly preferably not more than 0.02 g Zg.
- the difference between the relative vapor pressure at the time of adsorption and the relative vapor pressure at the time of desorption has a difference in the amount of adsorption, so that not only summer dehumidification but also specific humidity is required. It has the advantage that it can be used for humidity control. In addition, when the change in the amount of adsorption within a narrow range is large, adsorption and desorption are performed more quickly, so that the adsorption and desorption cycle can be shortened, and there is an advantage that the apparatus can be made more compact.
- One of the features of the present invention is to use an adsorbent having the above characteristics as an adsorbent for an adsorber in an adsorption heat pump.
- Another feature of the present invention resides in that the adsorbent having the above characteristics is used as an adsorbent of an adsorption unit in a humidity control air conditioner.
- Adsorption heat pumps and humidity control air conditioners use the ability of the adsorbent to adsorb and desorb adsorbates as the driving source.
- the adsorbate is adsorbed on the adsorbent as vapor.
- Water, ethanol, acetone, and the like can be used as the adsorbate. Among them, water is most preferable from the viewpoint of safety, price, and the magnitude of latent heat of vaporization.
- An adsorbent for a heat pump and an adsorbent for a humidity control air conditioner which are features of the present invention, have a skeletal structure containing (i) aluminum, (ii) phosphorus, and (ffi) zeolite containing iron and / or gallium.
- Such zeolite is a zeolite having substantially no structural change due to adsorption and desorption of water vapor.
- the structure of the zeolite whose structure changes between the adsorption state and the desorption state of water vapor, becomes large during repeated adsorption and desorption, and the structure becomes unstable, and sufficient performance cannot be obtained. Therefore, the adsorption heat In terms of the performance of the pump humidity control air conditioner, it is important that there is no substantial structural change due to the adsorption and desorption of water vapor in order for the zeolite to have high durability against repeated adsorption and desorption of water vapor.
- the structure Since the structure does not substantially change due to the adsorption and desorption of water vapor, it becomes a highly durable zeolite.
- the high durability means, for example, the adsorption and desorption under the conditions of the durability test shown in the examples.
- the adsorption amount at 0.25 relative humidity of the adsorption isotherm at 25 ° C after 000 times is 70% or more, preferably 80% or more, more preferably 90% or more before the test.
- the framework density of zeolite should be greater than 16.0T / 1,000A3 and less than 19.0T / 1,000As.
- the lower limit of the framework density is preferably 16.2T / 1,000 A3 or more, while the upper limit of the framework density is preferably 19.0T / 1,00 OAs or less, i.s.0T / 1,000 a 3 or less is more preferable.
- the structure of at least one pore of the zeolite is preferably an eight-membered oxygen ring or more, more preferably a ten-membered ring or more, and most preferably a 12-membered ring or more.
- Pores with a 7-membered oxygen ring or less may have insufficient diffusion of water vapor into and out of the pores, have slow adsorption and desorption rates, and have large hysteresis between adsorption and desorption, so that they can be adsorbed.
- problems such as difficulty in detachment may occur.
- the framework density means the number of elements constituting one, 00 other than oxygen backbone per OA 3 of Zeoraito, this value is one determined by the structure of the zeolite.
- the frame The relationship between work density and zeolite structure is shown in ATLAS OF ZEOLITE FRAMEWAK TYPES Fifth Revised Edition 2001 ELSEVIER.
- the structure of zeolite as described above can be represented by the codes specified by the International Zeolite Assiciation (IZA): AET, AF I, AFN, ANA, AST, ATN, ATS, ATT, BPH, BRE, C ⁇ N, CZP , DFT, EDI, FER, LAU, LTL, MAZ, MEL, MFI, M ⁇ R, MWW, OSI, SAT, TER, VNI, VSV, ZON, and preferably AET, AFI , AST and ATS, and more preferably AFI.
- IZA International Zeolite Assiciation
- the framework density correlates with the pore volume, and generally, a lower framework density zeolite has a larger pore volume and therefore a higher adsorption capacity.
- a low framework density is preferred from the viewpoint of the overall amount of adsorption, but is suitable as an adsorbent at lower humidity, and can be used in the relative vapor pressure range at high humidity required by the present invention. It is rather unsuitable from the viewpoint of adsorption performance, and in the present invention, those having a rather high framework density are more suitable.
- the above-mentioned framework density is preferable in consideration of these.
- the adsorbent of the present invention comprises at least (i) aluminum, (ii) phosphorus, and (ffi) a zeolite containing iron and / or gallium in the skeletal structure, and iron and phosphorus or gallium are contained in the skeleton of the zeolite. Substituted for aluminum and / or phosphorus.
- zeolite which is a crystalline iron aluminophosphate containing at least aluminum, phosphorus and iron in a skeleton structure is preferable.
- the zeolite used as the adsorbent in the present invention is a zeolite containing aluminum, phosphorus, iron and / or gallium in its skeletal structure, and is composed of atoms represented by the following formulas (1), (2) and (3). Those having an abundance ratio are preferred. 0. 001 ⁇ 0.3
- abundance ratios of atoms those in which the abundance ratio of iron is represented by the following formula (4) are preferred, and those represented by the following formula (5) are more preferred.
- the skeletal structure of crystalline iron and Z or gallium aluminophosphate in the present invention may contain Fe and Z or other elements other than Ga, A1 and P.
- Other elements include, for example, gay, lithium, magnesium, titanium, zirconium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, palladium, copper, zinc, germanium, arsenic, tin, calcium, boron, and the like.
- the mole ratio (MZFe and Z or Ga) of the other element (M) to iron (Fe) and / or gallium (Ga) is less than 3, preferably less than 1.5, more preferably less than 0.5. It is as follows. If M / Fe and / or Ga is not in this range, the adsorption performance of the present invention will not be sufficiently exhibited.
- the molar ratios of the above atoms are determined by elemental analysis.
- the elemental analysis can be determined by heating and dissolving a sample in an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution and then analyzing it by ICP.
- the adsorbent used in the present invention has an amount of water adsorbed when the relative vapor pressure changes by 0.1 in the range of 0.12 to 0.25 in a water vapor adsorption isotherm measured at 25 ° C.
- the change is 0.12 g / g or more, preferably 0.135 g / g or more.
- the adsorbent preferably has a relative vapor pressure range of 0.14 gZg or more, particularly preferably 0.15 gZg or more, and preferably has a relative vapor pressure of 0.14 to 0.22 or less.
- the adsorbent has a water adsorption amount change of 0.12 g / g or more, preferably 0.135 gZg or more, more preferably 0.14 g / g or more, particularly preferably 0.15 or more when it changes. .
- the adsorption heat pump can be driven by the low-temperature heat source of 30 ° C or higher and the high-temperature heat source of 80 ° C or lower, and the difference in the adsorption amount is large.
- the adsorption heat pump can be made compact.
- the upper limit of the change in the amount of water adsorbed when the relative vapor pressure changes by 0.1 is preferably as high as possible. However, due to material limitations, the upper limit is usually 0.3 gZg or less. The upper limit of the change in the amount of adsorption when it changes is usually 0.29 gZg or less. Further, in addition to the above conditions, the adsorbent used in the present invention has a water vapor adsorption isotherm with an adsorption amount of 0.05 gZg or less at a lower relative vapor pressure of 0.1 and an upper relative vapor pressure of 0 of the present invention. Those having an adsorption amount of 0.15 g / g or more at 25 are more preferred.
- the adsorbent for the adsorption heat pump and the humidity control air conditioner of the present invention is substantially composed of the above zeolite, and functions as an adsorbent for the adsorption heat pump or the humidity control air conditioner itself. As long as the adsorbent is not damaged, the adsorbent may be used in combination with other adsorbents for the above applications. Further, when used as an adsorbent, other components such as a binder may be included as necessary.
- the adsorption temperature (Ta) of the adsorbent is preferably 25 to 45 ° C.
- the upper limit of the adsorption temperature (Ta) is determined according to the outside air temperature in summer.If the outside air temperature in summer is about 30 to 38 ° C, the upper limit of the adsorption temperature (Ta) is 40 to 45 in consideration of fluctuations in the installation location of the cogeneration system. ° C. There is no particular lower limit for the adsorption temperature (Ta). For example, assume that a polymer electrolyte fuel cell to be incorporated into a household cogeneration system will operate in the morning of summer, and Assuming use in a high-temperature environment, the lower limit of the adsorption temperature (Ta) is usually 25 to 30 ° C, which is preferable. Or more than 30 ° C. That is, the adsorption temperature (Ta) is generally 25 to 45 ° C, preferably 30 to 43 ° (:, more preferably 35 to 40 ° C).
- the desorption temperature (Td) of the adsorbent is in the range shown by the following formula (I) with respect to the above adsorption temperature (Ta).
- the desorption temperature (Td) is determined by the temperature of the exhaust heat used.
- the exhaust heat of a fuel cell is about 70 to 80 ° C.
- the available heat temperature is about 10 ° C lower than the actual exhaust heat temperature. Therefore, such a temperature is the lower limit of the desorption temperature (Td), and the temperature difference from the adsorption temperature (Ta) is Ta + 28 ° C.
- the upper limit of the desorption temperature (Td) is 100 ° C.
- a desorption temperature (Td) that exceeds the boiling point of water is not practical in terms of causing problems in the equipment and being higher than the temperature of the waste heat actually supplied. .
- the specific range of the desorption temperature (Td) is generally 58 to 85 ° C, preferably 60 to 80, and more preferably 60 to 75 ° C in consideration of the general use environment of waste heat.
- the cold heat generation temperature (Tcool) is in the range shown by the following equation (II).
- the above-mentioned cold generation temperature (Tcool) is the temperature of the adsorbate when the adsorbate is deprived of latent heat of vaporization and cooled, that is, the average temperature before and after adsorption of the adsorbed water.
- the temperature is uniquely determined from the relationship between the adsorption mass and the adsorption amount. Regarding such a temperature, the lower the value, the greater the value as the heat of formation, but the lower limit is determined based on the value of the available temperature. In effect, the cooling heat generation temperature (Tcool) must exceed (Ta-25) ° C to operate the adsorption heat pump. On the other hand, if the cold heat generation temperature (Tcool) is less than 25 ° C, it can be used practically as cold heat.
- the lower limit of the cold heat generation temperature (Tcool) is preferably 5 ° C, more preferably 7 ° C, and the upper limit is preferably 20 ° C, more preferably 15 ° C.
- One of the other properties required of the adsorbent is the difference between the amount of water vapor adsorbed at the adsorption temperature (Ta) and the amount of water vapor adsorbed at the desorption temperature (Td). Degree-dependent adsorption amount difference ". ).
- the temperature-dependent difference in the amount of adsorption can be calculated using (i) the adsorption isotherm at the adsorption temperature (Ta) and (ii) the adsorption isotherm at the desorption temperature (Td).
- the amount of adsorption at the relative humidity (relative vapor pressure on the desorption side) determined from the temperature (Ta), and (b) the relative humidity (relative vapor pressure on the desorption side) determined from the adsorption temperature (Ta) and the desorption temperature (Td) ) Means the difference in the amount of adsorption.
- the adsorption amount difference of temperature dependence is 0.1 and the 1 [g * H 2 0 g ' adsorbent] or more, preferably 0.5 12 GZG or, more preferably on 0.5 135GZg than, 0.14 g / g or more is still more preferable, and 0.15 gZg or more is particularly preferable. If the temperature-dependent difference in the amount of adsorption is smaller than the above value, the required volume of the adsorbent increases and the size of the apparatus tends to increase.
- the upper limit of the temperature-dependent difference in the amount of adsorption is not particularly limited, but is usually about 0.3 gZg or less due to the restrictions on the material of the adsorbent.
- the adsorbent of the preferred embodiment has the above-described adsorption characteristics, and as described above, the temperature of the low-temperature side heat source is 30 or higher and the temperature of the high-temperature side heat source is 60 ° C or lower.
- the adsorption heat pump can be operated under severe conditions, such as low-temperature adsorption conditions of 45 ° C or more and high-temperature desorption conditions of 75 ° C or less, and a large difference in adsorption amount as described above. With such a structure, the adsorption heat pump can be configured to be more compact.
- the adsorbent of the present invention is a heat storage material, its characteristics can be specified from the aspect of output. That is, the output density (output per unit mass) of the adsorbent can be specified by the above-mentioned temperature-dependent difference in the amount of adsorption, latent heat of evaporation, and the adsorption / desorption cycle of the adsorption heat pump. For example, if the temperature-dependent adsorption difference is 0.12 gZg, the latent heat of water evaporation is about 2500 kJ / kg, and water is adsorbed in a 10-minute cycle, the output density of the adsorbent will be 0 as shown in the following calculation. It becomes 5kwZkg.
- the output density of the adsorbent be as large as the temperature-dependent difference in the amount of adsorption, but it is about 1.5 kWZkg due to restrictions on the material of the adsorbent and restrictions on the design of the adsorption cycle in the adsorption heat pump. It is as follows. Power density of adsorbent:
- an adsorption heat pump is provided with at least two or more adsorbers (adsorber modules) for adsorbing and desorbing adsorbates, and these switching operations continuously perform the adsorption function of the entire apparatus.
- each adsorber has an adsorbent attached to the surface of a heat exchange member composed of a large number of fins and the heat exchange member is placed in a closed container as described in, for example, JP-A-2001-213149. It has a housed structure. In the adsorber, there are a portion occupied by the adsorbent and a portion occupied by the heat exchange member itself, and the volume occupied by the adsorbent is substantially about 50%.
- the packing density of the adsorbent in the adsorber is 800 kgZm3 at the maximum, 500 kgZm3 at the minimum, and 600 kgZms on average, so the output per unit volume required for the adsorber density, when a 0. 5 kw / kg output density of the adsorbent of the adsorbent is about 150 kwZm 3 from the following equation.
- the upper and lower limits of the power density of the adsorber depend on the power density of the adsorbent and are usually around 150 to 450 kw / ms.
- the adsorption heat pump is composed of an evaporator that generates cold heat by evaporating the adsorbate and takes it out, and an adsorbent desorbed by the adsorber. And a condenser for condensing the steam of the water and discharging the heat obtained by the condensation to the outside.
- the output density of the adsorber is 1.5 times the output density of the adsorption heat pump. It needs to be designed to a certain degree. Therefore, the output density of the adsorption heat pump is 100 kwZms, assuming that the output density of the adsorber is 150 kwZms.
- the design range of the power density of the adsorption heat pump is 1 0 0 ⁇ 3 0 0 k wZm 3 about.
- the conditions for producing the crystalline iron and Z or gallium aluminophosphate in the present invention are not particularly limited.
- an aluminum source, a phosphorus source, and an iron and / or gallium source are mixed with a template and then mixed with water. It is manufactured by thermal synthesis.
- an example will be described.
- the aluminum source is not particularly limited, and usually includes aluminum alkoxides such as pseudo-boehmite, aluminum isopropoxide, and aluminum triethoxide, aluminum hydroxide, alumina sol, sodium aluminate, and the like. Pseudo-boehmite is preferred because of its high property.
- the iron source is not particularly limited, but is usually an inorganic acid such as iron sulfate, iron nitrate, iron phosphate, iron chloride, or iron bromide, or an organic acid such as iron acetate, iron oxalate, or iron citrate.
- inorganic acid iron and organic acid iron are preferred in that they are easily soluble in water, and among them, inorganic acid iron compounds such as ferric nitrate and ferrous sulfate are more preferred.
- a colloidal iron hydroxide or the like may be used.
- the gallium source is not particularly limited, but usually includes gallium sulfate, gallium nitrate, gallium phosphate, gallium chloride, gallium bromide, gallium hydroxide and the like. Of these, gallium nitrate and gallium chloride are preferred.
- Phosphoric acid is usually used as the phosphorus source, but aluminum phosphate may be used. Further, other elements may be contained in the skeleton structure of iron and / or gallium aluminophosphate as long as the above-mentioned adsorption / desorption characteristics are not impaired. Other elements include silicon, lithium, magnesium, titanium, and zirconium. Palladium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, iron, palladium, copper, zinc, germanium, arsenic, tin, calcium, boron and the like.
- Templates include quaternary ammonium salts such as tetramethylammonium, tetraethylammonium, tetrapropylammonium, tetrabutylammonium, morpholine, g-propylamine, tri-n —Propylamine, tri-n-isopropylamine, triethylamine, triethanolamine, piperidine, piperazine, cyclohexylamine, 2-methylpyridine, N, N—dimethylbenzylamine, N, N— Getylethanolamine, dicyclohexylamine, N, N-dimethylethanolamine, choline, N, N'-dimethylpyrazine, 1,4-diazabicyclo (2,2,2) octane, N-methylgenamine Lamine, N-methylethanolamine, N-methylbiperidine, 3-methylbiperidine, N-methylcycline Hexylamine, 3-methylpyridine, 4-methylpyridine, qui
- Primary amine, secondary amine, tertiary amine and polyamine may be used as a mixture. Among them, triethylamine, isopropylamine, di-n-isopropylamine, tree n-propylamine, and tetraethylammonium hydroxide are preferable in terms of reactivity, and industrially more inexpensive triethylamine is more preferable. . These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- An aqueous gel is prepared by mixing the above aluminum source, iron and / or gallium source, phosphorus source and template.
- the mixing order varies depending on the conditions, but usually, first, a phosphorus source and an aluminum source are mixed, and then an iron and Z or gallium source and a template are mixed.
- Composition of the aqueous gel of the iron and or gallium aluminophosphate expressed as molar ratios of oxides, 0. 0 l ⁇ F E_ ⁇ / P 2 ⁇ 5 ⁇ L. 5, and further elaborated From the viewpoint of ease of operation, 0.02 ⁇ F e ⁇ / P 2 ⁇ 5 ⁇ 1.0 is preferred, and 0.05 ⁇ F eO / P 2 O 5 ⁇ 0.5 is more preferred.
- FeO represents a Fe_ ⁇ + lZ2 Ga 2 0 3.
- the ratio of P 2 ⁇ 5 A 1 2 0 3 is 0.6 or more: 1. is 7 or less, preferably 0.7 or more 1.6 or less from the viewpoint of further synthesis easiness, 0.8 or higher 1.5 or less is more preferable.
- the lower limit of the proportion of water, relative to A l 2 ⁇ 3, is 3 or more in molar ratio, preferably 5 or more from the viewpoint of ease of synthesis, good Masui more 10 or more.
- the upper limit of the water ratio is preferably 200 or less, and from the viewpoint of ease of synthesis and high productivity, 150 or less is preferable, and 120 or less is more preferable.
- the pH of the aqueous gel is 4 to 10, preferably 5 to 9, and more preferably 5.5 to 8.5 from the viewpoint of ease of synthesis.
- components other than the above may coexist in each aqueous gel, if desired.
- examples of such components include hydroxides and salts of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, and hydrophilic organic solvents such as alcohol.
- Hydrothermal synthesis is performed by placing an aqueous gel in a pressure vessel and maintaining a predetermined temperature under stirring or standing under autogenous pressure or pressurization of a gas that does not inhibit crystallization.
- the conditions for hydrothermal synthesis are 100 to 300 ° C, preferably 150 to 250 ° C, and more preferably 170 to 220 ° C, from the viewpoint of ease of synthesis.
- the reaction time is 3 hours to 30 days, preferably 5 hours to 15 days, more preferably 7 hours to 7 days from the viewpoint of ease of synthesis.
- the product is separated, washed with water, dried, and calcined to remove some or all of the organic substances contained by calcining with air or the like, to remove crystalline iron and / or gallium aluminophos. Get Fate.
- One of the features of the present invention is to use the adsorbent having the above characteristics as an adsorbent for an adsorber of an adsorption heat pump or as an adsorbent for an adsorption / desorption section of a humidity control air conditioner.
- an adsorption heat pump or a humidity control air conditioner having a limit on the lower limit of the temperature of the low-temperature heat source, for example, in a factory. Suitable for air conditioners, etc.
- FIG. 1 shows an application example of an adsorbent for an adsorption heat pump according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing an example of a configuration of an adsorption heat pump as a first embodiment.
- the adsorption heat pump of the present invention is an adsorption heat pump using the above-mentioned adsorbent, and is roughly filled with the adsorbent as shown in FIG. 1, and adsorbs the adsorbate onto the adsorbent while releasing heat of adsorption.
- the adsorbers (1) and (2) transfer the heat generated by the adsorption operation of the adsorbate to the heat medium, while repeating the operation of desorbing the adsorbate from the adsorbent using external heat.
- the evaporator (4) in which the cold generated by the evaporation of the material is taken out and the generated adsorbate vapor is collected in the adsorbers (1) and (2), and the adsorbers (1) and (2)
- the condensed adsorbate is condensed by external cold heat, and the condensed adsorbate is supplied to the evaporator (4) and the heat obtained by condensing the adsorbate is discharged to the outside ( 5)
- the adsorbers (1) and (2) filled with the adsorbent are connected to each other on the inlet side and the outlet side by adsorbate piping (30), respectively.
- Control valves (31) to (34) are provided.
- the adsorbate exists as vapor or a mixture of liquid and vapor.
- a heat medium pipe (1 1) is connected to one adsorber (1), and a heat medium pipe 21 is connected to the other adsorber (2).
- the heating medium pipe (1 1) is provided with switching valves (1 15) and (1 16), and the heating medium pipe (21) is provided with switching valves (2 15) and (216).
- the heat medium pipes (1 1) and (21) respectively cool the heat medium or the adsorbent serving as a heat source for heating the adsorbent in the adsorbers (1) and (2).
- a heat medium serving as a cooling source for the flow is made to flow.
- various media can be used as long as the adsorbent in the adsorbers (1) and (2) can be effectively heated or cooled.
- the adsorber (1) opens and closes the switching valves (1 15) and (1 16) so that hot water, for example, is introduced from the inlet (113) and discharged to the outlet (114). ing.
- the adsorber (2) opens and closes the switching valves (2 15) and (216), for example, so that hot water is introduced from the inlet (213) and discharged to the outlet (214). I have.
- the switching valve By opening and closing (215) and (216), for example, cooling water is introduced from the inlet (211) and discharged to the outlet (212).
- a heat source for generating hot water and a pump for circulating hot water are connected to the heat medium pipes (11) and (21) to supply hot water, and to supply cooling water.
- An outdoor unit that can exchange heat with the outside air is connected.
- cogeneration equipment such as gas engines and gas turbines, and fuel cells can be used.
- An evaporator (4) is connected to the adsorbate pipe (30) on the inlet side of the adsorbers (1) and (2), and the adsorbate pipe (30) on the outlet side of the adsorbers (1) and (2). Is connected to a condenser (5). That is, the above adsorbers (1) and (2) are arranged in parallel between the evaporator (4) and the condenser (5), and the condenser (5) and the evaporator
- Reference numeral (41) denotes a chilled water pipe for cooling output from the evaporator (4)
- reference numeral (42) denotes a chilled water pipe serving as an outlet for the chilled water, between the chilled water pipe (41) and the chilled water pipe (42).
- An indoor unit (300) for exchanging heat with an indoor space (air-conditioned space) and a pump (301) for circulating cold water are arranged in the room.
- Reference numeral (51) denotes a cooling water inlet pipe to the condenser (5)
- reference numeral (52) denotes a cooling water outlet pipe.
- control valves (31) and (34) are closed and control valves (32) and
- the adsorber (2) is cooled by introducing cooling water cooled by an external heat exchanger such as a cooling tower through the heat medium pipe (21).
- the temperature of the cooling water is determined by the ambient temperature and is usually around 30-40 ° C.
- the control valve (32) is opened, the water (adsorbate) in the evaporator (4) evaporates and flows into the adsorber (2) as steam, and is adsorbed by the adsorbent.
- Evaporator (4) or The transfer of water vapor from the adsorber (2) to the adsorber (2) depends on the saturated vapor pressure at the evaporating temperature and the adsorbent temperature (generally 20 to 50 ° C, preferably 20 to 45 ° C, more preferably 30 to 40 ° C).
- the evaporator (4) can obtain the cooling heat corresponding to the heat of vaporization accompanying the evaporation of water, that is, the cooling output.
- Adsorption side relative vapor pressure ( ⁇ 2) (Dividing the equilibrium vapor pressure of the adsorbate at the cold water temperature generated by the evaporator (4) by the adsorbate equilibrium vapor pressure at the temperature of the cooling water in the adsorber (2)) Is determined from the relationship between the temperature of the cooling water in the adsorber (2) and the temperature of the cold water generated in the evaporator (4).
- the relative vapor pressure on the adsorption side ( ⁇ 2) is It is preferable to operate the adsorbent so that it is higher than the relative vapor pressure at which the adsorbent absorbs water vapor at a maximum. The reason is as follows.
- the relative vapor pressure on the adsorption side ( ⁇ 2) is smaller than the relative vapor pressure at which the adsorbent adsorbs water vapor at the maximum, the adsorption function of the adsorbent cannot be used effectively and the operating efficiency decreases.
- the above-mentioned relative vapor pressure on the adsorption side (2) can be appropriately set depending on the environmental temperature and the like.
- the adsorption side relative vapor pressure ( ⁇ 2) can be appropriately set depending on the environmental temperature, etc., but the temperature at which the amount of adsorption at the adsorption side relative vapor pressure ( ⁇ 2) is usually 0.12 or more, preferably 0.15 or more Operate the adsorption heat pump under the conditions.
- the adsorber (1) is usually heated to a temperature of 40 to 100 ° (: preferably 50 to 80 ° C, more preferably 60 to 80 ° C, and still more preferably 60 to 70 ° C.
- the adsorbent of the adsorber (1) has an equilibrium vapor pressure corresponding to the above-mentioned temperature range, and the condensing temperature of the condenser (5) is 30 to 40 ° C (condenser (5)).
- the water (adsorbate) is desorbed at the saturated vapor pressure at the temperature of the cooling water to be cooled.
- the desorbed water moves from the adsorber (1) to the condenser (5) in the form of steam and is condensed.
- the water obtained in the condenser (5) is circulated and supplied to the evaporator (4) by the return pipe (3).
- Relative vapor pressure on the desorption side ( ⁇ 1) (Value obtained by dividing the equilibrium vapor pressure of the adsorbate at the temperature of the cooling water of the condenser (5) by the equilibrium vapor pressure of the adsorbate at the temperature of the hot water) Is determined from the relationship between the temperature of the cooling water of the condenser (5) and the temperature of the hot water.
- the relative vapor pressure on the desorption side ( ⁇ 1) is higher than the relative vapor pressure at which the adsorbent rapidly adsorbs water vapor. It is preferable to operate so as to be small. The reason is as follows. That is, If the relative vapor pressure on the desorption side ( ⁇ > 1) is higher than the relative vapor pressure at which the adsorbent rapidly adsorbs water vapor, the superior adsorption function of the adsorbent cannot be used effectively.
- the above-mentioned relative vapor pressure ( ⁇ 1) on the desorption side can be appropriately set depending on environmental temperature, etc., but the amount of adsorption at the relative vapor pressure ( ⁇ 1) on the desorption side is usually 0.14 or less, preferably 0.1%. It is operated under temperature conditions of 10 or less. Furthermore, the difference between the amount of adsorbate adsorbed at the desorption-side relative vapor pressure ( ⁇ 1) and the amount of adsorbate adsorbed at the adsorption-side relative vapor pressure ( ⁇ 2) is usually 0.12 g "g or more, preferably The operation is performed so as to be 0.135 gZg, more preferably 0.14 gZg or more, and still more preferably 0.15 gZg or more.
- control valves (31) to (34) and the switching valve (1 15) are set so that the adsorber (1) is in the adsorption step and the adsorber (2) is in the regeneration step.
- the adsorption process is performed in the adsorber (1), and at the same time, the regeneration process is performed in the adsorber (2). Also, at that time, the switching valves (1 15), (1 16), (215) and (216) are operated, hot water flows through the heat medium pipe (2 1), and the heat medium pipe (1 1) Circulates cooling water.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an adsorption heat pump provided with two adsorbers (1) and (2)
- the adsorption heat pump of the present invention appropriately desorbs the adsorbate adsorbed by the adsorbent. Any number of adsorbers may be installed as long as any adsorber can maintain the state capable of adsorbing adsorbate.
- the adsorption heat pump of the present invention as described above can be driven by using low-temperature exhaust heat as a heat source, it can be applied to various systems such as cogeneration systems that require energy saving.
- FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of a cold heat generation system using exhaust heat of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell as a heat source of the adsorption heat pump according to the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a cold heat generation system using heat of a solar water heater.
- FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of a cold heat generation system using low-temperature exhaust heat of the engine.
- FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram of a heat generation system using the adsorption heat pump according to the present invention. 2 to 5, the adsorption heat pump of the present invention is indicated by reference numeral (1A).
- the cold heat generation system shown in Fig. 2 is a cogeneration system that incorporates a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) (81) into a household power supply.
- PEFC polymer electrolyte fuel cell
- Such a system is disclosed in JP-A-6-74597, JP-A-2001-213149, and the like.
- PEFC (81) has a power generation efficiency of about 40%, and the overall efficiency can be improved to about 80% by using waste heat efficiently.Therefore, various methods of effectively using waste heat have been proposed. However, there are few uses of low-temperature exhaust heat at 80 ° C or lower, and effective utilization of such low-temperature exhaust heat is desired.
- heat of 80 ° C. or less discharged from the PEFC (81) is used for the adsorption heat pump (1A). That is, in the adsorption heat pump (1A) of the present invention, the adsorbers (1) and (2) use the low-temperature exhaust heat generated from the polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) (81) as external heat. It has been made. Specifically, the waste heat of the PEFC (81) is recovered by the heat exchanger (82), and the hot water of the heat exchanger (82), for example, is introduced into the adsorbers (1) and (2). Used as a heating source when desorbing water (adsorbate) from the material.
- PEFC polymer electrolyte fuel cell
- the adsorption heat pump (1A) is a cold heat generator, by incorporating it into a system as shown in Fig. 2, it is possible to generate cold heat using waste heat.
- conventional cold heat generation equipment requires a compressor to compress the refrigerant, as shown in Fig. 2. According to this system, since no equipment such as a compressor or power is required, power can be saved, and water can be used as a heat medium, which is favorable to the environment from the viewpoint of decarbonation.
- the cold heat generation system shown in Fig. 3 is a system that uses the heat of a solar water heater to generate cold heat.
- a solar water heater system is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 63-118564.
- the above water heater system includes a heat collecting circuit including a heat collector (83) and a hot water supply circuit including a hot water storage tank (84). Is detected by a sensor and the amount of water circulated from the hot water storage tank (84) to the heat collector (83) is controlled by a pump, so that a constant amount of hot water at a constant temperature is always stored in the hot water storage tank (84). It is something.
- the hot water in the hot water storage tank (84) can be sufficiently used by hot water supply, but the demand for hot water varies depending on the season. Specifically, it can be used sufficiently in winter, but in summer, there is excess heat due to a decrease in heat demand, and as a result, energy saving has not been achieved.
- the temperature of the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank (84) is used for the adsorption heat pump (1A). That is, in the adsorption heat pump (1A) of the present invention, the adsorbers (1) and (2) are provided with excess heat stored in the hot water storage tank (84), in other words, low-temperature exhaust water generated from the solar water heater. The heat is used as external heat. Specifically, the heat of the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank (84) is collected by a heat exchanger such as a bellows tube structure, and the hot water, for example, is introduced into the adsorbers (1) and (2). Water from the adsorbent
- (Adsorbate) is used as a heating source when desorbing.
- various types of cooling water can be used as described above, and the water newly supplied to the hot water storage tank (84) can be used as the cooling water.
- the cold heat generation system shown in Fig. 4 is a low-temperature exhaust heat utilization system that is built in a gas turbine cogeneration system that uses an internal combustion engine to generate electricity, and produces steam, hot water, and cold water.
- a gas turbine cogeneration system is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-266666. As is well known, such a system, for example, generates power by driving a generator by a gas turbine (internal combustion engine), and recovers the heat of the combustion exhaust gas of the gas turbine with an exhaust heat recovery poiler to generate steam.
- cold water is produced by an absorption refrigerator, and the heat of the exhaust gas passing through the waste heat recovery boiler 4 is further recovered by a hot water boiler to produce hot water. Then, cold water is produced by an adsorption type refrigerator (adsorption heat pump) using hot water produced by a hot water poirer as a driving heat source.
- adsorption type refrigerator adsorption heat pump
- the heat of the hot water recovered by the hot water boiler (85) is used for the adsorption heat pump (1A). That is, in the adsorption heat pump (1A) of the present invention, the adsorbers (1) and (2) use the low-temperature exhaust heat generated from the cogeneration system using the internal combustion engine as external heat. . More specifically, in a hot water boiler (85), heat is recovered by a heat exchanger such as a bellows tube structure, and for example, hot water as a heat medium is introduced from the heat exchanger into the adsorbers (1) and (2). In this way, it is used as a heating source when desorbing water (adsorbate) from the adsorbent. For the removal of heat of adsorption in the adsorbers (1) and (2), various types of cooling water can be used as described above.
- adsorption heat pump (1A) of the present invention By incorporating the adsorption heat pump (1A) of the present invention into a cogeneration system as shown in Fig. 4, low-temperature exhaust heat of hot water, which was conventionally low in value, can be used more effectively to generate cold heat at low cost. You can do it.
- water can be used as a heat medium, which is preferable from the viewpoint of environmental protection.
- an absorbing liquid such as lithium bromide unlike an absorption refrigerator, maintenance work is not required and maintenance costs can be reduced.
- the heat generation system shown in Fig. 5 is a system that generates heat using the heat of adsorption of the adsorbent.
- the adsorption heat pump (1A) reduces the temperature of the adsorbent during normal operation by removing the heat of adsorption with cooling water or the like during normal operation, so that the adsorbent exhibits a predetermined adsorption capacity during the adsorption operation.
- the adsorption heat pump (1A) reduces the temperature of the adsorbent during normal operation by removing the heat of adsorption with cooling water or the like during normal operation, so that the adsorbent exhibits a predetermined adsorption capacity during the adsorption operation.
- the heat of adsorption it is possible to generate heat.
- the adsorbers (1) and (2) are capable of supplying the heat of adsorption released by the adsorption operation to the heat utilization equipment.
- the thermal generation system shown in Fig. 5 mainly consists of an adsorption heat pump (1A) and a hot water storage tank (86), and the adsorbers (1) and (2) of the adsorption heat pump (1A) have thermal energy.
- the water in the hot water storage tank (86) is supplied as cooling water by the replacement pipe, and hot water is returned to the hot water storage tank (86) from the adsorbers (1) and (2). Therefore, the adsorption heat pump (1A) of the present invention is configured as a system as shown in FIG. 4 to generate cold heat in the evaporator (4) and to generate heat in the adsorbers (1) and (3). Hot water can be produced, for example, in a hot water storage tank (86) using the generated heat of adsorption.
- the amount of heat that can be generated is (heat of adsorption x efficiency of adsorption heat pump).
- the heat of adsorption is (adsorbed amount of adsorbent x weight of adsorbent x latent heat of vaporization of water x number of cycles per hour). Therefore, as in the case of cold heat generation, if the heat generation capacity of the adsorption heat pump (1A) is obtained from the above conditions, it will be approximately 5.0 kW according to the following equation.
- the above heat generation system can save about 12% of energy consumption in hot water supply. That is, the heat generation system to which the adsorption heat pump (1A) is applied can further save energy and improve energy efficiency by supplying the above-mentioned heat (hot water) to a household water heater, for example. .
- the heat generation system can also be applied to air conditioners, in which case the heating efficiency can be improved.
- the humidity control air conditioner shown in Fig. 6 has an adsorbent capable of adsorbing and desorbing adsorbate, an adsorbing section (61) which is an adsorbing and desorbing section provided with the adsorbent, and a mechanism (6) for regenerating the adsorbent. 3), and an air path for circulating the air (62) to be conditioned if necessary, or a device for forcibly discharging the conditioned air.
- the adsorbing section only needs to have a shape that allows sufficient contact between the adsorbent and the air for controlling the humidity, and a honeycomb shape having a honeycomb structure can be applied.
- the mechanism for regenerating the adsorbent (63) may be any heat supply mechanism that can supply the adsorbent with heat of about 80 ° C required for regeneration of the adsorbent in the case of dehumidification.
- the mechanism (63) includes a heater, a heat source such as a heating coil, a mechanism such as a blower for sufficiently transmitting heat to the adsorption section, and a mechanism such as a blower when heat is generated inside the device by electric heating.
- a pipe for supplying a high-temperature gas may be used.
- the external heat source is not particularly limited as in the case of the adsorption heat pump, and includes, for example, cogeneration devices such as gas engines and gas turbines, and fuel cells. In the case of humidifying use, any path may be used as long as high-humidity air for re-absorbing moisture flows.
- FIG. 7 shows a conceptual diagram of a desiccant air conditioner as an example of a humidity control air conditioner.
- the desiccant air conditioner has a processing air path (71), a regeneration air path (72), a desiccant rotor (73) with adsorbent attached, two sensible heat exchangers (74), ( 75), a heat supply mechanism (76) for supplying heat from a heating source, and a humidifier (77).
- the treated air is dehumidified at the desiccant outlet (73), and the temperature is raised by the heat of moisture adsorption of the adsorbent (desiccant).
- the regenerated air is taken in from the external space, and heat generated by the first sensible heat exchanger (74). After the temperature is raised by replacement, the heat is heated by the heat supply mechanism (76) to lower the relative humidity, pass through the desiccant rotor (73), desorb the moisture in the adsorbent of the desiccant rotor (73), and regenerate it. I do.
- the sensible heat of the regenerated air after regeneration is recovered by exchanging heat with the regenerated air before heating in the second sensible heat exchanger (75) and then released to the outside (79).
- the humidity control air conditioner of the present invention can be driven using low-temperature exhaust heat as a heat source, it can be applied to a cogeneration system or the like that requires energy saving.
- the application example of this is to replace the adsorption heat pump in the above application example of the adsorption heat pump with a humidity control air conditioner to reduce the exhaust heat of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, the heat of a solar water heater, and the low-temperature exhaust heat of an engine.
- the humidity control air conditioning system will be used.
- the adsorbent of the present invention has a large difference in the amount of water adsorbed during adsorption and desorption, and can be regenerated (desorbed) at a low temperature.
- the adsorbent is driven by a relatively low-temperature heat source of 80 ° C or less.
- a heat pump and a humidity control air conditioner can be constructed.
- the adsorption heat pump and the humidity control air conditioner of the present invention use the adsorbent having the specific adsorption / desorption characteristics described above, so that they can be efficiently driven by using a low-temperature heat source as compared with conventional ones.
- the adsorption heat pump and the humidity control air conditioner can be efficiently driven by low-temperature heat, so that the waste heat of the cogeneration system and the like can be effectively used, and further energy saving can be achieved. I can plan. Example
- a 3 g sample containing the template thus obtained was collected, placed in a vertical quartz sintering tube, and heated to 550 ° C in 1 ° CZ minutes under an air stream of 200 ml / min. C was fired for 6 hours.
- the XRD (X-ray diffraction) of the crystalline iron aluminophosphate obtained in this way was measured to be FAPO-5, so-called AF I type (framework density: 17.3T / 1,000 persons3) .
- the AF I structure is a 12-membered oxygen ring structure.
- FIG. 8 is a water vapor adsorption isotherm at 25 ° C. obtained by measuring the above zeolite with an adsorption isotherm measuring apparatus (Belsoap 18: manufactured by Nippon Bell Co., Ltd.).
- the measurement of the adsorption isotherm was performed by measuring the temperature of the air high-temperature bath at 50 ° (:, adsorption temperature 25 ° (:, initial inlet pressure 3.0 torr, inlet pressure set point 0, saturated vapor pressure 23.76 mmHg, equilibration time) It took 500 seconds.
- the desorption temperature (Td) and the cold generation temperature (Tcool) of the water vapor are expressed by the above formulas (I) and ( ⁇ ).
- the difference between the water vapor adsorption at the water vapor adsorption temperature (Ta) and the water vapor adsorption at the water vapor desorption temperature (Td) is 0.1 lg / g or more.
- in-situ XRD was measured with the equipment and conditions shown in the table below.
- set the Zeorai bets in the measuring device 15 0 ° from room temperature (25 ° C) under a nitrogen atmosphere at 0% humidity (: up heating rate 5 ° (: / 1111 was heated in n, The water adsorbed on the zeolite was desorbed, and the temperature was lowered from 150 ° C to 45 ° C at a rate of 5 ° C / min in a nitrogen atmosphere of 0% humidity, and the desorbed XRD at 45 ° C was measured.
- XRD measurement apparatus and measurement conditions The results shown in Fig. 9 indicate that the structure is hardly changed during the adsorption and desorption of water.
- the peak position of the maximum peak at 20 15 ° or less changed by 0.06 ° in the adsorption / desorption.
- a durability test of the above zeolite was performed.
- zeolite was placed in a vacuum vessel maintained at 90 ° C, and the operation of exposing to a saturated steam atmosphere of 80 and a saturated steam atmosphere of 5 ° C for 90 seconds was repeated. With such an operation Is exposed to zeolite by exposure to saturated steam atmosphere at 80 ° C, and most of the water adsorbed to zeolite is desorbed by exposure to saturated steam atmosphere at 5 ° C. Move to sump kept at 5 ° C. In the durability test, the above operation was repeated 1000 times.
- the adsorption isotherm at 25 ° C was measured under the above conditions, and the change in the adsorption amount was examined.
- the amount of water adsorbed after the durability test was 95% before the durability test, and hardly changed.
- reaction material mixture was charged into a 200 cc stainless steel autoclave containing a Teflon inner cylinder, and allowed to react at 200 ° C. for 3 hours in a stationary state.
- Example 2 Elemental analysis was performed in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the composition ratio (molar ratio) of aluminum and phosphorus and gallium in the skeletal structure was as follows: gallium was 3% by mass, and aluminum was 3% by mass. Was 45.5 and phosphorus was 50.8%.
- FIG. 9 is a water vapor adsorption isotherm at 25 ° C. obtained by measuring in the same manner as in Example 1
- FIG. 10 is a steam adsorption isotherm obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 1 A durability test was performed on the above zeolite in the same manner as in Example 1, and before and after the durability test, adsorption was performed at 25 ° C under the same conditions as in Example 1. The warmth was measured to determine the change in the amount of adsorption. As a result, at a relative vapor pressure of 0.25, the adsorption amount after the durability test was 75% that before the durability test, and the change was small.
- the above reaction mixture was charged into a 200 cc stainless steel autoclave containing a Teflon inner cylinder, and allowed to react at 200 ° C. for 12 hours in a stationary state. After the reaction, the mixture was cooled, the supernatant was removed by decantation, and the precipitate was collected. The precipitate was washed three times with water, filtered off and dried at 120 ° C. A 3 g sample containing the template thus obtained was collected, placed in a vertical quartz firing tube, and heated to 550 ° C in 1 ° CZ minutes under a 200 ml air stream, and then left at 550 ° C. The firing was performed for 6 hours. The XRD of the thus-obtained crystalline aluminophosphate was measured and found to be AFI type A1P ⁇ -5 (containing A1 and P in the skeleton structure).
- FIG. 12 shows a water vapor adsorption isotherm at 25 ° C. obtained by measuring the above zeolite with an adsorption isotherm measuring apparatus (Belsorp 18: manufactured by Nippon Bell Co., Ltd.). The measurement of the adsorption isotherm was as follows: air high temperature tank temperature 50 ° C, adsorption temperature 25 ° C, initial inlet pressure 3.0 torr, inlet pressure set point 0, saturated vapor pressure 23.76 mmHg, equilibrium time 500 seconds I went in.
- the amount of adsorbent used in the present invention changes more in the same relative vapor pressure range as compared with the conventional silica gel zeolite, so that the adsorbent using almost the same weight of adsorbent Can produce a dehumidifying effect.
- Pseudo boehmite 8.85 g phosphorous was added while stirring 20 g of water to 16 g. After a solution obtained by adding 20 g of water to 13.8 g of the acid was added dropwise, stirring was continued for 2 hours. To this, 6.6 g of DPA (dipropylamine) was added dropwise and stirred for 2 hours. Half of the starting mixture was charged to 100 ml AC lined with Teflon and hydrothermally synthesized at 110 ° C for 4 days. This was filtered, washed with water, dried and measured for XRD, which revealed that it had an A 1 PO—C (APC) structure. After calcining it at 260 ° C for 6 hours in an air stream, XRD measurement revealed that it had an A 1 PO_D (APD) structure.
- APC A 1 PO—C
- Example 2 a durability test was performed in the same manner as in Example 1. Similarly, when comparing the adsorption amount at a relative vapor pressure of 0.25 before and after the durability test with the water vapor adsorption isotherm at 25 ° C, the adsorption amount after the durability test was significantly reduced to 28% before the test. In other words, it can be seen that the structure was greatly broken due to repeated adsorption and desorption, and there was a problem with stability. From this, it was confirmed that those that change their structure due to adsorption and desorption have problems in durability and are unsuitable. Industrial applicability
- the adsorbent of the present invention has a large difference in the amount of water adsorbed during adsorption and desorption and can be regenerated (desorbed) at a low temperature. Therefore, the adsorption heat pump and the humidity control driven by a relatively low-temperature heat source of 80 ° C. or less An air conditioner can be built.
- the adsorption heat pump and the humidity control air conditioner of the present invention use the adsorbent having the specific adsorption and desorption characteristics described above, so that they can be efficiently driven by using a lower temperature heat source. According to this operation method, since the adsorption heat pump and the humidity control air conditioner can be efficiently driven by low-temperature heat, the waste heat of the cogeneration system and the like can be effectively used, and further energy saving can be achieved.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
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EP04712686A EP1610084A4 (en) | 2003-04-01 | 2004-02-19 | ADSORPTION AGENT FOR ADSORPTION HEAT PUMP, ADSORPTION AGENT FOR MOISTURE CONTROL CONDITIONER |
US11/235,704 US7422993B2 (en) | 2003-04-01 | 2005-09-27 | Adsorbent for adsorption heat pump, adsorbent for humidity-control air conditioner, adsorption heat pump and humidity-control air conditioner |
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JP2003097629A JP3979327B2 (ja) | 2002-08-20 | 2003-04-01 | 吸着ヒートポンプ用吸着材、吸着ヒートポンプ及び吸着ヒートポンプの運転方法 |
JP2003-097629 | 2003-04-01 |
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US11/235,704 Continuation-In-Part US7422993B2 (en) | 2003-04-01 | 2005-09-27 | Adsorbent for adsorption heat pump, adsorbent for humidity-control air conditioner, adsorption heat pump and humidity-control air conditioner |
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EP (1) | EP1610084A4 (ja) |
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CN108798898A (zh) * | 2018-04-20 | 2018-11-13 | 华电电力科学研究院有限公司 | 质子交换膜燃料电池与燃气轮机联合供应蒸汽和热水的系统及方法 |
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JP2004093117A (ja) * | 2002-08-15 | 2004-03-25 | Denso Corp | 吸着ヒートポンプ用吸着材およびこれを用いた吸着ヒートポンプ |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN108798898A (zh) * | 2018-04-20 | 2018-11-13 | 华电电力科学研究院有限公司 | 质子交换膜燃料电池与燃气轮机联合供应蒸汽和热水的系统及方法 |
CN108798898B (zh) * | 2018-04-20 | 2023-11-28 | 华电电力科学研究院有限公司 | 质子交换膜燃料电池与燃气轮机联合供应蒸汽和热水的系统及方法 |
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EP1610084A4 (en) | 2012-11-07 |
EP1610084A1 (en) | 2005-12-28 |
US20060130652A1 (en) | 2006-06-22 |
CN1798952A (zh) | 2006-07-05 |
US7422993B2 (en) | 2008-09-09 |
CN100501299C (zh) | 2009-06-17 |
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